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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the treatment approaches and locoregional patterns for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in the breast, which is an uncommon malignant tumor with limited clinical data. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 patients diagnosed with primary ACC in the breast between 1992 and 2022 were collected from multi-institutions. All patients underwent surgical resection, including breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or total mastectomy (TM). Recurrence patterns and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were assessed. Results: Seventy-five patients (80.7%) underwent BCS, and 71 of them (94.7%) received post-operative radiation therapy (PORT). Eighteen patients (19.3%) underwent TM, with five of them (27.8%) also receiving PORT. With a median follow-up of 50 months, the LRFS rate was 84.2% at 5 years. Local recurrence (LR) was observed in five patients (5.4%) and four cases (80%) of the LR occurred in the tumor bed. Three of LR (3/75, 4.0%) had a history of BCS and PORT, meanwhile, two of LR (2/18, 11.1%) had a history of mastectomy. Regional recurrence occurred in two patients (2.2%), and both cases had a history of PORT with (n=1) and without (n=1) irradiation of the regional lymph nodes. Partial breast irradiation (p=0.35), BCS (p=0.96) and PORT in BCS group (p=0.33) had no significant association with LRFS. Conclusion: BCS followed by PORT was the predominant treatment approach for ACC of the breast and LR mostly occurred in the tumor bed. The findings of this study suggest that partial breast irradiation might be considered for PORT in primary breast ACC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a cut‐to‐fit methodology for customizing bulk aramid aerogels into form factors suitable for wearable energy storage. Owing to strong intercomponent bonds within aramid‐based building blocks, it is possible to delaminate layered bulk aerogel into flexible and thinner sheets, enabling efficient mass production. This process allows for precise customization of aerogel dimensions, shape, and elasticity, ensuring high resilience to deformation along with excellent thermal and impact resistance. Incorporation of conductive carbon nanotubes on the surface significantly enhances electrical conductivity and multi‐catalytic activity while retaining the inherent advantages of aramids. These advancements facilitate the use of flexible and conductive electrodes as air cathodes in solid‐state zinc–air batteries (ZABs), which demonstrate superior cyclic performance and lifecycles exceeding 160 h. Furthermore, aramid‐based packaging provides superior protection for pouch‐type ZABs, ensuring a consistent power supply even in severe conditions. These batteries are capable of withstanding structural deformations and absorbing physical and thermal shocks, such as impacts and exposure to fire. Moreover, the innovative reassembly of custom‐cut single‐pouch cells into battery modules allows for enhanced power output, tailored to wearable applications. This highlights the potential of the technology for a wide array of wearable devices requiring dependable energy sources in demanding environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although sesamoid-preserving procedures have been attempted to complement sesamoidectomy for hallux sesamoid fracture nonunion, few reports document the results. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to review the outcomes of patients with hallux sesamoid fracture nonunion who underwent screw fixation with autogenous bone grafting. Materials and methods: Medical records of patients who underwent surgery between January 2013 and September 2022 were reviewed. Outcomes were assessed using the foot function index (FFI) and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Fracture union was assessed using plain radiographs and computed tomography scans. Results: Ten patients (4 males and 6 females) were enrolled. The mean age was 39.4 years (standard deviation [SD], 14.0), and the mean follow-up duration was 23.4 months (SD, 14.5). The FFI score improved from 72.3 (SD, 8.7) preoperatively to 8.2 (SD, 10.7) 12 months postoperatively and to 6.6 (SD, 8.3) at the final follow-up (p < 0.01, respectively). The VAS score improved from 67.8 (SD, 13.5) preoperatively to 2.2 (SD, 3.8) 12 months postoperatively, finally improving to 3.6 (SD, 4.8) at the final follow-up (p < 0.01, respectively). Union was achieved in all patients 3 months postoperatively. Although no complications were observed, hardware removal was performed in two patients owing to discomfort and psychological anxiety. Conclusion: Given that the symptoms improved in all patients without complications, as observed in this study, screw fixation with autogenous bone grafting appears to be a viable option for treating hallux sesamoid fracture nonunion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Orsiro and Genoss DES stents are biodegradable polymer drug‐eluting stents (DESs) with ultrathin struts. Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of these two ultrathin DESs in real‐world practice. Methods: From a single‐center prospective registry, we included 751 and 931 patients treated with the Genoss DES and Orsiro stents, respectively. After propensity score matching, we compared 483 patients in each group with respect to a device‐oriented composite outcome (DOCO), which comprised cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization up to 2 follow‐up years. Results: After propensity score matching, there were no significant between‐group differences in clinical and angiographic characteristics. During the median follow‐up period of 730 days (interquartile range, 427–730 days), there was no significant between‐group difference in the DOCO rate (3.1% in the Genoss DES group vs. 2.9% in the Orsiro group, log‐rank p = 0.847). Conclusions: This study demonstrated comparable safety and efficacy between the Orsiro and Genoss DES stents during a 2‐year follow‐up period in real‐world practice. However, this result should be confirmed in a large randomized controlled trial. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02038127. