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Bu çalışmanın amacı Okul Sporları yarı final Futsal müsabakalarına katılan lise öğrencilerinin algıladıkları empatik eğilimlerinin incelenmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, toplam 161 (90 kadın, 71 erkek) öğrenci-sporcu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada anket tekniği uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Dökmen (1998) tarafından geliştirilen ‘’Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği’’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin normal dağılımını ölçmek için yapılan normallik testinden sonra veriler normal dağılım gösterdiği için parametrik testler yapılmıştır. Verilerin güvenirliliğine bakıldıktan sonra cinsiyet ve kaptanlık ile t-test, spor yılı, bölge ve lise arasında anova testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrenci-sporcuların cinsiyetleri ve kaptanlık durumları ile ölçek arasında anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır. Lise ve spor yılı ile ölçek arasında yapılan tek yönlü varyans analizine göre anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Bölge ile ölçek arasında yapılan tek yönlü varyans analizine göre Ege Bölgesi’nde okuyan öğrencilerin empatik eğilimleri, Marmara ve İç Anadolu Bölgesindeki sporcu-öğrencilere göre empatik eğilimlerinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, Ege Bölgesindeki öğrenci-sporcuların empatik eğilimlerinin Marmara ve İç Anadolu Bölgesindeki öğrenci-sporcuların empatik eğilimlerinden daha yüksek olduğu söylenebilir.

The aim of this multicenter study is to evaluate AYC.2.2 agar for the isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples.Totally 5559 media were tested in 7 centers. AYC.2.2 agar media for the study were prepared by C1 and sent to other centers under appropriate conditions. Other media except AYC.2.2 agar were purchased commercially. The media were subjected to routine laboratory operations in the center where they were sent. After the samples received for routine processing (in all centers, samples were processed with the same method (NALC-NaOH)), they were cultivated on routine media and AYC.2.2 agar afterward.C1: Average growth time was determined as 12.74±3.74 days with MGIT 960 system; 24.42±4.75 days with LJ and 24.37±4.96 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C2: Average growth time was determined as 18.25±9.32 days with TK-Medium, 28.73±7.44 days with LJ, and 31.72±6.35 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C3: Average growth time was determined as 20.48±7.24 days with Ogawa medium, 20.74±7.12 days with LJ, and 20.26±7.43 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C4: Average growth time was determined as 15.27±6.37 days with MGIT 960 system, 22.14±9.1 days with LJ, and 22±8.45 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C5: Average growth time was determined as 13±4.24 days with MGIT 960 system, 32.16±6.23 days with LJ, and 33±5.73 days with AYC.2.2 agar. C6: Average growth time was determined as 9±3.11 days with MGIT 960 system, 18.68±5.32 days with LJ, and 18.34±4.63 days AYC.2.2 agar. C7: Average growth time was determined as 14.74±7.65 with MGIT 960 system, 26.01±8.21 days with LJ, and 26.24±7.88 days with AYC.2.2 agar.In conclusion, similar results were obtained with LJ and Ogawa media and AYC.2.2 agar. Furthermore, more studies should be conducted for isolation of M. tuberculosis and performing antibiotic susceptibility tests using AYC.2.2 agar before it can be used as a routine media in the laboratories.

Çalışmada basketbol oyuncularının liderlik yönelimlerinin ve zaman yönetimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 2. Lig Üniversitelerarası Basketbol turnuvasında oynayan 109 erkek 72 kadın toplam 181 basketbol oyuncusu katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Bolman ve Deal’(1991) tarafından geliştirilen Türkçeye uyarlaması Dereli’(2003) tarafından yapılan “Liderlik Yönelimi Ölçeği” ve Britton ve Tesser’(1991) Tarafından geliştirilen Türkçeye uyarlaması Alay ve Koçak’(2002) tarafından yapılan “Zaman Yönetimi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde, liderlik yönelimi alt boyutlarının zaman yönetimini %40,5 oranında anlamlı düzeyde açıkladığı görülmektedir. Alt boyutlar bazında incelendiğinde en fazla etkinin sırasıyla politik çerçeve, insan kaynakları çerçevesi, yapısal çerçeve ve sembolik çerçeve ait olduğu görülmektedir.Liderlik Yönelimi, Zaman Yönetimi, Basketbol

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest health problems in the world and it remains unresolved. Multidrug-resistant-TB and extensively resistant-TB are a serious problem for control programs. The evaluation of available antibiotics has gained importance in recent years for the treatment of resistant TB. Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit cell wall biosynthesis in the bacteria; the presence of beta-lactamase enzyme in TB bacilli raises the question of whether this group of antibiotics can be used in treatment. As a result, it has been reported that the combination of beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this article is to review and discuss up-to-date knowledge and future perspective on beta-lactam antibiotics and TB.

