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A story from the scarcely documented Kawesqar oral literature. This third part presents the glossed Kawesqar text and its Spanish literal translation with the source language order of words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes Kawesqar narrative discourse from the discourse grammar perspective. Sentence types occurring in both non-hybrid like anecdotic, historical and travelogues, and hybrid discourses like the combinations of declarative-narrative, autobiographic-anecdotic, anecdotic-travelogue, historical process and historical-travelogue discourses, are taken into account.

Summary. Forty children (20 boys and 20 girls) aged 8-16 years with no previous experience of dental visits were included in the study. Three psychological variables were determined: anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Children), personality (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Junior) and intelligence (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children). The relationship between personality and intelligence factors and the levels of anxiety at the beginning of the first dental visit (before treatment) and at the end of the third visit (after treatment) were determined. There was no significant relationship between levels of dental anxiety and age. Dental anxiety both before and after treatment was higher among the girls than among the boys. Children with high intelligence quotients showed less dental anxiety at their first dental visit. There was no relationship between the children's anxiety and their own personality variables. Résumé. La peur du dentiste chez l'enfant: influence de l'intelligence et de la personnalité Quarante enfants (20 garçons et vingt filles) âgés de 8-16 ans, qui n'avaient jamais eu de soins dentaires, ont été étudiés. Trois variables psychologiques ont été déterminées à l'aide de tests: l'anxiété (inventaire des symptômes d'anxiété chez l'enfant), la personnalité (questionnaire d'Eysenck de personnalité pour jeunes) et intelligence (échelle d'intelligence de Wechsler pour enfants). Les relations entre la personnalité et l'intelligence et le niveau d'anxiété, au début de la première consultation (avant traitement) et à la fin de la troisième consultation (après traitement) on été notées. Il n'y avait pas de relation significative entre le niveau d' anxiété et l'âge. l'anxiété dentaire, avant et après traitement, était plus élevée chez les filles que chez les garçons. Les enfants, dont le quotient intellectuel était élevé, souffraient moins d'anxiété dentaire lors de la première consultation. Il n'y avait pas de relation significative entre l'anxiété des enfants et les variables de leur personnalité. Zusammenfassung. Kinder Angst vor den Zahnartzt: Der Einfluss der Intelligenz und Personalität Anhand von allgemein anerkannten Instrumenten wurden Kinder (20 Jungen und 20 Mädchen) im Alter zwischen 8 und 16 Jahren untersucht, die zuvor noch keine zahnärztliche Praxis besucht hatten. Es wurden die folgenden psychologischen Variablen analisiert: Ängstlichkeit (Test STAIC), Persönlichkeit (Test EPQ-J) und Intelligenz (Test WISC). Zwischen diesen psychologischen Factoren und der Ausprägung der Ängstlichkeit wurde eine Beziehung vor und nach unterschiedliechen zahnärztlichen Behandlungen hergestellt. Es besteht keine Beziehung zwischen der Ausprägung der Ängstliichekeit und dem Alter. Offensichtlich geben Kinder mit hohem Intelligenzkoefizient weniger Ängstlichkeit bei ihrem ersten zahnärztlichen Besuch Zu erkennen als diejenigen mit niedrigem Koefizient. Die Ängslichkeit vor dem Zahnarzt ist in der Gruppe der Mädchen höher ausgeprägt als bei den Jungen. Es kann keine Beziehung hergestellt werden zwischen der Ängstglichkeit der Kinder und der Variablen, die die eigene Persönlichkeit bestimmen. Resumen. Ansiedad dental en niños: influencia de los factores personalidad e inteligencia Se estudiaron 40 niños (20 varones y 20 hembras) de 8-16 años de adad sin visitas previas al consultorio dental. Se analizaron las siguientes variables psicológicas: ansiedad (test STAIC: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Children), personalidad (test EPQ-J: Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Junior), e inteligencia (test de WISC: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children). No se detectó relación entre estos factores psicológicos y los niveles de ansiedad y la edad. La ansiedad fue mayor en las niñas que en los niños. Los niños con alto coeficiente intelectual manifestaron menos ansiedad en su primera visia dental que aquellos con dicho coeficiente más bajo. No se encontró relación entre la ansiedad de los niños y la variables que determinan su propia personalidad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instruments which are designed to measure multiple gases are widely used across several industries with a common focus on environmental gas sampling. Reliable instrumentation and gas sensors are therefore vital for the monitoring of air quality in cities and in more challenging