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Introducción: El síncope es una manifestación clínica que ha conllevado a confusiones en su concepción y terminología, presenta elevada incidencia en servicios de urgencia, tiene impacto negativo en la calidad de vida y con frecuencia se asocia a enfermedades de alta letalidad. Objetivo: Revisar la definición, etiología, diagnóstico e investigación causal del síncope. Método: Se hizo una búsqueda en las bases de datos de literatura biomédica de Medigraphic y Pubmed, con intervalo entre 2013 a 2023. La revisión se realizó entre diciembre de 2022 a noviembre de 2023. Desarrollo: El síncope integra el espectro de las pérdidas transitorias de conciencia y se define por obedecer a una hipoperfusión cerebral global autolimitada. Se distingue clínicamente por su instalación rápida, precedida típicamente por pródromos, pérdida del tono muscular voluntario con caída y recuperación rápida, espontánea y completa de la conciencia que hace pertinente se califique de síndrome sincopal. Sus causas permiten clasificarlo en neuromediado, ortostático y cardiogénico. Conclusiones: El síncope consiste en la pérdida de conciencia transitoria global autolimitada, originada por hipoperfusión cerebral. Es un síndrome integrado por cinco elementos claves: reducción crítica del flujo sanguíneo cerebral, instalación rápida y con frecuencia precedida por pródromos, pérdida total de la conciencia (rasgo que lo distingue del presíncope), pérdida del tono muscular voluntario con caída, recuperación rápida y completa. Palabras clave: síncope, pérdida transitoria de conciencia

Introduction: The term syndrome has been used interchangeably with disease, if it corresponds to a single nosological entity, in diagnostic discussions, and in some texts, in bronchial conditions such as acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and especially bronchial asthma. Objective: To clarify the meaning of bronchial syndrome and its variants according to the medical diagnosis. Method: Qualitative research by means of a review of Semiology books and other texts related to the bronchial syndrome and the main conditions in which it manifests itself. Results: There is terminological ambiguity regarding bronchial syndrome and its variants, and some books do not even include them among the respiratory syndromes. In some texts, bronchial disorders are defined as syndromes while in other texts they are defined as nosological entities: acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and bronchiectasis. The use of bronchial syndrome is proposed, which according to the prevailing etiopathogenesis, will exhibit greater diagnostic specificity in two major sub-syndromes: the bronchitic and the obstructive bronchial. Conclusions: Bronchial syndrome expresses an affection of the bronchial tree with two major sub-syndromes of greater diagnostic specificity: the bronchitic (acute or chronic) and the obstructive bronchial (diffuse - bronchospastic or bronchostenotic - or localized). Cough and expectoration predominate in the former and dyspnea in the latter, both with hoarse, wheezing and with subcrepitant rales. To consider bronchial asthma as a syndrome or disease is a matter of focus. Defining bronchiectasis as a syndrome requires the presence of the imaging sign: bronchial dilatation. The upper airway obstructive syndrome is a syndromic entity with its own characteristics.

Abstract Interactions between membranes and biomolecular condensates can give rise to complex phenomena such as wetting transitions, mutual remodeling, and endocytosis. In this study, light‐triggered manipulation of condensate engulfment is demonstrated using giant vesicles containing photoswitchable lipids. UV irradiation increases the membrane area, which can be stored in nanotubes. When in contact with a condensate droplet, the UV light triggers rapid condensate endocytosis, which can be reverted by blue light. The affinity of the protein‐rich condensates to the membrane and the reversibility of the engulfment processes is quantified from confocal microscopy images. The degree of photo‐induced engulfment, whether partial or complete, depends on the vesicle excess area and the relative sizes of vesicles and condensates. Theoretical estimates suggest that utilizing the light‐induced excess area to increase the vesicle‐condensate adhesion interface is energetically more favorable than the energy gain from folding the membrane into invaginations and tubes. The overall findings demonstrate that membrane‐condensate interactions can be easily and quickly modulated via light, providing a versatile system for building platforms to control cellular events and design intelligent drug delivery systems for cell repair.