Diş gıcırdatması olarak da bilinen bruksizm, insanların yaşam kalitesini belirli oranlarda etkileyen, olağan dışı aktivite olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Gün içerisinde ve/veya uyku sırasında ortaya çıkan bruksizmin multifaktöriyel etiyolojisi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bruksizmin etiyolojisine yönelik birçok çalışma vardır ancak bu çalışmalarda belli konulara tam bir açıklık getirilememiştir. Tedavide çeşitli yöntemler uygulanır ama bruksizmin efektif tedavisinin uygulanabilmesi için asıl etkenin bulunulması gerekmektedir. Bruksizm tedavisinde kullanılan psikotrop ilaçlar olduğu gibi bruksizmi başlatan veya var olan bruksizmi indükleyen psikotrop ilaçlar da bulunmaktadır. Bu ilaçların farklı dozlarda ve sürelerde etkileri değişmektedir. Bu derlemede bruksizm etiyolojisini ve psikotrop ilaçların bruksizmi başlatma, indükleme ve tedavi etme üzerindeki etkilerini araştırdık. Böylece bruksizmi değerlendirirken veya tedavi ederken kullanılan ilaçların etkisini vurgulamaya çalıştık.Anahtar kelimeler: bruksizm, etiyoloji, tedavi, psikotrop ilaçlarTHE EFFECT OF PSYCHOTROP DRUGS IN BRUXISM ETHIOLOGY AND TREATMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF BRUXISM IN THE LIGHT OF INFORMATIONABSTRACT Bruxism, also known as teeth grinding, is an unusual activity that affects people's quality of life to a certain extent. Bruxism that occurs during the day and / or during sleep is thought to have a multifactorial etiology. There are many studies on the etiology of bruxism, but certain issues have not been fully clarified in these studies. Various methods are used in the treatment, but the main factor must be found in order to apply effective treatment of bruxism. As well as psychotropic drugs used in the treatment of bruxism, there are also psychotropic drugs that initiate bruxism or induce bruxism. The effects of these drugs at different doses and durations vary. In this review, we investigated the etiology of bruxism and the effects of psychotropic drugs on initiation, induction and treatment of bruxism. Thus, we tried to emphasize the effect of drugs used in evaluating or treating bruxism.Keywords: bruxism, etiology, treatment, psychotrop drugs

Bu çalışma 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında, farklı organik ve mikrobiyal gübre uygulamalarının bazı pamuk çeşitlerinde verim ve verim unsurlarına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla, Harran Ovasında organik Tarım Koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada organik çiftlik gübresi (2000 kg ha-1), güvercin gübresi (1000 kg ha-1) ve mikrobiyal gübre (100 cc 100 lt su) uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada ST-468, BA-119 ve Candia pamuk çeşitleri, bitki materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Deneme, bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada bitkisel özelliklerden; bitki boyu(cm), odun dalı (adet bitki-1), meyve dalı (adet bitki-1), bitki başına koza sayısı (adet bitki-1) ve kütlü pamuk verimi (kg ha-1) kriterleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre 2014 yılında; çeşitlerin kütlü pamuk verimi 3313.8 kg ha-1 (ST-468) ile 3490.7 kg ha-1 (Candia) arasında değişmiş olup, en yüksek kütlü pamuk verimi Candia çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. 2015 yılında çeşitlerin kütlü pamuk verimi 4389.0 kg ha-1 (Candia) ile 4705.7 kg ha-1 (BA-119) arasında değişmiş olup, en yüksek verim BA-119 çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Organik ve mikrobiyal gübre uygulamaları sonucunda ise 2014 yılında, kütlü pamuk veriminin 1879.6 kg ha-1 (kontrol) ile 4346.0 kg ha-1 (Biofarm gübre) arasında değiştiği, en yüksek verimin Biofarm gübresi uygulamasından elde edildiği görülmüştür. 2015 yılında ise 3661.1 kg ha-1 (Kontrol) ile 5231.5 kg ha-1 (güvercin gübresi + mikrobiyal gübre) arasında değiştiği, en yüksek verimin güvercin gübresi + mikrobiyal gübre uygulamasından elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Özellikle mikrobiyal gübrenin verim ve verim komponentlerinde önemli düzeyde etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmamızdan; BA-119 çeşidi ile güvercin gübresi + mikrobiyal gübre interaksiyonunun en yüksek verimi sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Diş hekimliği radyolojisinde kullanılan cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) veya dental volumetrik tomografi (DVT) sistemleri ile maksillofasiyal bölgenin sert dokularının her üç düzlemde de incelenmesi mümkün hâle gelmiştir. TME disfonksiyon şikâyeti olan genç ve erişkin bireylerdeki kondile ait kemik değişikliklerinin DVT ile semptomatik ve etiyolojik yönden incelemek, bu çalışmanın amacıdır. Çalışmada, TME disfonksiyonlu 50 hastanın 100 eklemindeki sert dokular ve kondile ait kemik değişiklikleri yaş, cinsiyet ve parafonksiyonel aktivite gibi etiyolojik; ağrı, ses ve hareket değişikliği gibi semptomatik bulguları dental volumetrik tomografi ile incelendi. CBCT görüntülerinde 62 kondilde herhangi bir kemik değişikliği mevcut değilken; 38 kondilde kemik değişikliği tespit edildi. İnceleme neticesi 14 kondilde düzleşme, 19 kondilde osteofit ve 5 kondilde ise erozyon formasyonu görünümündeydi. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kondiler kemik değişikliği ile cinsiyet, ses ve hareket değişikliği arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamışken; ağrı, yaş ve parafonksiyonel aktivitenin (diş sıkma ve gıcırdatma) varlığı açısından anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Dental volümetrik tomografi, Disfonksiyon, Temporomandibular Eklem, Kondiler kemik.Evaluation of Condyle Bone Changes by Dental Volumetric Tomography in Individuals with Temporomandibular Joint DysfunctionAbstractWith cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or dental volumetric tomography (DVT) systems used in dental radiology, it has become possible to examine the hard tissues of maxillofacial region in all three planes. The aim of this study is to investigate the symptomatic and etiological aspects of condyle bone changes in young and adult individuals with TMJ dysfunction with DVT.Hard tissue and condyle changes in 100 joints of 50 patients with TMJ dysfunction were evaluated as etiological factors such as age, sex and parafunctional activity. Symptomatic findings such as pain, voice and movement changes were examined by dental volumetric tomography. CBCT images showed no bone changes in 62 condyles; Bone changes were detected in 38 condyles. As a result of the examination, flattening was observed in 14 condyles, osteophyte in 19 condyles and erosion formation in 5 condyles. According to the results of the study, no statistically significant relationship was found between condylar bone change and sex, voice and movement changes; pain, age and presence of parafunctional activity (squeezing and grinding).Key words: Dental volumetric tomography, Dysfunction, Temporomandibular Joint, Condylar bone.

