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Biomedical implants have revolutionized modern medicine, providing diverse treatment options for various medical conditions. Ensuring the long-term success of certain materials used in various applications requires careful consideration of their ability to interact with biological systems and withstand harsh biological conditions. Optimizing surface properties is crucial for successfully integrating biomedical implants into the human body, ensuring biocompatibility, durability, and functionality. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) has become a crucial technology in surface engineering, offering a precise technique for applying thin films with customized properties. This article provides a comprehensive study of surface engineering for biomedical implants, specifically emphasizing the CVD coating technique. By carefully manipulating chemical reactions in the vapor phase, CVD allows for the creation of coatings that enhance wear resistance, minimize friction, and improve biocompatibility. This review also explores the underlying principles of CVD, the various process parameters involved, and the subsequent enhancements in implant performance. Using case studies and experimental findings, it showcases the ability of CVD to greatly enhance the durability and effectiveness of biomedical implants.

Vehicles are frequently impacted objects during floods, susceptible to being washed away when the flow velocity and water depth surpass specific thresholds. Thus, understanding the characteristics of vehicle instability in floodwaters is crucial for establishing effective safety guidelines. This paper presents a comprehensive review, delving into previous studies on flooded vehicle stability during flood events and assessing progress in guideline formulation spanning from 2010 to 2023. According to the literature, 78 % of the previous investigations focused on the stability of static vehicles, while only 22 % considered vehicles in motion. Previous studies on vehicle stability during tsunamis have not been well-explored. Moreover, emergency vehicles, including police cars, fire trucks, and ambulances, received little attention and were only considered in two studies. On the other hand, extensive research has been conducted on defining the critical vehicle orientation with respect to incoming flow, which is reported to occur when the flow direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal vehicle axis. However, it is expected that this review will serve as a foundational resource, inspiring researchers to identify areas requiring attention and delve deeper into producing general safety guidelines. The ultimate goal is to prevent fatalities related to flooded vehicles and contribute to the broader field of flood risk mitigation.

The aviation industry plays a critical role in global transportation, facilitating economic growth and revolutionizing travel. However, flight delays have become a growing concern, impacting both airlines and passengers. This study aims to study the Naïve Bayes algorithm for flight delay prediction. The objective is to develop a reliable flight delay prediction model using the Naïve Bayes algorithm and evaluate its performance. The data set that records flight delay and cancellation data from U.S Department of Transportation’s (DOT) was used for the prediction. This study has modified the parameter tuning for Gaussian Naïve Bayes to identify optimum values specifically to construct model for this flight delay dataset. The performance of parameters tuning Gaussian Naïve Bayes model was compared with another two well-known algorithms which are K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM)). The KNN and SVM algorithms were also trained and tested to complete the binary classification of flight delays for benchmarking purposes. The evaluation of algorithms was fulfilled by comparing the values of accuracy, specificity and ROC AUC score. The comparative analysis showed that the Gaussian Naïve Bayes has the best performance with an accuracy of 93% and KNN has the worst performance with ROC AUC score 63%.

The main aim of this paper is to introduce a new high step-up/down buck-boost converter with a minimum number of switches which provides the benefit of having the continuity of the input/output current. This single-switch semi-quadratic converter is suitable for high step-up applications while being able to provide step-down voltage gains. Also, by applying some minor changes to the circuit elements, another single-switch buck-boost converter is suggested which has two operative outputs with different voltage gains. One of the outputs of this topology has quadratic buck-boost converter voltage gain which is appropriate for high step-up/step-down applications. The other output could vary from input voltage to minus infinity, ideally. After studying the steady-state operation of the proposed converters in Continuous Conduction Mode (C.C.M), the simulation results are presented. In addition, a comparison among related converters proposed in the literature is made. Finally, experimental results are evaluated by implementing a laboratory prototype of the proposed converter in both step-down and step-up modes. Theoretical, simulation, and experimental results are compatible with each other.

