460 results on '"Abualhasan, A."'
Search Results
152. Design and Synthesis of Novel EG5 Inhibitors
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Abualhasan, M., Sutcliffe, O. B., Kozielski, F., and Mackay, S. P.
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- 2010
153. Publication outcome of abstracts submitted to the American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting*
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Gilad Allon, Eytan Z. Blumenthal, Liron Berkovitz, Hamza Abualhasan, Gil Amarilyo, Mark Krauthammer, Hanan Badarni, Michael Mimouni, Francis B. Mimouni, and Kamal Imtanis
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Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Meeting ,Abstracting and Indexing ,education ,lcsh:Medicine ,Health Informatics ,Outcomes ,Library and Information Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Abstracts ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ophthalmology, Publication ,Ophthalmology ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Societies, Medical ,Impact Factor ,Publishing ,Impact factor ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Congresses as Topic ,lcsh:Z ,United States ,lcsh:Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Journal Impact Factor ,Periodicals as Topic ,business - Abstract
Objective: Abstracts submitted to meetings are subject to less rigorous peer review than full-text manuscripts. This study aimed to explore the publication outcome of abstracts presented at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) annual meeting. Methods: Abstracts presented at the 2008 AAO meeting were analyzed. Each presented abstract was sought via PubMed to identify if it had been published as a full-text manuscript. The publication outcome, journal impact factor (IF), and time to publication were recorded. Results: A total of 690 abstracts were reviewed, of which 39.1% were subsequently published. They were published in journals with a median IF of 2.9 (range 0–7.2) and a median publication time of 426 days (range 0–2,133 days). A quarter were published in the journal Ophthalmology, with a shorter time to publication (median 282 vs. 534 days, p =0.003). Oral presentations were more likely to be published than poster presentations (57.8% vs. 35.9%, p
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- 2018
154. Anterior Corneal Folds Correlate With Low Intraocular Pressure and May Serve as a Marker for Ocular Hypotony
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Hamza Abualhasan, Eytan Z. Blumenthal, Shadi Safuri, and Michael Mimouni
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Intraocular pressure ,medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,business.industry ,Glaucoma ,Ocular hypotony ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Low intraocular pressure ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ophthalmology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Cornea ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Medicine ,sense organs ,Fluorescein ,business ,Inverse correlation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Blue light - Abstract
PURPOSE Subtle folds can be seen in the anterior cornea in eyes with hypotony using fluorescein and blue light. We aim to assess their extent and grade with respect to the level of intraocular pressure (IOP). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who presented to the department of ophthalmology at Rambam Health Care Campus with IOP
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- 2019
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155. RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation of Synthesized Codrug in Combination with Indomethacin, Paracetamol, and Famotidine
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Nihal Zohud, Mohyeddin Assali, Murad Abualhasan, and Noura Ghazal
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030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Active ingredient ,Chromatography ,QD71-142 ,Codrug ,Side effect ,Article Subject ,Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Famotidine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hydrolysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Linear range ,medicine ,0210 nano-technology ,Sodium acetate ,Analytical chemistry ,medicine.drug ,Research Article - Abstract
Background. Indomethacin is considered a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that could be combined with Paracetamol to have superior and synergist activity to manage pain and inflammation. To reduce the gastric side effect, they could be combined with Famotidine.Methodology. A codrug of Indomethacin and Paracetamol was synthesized and combined in solution with Famotidine. The quantification of the pharmaceutically active ingredients is pivotal in the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, a novel reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated according to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Q2R1 guidelines. A reverse phase C18 column with a mobile phase acetonitrile: sodium acetate buffer 60 : 40 at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min and pH 5 was utilized.Results. The developed method showed good separation of the four tested drugs with a linear range of 0.01–0.1 mg/mL (R2 > 0.99). The LODs for FAM, PAR, IND, and codrug were 3.076 × 10−9, 3.868 × 10−10, 1.066 × 10−9, and 4.402 × 10−9 mg/mL respectively. While the LOQs were 9.322 × 10−9, 1.172 × 10−10, 3.232 × 10−9, and 1.334 × 10−8 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the method was precise, accurate, selective, and robust with values of relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 2%. Moreover, the developed method was applied to study thein vitrohydrolysis and conversion of codrug into Indomethacin and Paracetamol.Conclusion. The codrug of Indomethacin and Paracetamol was successfully synthesized for the first time. Moreover, the developed analytical method, to our knowledge, is the first of its kind to simultaneously quantify four solutions containing the following active ingredients of codrug, Indomethacin, Paracetamol, and Famotidine mixture with added pharmaceutical inactive ingredients in one HPLC run.
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- 2020
156. Antiamylase, Antilipase, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity of Nonea obtusifolia (Willd.) DC. from Palestine
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Murad Abualhasan, Mohammad Qadi, Zaid Alhrezat, Linda Issa, Ahmad A. Mousa, Fathia Allan, Nidal Jaradat, and Mohammad Hindi
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Article Subject ,Swine ,Phytochemicals ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Antioxidants ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Acetone ,Diffusion ,HeLa ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,Anti-Infective Agents ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Lipase ,Medicinal plants ,Pancreas ,Acarbose ,Orlistat ,Nonea ,Methylene Chloride ,Plants, Medicinal ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Plant Extracts ,Chemistry ,Biological activity ,General Medicine ,Boraginaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Lipids ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Plant Leaves ,Amylases ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,alpha-Amylases ,HeLa Cells ,medicine.drug ,Research Article - Abstract
Background. Medicinal plants are widely used in many cultures, traditions, and civilizations worldwide. Plants with high contents of the valuable biological compounds can efficiently cure many diseases. This study is aimed at assessing, for the first time, the anti-α-amylase, antilipase, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of Nonea obtusifolia (Willd.) DC. of five extracts from Palestine. Methods. The antimicrobial activity was estimated using well diffusion method for N. obtusifolia plant of five extracts against eight ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) and clinical isolates. The cytotoxic effects for these extracts were evaluated against HeLa (cervical) carcinoma cells using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Moreover, the lipase and α-amylase inhibitory properties were determined using standard biomedical assays. Results. The acetone extract of N. obtusifolia plant showed a more potent α-amylase inhibitory compared with acarbose with IC50 values of 25.7 ± 0.08 and 28.18 ± 1.22 μ g / ml , respectively. Additionally, the acetone and methanol extracts revealed moderate antilipase activity compared to orlistat with IC50 values of 30.19 ± 0.11 , 33.11 ± 0.13 , and 12.3 ± 0.35 μ g / ml , respectively. The methylene chloride extract was found to inhibit the growth of all the tested bacterial and fungal strains and also found to have potential cytotoxic effect against HeLa cancer cell line. Conclusion. This research work reports for the first time the biological activity of N. obtusifolia from Palestine, and the results were promising indicating that N. obtusifolia extracts contain valuable bioactive molecules that have a potential anti-α-amylase, antilipase, antibacterial, and antifungal cytotoxic potentials. Therefore, N. obtusifolia could have a medical significance in the future.