Amaç: Pulmoner emboli (PE) göreceli olarak yaygın bir kardiyovasküler acil durumdur ve spesifik olmayan klinik tablo nedeniyle gözden kaçırılabilecek zor bir tanıdır. PE' nin patogenezi iyi tanımlanmış olmasına rağmen, PE' nin teşhisine yardımcı olabilecek klinik bir biyobelirteçlere ihtiyaç vardır. Teorik olarak, Galectin-3'ün (Gal-3) prokoagülan etkisinden dolayı, PE'nin patogenezindeki rol alabileceği düşünülebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, akut PE'li hastalarda Gal-3 düzeyinin önemini göstermek ve PE'nin ekokardiyografik özellikleri ile ilişkiyi tanımlamaktır. Yöntem: 2013 - 2014 tarihleri ​​arasında art arda 40 PE hastası (26 kadın, ort. Yaş 60.93 ± 14.28 yıl) ve 40 yaş uyumlu sağlıklı kontrol çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gal-3, D-dimer ve Troponin I ölçüldü. PE ve kontrol grubundaki tüm hastalara transtorasik ekokardiyografik inceleme yapıldı. Bulgular: Gal-3 ve D-dimer düzeyleri PE' li hastalarda kontrollere göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (17.04 ± 6.6 ve 8.22 ± 4.9, p

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with chronic hemodialysis and evaluate the risk factors of developing TMD.Methods: One hundred forty-six subjects were included in the study. The examination for TMD was based on the standardized Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Axis I protocol was used to evaluate the prevalence of TMD sub-diagnoses.Results: The prevalence of TMD was 41.5% in hemodialysis patients and significantly higher than in the control group. The most common symptom was TMJ pain, and the most common TMD subtype was muscular type. Female patients had significantly higher TMD than males. C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone, and albumin were significantly associated with TMD.Conclusion: There was an elevated prevalence of TMD in hemodialysis patients.

No-reflow phenomenon (NRP) is an important problem in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Endocan is synthesized and secreted by activated vascular endothelium, and it has been shown to be related to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between endocan levels and NRP. Consecutive patients (n = 137) with STEMI who had undergone coronary angiography and pPCI were enrolled into the study. The clinical characteristics of the patients were obtained and endocan levels were measured. Endocan levels were significantly higher in the NRP (+) group compared with the NRP (−) group ( P < .001). In multivariate analysis, endocan ( P < .001, OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.37-4.15) was found to be an independent predictor of NRP. An endocan value of >2.7 ng/mL has 89.6% sensitivity and 74.2% specificity for the prediction of the NRP (area under the curve: 0.832, P < .001). The present study demonstrated that the endocan level is an independent predictor of the NRP in patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI. Endocan levels may be helpful in detecting patients with a higher risk of insufficient myocardial perfusion and worse clinical outcome.

Chronic functional constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder in children with no underlying organic cause. Although reasons such as bad eating habits and early transition to solid food are blamed for constipation, the etiology of the disease has not been fully elucidated. Our study aims to determine the differences in stool microbiota between children with chronic functional constipation and healthy children. Feces samples of 49 patients and 40 healthy children who meet Rome IV criteria were analyzed by 16s rRNA /PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. Within the sample microbial diversity, the Shannon diversity index was calculated based on the profiles obtained using the R 2.15.2 software package programe. In our study, no statistically significant difference was found between the study group and the control group in terms of the Shannon Diversity Index (p 0.005). Although there is no significant difference between microbiota subtypes, the fact that Lactobacillus kefiri and Bifidobacterium infantis were detected only in healthy children may guide the supportive treatments to be given to constipated children. The results of our study also show that there is a need for more comprehensive studies in large populations, supporting other literature studies showing that the gastrointestinal microbiota is different in constipated and normal children.

Objective: In this study, our aim was to compare the diagnostic methods with each other and show the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts by using molecular, serological and microscopic methods in stool samples which were collected from immunosuppressive and immunocompetent patients with diarrheaMethods: Total 172 stool samples were collected from 80 immunosuppressive patients and 92 immunocompetent patients (between 0-94 years) with diarrhea. These stool samples were obtained from the different clinics of Ataturk University, Yakutiye Research Hospital between January 2014 and July 2014. Patient group composed of 49 persons between 0-14 years and 123 persons between 15-94 years. On the other hand, 141 patients were using tap water while 41 of them were using well water. Modified acid-fast staining, ELISA and DFA techniques were applied to detect the Cryptosporidium parasite positivity. Nested PCR method was performed to the samples which were detected positive with one of the above methods.Results: The positivity was detected in 5.8%, 4.1% and 3.5% by ELISA, DFA technique and Modified acid-fast staining method, respectively. Cryptosporidium DNA was detected in only 1.2% by PCR method. The rates of positivity were 6.3% and 5.4% in immunosuppressive and immunocompetent patients, respectively. The positivity was detected in 10.2% and 4.1% in 0-14 age group and 15-94 age group patients, respectively. On the other hand, 4.3% and 12.9% positivity rates were detected in tap water and well water users respectively. Conclusion: Our study pointed out that the investigation of Cryptosporidium oocysts as diarrhea agents in especially immunosuppressive patients, individuals in childhood and well water users may be useful. Because cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunosuppressive individuals. Additionally, we think that ELISA method can be preferred to other methods in terms of high sensitivity and ease of application.