MXenes are a group of 2D transition metal carbonitrides, nitrides and carbides that have become widely recognized as useful materials since they were first discovered in 2011. MXenes, with their exceptional layered structures and splendid external chemistries, have excellent electrical, optical, and thermal properties, making them suitable for catalysis, biomedical uses, environmental remediation, energy storage, and EMI shielding. Over forty MXene compounds with surface terminations like hydroxyl, oxygen, or fluorine are hydrophilic and easily integrated into various applications. Advanced synthesis methods, including selective etching and etchant modifications, have broadened MXene surface chemistries for customized mechanical, thermal, and electrical applications. Integrating MXenes into polymer composites has demonstrated notable promise, enhancing the host polymers' electrical conductivity, thermal stability and mechanical strength. The MXene-polymer composites demonstrate remarkable prospective on behalf of advanced purposes, including flexible electronics, high-performance EMI shielding materials, and lightweight structural components. MXenes have the desirable characteristic of being able to create flexible and translucent films, as well as improve the properties of polymer matrices. This makes them very suitable for use in advanced technological applications. This review summarizes MXene research, methods, and insights, highlighting key discoveries and future directions. This also highlights the importance of ongoing research to fill in the gaps in current knowledge and improve the practical uses of MXenes.

Abstract Background and Aims One of the causes of preterm labor and recurrent abortion is progesterone deficiency in the luteal phase. The aim of the study was a comparison of the effect of oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone for luteal‐phase support (LPS) in assisted reproductive technology cycles (ART). Methods This randomized clinical control trial study was conducted on 207 infertile women. Samples were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received a natural micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) of 400 mg once daily and the second group received dydrogesterone (Duphestone) 20 mg twice daily. Then chemical pregnancy, abortion, and live births were compared in two groups. Results The results of the study showed that the vaginal form of the drug could increase the chance of pregnancy (positive β‐human chorionic gonadotropin) versus the oral form. According to the results of multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for other variables, the live birth rate in the vaginal group was more than five times that of the oral group (odds ratio = 5.07; 95% confidence interval = 1.24–20.65; p = 0.023). Conclusion The vaginal form of the progesterone could increase the chance of pregnancy and the outcome of fertility (live birth). Thus, vaginal progesterone is effective for LPS in women undergoing fresh embryo transfer.

Purpose - Recent improvements in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with the introduction of targeted agents, have increased the need of accurate data on its epidemiology. This descriptive study was designed to collate comprehensive information on RCC epidemiology from North Africa and the Middle East, which could provide the basis for further research. Methods - A network of reference oncologists in North Africa and the Middle East were invited to share all available national and regional information on RCC epidemiology, captured in a comprehensive questionnaire. No statistical analysis was planned as the intention was to conduct a purely descriptive study. Results - The results reported that the incidence of RCC within the region is in the range of 0.9–2.35/100,000 for men (with Lebanon as an exception at 4.3/100,000 for men) and 0.5– 1.7/100,000 for women, which is considerably lower than in Europe and the USA. No mortality or survival data are available. The age at diagnosis (mean < 60 years) is lower than in Western countries and a high proportion of patients in North Africa and the Middle East (21‒45%) have metastatic disease at diagnosis. Conclusions - The information presented here provides a more complete and current picture of RCC in North Africa and the Middle East; however, there are still gaps in the data. Further research is needed to allow planning of treatment strategies and resource allocation.

This work proposes an approach based on critical dynamic modes to detect four types of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data anomalies in smart power grids. Smart power grids as modern power systems involve new information and communication technologies (ICTs), relying on real-time data, like data of PMUs. Due to the dependence of PMUs on communication technology, PMUs are prone to different data anomalies and false data injection attacks, such as replay attack, which has been rarely considered in previous works. Since detecting abnormal data is necessary for the proper function of the power system, most detection methods have been data-based approaches that may need a large amount of data and lead to more complexity. This paper proposes an online detection approach based on the minimum number of dynamic modes for the local detection of a replay attack and three types of bad data injection on PMU measurements. For this purpose, a distributed modeling of the power system is considered. Then, a replay attack and bad data injections are detected locally by tracking critical dynamic modes. The proposed approach can detect simultaneous data anomalies on more than one PMU. The effectiveness and accuracy of this approach are evaluated through simulations on the 10-machine New England 39-bus power system.