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- 2020
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157. Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Modeling Studies of Pyrazole and Triazole Derivatives as Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
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Mohammed Hawash, Hadeel Sawaftah, Murad Abualhasan, Ahmed Mousa, and Mohyeddin Assali
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Molecular model ,Article Subject ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Biological activity ,General Chemistry ,Pyrazole ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Sulfone ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Enzyme ,Docking (molecular) ,Click chemistry ,Selectivity ,QD1-999 ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Series of diaryl-based pyrazole and triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized in a facile synthetic approach in order to produce selective COX-2 inhibitor. These series of derivatives were synthesized by different reactions like Vilsmeier–Haack reaction and click reaction. In vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition studies showed that five compounds were potent and selective inhibitors of the COX-2 isozyme with IC50values in 0.551–0.002 μM range. In the diarylpyrazole derivatives, compound4bshowed the best inhibitory activity against COX-2 with IC50 = 0.017 μM as one of theN-aromatic rings was substituted with sulfonamide and the other aromatic ring was unsubstituted. However, when theN-aromatic ring was substituted with sulfonamide and the other aromatic ring was substituted with sulfone (compound4d), best COX-2 selectivity was achieved (IC50 = 0.098 μM, SI = 54.847). In the diaryltriazole derivatives, compound15ashowed the best inhibitory activity in comparison to all synthesized compounds including the reference celecoxib with IC50 = 0.002 μM and SI = 162.5 as it could better fit the extra hydrophobic pocket which is present in the COX-2 enzyme. Moreover, the docking study supports the obtained SAR data and binding similarities and differences on both isozymes.
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- 2020
158. Preoperative Anxiety Levels and Pain during Cataract Surgery
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Hamza Abualhasan, Sergiu Socea, Michael Mimouni, Or Magen, Shiri Zayit-Soudry, Eytan Z. Blumenthal, and Nitsan Duvdevan
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Male ,Visual analogue scale ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pain ,Cataract Extraction ,Anxiety ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Severe pain ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Israel ,Intraoperative Complications ,Aged ,Pain Measurement ,Anxiety level ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Outcome measures ,Phacoemulsification ,Cataract surgery ,Prognosis ,Sensory Systems ,Ophthalmology ,Anesthesia ,Preoperative Period ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Observational study ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between pain during cataract surgery and preoperative anxiety.Methods: This prospective observational masked study included 103 eyes of 103 consecutive patients who underwent routine clear corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. Patients were interviewed prior to surgery and 5 min following surgery by two separate independent interviewers. Anxiety level was measured by the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VASA) and pain by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The main outcome measure was the maximum amount of pain endured during the procedure using VAS.Results: The mean participant age was 68.9 ± 8.9 years, and 46.6% were male. Severe anxiety (VASA ≥ 7) and pain (VAS ≥ 7) were documented in 18.5 and 17.5% of patients, respectively. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between VAS and VASA (r = 0.62, p 10 times more likely to experience severe pain, and a VASA > 4 predicted severe pain with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 69.4%.Conclusions: One-fifth of patients experienced severe anxiety and pain. Preoperative anxiety levels were the only significant predictor of pain. Reducing preoperative anxiety in cataract patients is warranted.
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- 2019
159. Analytical Method Development for Sodium Valproate through Chemical Derivatization
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Nihaya Wasif Odeh, Ghadeer Naser Younis, Murad Abualhasan, and Oyoun Fadel Zeidan
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Bioanalysis ,Chromatography ,QD71-142 ,Article Subject ,Sodium ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Trichlorophenol ,chemistry.chemical_element ,030206 dentistry ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anticonvulsant ,chemistry ,medicine ,Phenyl group ,Gas chromatography ,Derivatization ,Analytical chemistry ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Background. Sodium valproate has anticonvulsant activity and is structurally different to conventional antiepileptic drugs. The problem with valproic acid is the lack of a chromophore, which means that gas chromatography is the sole assay methodology. The introduction of benzoyl and phenyl groups to the molecule is a useful derivatisation, which enables the creation of detectable chromophores for HPLC analysis for pharmaceutical dosages as well as biological systems. Methodology. Sodium valproate was derivatised by the addition of a chromophore to its structure by introducing a methyl benzoyl or a phenyl group. Trichlorophenol and 2-hydroxyacetophenone were used to introduce phenyl and benzoyl groups to valproic acid, respectively. The reaction used was estrification reaction using coupling agents. An analytical method was then developed and validated using reverse-phase HPLC. The method was validated for parameters like linearity, range, accuracy precision, and robustness. Results. The developed method was easy and feasible and can be applied to both routine analysis and bioanalysis. The method was very sensitive and could quantify valproic acid at a very low concentration of 0.75 × 10−5 mg/ml. The developed method was found to be linear (R2 = 0.997), accurate, precise, and robust. Conclusion. The proposed chemical derivatisation and the developed analytical method are novel. The developed analytical procedure is the first of its kind; it is easy and feasible and can be used to quantify and detect sodium valproate at very low concentrations compared to other available methods in the literature.