Voltage-gated ion channels are essential for membrane potential maintenance, homeostasis, electrical signal production and controlling the Ca2+ flow through the membrane. Among all ion channels, the key regulators of neuronal excitability are the voltage-gated potassium channels (KV), the largest family of K+ channels. Due to the ROS high levels in the aging brain, K+ channels might be affected by oxidative agents and be key in aging and neurodegeneration processes. This review provides new insight about channelopathies in the most studied neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington Disease or Spinocerebellar Ataxia. The main affected KV channels in these neurodegenerative diseases are the KV1, KV2.1, KV3, KV4 and KV7. Moreover, in order to prevent or repair the development of these neurodegenerative diseases, previous KV channel modulators have been proposed as therapeutic targets.

The significant presence that many-core devices like GPUs have these days, and their enormous computational power, motivates the study of sparse matrix operations in this hardware. The essential sparse kernels in scientific computing, such as the sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV), usually have many different high-performance GPU implementations. Sparse matrix problems typically imply memory-bound operations, and this characteristic is particularly limiting in massively parallel processors. This work revisits the main ideas about reducing the volume of data required by sparse storage formats and advances in understanding some compression techniques. In particular, we study the use of index compression combined with sparse matrix reordering techniques in CSR and explore other approaches using a blocked format. The systematic experimental evaluation on a large set of real-world matrices confirms that this approach achieves meaningful data storage reductions. Additionally, we find promising results of the impact of the storage reduction on the execution time when using accelerators to perform the mathematical kernels.

Advanced chronic respiratory diseases are prevalent and cause deterioration in quality of life, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diffuse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and progressive neuromuscular diseases with diaphragmatic involvement (NMD). Those who suffer from them usually present persistent symptoms that are not always adequately controlled by the treatments recommended by the clinical management guidelines. Palliative treatment of persistent symptoms is a relevant point, but the palliative approach usually presents barriers to its implementation. This article offers a narrative review over Latin American perspective on the role of palliative care in advanced respiratory diseases.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P

Abstract WRF wind forecasts from four operative schemes used by OHMC (Observatorio HidroMeteorológico de Córdoba), a test scheme (WRF-E) and two daily runs with 4 km horizontal resolution were analyzed. Wind simulations were compared with measurements from eight ground stations with anemometers at 10 m high during the period from June, 2019 to June, 2020. WRF-E incorporates more vertical levels, and an activated topo_wind option. The wind speed results show that WRF overestimates wind speed at most stations and the WRF-E model reduces the BIAS and the RMSE when compared with the operational models. The wind direction analysis shows that the higher the wind speed is, the more accurate the models are. In addition, a wind gust forecasting has been implemented and evaluated in this work. Wind gust correlation coefficient values are between 0.3 and 0.6, RMSE is between 3 and 5 m/s, and a positive BIAS(

High fat diets have been used as complementary treatments for seizure disorders for more than a century. Moreover, many fatty acids and derivatives, including the broad-spectrum antiseizure medication valproic acid, have been explored and used as pharmacological agents to treat epilepsy. In this work, we have explored the anticonvulsant potential of a large library of fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, the LIPID MAPS Structure Database, using structure-based virtual screening to assess their ability to block the voltage-gated sodium channel 1.2 (NaV1.2), a validated target for antiseizure medications. Four of the resulting in silico hits were submitted for experimental confirmation using in vitro patch clamp experiments, and their protective role was evaluated in an acute mice seizure model, the Maximal Electroshock seizure model. These four compounds were found to protect mice against seizures. Two of them exhibited blocking effects on NaV1.2, CaV2.2, and CaV3.1.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in relation to the female athlete, especially in widespread disciplines such as football. Concerns about vitamin D deficiency status have recently been considered due to its effects on the performance and health status of female footballers. However, its relationship to body composition and muscle damage in female football athletes remains unclear to date. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the association of the vitamin D status of Spanish elite female football players with anthropometric variables and markers of muscle damage. Ethical consent was obtained from a total of 21 players from a Spanish elite women’s football team (20–33 years). Anthropometric analysis was carried out according to the standardised protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kineanthropometry (ISAK). The clinical analyses, based on urine and blood samples, were carried out by the club’s medical staff at the start of the season in the early morning in a fasting state. The athletes were also asked about the regularity of their menstrual cycle and some dietary habits. Thirty-three percent of the female athletes had vitamin D levels below the reference values. Significantly higher FM values were observed in athletes with low vitamin D status (p < 0.05), as well as statistically significant negative correlations between vitamin D levels and FM (p < 0.05) in the group of female players with vitamin D levels below the baseline values. No significant associations were observed between markers of muscle damage and the other variables. Complementing an assessment of body composition with a biochemical analysis of vitamin D levels may be an interesting strategy in the process of monitoring the elite female football player throughout the season.