Peer-to-peer energy trading is becoming an efficient methodology for trading flexibility between buildings due to the increasing utilisation of small-scale generation and storage technologies. In the buildings, however, this trading mechanism could be affected by occupant comfort and uncertainty around it, affecting the building operation and consumption. This study introduces a multi-level peer-to-peer energy trading framework for residential buildings under the influence of occupants preferences. The proposed method considers the effect of occupants comfort as an important factor on the control and energy management of buildings in local markets. The robustness of the proposed real-time control framework in face of uncertainty in a real-life building parameter (i.e. occupants comfort level) is improved through the-state-of-the-art information gap decision theory technique. This method requires very little information about uncertain parameters, making it a suitable technique for dealing with the uncertainty in parameters with unknown patterns. Finally, the operational models of energy storage and electric vehicles are adopted for full utilisation of available photovoltaic generation. The simulation results show that participating in the local energy trading can increase the robustness of the control systems in the residential microgrids in face of uncertainty in the occupant comfort level. Also, results show that 0.1% increase in the uncertainty radius of occupants comfort level requires a 6% increase in the energy bill. This shows the importance of considering the occupant comfort in the conventional building energy management strategies, and uncertainty around it on the energy bill.

Abstract Chemical Solution Deposition enables low‐cost fabrication of ferroelectric HfO2 films suitable for piezoelectric applications. Control of processing parameters is of utmost importance to obtain high‐quality functional films. However, the impact of the annealing atmosphere on ferroelectric properties of solution‐processed HfO2 films is not clear. In this work, the influence of annealing atmosphere and growth methods on orientation, density and electrical properties of La:HfO2 films is studied. The 45 nm‐thick films are grown by two routes, conventional (crystallization of the final 45 nm‐thick film) and layer‐by‐layer (intermediate crystallizations of 5 nm‐thick films). Annealing is performed in N2:O2 and Ar atmosphere. Films grown by layer‐by‐layer method in an oxygen‐rich atmosphere tend to have higher density (87% of theoretical density) and remanent polarization (15 µC cm–2) than the conventional films (density and remanent polarization of 80% and 7.5 µC cm‐2). Secondary ion mass spectrometry reveals higher amounts of carbon presence in the conventional films annealed in Ar. For layer‐by‐layer films, the ability to control the preferential out‐of‐plane orientation from (111) to (002) simply by changing the annealing atmosphere, is demonstrated. The results can guide the path toward high‐quality thicker films for piezoelectric applications.

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating is a versatile and well-liked method for depositing thin films of materials onto surfaces in a range of industries. Due to their numerous functional and aesthetic benefits, PVD coatings are beneficial in several applications, from electronics and optics to automotive and medical equipment. PVD coating technology dramatically improves the effectiveness and quality of medical implants. PVD-coated medical implants improve osseointegration, lower wear and friction, increase corrosion resistance, and have antibacterial properties, which lead to better patient outcomes, fewer complications, and overall higher quality of life for people who need implantable medical devices. The essential concepts of PVD coating and the numerous deposition techniques and materials used are covered at the study's outset. The specific uses of PVD-coated medical implants are then highlighted, including those for orthopedic and dental implants and cardiovascular and neurosurgical devices. The review also emphasizes the critical contribution of PVD coatings to reducing wear and friction, improving corrosion resistance, augmenting biocompatibility, enhancing osseointegration, and aesthetic appeal. The challenges and prospects of PVD coating technologies were further addressed in this article. This review is invaluable for academics, doctors, and businesspeople interested in the beneficial combination of PVD coating and medical implantology.

Patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension undergoing lung transplant are at risk of developing left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). We present a case of severe LVD following transplant to highlight the challenges in diagnosis and suggest measures to reduce the risk of cardiogenic shock and end-organ injury.