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- 2019
160. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017
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Fitzmaurice, Christina, Abate, Degu, Abbasi, Naghmeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulle, Abdishakur SM, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Advani, Shailesh M, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Ayat, Ahmadian, Elham, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Al-Aly, Ziyad, AlAbdulKader, Assim M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Tahiya, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alemnew, Birhan Tamene T, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Bakeshei, Fatemeh Allah, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Alsharif, Ubai, Alsowaidi, Shirina, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini, Erfan, Amini, Saeed, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anbari, Zohreh, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Arabloo, Jalal, Arefi, Zohreh, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil, Assadi, Reza, Ataeinia, Bahar, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide FGA, Awasthi, Ashish, Awoke, Nefsu, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Babaee, Ebrahim, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bagli, Eleni, Balakrishnan, Senthilkuimar, Balouchi, Abbas, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Battista, Robert J, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belay, Yared Belete, Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Berfield, Kathleen Kim Sachiko, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Beuran, Mircea, Bhakta, Nickhill, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birungi, Charles, Bisignano, Catherine, Bitew, Helen, Bjørge, Tone, Bleyer, Archie, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Borzì, Antonio M, Bosetti, Cristina, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Brenner, Hermann, Brewer, Jerry D, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa, Butt, Zahid A, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castro, Clara, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chauhan, Neelima Singh, Chehrazi, Mohammad, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna, Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, Costa, Vera M, Crocetti, Emanuele, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Curado, Maria Paula, Dahlawi, Saad MA, Damiani, Giovanni, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, das Neves, José, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, Demissie, Birhanu Wondimeneh, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Derakhshani, Afshin, Deribe, Kalkidan Solomon, Desai, Rupak, Desalegn, Beruk Berhanu, Desta, Melaku, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diaz, Daniel, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese Tadese, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Drake, Thomas M, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Effiong, Andem, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Sayed, Iman, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elemineh, Demelash Abewa, Elkout, Hajer, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Elsharkawy, Aisha, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Endalew, Daniel Adane, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Fallah, Vahid, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Farhangi, Mahdieh Abbasalizad, Farioli, Andrea, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fernandes, Eduarda, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L, Force, Lisa M, Foroutan, Masoud, Freitas, Marisa, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Futran, Neal D, Gallus, Silvano, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze, Gelaw, Belayneh K, Geta, Birhanu, Getachew, Sefonias, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba TG, Girmay, Alem, Gizaw, Muluken, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Ribeiro Guerra, Maximiliano, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Hadkhale, Kishor, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hanfore, Lolemo Kelbiso, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasankhani, Milad, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, Henok, Andualem, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hidru, Hagos D, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K, Hoogar, Praveen, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama, Ileanu, Bogdan, Ilic, Milena D, Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Iseh, Kufre Robert, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jafari Balalami, Nader, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha, Jee, Sun Ha, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Joo, Tamas, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kamangar, Farin, Karch, André, Karimi, Narges, Karimian, Ansar, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kassa, Belete, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassaw, Mesfin Wudu, Kaul, Anil, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, Kerbo, Amene Abebe, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalilarjmandi, Maryam, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaee-Pool, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Komaki, Hamidreza, Koyanagi, Ai, Krohn, Kristopher J, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, Vivek, Kuupiel, Desmond, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lad, Deepesh P, Lake, Eyasu Alem, Lakew, Ayenew Molla, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Liao, Yu, Limenih, Miteku Andualem, Listl, Stefan, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Madadin, Mohammed, Magdeldin, Sameh, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Malekzadeh, Reza, Manafi, Ali, Manafi, Navid, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele, Mansourian, Morteza, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maroufizadeh, Saman, Martini, Santi Martini S, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maswabi, Motswadi Titus, Mathur, Manu Raj, McAlinden, Colm, McKee, Martin, Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter TN, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Merat, Shahin, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu M, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Mishra, Rashmi, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad, Yousef, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadi, Hiwa, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadian, Mahdi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradpour, Farhad, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morisaki, Naho, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muhammed, Oumer Sada S, Musa, Jonah, Nabhan, Ashraf R, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nam, Hae Sung, Nasiri, Naser, Nazari, Javad, Negoi, Ionut, Neupane, Subas, Newcomb, Polly A, Nggada, Haruna Asura, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nikniaz, Leila, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nojomi, Marzieh, Nosratnejad, Shirin, Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour, Obsa, Mohammed Suleiman, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Omonisi, Abidemi E, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Oommen, Anu Mary, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris DV, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakhale, Smita, Pakpour, Amir H, Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Pashaei, Tahereh, Patel, Shanti, Patil, Snehal T, Pennini, Alyssa, Pereira, David M, Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pillay, Julian David, Pirestani, Majid, Pishgar, Farhad, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Mahdi, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rana, Saleem M, Raoofi, Samira, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Robert C, Renzaho, Andre MN, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Ribeiro, Daniela, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Saad, Ragy Safwat, Sabbagh, Parisa, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safiri, Saeid, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salehi, Farkhonde, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schneider, Ione JC, Schöttker, Ben, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sepehrimanesh, Masood, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamshirian, Amir, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharifi, Ali, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Rajesh, Sheikh, Aziz, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sisay, Solomon, Sitas, Freddy, Sobngwi, Eugène, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Takahashi, Ken, Tamtaji, Omid Reza, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Taymoori, Parvaneh, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thapa, Subash, Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Ullah, Irfan, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vacante, Marco, Vaezi, Maryam, Varona Pérez, Patricia, Veisani, Yousef, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wabinga, Henry, Wachamo, Tesfahun Mulatu, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Workie, Hailemariam Mekonnen, Yadav, Rajaram, Yadegar, Abbas, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimam, Mohammed Ahmed, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Bahman, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zabeh, Erfan, Zadnik, Vesna, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zaki, Leila, Zendehdel, Kazem, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zewale, Taye Abuhay, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, and Murray, Christopher JL
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Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration - Abstract
Importance Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.\ud \ud Objective To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.\ud \ud Evidence Review We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence.\ud \ud Findings In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs).\ud \ud Conclusions and Relevance The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer
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- 2019
161. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, Xu, Luna ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547, Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, and Xu, Luna ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547
- Abstract
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bay
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- 2020
162. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abbasi, M, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abedi, A, Abedi, P, Abegaz, KH, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, AE, Aboyans, V, Abrams, EM, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu Haimed, AK, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abushouk, AI, Acebedo, A, Ackerman, IN, Adabi, M, Adair, T, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedeji, IA, Adekanmbi, V, Adelson, JD, Adeoye, AM, Adetokunboh, OO, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Afshin, A, Agardh, EE, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Agesa, KM, Aghaali, M, Aghamir, SMK, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, TY, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albertson, SB, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alema, NM, Alemu, BW, Alemu, YM, Alhabib, KF, Alhassan, RK, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almadi, MAH, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Almulhim, AM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alumran, AK, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amare, AT, Amare, B, Amini, S, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, John, Oommen ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-1726, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abbasi, M, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abedi, A, Abedi, P, Abegaz, KH, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, AE, Aboyans, V, Abrams, EM, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu Haimed, AK, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abushouk, AI, Acebedo, A, Ackerman, IN, Adabi, M, Adair, T, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedeji, IA, Adekanmbi, V, Adelson, JD, Adeoye, AM, Adetokunboh, OO, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Afshin, A, Agardh, EE, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Agesa, KM, Aghaali, M, Aghamir, SMK, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, TY, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albertson, SB, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alema, NM, Alemu, BW, Alemu, YM, Alhabib, KF, Alhassan, RK, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almadi, MAH, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Almulhim, AM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alumran, AK, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amare, AT, Amare, B, Amini, S, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, John, Oommen ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-1726, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, and Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X
- Abstract
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value
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- 2020
163. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Murray, Christopher J.L., Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Agarwal, Gina, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, Alhabib, Khalid F., Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, 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Shiva, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Bryazka, Dana, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Kai Lan, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Compton, Kelly, Cooper, Owen R., Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cross, Di H., Cruz, Jessica A., Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna Karin, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, 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William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geremew, Abraham, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Gething, Peter W., Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G.G., Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C., Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tarun, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Hammer, Melanie S., Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henrikson, Hannah J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Hoek, Hans W., Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinéad M., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M., Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Naserbakht, Morteza, Nayak, Vinod C., Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Minh, Nigatu, Yeshambel T., Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nixon, Molly R., Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Oţoiu, Adrian, Oancea, Bogdan, Odell, Christopher M., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B., Ostroff, Samuel M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Parry, Charles D.H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, David M., Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pilz, Tessa M., Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, V., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rashedi, Vahid, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Redford, Sofia Boston, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R.Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A., Samad, Zainab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, João Vasco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schlaich, Markus P., Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Serre, Marc L., Shadid, Jamileh, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shibuya, Kenji, Shield, Kevin David, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shin, Min Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, João Pedro, Simpson, Kyle E., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skou, Søren T.Skou, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Smith, Emma U.R., Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spencer, Cory N., Spotin, Adel, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A., Straif, Kurt, Stubbs, Jacob L., Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sulo, Gerhard, Sultan, Iyad, Szumowski, Łukasz, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taherkhani, Amir, Tajdini, Masih, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad Hani, Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thurston, George D., Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna E., Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uddin, Riaz, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan Pang, Watson, Alexandrea, Wei, Jingkai, Wei, Melissa Y.Wei, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Jordan, Werdecker, Andrea, West, J. 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- Abstract
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each
- Published
- 2020
164. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Murray, CJL, Aravkin, Aleksandr, Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja, Abbasi-Kangevarri, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir, Abdolhassani, Hassan, Aboyas, Victor, Abreu, Lucas, Abrigo, Michel, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Brauer, Michael, Afshin, Ashkan, Lim, Stephen, Murray, CJL, Aravkin, Aleksandr, Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja, Abbasi-Kangevarri, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir, Abdolhassani, Hassan, Aboyas, Victor, Abreu, Lucas, Abrigo, Michel, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Brauer, Michael, Afshin, Ashkan, and Lim, Stephen
- Abstract
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each
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- 2020
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165. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Akombi-Inyang, Blessing ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, John, Oommen ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-1726, Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X, Abbafati, C, Machado, DB, Cislaghi, B, Salman, OM, Karanikolos, M, McKee, M, Abbas, KM, Brady, OJ, Larson, HJ, Trias-Llimós, S, Cummins, S, Langan, SM, Sartorius, B, Hafiz, A, Jenabi, E, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Borzouei, S, Azarian, G, Khazaei, S, Abbasi, M, Asghari, B, Masoumi, S, Komaki, H, Taherkhani, A, Adabi, M, Abbasifard, M, Bazmandegan, G, Kamiab, Z, Vakilian, A, Anjomshoa, M, Mokari, A, Sabour, S, Shahbaz, M, Saeedi, R, Ahmadieh, H, Yousefinezhadi, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Nikbakhsh, R, Safi, S, Asgari, S, Irvani, SN, Jahanmehr, N, Ramezanzadeh, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Abbastabar, H, Shirkoohi, R, Fazlzadeh, M, Janjani, H, Hosseini, M, Mansournia, M, Tohidinik, H, Bakhtiari, A, Fazaeli, A, Mousavi, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Nabavizadeh, B, Malekzadeh, R, Hashemian, M, Pourshams, A, Salimzadeh, H, Sepanlou, SG, Afarideh, M, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Ghajar, A, Heidari, B, Rezaei, N, Mohamadi, E, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahim, F, Eskandarieh, S, Sahraian, M, Mohebi, F, Aminorroaya, A, Ebrahimi, H, Farzadfar, F, Mohajer, B, Pishgar, F, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Shabani, M, Zarafshan, H, Abolhassani, H, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Abdollahi, M, Farahmand, M, Salamati, P, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Tajdini, M, Aghamir, S, Mirzaei, R, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Khater, MM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abualhasan, A, El-Jaafary, SI, Hassan, A, Elsharkawy, A, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Akombi-Inyang, Blessing ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, John, Oommen ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-1726, and Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X
- Abstract
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.