scenarios, for example volcanic gas release. However, such instrumentation is commonly expensive and can be difficult to deploy, meaning that large instrument networks - needed to assess spatial air quality differences - is inhibitive. A bespoke do-it-yourself approach can therefore be beneficial. Here, we detail a new instrument, the PiGas, which is modelled on the successful "Multi-GAS" technique (Shinohara, 2005; Aiuppa et al. 2005) for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO 2), sulphur dioxide (SO 2), hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), and water vapour (H 2 O). Indeed, CO 2 is a common gas of interest yet its measurement at high accuracy can be expensive. We demonstrate a cost reduction to <£500 by adapting parts used from non-air sampling specific industries and through use of a lower-cost and lower-power requirement CO 2 sensor (the CozIR A-H). We demonstrate the versatility of the PiGas for monitoring indoor and outdoor air quality as a diffuse and pumped sensor. We also test the instrument in two extreme volcanic environments at the high altitude Alitar and Volcán Lastarria (Chile). Overall, the instrumentation shows potential for more widespread co-ordinated use to improve spatial sampling distributions in low concentration scenarios as a supplement to higher accuracy and higher precision instruments in volcanic environments. • We present findings a new low-cost gas sampling instrument called the PiGas, based around the Raspberry Pi. • We demonstrate usage in air quality scenarios for carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, and water vapour. • We investigate the utility of a lower precision carbon dioxide sensor. • We test the PiGas in a hostile volcanic environment at Alitar and Lastarria, northern Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compilation of water, sediment, rock, and condensed gas data of arsenic (As) in the Altiplano-Puna of Chile reveals a link between its natural enrichment and volcanic activity, high crustal thicknesses, and regional structures. Two zones were studied which encompass the Altiplano-Puna and western lowlands of Chile: the Northern Zone (including Los Pintados, Surire, and Huasco) and Southern Zone (including Pedernales, Grande, and Laguna Verde). A positive correlation was found between average As concentrations in saline and brackish water of salt flats and crustal thicknesses of the two studied zones with heightened values to the east (up to 25 mg∙L−1 of dissolved As in water and a 64 km depth to the Mohorovicic discontinuity). Furthermore, in the studied Altiplano-Puna salt flats, surrounding Mio-Pliocene to Quaternary felsic and intermediate volcanic outcrops are abundant and As is well correlated with other dissolved components (e.g. Li and B). Sediments show extreme As values at punctual locations within the Altiplano-Puna, where the crust is thick, recent volcanic and hydrothermal activity is present, and regional faults are found. Volcanic rocks and condensed gas in the Altiplano-Puna are also enriched with As (up to 221 and 1234 mg∙kg−1 respectively). In this tectonic environment, it is hypothesized that volcanism represents an important source of As and the thick continental crust can provide a large reservoir of As that can be leached by rising thermal fluids. Regional scale fault systems also can allow for preferential upwelling and the heightened concentration of As in fractures. Hydrological processes at the surface transport dissolved As to lower elevation regions through groundwater in aquifers and surface water in perennial rivers, creeks, and gorges, diluting element concentrations where significant evapoconcentration is not present. Image 1 • Naturally enriched arsenic was studied in an active subduction zone. • This work integrated arsenic data from water, sediments, rocks, and condensed gas. • High arsenic is associated with young felsic-intermediate volcanic outcrops. • The thick continental crust is correlated with increased arsenic in the studied media. • Anomalous arsenic concentrations are also associated with regional fault zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andean cordillera (CVZ), thickening of the continental crust during the last 30 Ma led to the production of increasingly differentiated magmas. Better constrain on the interactions between ascending magmas and the thick continental crust are needed to understand the contamination processes and their implications on the geochemical diversity of arc magmas. Lascar volcano figures among the most active Quaternary volcano of the CVZ and yet geochemical studies on its volcanic products remain scarce. We lead major-, trace elements and Pb–Sr isotopes measurements on 10 new Lascar samples representative of the different petrologic types (andesitic to dacitic). 