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the fractal dimension (FD) analysis in the temporomandibular joint for changes in trabecular bone structure on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and Methods:In this study 17 female RA patients and 16 healthy female individuals who were underwent CBCT imaging with for diagnostic purposes such as pathologic lesion and implant treatment planning, were evaluated and fractal analysis was performed using Image J (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) program with box-counting method. The results were analysed using Student t-test with SPSS 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago; IL, USA) software program.Results:According to the results, FD values of RA patients have wide range (for right side minimum: 0.919, maximum: 1.169 and for left side minimum: 0.958, maximum: 1.155). Statistical analysis of FD values showed significance between RA patients and the healthy individuals for both right/left sides (for the right side, the RA patients had a mean FD of 1.055, and the control group had a mean FD of 1.113; for the left side, the RA patients had a mean FD of 1.060, and the control group had a mean FD of 1.111) (p

Soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merill} is not only an important food source containing fat, protein, carbohydrate and minerals but also an important industrial plant providing raw material for many industries. Organic farming is an important element for sustainability of farming, protection of environment, and reduction of chemical fertilizers usage. Soybean, like other legumes, has rhizobium bacteria in its roots providing nitrogen and organic materials which facilitate the sustainability of organic farming. This study was conducted with the aim of researching the effects of the organic cattle manure doses on yield and yield elements of soybean under semi-arid climatic conditions in organic farming. In this study, organic cattle manure with the doses of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 kg ha-1 were applied to Adasoy Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] cultivar under the second crop conditions. There search was conducted according to the random blocks experimental design with three replications during 2013 and 2014. In results obtained from the two-years study determined that the seed yield varied between 1678.9 and 2611.8 kg ha-1; plant height varied between 87.00 and 112.00 cm; number of branches per plant varied between 3.04 and 6.28; first pod height varied between 7.68 and 12.81 cm; number of pod per plant varied between 103.83 and 138.66 per plant-1; protein ratio varied between 39.31% and 41.74%; 100 seeds weight varied between 12.49 g and 15.28 g; and oil ratio varied between 20.51% to 21.91%. According to the results of correlation analysis, positive and important correlations between seed yield with number of branches per plant (r=0.4964**), and number of pod per plant (r=0.4964*) and 100 seeds weight (r=0.5782**) were observed.

Hükümetler,toplumsal ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında birinci derecede sorumludurlar.Toplumların öncelikli ihtiyacı, eğitimle ilgili konularda kendinigöstermektedir. Bu konular içerinde, eğitimin niteliğinden birinci derecedesorumlu olan öğretmenlerle ilgili olanlarıdır. Öğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgilikonuların, hükümet programlarında yer alma durumu büyük önem arz etmektedir.Türkiye’de Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze kadar kurulan hükümetlerinöğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgili politikaları, hazırladıkları programlarda yeralmaktadır.Araştırmanınamacı, Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze kadar kurulan hükümetlerinprogramlarında yer alan öğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgili konuların neler olduğunuortaya koymak ve hükümetlerin nicelik ve nitelik boyutları açısındandeğerlendirmektir. Bunun için, hükümetler ve programları ile ilgili belgelerincelenmiş; verileri, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yoluylatoplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, analiz edilip değerlendirildikten sonrayorumlar yapılmış, ulaşılan sonuçlar doğrultusunda öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Hükümetlerin birkısmının programının olmaması dikkat çekmekle beraber, programları olanhükümetlerin hepsinin öğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgili konulara yer vermişolmaları önem arz etmektedir. Bu konuların, hükümetlerin nicelik ve nitelikboyutlarında farklılıklar göstermiş olması, öğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgiliyaklaşımlarda siyasetin etkili olduğunu sonucunu ortaya koymuştur. Olması gerekendurum ise öğretmenlik mesleğinin siyasetin dışında tutulması ve sürdürülebiliryaklaşımların izlenmesidir., Governments are primarily responsible for meetingsocial needs. The main needs of the communities are manifested in educationalissues. Among these are the ones related to teachers who are especiallyresponsible for the quality of the education. It is very important that theissues related to the teaching profession are included in the governmentprograms. Since the declaration of Republic in Turkey, governments’ policiesabout teaching profession are manifested in their programs. The aim of this study is to reveal what issuesregarding teaching profession are addressed in government programs and toevaluate them in terms of the quantities and qualities of the governmentsbeginning from the declaration of Republic until today. For this purposedocuments related to governments and their programs are examined; the data arecollected through document analysis. Upon analyzing and evaluating the obtaineddata, comments and implications are made based on the results.Although it is remarkable that some governments didnot have any program, it is important that all governments with a programaddressed to the issues regarding to the teaching profession. The varying differencesin terms of quantity and quality among the governments revealed that politicsis an effective factor for the approaches towards teaching profession. Whatneeds to be done is to keep the teaching profession out of politics and to followsustainable policies.

Heavy-ionfusion near the Coulomb barrier attract experimental and theoretical interest.The collisons are typically characterized by the presence of many open reactionchannels. In the energies around the Coulomb barrier, the processes are elasticscattering, inelastic excitations and fusion operations of one or two nuclei.The fusion process is defined as the effect of one-dimensional barrierpenetration model, taking scattering potential as the sum of Coulomb andproximity potential. We have performed heay-ion fusion reactions withcoupled-channels (CC) calculations. CC formalism is carried out under barrierenergy in heavy- ion fusion reactions. In this work fusion cross sections havebeen calculated and analyzed in detail for the three systems in theframework of CC approach (using the codes CCFULL[16], CCFUS [17] and CCDEF [18]). Calculated results are compared with experimental data, including excitation of the projectile and target to thelowestand states and with the datas computed from ‘nrv’. CCDEF, CCFULLand ‘nrv’ explains the fusion reactions of heavy-ions very well. There is agood agreement between the calculated results with the experimental and nrvresults [19]., Coulombbariyeri yakınındaki ağır iyon füzyonu, deneysel ve teorik ilgi çekmektedir. Çarpışmalartipik olarak birçok açık reaksiyon kanalı varlığı ile karakterize edilir. Coulomb bariyerinin etrafındaki enerjilerde, süreç,bir veya iki çekirdeğin elastik saçılma, inelastik uyarımlar ve füzyonoperasyonlarıdır. Füzyon süreci, saçılma potansiyelini Coulomb ve yakınlıkpotansiyelinin toplamı olarak alan tek boyutlu bariyer penetrasyon modelininetkisi olarak tanımlanır. Çiftlenmiş kanallar (CC) hesaplamaları ile ağır iyonfüzyon reaksiyonları gerçekleştirdik. CC formalizmi, ağır füzyonreaksiyonlarında bariyer enerjisi altında gerçekleştirilir. Buçalışmada, füzyontesir kesitleri CC hesaplamaları ile (CCFULL [16], CCFUS [17] ve CCDEF [18]kodları kullanılarak) sistemleri için detaylı olarak incelenmiştir.Hesaplanan sonuçlar, deneysel veri ve ‘nrv’ de hesaplanan mermi ve hedef için ve uyarılmalarını içeren verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. HesaplananSonuçlar ile deneysel ve ‘nrv’ [19] sonuçları arasında iyi bir uyum mecvuttur.