Stroke constitutes a significant public health concern due to its impact on mortality and morbidity. This study investigates the utility of machine learning algorithms in predicting stroke and identifying key risk factors using data from the Suita study, comprising 7389 participants and 53 variables. Initially, unsupervised k-prototype clustering categorized participants into risk clusters, while five supervised models including Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosted Machine (LightGBM) were employed to predict stroke outcomes. Stroke incidence disparities among identified risk clusters using the unsupervised k-prototype clustering method are substantial, according to the findings. Supervised learning, particularly RF, was a preferable option because of the higher levels of performance metrics. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method identified age, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, metabolic syndrome, and blood glucose level as key predictors of stroke, aligning with findings from the unsupervised clustering approach in high-risk groups. Additionally, previously unidentified risk factors such as elbow joint thickness, fructosamine, hemoglobin, and calcium level demonstrate potential for stroke prediction. In conclusion, machine learning facilitated accurate stroke risk predictions and highlighted potential biomarkers, offering a data-driven framework for risk assessment and biomarker discovery.

Abstract Membrane wetting by biomolecular condensates recently emerged as a key phenomenon in cell biology, playing an important role in a diverse range of processes across different organisms. However, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind condensate formation and interaction with lipid membranes is still missing. To study this, we exploited the properties of the dyes ACDAN and LAURDAN as nano-environmental sensors in combination with phasor analysis of hyperspectral and lifetime imaging microscopy. Using glycinin as a model condensate-forming protein and giant vesicles as model membranes, we obtained vital information on the process of condensate formation and membrane wetting. Our results reveal that glycinin condensates display differences in water dynamics when changing the salinity of the medium as a consequence of rearrangements in the secondary structure of the protein. Remarkably, analysis of membrane-condensates interaction with protein as well as polymer condensates indicated a correlation between increased wetting affinity and enhanced lipid packing. This is demonstrated by a decrease in the dipolar relaxation of water across all membrane-condensate systems, suggesting a general mechanism to tune membrane packing by condensate wetting.