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- 2020
166. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
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Hamadeh R.R., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle C.D., Castro E., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Chalek J., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Compton K., Croneberger A.J., Cruz J.A., Cunningham M., Dangel W.J., Dean F.E., DeCleene N.K., Deen A., Degenhardt L., Dingels Z.V., Dippenaar I.N., Dirac M.A., Dolgert A.J., Emmons-Bell S., Estep K., Farag T., Feigin V.L., Feldman R., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Fitzgerald R., Force L.M., Fox J.T., Frank T.D., Fu W., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Fullman N., Galles N.C., Gardner W.M., Gershberg Hayoon A., Goren E., Gorman T.M., Gottlich H.C., Guo G., Haddock B., Hagins H., Haile L.M., Hamilton E.B., Han C., Han H., Harvey J.D., Henny K., Henrikson H.J., Henry N.J., Herbert M.E., Hsiao T., Huynh C.K., Iannucci V.C., Ippolito H., Irvine C.M.S., Jafari H., Jahagirdar D., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Keller C., Kemmer L., Kendrick P.J., Knight M., Kocarnik J.M., Krohn K.J., Larson S.L., Lau K.M., Ledesma J.R., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Lescinsky H., Lin C., Liu H., Liu Z., Lo J., Lu A., Ma J., Maddison E.R., Manguerra H., Marks A., Martopullo I., Mastrogiacomo C.I., May E.A., Mooney M.D., Mosser J.F., Mullany E.C., Mumford J., Munro S.B., Nandakumar V., Nguyen J., Nguyen M., Nichols E., Nixon M.R., Odell C.M., Ong K.L., Orji A.U., Ostroff S.M., Pasovic M., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Pennini A., Pierce M., Pilz T.M., Pletcher M., Rao P.C., Razo C., Redford S.B., Reinig N., Reitsma M.B., Rhinehart P., Robalik T., Roberts N.L.S., Rolfe S., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Shackelford K.A., Shadid J., Sharara F., Shaw D.H., Sheena B.S., Simpson K.E., Smith A., Spencer C.N., Spurlock E.E., Stark B.A., Steiner C., Steuben K.M., Sylte D.O., Tang M., Taylor H.J., Terrason S., Thomson A.M., Torre A.E., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Vongpradith A., Walters M.K., Wang J., Watson A., Watson S., Whisnant J.L., Whiteford H.A., Wiens K.E., Wilner L.B., Wilson S., Wool E.E., Wozniak S.S., Wu J., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yearwood J.A., York H.W., Yuan C., Zhao J.T., Zheng P., Zimsen S.R.M., Zlavog B.S., Chang A.Y., Oren E., Buchbinder R., Chin K.L., Guo Y., Polkinghorne K.R., Thrift A.G., Ackerman I.N., Cicuttini F.M., Li S., Zaman S., Suleria H., Cowie B.C., Wijeratne T., Patton G.C., Sawyer S.M., Adair T., Meretoja A., Adetokunboh O.O., Adamu A.A., Iwu C.J., Parry C.D.H., Seedat S., Ndwandwe D.E., Mahasha P.W., Stein D.J., Nnaji C.A., Sambala E.Z., Wiysonge C.S., Adebayo O.M., Ilesanmi O.S., Owolabi M.O., Adeoye A.M., Adedeji I.A., Adekanmbi V., Ibitoye S.E., John-Akinola Y.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Oghenetega O.B., Akinyemi R.O., Zandian H., Adham D., Zahirian Moghadam T., Advani S.M., Teagle W.L., Braithwaite D., Agasthi P., Saadatagah S., Afshari M., Agardh E.E., Allebeck P., Danielsson A., Deuba K., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S., Arnlov J., Nowak C., Cederroth C.R., Ahmadi A., Mills E.J., Kurmi O.P., Olagunju A.T., Agarwal G., Sathish T., Aghaali M., Mohammadbeigi A., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Maleki S., Naderi M., Salahshoor M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Almasi A., Salimi Y., Siabani S., Ziapour A., Barzegar A., Khazaie H., Kianipour N., Amiri F., Salehi Zahabi S., Mirzaei M., Shamsi M., Najafi F., Jalali A., Ghadiri K., Heydarpour F., Fattahi N., Karami Matin B., Kazemi Karyani A., Pirsaheb M., Rajati F., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Vasseghian Y., Atafar Z., Jalilian F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Saeidi S., Soofi M., Zangeneh A., Mansouri B., Ahmadi M., Khafaie M.A., Safiri S., Moghadaszadeh M., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Doshmangir L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Ghafourifard M., Spotin A., Khodayari M., Samadi Kafil H., Kalankesh L.R., Ahmadpour E., Yousefi B., Ansari F., Hassankhani H., Karimi S., Haririan H., Mereta S., Ahmed M.B., Feyissa G.T., Ciobanu L.G., Aji B., Aynalem G.L., Gebresillassie B., Tefera Y.G., Akalu T.Y., Baraki A.G., Tesema G.A., Tessema Z.T., Tamiru A.T., Azene Z.N., Netsere H.B., Yano Y., Akinyemiju T., Wu C., Zadey S., Samad Z., Ji J.S., Doshi P.P., John O., Jha V., Maulik P.K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Mitchell P.B., Sachdev P.S., Akombi B., Godinho M.A., Ivers R.Q., Peden A.E., Biswas R., Boufous S., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Hammer M.S., van Donkelaar A., Al-Aly Z., Dellavalle R.P., Alam S., Martin R.V., Alam N., De Leo D., Tadakamadla S.K., Alam K., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Avila-Burgos L., Servan-Mori E., Denova-Gutierrez E., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Morales L., Poznanska A., Wojtyniak B., Rivera J.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano Rincon J., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Mengesha M.B., Welay F.T., Alema N.M., Demsie D.G., Teame H., Teklehaimanot B.F., Alemu B.W., Gultie T., Bante A.B., Yeshitila Y.G., Geramo Y.C.D., Glagn M., Sorrie M.B., W/hawariat F.G., Amare A., Kasa A., Alemu Y., Mihretie K.M., Atnafu D.D., Demeke F.M., Melese A., Bante S.A., Dessie G.A., Mengesha E.W., Nigatu D., Almadi M.A.H., Alhabib K.F., Mohammad Y., Altirkawi K.A., Temsah M., Kugbey N., Ayanore M.A., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alicandro G., Kalhor R., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Yusefzadeh H., Didarloo A., Alizade H., 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- Abstract
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
- Published
- 2020
167. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
- Author
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Hird T.R., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., Korotkova A.V., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., 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H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani J., Yoon S., Shin M., Kim C., Kim Y., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Topor-Madry R., Lallukka T., Meretoja T.J., Shivakumar K.M., Knudsen A.S., Sulo G., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Krishan K., KS S., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Yuce D., Rawat R., Meitei W.B., Kumar P., 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Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., and Shamsizadeh M.
- Abstract
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Method(s): 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a B
- Published
- 2020
168. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17.
- Author