The purpose of this research is to assess the sports and socialization of the students studying in different sports branches in Gumushane University. “Socialization- Sports and Socialization Scale” developed by Sahan was used in this research. A total of 742 students composed of 316 females and 426 males studying in Gumushane University participated in this survey modelled research. Data obtained were evaluated in SPSS package program. Reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.896. T-Test, Kruskall Wallis and Anova were used in statistical assessment of data. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine whether there was a significant relation between socialization and sports-socialization scores and the causal relations between two variables were tested with simple linear regression analysis. The study was analyzed in terms of certain variables and it was concluded that the variables of gender, age, place of residence and type of sports done by the participants didn’t make a difference on sports-socialization and socialization scores. It is also observed that there is a positive and significant relation between the variables of socialization and sports-socialization (r= .624, p

This study aims to examine the strategic leadership characteristics of Provincial Directors of Youth and Sports in terms of some variables. The sample group consists of 59 people serving as Provincial Directors of Youth and Sports in Turkey. The Strategic Leadership Questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 22.0 program was utilized to analyze the data obtained. According to demographic variables, one-way analysis of variance (One way Anova), Independent T-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to compare the scores of the strategic leadership scale sub-dimension of the provincial directors of youth and sports participating in the study. As a result of the analyses, it has been determined that the provincial directors of youth and sports participating in the study use high levels of transformational leadership and managerial leadership, their ethical leadership and political leadership use levels are above the moderate level and their leadership effectiveness perceptions and corporate environment perceptions are above the moderate level. There is a positive relationship between Transformational leadership, Managerial leadership, Ethical leadership, Political leadership and Leadership effectiveness (p 0.05). There is a positive relationship between perception level and corporate environment perception and it is below average (p

Objective:This study evaluated the use of a deep-learning approach for automated detection and numbering of deciduous teeth in children as depicted on panoramic radiographs.Methods and materials:An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm (CranioCatch, Eskisehir-Turkey) using Faster R-CNN Inception v2 (COCO) models were developed to automatically detect and number deciduous teeth as seen on pediatric panoramic radiographs. The algorithm was trained and tested on a total of 421 panoramic images. System performance was assessed using a confusion matrix.Results:The AI system was successful in detecting and numbering the deciduous teeth of children as depicted on panoramic radiographs. The sensitivity and precision rates were high. The estimated sensitivity, precision, and F1 score were 0.9804, 0.9571, and 0.9686, respectively.Conclusion:Deep-learning-based AI models are a promising tool for the automated charting of panoramic dental radiographs from children. In addition to serving as a time-saving measure and an aid to clinicians, AI plays a valuable role in forensic identification.

WOS: 000410002100004 Objective: The aim of this study is evaluation of StaResMet (R) (AYCMED Medikal ve Tibbi Cihazlar San. ve Tic. A. S., Samsun, Turkey) as a new colorimetric test kit for rapid detection of the methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods: Methicillin resistance was determined by the microdilution method according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The StaResMet (R) kit and VITEK (R) 2 Compact (bioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) automated system were used according to the recommendations of the manufacturers. The broth microdilution test was considered as reference method for the comparison of the tests. S. aureus ATCC 29213 (methicillin-susceptible) and ATCC 43300 (methicillin-resistant) were used as quality control strains. Isolates were accepted as resistant to methicillin if they had a cefoxitin minimum inhibitory concentration of = 8 ae g/ ml according to the CLSI criteria. Results: It was found that out of 277 isolates, 118 S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant and 159 were susceptible to methicillin. It was determined that 118 S. aureus isolates were resistant to methicillin by the broth microdilution method, VITEK (R) 2 Compact and StasResMet (R) kits. 159 isolates were susceptible to methicillin by three methods. According to these results, specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of StaResMet (R) kit were 100%. Conclusions: StaResMet r kit has a potential use for rapid detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).

Purpose Pitting inhibition efficiency of SO4− and NO3− on AISI 316L stainless steel in contact with Cl−-containing fiber dyeing solutions together with the influence of the anions on absorption behavior of the solutions were investigated. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine an optimized dyeing solution efficient on both – inhibition of the steel’s pitting and exhaustion of the dyes dissolved. Design/methodology/approach Methods such as electrochemical cyclic polarization, UV-visible range spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy have been used to assess the performance of two inhibitors on both pitting inhibition of the steel and dissolving ability over the reactive dyes. To find out a promising dyeing solution mixture in both aspects, Cl content of the original dyeing solution was replaced gradually with the inhibiting anions, where the total anionic content was kept constant to unchange the dye exhaustion potential of the solution. Then, those solutions came out with diverse pitting inhibition, and dye absorption levels were compared together for reducing/avoiding the pitting issues of the reactive dyeing vessels of the industry. Findings Rather high absorption levels detected by visible range spectrophotometry on the solutions showing sound inhibition levels indicated possibility of unaltered reactive dyeing qualities with an enhanced vessel lifetime as the inhibitive anions replace Cl−. Nitrate performed better than sulfate both on inhibition and absorption in the dyeing solutions. Also, 316L vessels became open to an extra anodic protection in inhibitor added solutions. Research limitations/implications The findings are valid for a certain group of reactive dyes and dyeing solutions held at 70°C. However, the testing methods are available to almost any dyeing solution and dyeing temperature. Originality/value The work presents a combined testing of pitting inhibition and absorption behavior of dyeing solutions involving Cl− that has not been reported so far. It shows that solution recipes least harmful to the steel vessels can be outlined for various reactive or other types of dye groups.