206Pb/204Pb (18.770–18.823), 207Pb/204Pb (15.636–15.655), 208Pb/204Pb (38.711–38.809) and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios (0.705731–0.706564) show small variations within the previously defined isotopic field of Lascar. In Pb–Sr or Pb–Pb isotope space, the data points show a triangular distribution that requires the contribution of at least three end-member components at the source of Lascar magmas. We built up a two-stages three-components assimilation fractional crystallization model (AFC) that reproduces the compositional range of Lascar magmas. It allows us to constrain the composition and nature of the three end-member components: (BA) a common mantellic source with low 87Sr/86Sr (<0.70575), low 206Pb/204Pb (<18.768), 207Pb/204Pb (<15.637) and 208Pb/204Pb (<38.711), (LC) a lower crust and/or slab component radiogenic in Sr (87Sr/86Sr > 0.70656) and in Pb (206Pb/204Pb > 18.82; 207Pb/204Pb > 15.647; 208Pb/204Pb > 38.79), (UC) a felsic upper continental crust (>65.1 wt% of SiO 2) with similar Sr–Pb isotope composition as LC (87Sr/86Sr > 0.70643; 206Pb/204Pb > 18.823; 207Pb/204Pb > 15.655; 208Pb/204Pb > 38.809). Both BA and LC components occur in lavas with <57 wt% SiO 2. This model predicts that Lascar magmas assimilated ≤30% of lower crust and ≤29% of upper crust. Our conclusions are in good agreement with the CVZ literature that reports the contribution of three ubiquitous end-member components at the source of CVZ magmas, with similar natures and origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Controversial findings regarding the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression have been reported in pregnant subjects. Scarce data about anxiety and its relationships with cytokines are available in pregnant women. To understand the association between anxiety and cytokines during pregnancy, we conducted the present study in women with or without depression. Methods: Women exhibiting severe depression (SD) and severe anxiety (SA) during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (n = 139) and control subjects exhibiting neither depression nor anxiety (n = 40) were assessed through the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Serum cytokines were measured by a multiplex bead-based assay. Correlation tests were used to analyze the data and comparisons between groups were performed. A general linear model of analysis of variance was constructed using the group as a dependent variable, interleukin concentrations as independent variables, and HDRS/HARS scores and gestational weeks as covariables. Results: The highest levels of Th1- (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ), Th17- (IL-17A, IL-22), and Th2- (IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) related cytokines were observed in women with SD + SA. The SA group showed higher concentrations of Th1- (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ) and Th2- (IL-4, and IL-10) related cytokines than the controls. Positive correlations were found between HDRS and IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in the SA group (p < 0.03), and between HDRS and Th1- (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α), Th2- (IL-9, IL-10, IL-13) and Th17- (IL-17A) cytokines (p < 0.05) in the SD + SA group. After controlling the correlation analysis by gestational weeks, the correlations that remained significant were: HDRS and IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-17A in the SD + SA group (p < 0.03). HARS scores correlated with IL-17A in the SA group and with IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-2 in the SD + SA group (p < 0.02). The linear model of analysis of variance showed that HDRS and HARS scores influenced cytokine concentrations; only IL-6 and TNF-α could be explained by the group. Conclusions: We found that the cytokine profiles differ when comparing pregnant subjects exhibiting SA with comorbid SD against those showing only SA without depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3p21.31 locus is the most robust genomic region associated with COVID-19 severity. This locus contains a main chemokine receptor (CKR) cluster. We tested expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) targeting the 3p21.31 CKR cluster linked to COVID-19 hospitalization in Europeans from the COVID-19 HGI meta-analysis. Among these, CCRL2 , a key regulator of neutrophil trafficking, was targeted by neutrophil-restricted eQTLs. We confirmed these eQTLs in an Italian COVID-19 cohort. Haplotype analysis revealed a link between an increased CCRL2 expression and COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. By the exposure of neutrophils to a TLR8 ligand, reflecting a viral infection, we revealed specific chromatin domains within the 3p21.31 locus exclusive to neutrophils. In addition, the identified variants mapped within these regions altered the binding motif of neutrophils-expressed transcription factors. These results support that CCRL2 eQTL variants contribute to the risk of severe COVID-19 by selectively affecting neutrophil functions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: The incidence of postoperative complications among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity undergoing elective surgical operations is poorly understood. This study aimed to identify differences in