RESUMENLa interceptación de la precipitación por la cubierta vegetal es uno de los principales componentes del balance hídrico en los sistemas forestales. Este trabajo describe el diseño de instalaciones de medición y registro de redistribución de precipitación y presenta información de siete parcelas experimentales ubicadas en plantaciones de Eucalyptus de Uruguay. Los resultados muestran que la fracción de precipitación que es interceptada por el dosel forestal de primera rotación o de replantación varía entre 14 y 30% de la precipitación total, mientras que en la plantación sin manejo de rebrote se alcanza el valor máximo de 50%. La precipitación neta que alcanza al suelo se compone principalmente de precipitación directa y en menor medida de escurrimiento fustal (42–80% y 2–8% respectivamente). Mediante regresión lineal múltiple y prueba de análisis de varianza (ANOVA) se identificó dependencia significativa (p-valor < 0.01) de la interceptación con la especie, edad y densidad de plantación. La información local obtenida es fundamental para la cuantificación del proceso de redistribución de la lluvia en plantaciones forestales de rápido crecimiento, bajo clima templado húmedo y su análisis resulta relevante para la modelación numérica de este proceso.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the evidence regarding the indications for placement of zygomatic implants to rehabilitate edentulous maxillae. Material and methods A focused question using the PIO format was developed, questioning “in patients in need of an implant-supported rehabilitation of the edentulous maxillae, what are the indications for the use of zygomatic implants’’. The primary information analyzed and collected was a clear description of the indication for the use of zygomatic implants. Results A total of 1266 records were identified through database searching. The full-text review was conducted for 117 papers, and 10 were selected to be included in this review. Zygomatic implant indications were extreme bone atrophy or deficiency secondary to different factors. The quad zygoma concept (two zygomatic implants bilaterally placed and splinted) was applied to 107 patients, the classic zygoma concept (one zygomatic implant bilaterally placed and splinted to standard anterior implants) was used in 88 patients, and the unilateral concept (one zygomatic implant on one side, splinted with one or more conventional implants) was employed in 14 patients. Conclusions The main indication for the use of zygomatic implants was considered extreme maxillary bone atrophy, resulting from many factors. The clear definition of what was considered “extreme bone atrophy” is not uniquely defined in each paper. Further studies are needed to develop clear indications for zygomatic implants. Graphic Abstract

Abstract L‐shape N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) based on the imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine (ImPy) scaffold have recently gained considerable interest as the true carbene ligand analogues of the popular dialkylbiarylphosphines, better known as Buchwald phosphines. Nevertheless, the substitution pattern of ImPy ligands is still rather limited due to synthetic access issues. We report herein an efficient and versatile visible light photocatalytic strategy to access L‐shape bifunctional ImPy ligands laterally‐functionalized by a phenol group. Mechanistic investigations supported by density functional theory (DFT) reveal that the excited state of the iridium photocatalyst undergoes either a reductive quenching (SET process) or an energy‐transfer quenching (EnT process) depending on the nature of the counterion of the 5‐bromoimidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium substrate salt. Moreover, the bifunctional character of these new family of L‐shape ImPy ligands is demonstrated by the preparation of a gold(I) complex exhibiting a free OH function capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This work highlights the advantage of visible light photocatalysis in the synthesis of advanced NHC ligand structures, a strategy that has not yet been considered despite its potential benefits in terms of versatility, diversity and practicability.

Cluster headache (CH) is one of the worst primary headaches that remain underdiagnosed and inappropriately treated. There are recent advances in the understanding of this disease and available treatments. This paper aims to review CH's recent clinical and pathophysiological findings, diagnosis, and treatment. We performed a narrative literature review on the socio-demographics, clinical presentations, pathophysiological findings, and diagnosis and treatment of CH. CH affects 0.1% of the population with an incidence of 2.07–9.8/100,00 person-years-habitants, a mean prevalence of 53/100,000 inhabitants (3–150/100,000 inhabitants). The male-to-female ratio remains inconclusive, as the ratio of 4.3:1 has recently been modified to 1.3–2.6, possibly due to previous misdiagnosis in women. Episodic presentation is the most frequent (80%). It is a polygenetic and multifactorial entity that involves dysfunction of the trigeminovascular system, the trigeminal autonomic reflex, and the hypothalamic networks. An MRI of the brain is mandatory to exclude secondary etiologies. There are effective and safe pharmacological treatments oxygen, sphenopalatine, and great occipital nerve block, with the heterogeneity of clinical trial designs for patients with CH divided into acute, transitional, or bridge treatment (prednisone) and preventive interventions. In conclusion, CH remains underdiagnosed, mainly due to a lack of awareness within the medical community, frequently causing a long delay in reaching a final diagnosis. Recent advances in understanding the principal risk factors and underlying pathophysiology exist. There are new therapeutic possibilities that are effective for CH. Indeed, a better understanding of this challenging pathology will continue to be a subject of research, study, and discoveries in its diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Background Neurological disorders as a risk factor for Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) are not well characterized. The aim of the study was to evaluate TTS‐associated neurological phenotypes and outcome. Methods and Results Patients with TTS enrolled in the international multicenter GEIST (German Italian Spanish Takotsubo) registry were analyzed. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients with TTS were recorded. A subgroup analysis of the 5 most represented neurological disorders was performed. In total, 400 (17%) of 2301 patients had neurological disorders. The most represented neurological conditions were previous cerebrovascular events (39%), followed by neurodegenerative disorders (30.7%), migraine (10%), epilepsy (9.5%), and brain tumors (5%). During hospitalization, patients with neurological disorders had longer in‐hospital stay (8 [interquartile range, 5–12] versus 6 [interquartile range, 5–9] days; P