Ülkemizin güney komşusu olan Suriye sınırları içerisinde rejim karşıtları tarafından demokratik bir yönetime geçiş talebiyle Mart 2011’de başlatılan ve Nisan 2011’de ülke sathına yayılan barışçıl gösteriler, rejim kuvvetlerinin sert müdahaleleri sonucunda silahlı çatışmalara yani bir iç savaşa dönüşmüş ve bu iç savaş yaklaşık 8 milyon Suriyelinin evlerini terk etmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu göç hareketinden en çok etkilenen ülkelerin başında ise ülkemiz gelmektedir. İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü verilerine göre Ocak 2016 itibariyle ülkemizde 2. 255. 299 kayıtlı Suriyeli mülteci bulunmaktadır. Ülkemize yasal yollardan giriş yapan kayıtlı Suriyeli mültecilerin az bir kısmı önceden hazırlanan çadır kentlere yerleştirilirken büyük bir kısmı ise ülke geneline yayılmış ve sosyal hayata uyum sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Ülkemize akın eden Suriyeli mülteciler bazı sosyal, ekonomik ve toplumsal sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu sorunların en başında ise toplumsal hayata uyumun ilk şartı olan eğitim ve dil konusu gelmektedir. Örgün eğitim kapsamında olan öğrenciler devlet okullarına yerleştirilmiş, yaygın eğitim kapsamında olanlara ise kurslar vasıtasıyla okuma-yazma ve Türkçe öğretilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmalar da en büyük sorumlulukların yine öğretmenlerin omuzlarına yüklendiği görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada örgün eğitim kurumlarına yerleştirilen Suriyeli öğrencilerin eğitimleri ve okul yaşantıları sırasında karşılaşılan problemlere yönelik olarak öğretmen görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Araştırmanın amacı Suriyeli öğrencilerin eğitimleri ve okul yaşantıları hakkında öğretmenlerin görüşleri ışığında çeşitli değerlendirmelerde bulunarak çıkarımlar yapmak ve örgün eğitim kurumlarında yaşanan sıkıntıları belirlemeye çalışmaktır. Bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak uzman görüşüne başvurularak geliştirilen ve açık uçlu beş sorudan oluşan “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kayseri ili Yahyalı ilçesi Atatürk Ortaokulunda görev yapan farklı branşlardan on bir öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin Suriyeli öğrencilerin eğitimleri, okul yaşantıları, başarı durumları, arkadaşlarıyla ilişkileri ve Türk kültürüne uyum hususlarında yaşanılan çeşitli problemleri dile getirdikleri belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen görüşlerinden hareketle belirlenen problemlerin çözümüne katkı sağlamak amacıyla çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Bu çalışma Gümüşhane’de öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencilerinin Gümüşhane marka kent imajı ve kent marka değeri algılarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda okuyan 195 öğrenci ile birebir görüşmeler yapılarak anketler toplanmış, ilgili program aracılığıyla analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Kolmogorov-Smirnov normallik testi, Mannwhitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis H testinden yararlanılmıştır. Normal dağılım göstermeyen parametrik olmayan verilerin arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi için ise Spearman testinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerle Gümüşhane ilinin kent marka imajı ve kent marka değeri algıları açısından elde dilen sonuçlar değerlendirilerek öneriler sunulmuştur., This study was prepared to evaluate the perception of Gümüşhane brand urban image and urban brand value of university students studying in Gümüşhane in terms of various variables. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 195 students attending Gumushane University School of Physical Education and Sports, and questionnaires were collected and analyzes were conducted through the relevant program. Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test were used in the study. Spearman test was used to evaluate the relationship between nonparametric non-normal data. According to the analyzes, the results obtained in terms of urban brand image and urban brand value perceptions of Gümüşhane were evaluated and recommendations were made.

Amaç: Atriyal fibrilasyon, popülasyondaen sık görülen aritmidir ve prevalansı yaşla artar ayrıca en sıkrastlanılan morbidite ve mortalite oluşturan aritmidir. Genellikle persistanatriyal fibrilasyonun başlangıcı paroksismal atriyal fibrilasyonun (PAF)tekrarlayan bölümleridir. Paroksismal atriyal fibrilasyonun öngörülmesi, buaritminin önlenmesine ve dolayısıyla olumsuz sonuçların önlenmesine nedenolabilir. Bu çalışmada paroksismal atriyal fibrilasyonu öngörebilecek dokuDoppler görüntüleme (TDI) ve pik hızlanma süresi (pkAcc) parametreleriniaraştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yönetemler: 20-73 yaşları arasında (ortalama47,5) PAF tanısı almış 50 kişi ile hasta grubu oluşturuldu.. Hasta grubu ilebenzer temel demografik özelliklere sahip olan ve persistan veya PAF bulunmayan50 kişi ile kontrol grubu oluşturuldu.Tüm kontrol ve çalışma gruplarınatranstorasik ekokardiyografik (TTE) değerlendirme yapıldı. Doku Dopplerparametreleri ve pkAcc TTE'de ölçüldü ve istatistiksel analizler yapıldı.Bulgular: TTE değerlendirmesinde, hastagrubunda sol atriyum ejeksiyon fraksiyonu çalışma grubundan daha düşüktü (%50,6 vs.% 59,2, p, Aim: Atrialfibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in the population and its prevalanceincreases with age; and also is the most morbid and mortal arrhythmia. Usuallythe beginning of the persistant atrial fibrillation is recurrent episodes ofthe paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Prediction of the paroxysmal atrialfibrillation can cause prevention of this arrhythmia and thus prevention of theadverse outcomes. We aimed to investigate tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and peakacceleration time (pkAcc) parameters that can predict the paroxysmal atrialfibrillation in this study.Material and Methods: 20-73years old (mean 47,5) 50 individuals that are diagnosed with PAF included thepatient group. 50 individuals who have the similar baseline demographiccharasteristics with patient group and who have no persistant or PAF includedthe control group. Transthoracic echocardiogaphic (TTE) evaluation is appliedall of the control and study groups. Tissue Doppler parameters and pkAcc ismeasured in TTE and statistical analyses is performed. Results: InTTE evaluation, left atrium ejection fraction is lower in the patient groupthan the study group (%50,6 vs. %59,2, p