Bursitis is a common condition in clinical practice, often causing pain in the shoulder and buttock areas due to inflamed bursae. Proper diagnosis and treatment depend on knowing the presence and exact location of these bursae. Anatomy classes typically provide limited instruction on bursae because they are difficult to demonstrate during dissection courses. High-resolution ultrasound is an essential and versatile technique for detecting bursitis, and it could also serve as a valuable tool for students to better understand bursae. Relevant studies were screened in the following databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, BIOSIS Previews, EMBASE, and Web of Science Core Collection. Grey literature was also considered. Literature was screened on January 3, 2023. Only ultrasound investigations in human cadaver bursae were included, specifically using B-Mode ultrasound. The general characteristics of the included studies and the ultrasound-guided approaches for labeling the bursae were analyzed and examined. T The search found 8,899 matches, but only 15 met the criteria. Fifteen different bursae were studied, and 12 studies were included in the analysis. Both the marking substrate and the injected volume varied. Despite a high overall accuracy of 99% achieved using ultrasound-guided labeling approaches in the included studies, caution is advised due to the small sample size (1 to 24). The current study serves as a review to examine ultrasound studies on bursae in human cadavers. Ultrasound-guided labeling techniques achieve high accuracy and could be a valuable teaching tool in dissection courses. These techniques help visualize difficult-to-dissect structures and provide students with an understanding of sonoanatomy.

Fossil diesel is a significant global fuel; however, environmental concerns and resource scarcity necessitate alternative fuels. Third-generation microalgae biodiesel (MB), despite its carbon neutrality, leads to higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions and poor engine performance. Renewable diesel (RD), also known as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), could reduce these issues. A quasi-dimensional multi-zone combustion model is employed in this study to look into how different fuel blends of diesel, C. cohnii MB, and algae-derived RD affect the performance, combustion, and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine. The study uses a 2000 rpm engine arrangement with different engine loads, and validates the computational analysis with an experimental test engine arrangement. The study aims to explore the potential of sustainable biofuels in CI engines. D70MB30 (70 vol% diesel, and 30 vol% MB) fuel blend leads to a higher ignition delay period (IDP) while lowering peak cylinder pressure (PCP) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) compared to D100; however, when RD is added to diesel-MB fuel blends, it reduces IDP and increases PCP and PHRR. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for the D70MB30 blend rises by 5.28–8.9 %, while brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduces by 0.98–4.27 %. However, RD in MB blends reduces BSFC by 1.57–3.41 % and marginally enhances BTE, resulting in greater fuel economy and efficiency. D70MB30 fuel blend results in higher specific carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions while lowering particulate matter (PM) and smoke emissions compared to neat diesel due to its high intrinsic oxygen content. In contrast, RD with the MB blend reduces specific CO2 and NOx emissions; however, it increases PM and smoke emissions due to the NOx-PM trade-off. The optimum results occur with a full load and D70MB15RD15 (70 vol% diesel, 15 vol% MB, and 15 vol% RD) fuel blend. Compared to the D70MB30 blend, D70MB15RD15 reduces BSFC, specific CO2, and NOx by 2.15 %, ∼1%, and 8.37 %, respectively, while increasing PM emissions at 100 % load.

Seaports are responsible for consuming a large amount of energy and producing a sizeable amount of environmental emissions. However, optimal coordination and cooperation present an opportunity to transform this challenge into an opportunity by enabling flexibility in their generation and load units. This paper introduces a coordination framework for exploiting flexibility across multiple ports. The proposed method fosters cooperation between ports in achieving lower environmental emissions while leveraging flexibility to increase their revenue. This platform allows ports to participate in providing flexibility for the energy grid through the introduction of a green port-to-grid concept while optimising their cooperation. Furthermore, the proximity to offshore wind farms is considered an opportunity for the ports to investigate their role in harnessing green hydrogen. The proposed method explores the hydrogen storage capability of ports as an opportunity for increasing the techno-economic benefits, particularly through coupling them with offshore wind farms. Compared to existing literature, the proposed method enjoys a comprehensive logistics-electric model for the ports, a novel coordination framework for multi-port flexibility, and the potentials of hydrogen storage for the ports. These unique features position this paper a valuable reference for research and industry by demonstrating realistic cooperation among ports in the energy network. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed port flexibility coordination from both environmental and economic perspectives.