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The TP53 mutation is one of the prevalent genetic alterations in human cancers and is often linked to a poor prognosis. While earlier studies have produced mixed results, they frequently involved small patient groups focused on specific breast cancer subtypes and treatments. To clarify these findings, we examined the clinical relevance of TP53 mutations in 650 patients across all subtypes, with consistent treatment based on subtype. In total, 172 (26.5%) had TP53 mutations, including 34 (19.8%) with missense hotspot mutations. Those with TP53 mutations had worse outcomes, with a 10-year recurrence-free survival rate of 83.5% compared to 86.6% for those without (p = 0.026), and a 10-year overall survival rate of 88.1% versus 91.0% (p = 0.003). However, the outcomes among patients with TP53 mutation did not differ significantly by mutation types or locations. Consequently, further research is necessary to explore the clinical relevance of the characteristics of TP53 mutation. Background: The TP53 mutation is one of the most frequently identified mutations in human cancers and is typically associated with a poor prognosis. However, there are conflicting findings regarding its impact. We aimed to clarify the clinical relevance of TP53 mutations across all breast cancer subtypes and treatments utilizing long-term follow-up data. Methods: We retrospectively identified the data of breast cancer patients who underwent TP53 mutation testing. Stratified log-rank tests and Cox regression analysis were performed to compare oncologic outcomes based on TP53 mutation status and the characteristics of these mutations, including types and locations. Mutations in exons 5-9 were identified using polymerase chain reaction—denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (PCR-DHPLC) and direct sequencing. Results: Between January 2007 and December 2015, 650 breast cancer patients underwent TP53 mutation testing in Gangnam Severance Hospital. The TP53 mutations were identified in 172 patients (26.5%), with 34 (19.8%) exhibiting missense hotspot mutations. Patients with TP53 mutations (TP53-mutated group) had worse prognosis, demonstrated by a 10-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate of 83.5% compared to 86.6% in patients without mutations (HR, 1.67; p = 0.026) and a 10-year overall survival (OS) rate of 88.1% versus 91.0% (HR, 3.02; p = 0.003). However, subgroup analyses within the TP53-mutated group did not reveal significant differences in oncologic outcomes based on mutation types and locations. Conclusions: Our findings establish that TP53 mutations are linked to poorer oncologic outcomes in breast cancer across all subtypes. Yet, within the TP53-mutated group, the specific characteristics of TP53 mutations do not influence oncologic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are the most common cause of shoulder pain among adults. "Rotator cuff" refers to the four muscles that cover the shoulder joint: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor. These muscles help maintain the rotational movement and stability of the shoulder joint. RCT is a condition in which one or more of these four muscles become ruptured or damaged, causing pain in the arms and shoulders. RCT results from degenerative changes caused by chronic inflammation of the tendons and consequent tendon tissue defects. This phenomenon occurs because of the exhaustion of endogenous tendon stem cells. Tendon regeneration requires rejuvenation of these endogenous tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) prior to their growth phase. TSPCs exhibit clonogenicity, multipotency, and self-renewal properties; they express classical stem cell markers and genes associated with the tendon lineage. However, specific markers for TSPC are yet to be identified. In this review, we introduce novel TSPC markers and discuss various strategies for TSPC reprogramming. With further research, TSPC reprogramming technology could be adapted to treat age-related degenerative diseases, providing a new strategy for regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although abnormal increases in the level or activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) occur frequently in cancer, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) specifically stabilizes CDK4 by enhancing the formation of the complex between CDK4 and a chaperone protein. Knockdown of MRS reduced the CDK4 level, resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The effects of MRS on CDK4 stability were more prominent in the tumor suppressor p16INK4a-negative cancer cells because of the competitive relationship of the two proteins for binding to CDK4. Suppression of MRS reduced cell transformation and the tumorigenic ability of a p16INK4a-negative breast cancer cell line in vivo. Further, the MRS levels showed a positive correlation with those of CDK4 and the downstream signals at high frequency in p16INK4a-negative human breast cancer tissues. This work revealed an unexpected functional connection between the two enzymes involving protein synthesis and the cell cycle.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Cerebral microbleeds are linked to cognitive decline, but it remains unclear how they impair neuronal function. Infarction is not typically observed near microbleeds, suggesting more subtle mechanisms, such as inflammation, may play a role. Because of their small size and largely asymptomatic nature, real-time detection and study of spontaneous cerebral microbleeds in humans and animal models are difficult. METHODS:We used in vivo 2-photon microscopy through a chronic cranial window in adult mice to follow the inflammatory response after a cortical microhemorrhage of ≈100 µm diameter, induced by rupturing a targeted cortical arteriole with a laser. RESULTS:The inflammatory response included the invasion of blood-borne leukocytes, the migration and proliferation of brain-resident microglia, and the activation of astrocytes. Nearly all inflammatory cells responding to the microhemorrhage were brain-resident microglia, but a small number of CX3CR1+ and CCR2+ macrophages, ultimately originating from the invasion of blood-borne monocytes, were also found near the lesion. We found a coordinated pattern of microglia migration and proliferation, where microglia within 200 µm of the microhemorrhage migrated toward the lesion over hours to days. In contrast, microglia proliferation was not observed until ≈40 hours after the lesion and occurred primarily in a shell-shaped region where the migration of microglia decreased their local density. These data suggest that local microglia density changes may trigger proliferation. Astrocytes activated in a similar region as microglia but delayed by a few days. By 2 weeks, this inflammatory response had largely resolved. CONCLUSIONS:Although microhemorrhages are small in size, the brain responds to a single bleed with an inflammatory response that involves brain-resident and blood-derived cells, persists for weeks, and may impact the adjacent brain microenvironment.