WOS: 000458593300004, PubMed: 30476633, …

Aim: In this study, the seroprevalence of IgM- and IgG- type antibodies against Toxoplasma, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Rubellavirus was investigated in pregnant women with routine controls performed by family physicians in the city center of Erzurum in atwo-year period. It was aimed to compare the obtained data with other studies conducted in our country and in the world. Materials and Methods: The specific results of IgM and IgG serology of Toxoplasma, CMV and rubella of 6798 pregnant womenperformed by family physicians in the city center of Erzurum between 01.01.2018 and 31.12.2019 were investigated and evaluatedaccording to different age groups in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The serum samples were studied using the Architecti2000 systems with the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) method in Erzurum Public Health MicrobiologyLaboratory. Results: The data of 6798 people between the ages of 15-50 were reached in our study. Toxoplasma, Rubella and CMV- (n = 6586)specific IgM antibody seropositivity rates were found as 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively, while Toxoplasma-, Rubella- and CMV-specific IgG antibody seropositivity rates were found as 20.9%, 88.3% and 99.2%, respectively. Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity rateswere determined to increase in parallel with increasing age. Rubella IgG seropositivity rates were decreasing in the 15-24, 25-34 and35-49 age groups, respectively. The lowest Toxoplasma IgM and CMV IgM seropositivity rates were found in the 35-49 age groups. Conclusions: The two-year seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, CMV and Rubella was determined in pregnant women in our region withthis study. Although these seroprevalence rates in Erzurum are generally compatible with other studies conducted in our country,Toxoplasma IgM and rubella IgG seropositivity rates were found to be lower compared to the overall incidence of our country.

The fusion process is the effect of a one-dimensional barrier penetration model that incorporates scattering potential as a combination of Coulomb and proximity potentials. Heavy-ion fusion reactions were performed with coupled-channel (CC) calculations. In heavy-ion fusion reactions, CC formalism is carried through the under-barrier energy. Here, fusion cross sections were calculated and investigated for the O-16+Ge-70,Ge-72,Ge-74,Ge-76, O-16+Sm-148,Sm-150,Sm-152,Sm-154, Ne-20+Zr-90,Zr-92,Zr-94,Zr-96, Ne-20+Sn-112,Sn-114,Sn-116,Sn-118,Sn-120, Si-28+Mo-90,Mo-96, Si-28+Mg-24,Mg-26, Si-28+Ni-58,Ni-64, Si-28+Zr-90,Zr-94,Zr-96, S-32+Zr-90,Zr-96, S-36+Pb-204,Pb-206,Pb-208,Pb-210, Ar-40+Hf-176,Hf-178,Hf-180 in the framework of CC calculations (CCFULL, NRV) and Wong's formula. Fusion cross sections were analyzed in detail by CC calculations considering 2(+) and 3(-) excitation modes for the projectile and the target. The calculated cross-section results were compared with the experimental data. The calculations were found to produce reliable data compared to experimental data. Fusion barrier distributions (D-fus) for all reactions have been investigated below and above the Coulomb barrier using the coupled-channel method with CCFULL, NRV codes and second derivative of Wong's formula. The harmony among these calculations was examined and it was determined that the models were in harmony with each other.

Deaths related with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have been decreased by the introduction of combined anti-retroviral therapy (ART) into the clinical practice. Combined ART usually consists of two nucleoside/nucleotide analogs reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) that is called backbone and a third drug that belongs to either non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors (PI), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) or entry inhibitors. During abacavir therapy which is a member of NRTI, hypersensitivity reactions can occur approximately 4-9% of the patients that lead difficulties for the management of HIV infections. It is known that, the development of hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B*57:01 allel, therefore, HLA-B*57:01 screening should be performed prior to abacavir use. Since there is no data on HLA-B*57:01 prevalence in HIV-1-infected cases in Turkey, this is the first study that screened HLA-B*57:01 allels among HIV-1 infected adults in Turkey. A total of 100 HIV-1-infected patients (81 male, 19 female; mean age: 42.31±11.97 years) who have admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology of Ondokuz Mayis University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey, were included in the study. Genomic DNAs were isolated from the blood samples of patients by using a commercial spin column procedure (QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit; QIAGEN GmbH, Germany). HLA-B*57:01 genotyping was performed by the method of sequence-specific primer (SSP)-based amplification using a commercial OlerupSSP® HLA-B*57:01 high-resolution test kit (Olerup SSP AB, Sweden) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The products of polymerase chain reaction were electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel stained with Olerup SSP GelRed dye (Olerup SSP AB, Sweden), and the bands were evaluated under UV light. In our study, three (2 male, 1 female) out of 100 patients were found positive for HLA-B*57:01 gene with a prevalence of 3%, which is a moderate level. Although the medical usefulness of HLA-B*57:01 screening before the abacavir therapy is emphasized, it was also noted that this application is not cost-effective for the populations with low HLA-B*57:01 prevalence, in contrast to populations with high prevalence. Considering of the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Turkey which is 0.12, the value and cost-effectiveness of HLA-B*57:01 screening in HIV-1 positive cases before abacavir therapy should be analysed by further studies.