IntroductionFour years after the start of the pandemic, there is limited evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on the women's health regardless of their reproductive status.ObjectiveThe aim was to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of menstrual-related disturbances in formerly menstruating women following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Study designA retrospective observational study of adult women in Spain was conducted during the month of December 2021 using an online survey (N = 17,512). The present analysis includes a subpopulation of SARS-CoV-2-infected and formerly menstruating women (n = 72). The collected data included general characteristics, medical history, and specific information on COVID-19. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to investigate possible associations between the occurrence of menstrual-related disturbances after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Results38.8% of participants experienced menstrual-related disturbances following COVID-19. Among these, unexpected vaginal bleeding (20.8%) was the most common event, followed by spotting (11.1%) ( Table 1). Other reported changes were in the length (shorter = 12.5%) and flow (heavier = 30.3%) of menstrual bleeding in comparison to their previous experience. Regression analysis revealed that being a perimenopausal woman [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.721, CI 95%, 1.022–21.796, p = 0.047] and having a previous diagnosis of menorrhagia (AOR 5.824 CI 95%, 1.521–22.310, p = 0.010) were factors associated with the event.ConclusionThese findings could help health professionals provide their patients with up-to-date scientific information to empower them to actively manage their reproductive health, especially in societies where menstrual health is still taboo.

Background Familial cerebral cavernous alformation (CCM) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in KRIT1, CCM2, or PDCD10. Cases typically present with multiple lesions, strong family history, and neurological symptoms, including seizures, headaches, or other deficits. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe manifestation of CCM, which can lead to death or long-term neurological deficits. Few studies have reported ICH rates and risk factors in familial CCM. We report ICH rates and assess whether CCM lesion burden, a disease severity marker, is associated with risk of symptomatic ICH during follow-up in a well-characterized cohort of familial CCM cases. Methods and Results We studied 386 patients with familial CCM with follow-up data enrolled in the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium CCM Project. We estimated symptomatic ICH rates overall and stratified by history of ICH before enrollment. CCM lesion burden (total lesion count and large lesion size) assessed at baseline enrollment was tested for association with increased risk of subsequent ICH during follow-up using Cox regression models adjusted for history of ICH before enrollment, age, sex, and family structure and stratified on recruitment site. The symptomatic ICH rate for familial CCM cases was 2.8 per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 1.9-4.1). Those with ICH before enrollment had a follow-up ICH rate of 4.5 per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 2.6-8.1) compared with 2.0 per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 1.3-3.5) in those without (P=0.042). Total lesion count was associated with increased risk of ICH during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37 per doubling of total lesion count [95% CI, 1.10-1.71], P=0.006). The symptomatic ICH rate for familial CCM cases was 2.8 per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 1.9-4.1). Those with ICH before enrollment had a follow-up ICH rate of 4.5 per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 2.6-8.1) compared with 2.0 per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 1.3-3.5) in those without (P=0.042). Total lesion count was associated with increased risk of ICH during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37 per doubling of total lesion count [95% CI, 1.10-1.71], P=0.006). Conclusions Patients with familial CCM with prior history of an ICH event are at higher risk for rehemorrhage during follow-up. In addition, total CCM lesion burden is significantly associated with increased risk of subsequent symptomatic ICH; hence lesion burden may be an important predictor of patient outcome and aid patient risk stratification.

Introduction: The objective of this case series is to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous infusion of Pamidronate, a second generation bisphosphonate, in the treatment of active Charcot arthropathy. Materials and methods: All patients with active Charcot arthropathy treated at the medical centre from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2020 were included in the study. Efficacy outcome was evaluated based on time to consolidate findings observed through radiographic examination, while safety outcome was evaluated based on the incidence of adverse event (AE) occurrence. Results: A total of 81 patients (37 male, 44 female) diagnosed with active Charcot arthropathy were included. 64.2% of patients were at stage 1 of Charcot arthropathy whereas 35.8% were at stage 2. The mean time to consolidate for stage 1 and stage 2 was 6.50 ± 4.21 months and 3.63 ± 2.92 months respectively (p-value = 0.139). No significant association was observed between gender, ethnicity and disease stage with the consolidation time (p-value >0.05). The rate of AE incidence was 2.5%, observed in 2 patients who developed a fever during the treatment. No other serious AE was observed in the study. Conclusion: Intravenous Pamidronate infusion is a safe and effective treatment option for Charcot arthropathy.