BackgroundIt is unclear what biopsychosocial factors influence the impact of NAFLD on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and if these factors are equally important predictors between different nationalities.MethodsHRQoL (CLDQ) was measured in both Southern European (Spain, n = 513) and Northern European (United Kingdom -UK-, n = 224) cohorts of patients with NAFLD in this cross-sectional study. For each cohort, participant data were recorded on histological grade of steatohepatitis, stage of fibrosis and biopsychosocial variables. Regression analysis was used to explore which of these variables predicted HRQoL. Moderated mediation models were conducted using SPSS PROCESS v3.5 macro.ResultsParticipants with severe fibrosis reported more fatigue, systemic symptoms and worry, and lower HRQoL than those with none/mild fibrosis, regardless of place of origin. In addition, body mass index (BMI) and gender were found to be significant predictors of HRQoL in both Spanish and UK participants. Female gender was associated with worse emotional function, higher BMI and more fatigue, which predicted lower participants' HRQoL. UK participants showed more systemic symptoms and worry than Spanish participants, regardless of liver severity. The negative effects of gender on HRQoL through emotional function, BMI and fatigue were reported to a greater degree in UK than in Spanish participants.ConclusionsUK participants showed a greater impairment in HRQoL as compared to Spanish participants. Higher fibrosis stage predicted lower HRQoL, mainly in the Spanish cohort. Factors such as female gender or higher BMI contributed to the impact on HRQoL in both cohorts of patients and should be considered in future multinational intervention studies in NAFLD.

Aim of study: To calculate Cd concentration in cocoa plants and evaluate its relationship with available Cd and other soil properties. Area of study: Almirante, Bocas del Toro province, Panama, in 2020-2021. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 21 plots of eight cocoa-producing farms. The total area of each sampled plot was 300 m2. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 30 cm, and samples of the leaves and fruits of cocoa trees were also taken. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were carried out for soil variables and Cd in plants. The relationship between bioavailable Cd and soil physicochemical variables and between soil variables and Cd in plants was evaluated. Multiple linear regression was performed using the backward selection method. Main results: The pH was acidic (5.1) and the organic matter content of the soil was greater than 3%, suitable for immobilizing Cd from the soil. Total and bioavailable Cd averaged 0.10 mg kg-1 and 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The Cd levels in cocoa leaves exceeded the recommended levels of 0.5 mg kg-1. The Cd concentration in the cocoa bean was low (0.25 mg kg-1). Research highlights: The levels of bioavailable Cd found do not exceed the United States Environment Agency toxic limits in soil. The level of Cd found in the cocoa bean is below the limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 which is taken as a reference for chocolate, with total dry matter content ≥ 50% of the CODEX Alimentarius.