WOS: 000374722700029, PubMed: 26164686, Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is an independent and strong risk factor for development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Electrophysiologic and electromechanical abnormalities are associated with a higher risk of AF. In this study we aimed to determine the correlation of atrial conduction abnormalities between the surface electrocardiographic and tissue Doppler echocardiographic measurements in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: A total of 88 consecutive T2DM patients and 49 age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched healthy volunteers were included in the present study. Baseline characteristics were recorded and 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, transthoracic echocardiography, and 12-lead surface electrocardiography were performed for all study participants. Atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) intervals were measured. Results: Maximum P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion (Pd) were significantly higher in patients with T2DM (105.7 +/- 10.2 ms vs. 102.2 +/- 7.5 ms, p = 0.02; 40.6 +/- 7.6 ms vs. 33.6 +/- 5.9 ms, p < 0.001, respectively). Interatrial, intraatrial, and intraleft atrial EMD were significantly higher in the T2DM patients when compared with the controls (16.5 +/- 7.8 ms vs.11.2 +/- 4.4 ms, p < 0.001; 9.0 +/- 7.3 ms vs. 6.0 +/- 3.8 ms, p = 0.002, and 7.4 +/- 5.2 ms vs. 5.1 +/- 3.2 ms, p = 0.002 respectively). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between interatrial EMD and Pd (r = 0.429, p < 0.001) and left atrial volume (r = 0.428,p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, there was significant EMD and Pd in patients with T2DM as compared with healthy volunteers. Additionally, interatrial EMD was correlated with Pd and left atrial volume index. (C) 2015 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

BAYDIN, AHMET/0000-0003-4987-0878 WOS: 000393517800005 PubMed: 27239621 Introduction: We aimed to investigate the demographical features, anxiety levels and clinical findings of the patients admitted to our Emergency department (ED) due to chest pain. Methods: Patients with chest pain older than 18 years were included into the study. Demographical features such as age, sex and education level, initial diagnosis in the ED, whether they were hospitalized or coronary intervention performed, were recorded. To determine the anxiety levels of the patients, State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was performed. Results: Two-hundred and eight adult patients with chest pain were included into the study. We could not determine a relationship between STAI levels of patients according to demographical findings, however, STAI scores tended to decrease by age. Considering the education levels of the patients, it was determined that STAI scores of university graduates were higher than others. The STAI scores of patients discharged from the ED were higher than those hospitalized. When patients were compared according to whether coronary intervention (CI) was performed or not, it was determined that patients who did not require CI had higher STAI scores. When coronary lesion localization of the patients hospitalized was investigated, any relationship could not be determined. Conclusion: In this study, we determined that anxiety levels of the patients with chest pain do not correlate with the severity of the disease. Higher anxiety levels of patients discharged from ED when compared to those with ACS is a challenging problem for both ED physicians and cardiologists. Copyright (C) 2016 The Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Owner.

Adipose tissue (AT) regulatory T Cells (Tregs) play a key role in regulating inflammatory and metabolic responses. Obesity is associated with a decrease in AT Tregs as well as an increase in tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in both humans and mice. We hypothesize that, in addition to the decrease in AT Treg number, there is a dysfunctional Treg phenotype caused by the increased inflammatory state within obese AT. We isolated Tregs from AT and peripheral blood(PB) from lean and obese individuals. Real-time PCR analysis was used to measure the expression of several known markers for T cell exhaustion. Protein expression of each marker was validated using FACS analysis. When compared to PB, there was a significant increase in PD-1 expression on AT Tregs. PD-1 and TIGIT were increased in Tregs isolated from obese vs. lean individuals, while CD127 expression was reduced. To determine if PD-1 expression correlates with Treg dysfunction, isolated AT and PB Tregs were added to CFSE-labeled PBMC. After 4 days culture, PB Tregs significantly inhibited proliferation but there was less suppression by AT Tregs. RNAseq analyses of PD-1 high vs. PD-1 negative AT and PB Tregs revealed a unique expression phenotype within AT Tregs. AT PD-1 high Tregs express altered metabolic and inflammatory pathways promoting loss of Tregs and increased inflammation. These data suggest that Treg exhaustion may explain the decreased Treg abundance in AT of obese individuals, which has important metabolic implications. (Partially supported by Foods for Health, a focus area of the Discovery Themes Initiative at The Ohio State University)

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the anti-HAV IgG and Anti-HAV IgM seropositivity in children aged 0-18 in Erzurum with studies in our country and other countries, and also to evaluate the effect of seasons on hepatitis A infection.Material and Methods: The study was conducted on the serum samples of 5086 patients aged 0-18 years, who were considered to have Hepatitis A or who applied with different complaints as a result of the examination of family physicians in Erzurum between 2015 and 2018. The results of these patients, obtained from Anti-HAV IgM and Anti-HAV IgG analysis by ELISA method in the Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, were evaluated retrospectively. Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the categorical data such as gender, age and seasonal differences in anti-HAV IgM and Anti-HAV IgG positivity rates and p 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Anti-HAV IgG seropositivity was 69.0% (3510/5086) and Anti-HAV IgM positivity was 0.7% (33/5063). Anti-HAV IgM was positive in 1.1% of girls and 0.1% of boys. Anti-HAV IgG positivity was 89.9%, 83.3%, 62.5% 61.9% and 74.5% in the 0-3 age group, 4-7 age group, 8-11 age group, 12-15 age group and 16-18 age groups, respectively. Anti-HAV IgM positivity was 0, 0.2%, 0.2%, 1.0%, 0.9% in the 0-3 age group, 4-7 age group, 8-11 age group, 12-15 age group and 16-18 age groups, respectively. The highest anti-HAV IgM positivity was found in November (1.7%).Conclusion: Total anti-HAV IgG seropositivity rate in our province showed many similarities with studies in Turkey and developing countries. The prevalence of anti-HAV IgM was the highest in November.