Abstract Background Missed care rates are an indicator of healthcare quality. Missed nursing care can reduce patient safety and lead to adverse events. Moral sensitivity enables nurses to interpret and respond to clients’ needs according to ethical principles. Despite the importance of moral sensitivity and its role in the quality of care, the relationship between nurses' moral sensitivity and missed nursing care has not been extensively studied. This raises the question of whether there is an association between nurses' moral sensitivity and missed care. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nurses’ moral sensitivity and missed nursing care in the medical and surgical departments of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022, on 202 nurses working in the medical and surgical departments of Imam Khomeini Medical Education Center, Urmia, Iran. Stratified random sampling was used to select the participants. A questionnaire on demographic characteristics, Kalisch's missed care questionnaire, and Lutzen's moral sensitivity questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis. Results Most participants (52.97%) showed moderate moral sensitivity. Nurses’ mean moral sensitivity and total missed care scores were 149.07 ± 21.60 and 59.45 ± 4.87, respectively. Pearson correlation test showed no significant correlation between moral sensitivity scores and the total missed care scores (r = 0.041, p = 0.152). However, in the regression analysis, moral sensitivity (β = 0.213, p

Abstract This article presents a novel high step up converter based on the active switch inductor (ASL) technique for renewable energy source applications. The coupled inductor technique provides an opportunity to increase the gain. The proposed converter exploited the leakage inductors to provide zero current switching (ZCS) turn‐on for both switches. Therefore, there is no need for an auxiliary circuit, which simplifies the structure. Also, all diodes turn off under ZCS, which eliminates the reverse recovery problem and results in reduced switching losses. The energy of the leakage inductor is recycled, and the voltage spike on the switches is limited. In addition, all semiconductor voltage stresses are clamped below the output voltage. Hence, components with lower on‐resistance can be utilized to reduce conduction loss. Because of the reduction in power loss, the efficiency rises to 97.2% at 250 W output power. It also benefits from the current sharing of the interleaved structure. The operating principles, design considerations, and comparison to other topologies are discussed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter, a prototype converter with 250 W of output power, 50 V of input voltage, 500 V of output voltage, and 100 kHz of switching frequency is implemented.

Since the adoption rate of e-grocery skyrocketed in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic due to the influx of first-time e-grocery shoppers, grocery shopping behavior has been evolving and the travel effects of e-grocery are largely unknown. Thus, this study sought to examine the relationship between consumers’ grocery shopping behavior online and in-store, and the influencing factors (i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, household attributes, and personal attitudes). To achieve this, information relating to online and in-store grocery purchase frequencies, personal and household characteristics, and attitudes of more than 2,000 Florida residents were collected through an online survey. Using a bi-directional structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, our results show that online grocery shopping exhibited no significant effect on in-store grocery shopping frequency (i.e., neutrality), but in-store grocery shopping reduced the frequency of online grocery shopping (i.e., substitution). Also, a positive attitude toward some positive aspects of online shopping, preference for alternative travel modes, and tech savviness were associated with more frequent online grocery shopping, while cost consciousness and the joy of shopping encouraged more in-store shopping. Several socio-demographic and household attributes were also found to have direct and indirect effects mediated via attitudes on the shopping frequencies. Overall, this study provides insights into the demand and travel effects of e-grocery and highlights the need for retailers and transport planners to collaborate in order to mitigate the potential travel effects of e-grocery.