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Sathish T., Tesfay B.E., Tesfay F.H., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Toma A., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M.S., Uzochukwu B.S.C., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Violante F.S., Vollmer S., Whawariat F.G., Waheed Y., Wallin M.T., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weaver M., Weji B.G., Weldesamuel G.T., Welgan C.A., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wiysonge C.S., Wolde H.F., Wondafrash D.Z., Wonde T.E., Worku G.T., Wu A.-M., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamada T., Yatsuya H., Yeshaneh A., Yilgwan C.S., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zepro N.B., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhao X.-J.G., Ziapour A., Zodpey S., Zuniga Y.M.H., Hay S.I., Reiner R.C., Singh A., Wiens K.E., Lindstedt P.A., Blacker B.F., Johnson K.B., Baumann M.M., Schaeffer L.E., 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Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Balakrishnan S., Bali A.G., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bay V.D., Bayati M., Baye E., Bedi N., Beheshti M., Behzadifar M., Bekele B.B., Belayneh Y.M., Bell M.L., Bennett D.A., Berbada D.A., Bernstein R.S., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhaumik S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birihane B.M., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Bojia H.A., Boufous S., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Britton G.B., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cano J., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Chanie W.F., Chatterjee P., Chattu V.K., Chichiabellu T.Y., Chin K.L., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Cormier N.M., Costa V.M., Culquichicon C., Daba M.S., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dang A.K., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das J.K., Das Gupta R.D., Dash A.P., Davey G., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davis A.C., Davitoiu D.V., De 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A., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile D.H., Hailu G.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Haririan H., Hariyani N., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasanpoor E., Hasanzadeh A., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Hegazy M.I., Heibati B., Heidari B., Hendrie D., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Hidru H.D.D., Hird T.R., Hoang C.L., Homaie Rad E.H., Hoogar P., Hoseini M., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Hussen M.M., Ibitoye S.E., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Imani-Nasab M.H., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Izadi N., Jaca A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jayatilleke A.U., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahsay A., Kalani H., Kanchan T., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karim M.A., Karimi-Sari Surendra Karki H., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G.G., Kasahun Y.C., Kasaye H.K., Kassa G.G., Kassa G.M., Kayode 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M.A., Mapoma C.C., Maravilla J.C., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mathur M.R., Mayala B.K., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehta K.M., Mekonnen T.C., Meles G.G., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mereta S.T., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Mihretie K.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Mohajer B., Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad K.A., Mohammad Y., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadibakhsh R., Mohammadifard N., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moore C.E., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morales L., Moreno Velasquez I., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mozaffor M., Muchie K.F., Mulaw G.F., Munro S.B., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J., Murthy G.V.S., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naidoo K.S., Naik G., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nascimento B.R., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Netsere H.B., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nigatu D., Nigatu S.G., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Nojomi M., Nong V.M., Norheim O.F., Noubiap J.J., Nouraei Motlagh S., Oancea B., Ogah O.S., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Oren E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Osarenotor O., Osei F.B., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak A., Patton G.C., Paudel D., Paulos K., Pepito V.C.F., Pereira A., Perico N., Pervaiz A., Pescarini J.M., Piroozi B., Pirsaheb M., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prada S.I., Prasad N., Preotescu L., Quintana H., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rahman S., Rajati F., Rana S.M., Ranabhat C.L., Rasella D., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawasia W.F., Renjith V., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Reta M.A., Rezaei N., Rezai M.S., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Rios-Blancas M., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roro E.M., Ross J.M., Rubagotti E., Rubino S., Saad A.M., Sabde Y.D., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Safari-Faramani R., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salahshoor M.R., Salam N., Salamati P., Salem H., Salem M.R., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Sao Jose B.P., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarkar K., Sarker A.R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saxena S., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Servan-Mori E., Shabaninejad H., Shafieesabet A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shallo S.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharifi H., Shehata H.S., Sheikh A., Shetty B.S.K., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shifti D.M., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Singh N.P., Singh V., Sisay M.M., Skiadaresi E., Sobhiyeh M.R., Sokhan A., Soltani S., Somayaji R., Soofi M., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Sultana M., Sunguya B.F., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadesse D.B., Tarigan I.U., Tasew A.A., Tefera Y.M., Tekle M.G., Temsah M., Sathish T., Tesfay B.E., Tesfay F.H., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Toma A., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M.S., Uzochukwu B.S.C., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Violante F.S., Vollmer S., Whawariat F.G., Waheed Y., Wallin M.T., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weaver M., Weji B.G., Weldesamuel G.T., Welgan C.A., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wiysonge C.S., Wolde H.F., Wondafrash D.Z., Wonde T.E., Worku G.T., Wu A.-M., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamada T., Yatsuya H., Yeshaneh A., Yilgwan C.S., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zepro N.B., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhao X.-J.G., Ziapour A., Zodpey S., Zuniga Y.M.H., Hay S.I., Reiner R.C., Singh A., Wiens K.E., Lindstedt P.A., Blacker B.F., Johnson K.B., Baumann M.M., Schaeffer L.E., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Abegaz K.H., Abejie A.N., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abualhasan A., Accrombessi M.M.K., Acharya D., Adabi M., Adamu A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adedoyin R.A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adhena B.M., Afarideh M., Ahmad S., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A.E., Ahmed M.B., Ahmed R., Akalu T.Y., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam N., Alam S., Alamene G.