Introduction Neglected diseases are a significant global health challenge. Encouraging the development of therapeutics and vaccines for these diseases would address an important unmet medical need. We propose a priority review voucher programme for the European Union (EU). The developer of a drug or vaccine for a neglected disease would receive a voucher for accelerated assessment of a different product at the European Medicines Agency (EMA).Methods This study uses retrospective observational data to estimate the potential commercial value of the proposed voucher programme using a five-step approach: (1) estimating the time saved in the EMA accelerated regulatory review; (2) gauging time reductions in accelerated pricing and reimbursement decisions by EU member states; (3) selecting 10 high-revenue products launched between 2015 and 2020 representing typical voucher users; (4) analysing IQVIA MIDAS sales data for the selected products and (5) calculating the net present value (NPV) of the voucher based on the 10 products.Results The accelerated EMA review would reduce regulatory time by an average of 182 days. Additionally, products could save more than a year in many member states through an expedited 120-day pricing and reimbursement review. The estimated NPV of regulatory acceleration by two quarters would be €100 million. In addition, if France, Italy and Spain reviewed pricing and reimbursement in only 120 days, then the value would double.Conclusion An EU voucher estimated at more than €100 million, coupled with a US$100 million counterpart, offers a meaningful incentive for novel product development. However, the voucher programme should be part of a comprehensive strategy for tackling neglected diseases, rather than a standalone solution.

Abstract Introduction: Teledermatology is the application of new technologies for the care of skin diseases. Its application in prisons allows the diagnosis and treatment of prisoners without the need to transfer them to the hospital, avoiding the problems associated with travel. Material and method: The objective of this work is to analyze the usefulness of teledermatology in prisons, through a retrospective observational study in the Castellón II-Albocàsser penitentiary. Results: The study sample consisted of 37 patients and 43 interconsultations. All the consultations corresponded to men, with a mean age of 42.43 years. 95.3% of the consultations were asynchronous and in 86% of them a diagnosis and a complete treatment plan were established. Only 18.6% of the consultations required a face-to-face consultation. Discussion: It is concluded that teledermatology in prisons is effective in the care and resolution of dermatological problems.

Introduction Complete and accurate data on smoking prevalence at a local level would enable health authorities to plan context-dependent smoking interventions. However, national health surveys do not generally provide direct estimates of smoking prevalence by sex and age groups at the subnational level. This study uses a small-area model-based methodology to obtain precise estimations of smoking prevalence by sex, age group and region, from a population-based survey. Methods The areas targeted for analysis consisted of 180 groups based on a combination of sex, age group (15–34, 35–54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years), and Autonomous Region. Data on tobacco use came from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (2017 SNHS). In each of the 180 groups, we estimated the prevalence of smokers (S), ex-smokers (ExS) and never smokers (NS), as well as their coefficients of variation (CV), using a weighted ratio estimator (direct estimator) and a multinomial logistic model with random area effects. Results When smoking prevalence was estimated using the small-area model, the precision of direct estimates improved; the CV of S and ExS decreased on average by 26%, and those of NS by 25%. The range of S prevalence was 11–46% in men and 4–37% in women, excluding the group aged ≥75 years. Conclusions This study proposes a methodology for obtaining reliable estimates of smoking prevalence in groups or areas not covered in the survey design. The model applied is a good alternative for enhancing the precision of estimates at a detailed level, at a much lower cost than that involved in conducting large-scale surveys. This method could be easily integrated into routine data processing of population health surveys. Having such estimates directly after completing a health survey would help characterize the tobacco epidemic and/or any other risk factor more precisely.

The Archbishop’s Palace of Seville harbours an important art collection with mostly works by great Renaissance and Baroque artists. However, the authorship of some paintings is unknown, and, in a few cases, there is an interest in discovering the painter due to the quality of the artwork. As a first step for this purpose, a systematic analysis procedure has been established using non-destructive techniques, such as UV photography and IR reflectography, to locate interventions and underpaintings, as well as X-ray fluorescence to identify original pigments and those of later interventions. The study following this established protocol is presented with the example of two paintings by unknown authors. They were made in different centuries representing, consequently, different styles. UV images showed several retouches, while IR reflectography revealed under-drawing and composition corrections (pentimenti). Furthermore, XRF identified the pigments applied in the production of the different colours and tonalities, allowing to characterise the artist’s palette, whose pigments generally agree with the dates when the artworks were produced. This study resulted in valuable information on painting materials and techniques, which will be useful in the search for authorships, among others.