Cultivating mustard greens requires maintaining the ideal soil moisture level within the range of 50% to 70% Relative Humidity (RH). To fulfill water requirements and preserve soil moisture, irrigation processes are essential. Historically, farmers have employed manual irrigation methods, such as flooding entire agricultural fields, leading to water wastage and requiring significant labor. This research aims to develop an automated irrigation system based on soil conditions to assist farmers in the irrigation process. The automated irrigation system operates by responding to soil conditions. It initiates irrigation when the soil is dry and automatically ceases when the soil becomes adequately moist. This system utilizes Arduino as the central control unit, soil moisture sensors as input devices, an LCD for monitoring, and a water pump for distributing water to the agricultural fields through drip irrigation. The research methodology follows engineering design principles and encompasses three stages: design, installation, and implementation. The design phase involves creating the system, programming, and designing the drip irrigation system. Installation entails assembling the components of the automated irrigation system, while implementation involves deploying the system in agricultural fields and conducting tests. The research findings indicate that the automated irrigation system effectively irrigates when soil moisture falls below 50% and halts when it reaches 70%. Calibration tests reveal a 2% variance between the capacitive soil moisture sensor and the Soil Moisture Meter. The water requirement for a single mustard greens plant to reach the ideal soil moisture level (50-70% RH) is approximately 150 ml.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women in the third trimester with and without anemia.Methods: A case-control study was conducted, involving 144 pregnant women with anemia (case group) and 144 pregnant women without anemia (control group) receiving prenatal care in the third trimester between April 2021 and March 2022. Various maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes, such as response to iron intake, incidence of preeclampsia during delivery, rates of cesarean section, postpartum infections, small for gestational age (SGA) infants, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, and birth weight, were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results: Mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in women with anemia compared to those in the control group (p

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the age-friendly indicators in Kashan City, Iran in 2022.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of Kashan City, Iran. Researchers randomly selected 80 locations and used a specific checklist for observation. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics.Results: Outdoor buildings and offices scored a mean of 8.95±2.25 out of 20 (range 5-14, 95% CI: 8-10.05), indicating an average condition. Urban roads and transportation scored 6.10±2.34 out of 20 (range 5-10, 95% CI: 5.8-7.0), also showing an average condition. Parks and public spaces received a score of 7.57±1.5 out of 16 (range 6-11, 95% CI: 6.8–8.1), reflecting an average condition. Religious places scored 10.09±2.6 out of 12 (range 7-11, 95% CI: 9.2–10.3), indicating a good condition.Conclusion: The majority of outdoor buildings and offices, urban roads and transportation, as well as recreational and religious spaces in Kashan City do not meet the necessary standards for an age-friendly environment. These findings highlight areas that require improvement to enhance the health, activity, and quality of life for the elderly population.

Abstract Background Losing a child at an old age while also facing health problems and physical limitations can have significant negative impacts on parents’ lives such as anxiety, depression, and impairment in social functions. The process of coping with the death of a child is particularly unknown among older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how older adults cope with the death of their child. Method This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021, using Corbin and Strauss (2015) approach to the grounded theory method. The sampling began purposefully and continued theoretically until theoretical saturation was achieved. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from Iranian older adults who had experienced the death of their child. To ensure data trustworthiness, the Guba and Lincoln (1985) criteria were utilized. A qualitative data analysis software, MAXQDA2020, was used to manage the data. Findings The results of this study were obtained from 27 participants. The main concern of older adults was the fear of their lives collapsing following the death of their child. Participants utilized three main strategies to address their concerns: attempting to rebuild themselves, connecting to a higher power, and searching for positivity amidst grief. The central category that emerged from the analysis was “improving physical, mental, and spiritual capacities,” resulting in personal growth and improved social relationships. Conclusions Through the use of the three aforementioned strategies, older adults were able to overcome their primary concern of the fear of their lives collapsing following the death of their child. Further development of the theory is suggested in order to design a model that can facilitate older adults’ coping with this difficult life event.

Abstract Background In the postpartum period, there are numerous changes in the physical and psychological dimensions of women, which reduce the quality of life of women. The aim of this study was to compare the health-promoting lifestyle of mothers with vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery in the postpartum period. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 pregnant women who had delivered vaginal or by cesarean section at Shohadaye Behshahr Hospital and were selected based on inclusion criteria. If the women were willing to participate in the study, a demographic questionnaire was completed, and the telephone numbers of the subjects were recorded so that the Porsline health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire could be sent to them. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22 using the T test, chi-square test and Repeated Measure ANOVA. Results There was no difference in the average score of health-promoting lifestyle and its dimensions between the two groups of vaginal delivery and cesarean section at two and six weeks after delivery. However, in both groups, the total score of health-promoting lifestyle decreased significantly over time (P