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Ali B.A., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Amini S., Amit A.M.L., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Anoushiravani A., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Antony B., Antriyandarti E., Arabloo J., Aref H.M.A., Aremu O., Armoon B., Arora A., Aryal K.K., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atalay H.T., Athari S.S., Athari S.M., Atre S.R., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azari S., Azzopardi P.S., Babaee E., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Balakrishnan S., Bali A.G., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bay V.D., Bayati M., Baye E., Bedi N., Beheshti M., Behzadifar M., Bekele B.B., Belayneh Y.M., Bell M.L., Bennett D.A., Berbada D.A., Bernstein R.S., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhaumik S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birihane B.M., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Bojia H.A., Boufous S., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Britton G.B., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cano J., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Chanie W.F., Chatterjee P., Chattu V.K., Chichiabellu T.Y., Chin K.L., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Cormier N.M., Costa V.M., Culquichicon C., Daba M.S., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dang A.K., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das J.K., Das Gupta R.D., Dash A.P., Davey G., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davis A.C., Davitoiu D.V., De la Hoz F.P., Demis A.B., Demissie D.B., Demissie G.D., Demoz G.T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Doyle K.E., Dubljanin E., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Edinur H.A., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Nahas N., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elkout H., Elsharkawy A., Elyazar I.R.F., Endalamaw A., Endalew D.A., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Etemadi A., Ezekannagha O., Fareed M., Faridnia R., Farzadfar F., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V.L., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gayesa R.T., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gesesew H.A., Gezae K.E., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Ghimire P.R., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Ginindza T.G., Gomes N.G., Gopalani S.V., Goulart A.C., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile D.H., Hailu G.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Haririan H., Hariyani N., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasanpoor E., Hasanzadeh A., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Hegazy M.I., Heibati B., Heidari B., Hendrie D., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Hidru H.D.D., Hird T.R., Hoang C.L., Homaie Rad E.H., Hoogar P., Hoseini M., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Hussen M.M., Ibitoye S.E., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Imani-Nasab M.H., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Izadi N., Jaca A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jayatilleke A.U., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahsay A., Kalani H., Kanchan T., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karim M.A., Karimi-Sari Surendra Karki H., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G.G., Kasahun Y.C., Kasaye H.K., Kassa G.G., Kassa G.M., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kebede M.M., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore A.G., Kengne A.P., Ketema D.B., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalid N., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khan M.S., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khosravi M.H., Khubchandani J., Kiadaliri A., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissoon N., Shivakumar K.M., Kochhar S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Kugbey N., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar V., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lad S.D., Lal D.K., Lam F., Lami F.H., Lamichhane P., Lansingh V.C., Lasrado S., Laxmaiah A., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Leili M., Lenjebo T.L., Leshargie C.T., Levine A.J., Li S., Linn S., Liu S., Lodha R., Longbottom J., Lopez J.C.F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad DR., Mahasha P.W., Mahotra N.B., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Manda A.L., Manohar N.D.D., Mansournia M.A., Mapoma C.C., Maravilla J.C., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mathur M.R., Mayala B.K., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehta K.M., Mekonnen T.C., Meles G.G., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mereta S.T., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Mihretie K.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Mohajer B., Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad K.A., Mohammad Y., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadibakhsh R., Mohammadifard N., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moore C.E., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morales L., Moreno Velasquez I., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mozaffor M., Muchie K.F., Mulaw G.F., Munro S.B., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J., Murthy G.V.S., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naidoo K.S., Naik G., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nascimento B.R., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Netsere H.B., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nigatu D., Nigatu S.G., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Nojomi M., Nong V.M., Norheim O.F., Noubiap J.J., Nouraei Motlagh S., Oancea B., Ogah O.S., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Oren E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Osarenotor O., Osei F.B., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak A., Patton G.C., Paudel D., Paulos K., Pepito V.C.F., Pereira A., Perico N., Pervaiz A., Pescarini J.M., Piroozi B., Pirsaheb M., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prada S.I., Prasad N., Preotescu L., Quintana H., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rahman S., Rajati F., Rana S.M., Ranabhat C.L., Rasella D., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawasia W.F., Renjith V., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Reta M.A., Rezaei N., Rezai M.S., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Rios-Blancas M., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roro E.M., Ross J.M., Rubagotti E., Rubino S., Saad A.M., Sabde Y.D., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Safari-Faramani R., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salahshoor M.R., Salam N., Salamati P., Salem H., Salem M.R., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Sao Jose B.P., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarkar K., Sarker A.R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saxena S., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Servan-Mori E., Shabaninejad H., Shafieesabet A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shallo S.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharifi H., Shehata H.S., Sheikh A., Shetty B.S.K., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shifti D.M., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Singh N.P., Singh V., Sisay M.M., Skiadaresi E., Sobhiyeh M.R., Sokhan A., Soltani S., Somayaji R., Soofi M., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Sultana M., Sunguya B.F., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadesse D.B., Tarigan I.U., Tasew A.A., Tefera Y.M., Tekle M.G., and Temsah M.