postoperative complications after elective abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 compared with patients presenting prepandemic., Methods: A single-institution, retrospective chart review was performed of patients undergoing AWR between January 2017 and September 2022. Patients were stratified by date: pre-COVID-19 (January 2017 to December 2019) and post-COVID-19 (January 2020 to September 2022). Patients confirmed as COVID-19-positive were also identified. Data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, and complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed., Results: We included 168 patients. The mean age was 54 years, and the mean body mass index was 33 kg/m2. Seventy-five patients underwent surgery pre-COVID-19 and 93 patients after. Of 93 patients, 16 (17%) had a positive COVID-19 test before surgery or during the perioperative period. These 2 groups were risk-matched. Patients with COVID-19 had no significant increase in postoperative complications. Major complications occurred at 13.3% in the pre-COVID-19 group and 7.5% in the post-COVID-19 group. Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to be younger (48 versus 57; P = 0.049) and more likely to have a shorter length of stay in the hospital (3 versus 5.8; P = 0.038)., Conclusions: In our case series, there was an associated increase in the incidence of overall pulmonary-related complications in the postpandemic group. This study is limited by its small sample size. Further investigation should be carried out on this topic., Competing Interests: The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial origin that affects the supporting tissues of the tooth. According to WHO in 2022, severe periodontal disease will affect around 19% of the adult population worldwide. Its risk factors include the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in biofilm and the susceptibility of the host's immune system, among others. Preterm birth is defined as birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestational age. It also has a multifactorial origin and it's associated with risk factors such as intrauterine and extrauterine infections. There is a possibility that periodontal disease in pregnant women increases the risk of preterm birth through hematogenous pathways or the presence and intervention of inflammatory mediators., Material and Methods: Through a systematic review of existing scientific articles from 2014 to 2024, five randomized clinical trials were selected, including a total of 1984 pregnant patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. Half of these patients received non-surgical treatment, while the other half did not, aiming to evaluate a possible association between periodontal disease and/or its treatment and the occurrence of preterm birth. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane "RoB 2" tool, and finally, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the results obtained in the selected studies., Results: Four articles showed a trend favoring non-surgical periodontal treatment as a preventive measure for preterm birth. These articles accounted for 92.2% of the total weight, while the remaining 7.85% corresponded to the single article that did not favor the treatment. However, none of the articles showed statistically significant results., Conclusions: There is no demonstrated association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the incidence of preterm birth. On the other hand, there is a slightly favorable trend towards non-surgical periodontal treatment during pregnancy as a measure to reduce the incidence of preterm birth, but it's not statistically significant. To obtain a definitive answer, more randomized clinical trials following similar study and design parameters are needed.

Patients present a wide range of clinical severities in response severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, but the underlying molecular and cellular reasons why clinical outcomes vary so greatly within the population remains unknown. Here, we report that negative clinical outcomes in severely ill patients were associated with divergent RNA transcriptome profiles in peripheral immune cells compared with mild cases during the first weeks after disease onset. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that early-responding cytotoxic natural killer cells were associated with an effective clearance of the virus and a less severe outcome. This innate immune response was associated with the activation of select cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways and robust Th1/Th2 cell differentiation profiles. In contrast, severely ill patients exhibited a dysregulation between innate and adaptive responses affiliated with divergent Th1/Th2 profiles and negative outcomes. This knowledge forms the basis of clinical triage that may be used to preemptively detect high-risk patients before life-threatening outcomes ensue., Competing Interests: MM, FF, CQ, FA, RR, MR, SB, YP, MC, IB, CK, RA, JG, MB No competing interests declared, (© 2024, Medina et al.)