- Abstract
Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Method(s): We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000-17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Finding(s): While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62.6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000-7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT co
- Published
- 2020
169. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
- Author
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Wiens, KE, Lindstedt, PA, Blacker, BF, Johnson, KB, Baumann, MM, Schaeffer, LE, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abegaz, KH, Abejie, AN, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abualhasan, A, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhena, BM, Afarideh, M, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, R, Akalu, TY, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, N, Alam, S, Alamene, GM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Ali, BA, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amini, S, Amit, AML, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Anoushiravani, A, Ansari, F, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Antriyandarti, E, Arabloo, J, Aref, HMA, Aremu, O, Armoon, B, Arora, A, Aryal, KK, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Atalay, HT, Athari, SS, Athari, SM, Atre, SR, Ausloos, M, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azzopardi, PS, Babaee, E, Babalola, TK, Badawi, A, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, SM, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, AG, Banach, M, Banoub, JAM, Barac, A, Bärnighausen, TW, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bay, VD, Bayati, M, Baye, E, Bedi, N, Beheshti, M, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, BB, Belayneh, YM, Bell, ML, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Karki, Surendra ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-4171, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Naidoo, Kovin ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-9779, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-4453, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X, Wiens, KE, Lindstedt, PA, Blacker, BF, Johnson, KB, Baumann, MM, Schaeffer, LE, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abegaz, KH, Abejie, AN, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abualhasan, A, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhena, BM, Afarideh, M, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, R, Akalu, TY, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, N, Alam, S, Alamene, GM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Ali, BA, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amini, S, Amit, AML, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Anoushiravani, A, Ansari, F, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Antriyandarti, E, Arabloo, J, Aref, HMA, Aremu, O, Armoon, B, Arora, A, Aryal, KK, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Atalay, HT, Athari, SS, Athari, SM, Atre, SR, Ausloos, M, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azzopardi, PS, Babaee, E, Babalola, TK, Badawi, A, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, SM, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, AG, Banach, M, Banoub, JAM, Barac, A, Bärnighausen, TW, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bay, VD, Bayati, M, Baye, E, Bedi, N, Beheshti, M, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, BB, Belayneh, YM, Bell, ML, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Karki, Surendra ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-4171, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Naidoo, Kovin ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-9779, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-4453, Resnikoff, Serge ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446, and Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X
- Abstract
Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT covera
- Published
- 2020
170. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Sub Foundations&PhilosophyofNaturSc begr, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Murray, Christopher J.L., Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Agarwal, Gina, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, Alhabib, Khalid F., Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahram, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michellr L., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bohlouli, Somayeh, 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Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Compton, Kelly, Cooper, Owen R., Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cross, Di H., Cruz, Jessica A., Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna Karin, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Dorostkar, Fariba, 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Furtado, João M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geremew, Abraham, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Gething, Peter W., Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G.G., Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C., Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tarun, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Hammer, Melanie S., Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henrikson, Hannah J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Hoek, Hans W., Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinéad M., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M., Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Naserbakht, Morteza, Nayak, Vinod C., Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Minh, Nigatu, Yeshambel T., Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nixon, Molly R., Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Oţoiu, Adrian, Oancea, Bogdan, Odell, Christopher M., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B., Ostroff, Samuel M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Parry, Charles D.H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, David M., Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pilz, Tessa M., Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, V., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rashedi, Vahid, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Redford, Sofia Boston, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sajadi, S. 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Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinéad M., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M., Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Naserbakht, Morteza, Nayak, Vinod C., Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Minh, Nigatu, Yeshambel T., Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nixon, Molly R., Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Oţoiu, Adrian, Oancea, Bogdan, Odell, Christopher M., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B., Ostroff, Samuel M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Parry, Charles D.H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, David M., Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pilz, Tessa M., Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, V., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rashedi, Vahid, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Redford, Sofia Boston, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sajadi, S. 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Jason, Westerman, Ronny, Whisnant, Joanna L., Whiteford, Harvey A., Wiens, Kirsten E., Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wozniak, Sarah S., Wu, Ai Min, Wu, Junjie, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xu, Gelin, Xu, Rixing, Yadgir, Simon, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yaminfirooz, Mousa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yeheyis, Tomas Y., Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Bahman, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi Jiang, Zhao, Jeff T., Zhao, Xiu Ju George, Zhao, Yingxi, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Zimsen, Stephanie R.M., Brauer, Michael, Afshin, Ashkan, and Lim, Stephen S.
- Published
- 2020
171. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Parisa, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Aboyans, Victor, Abrams, Elissa M., Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N., Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adamu, Abdu A., Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie D., Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E., Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Agesa, Kareha M., Aghaali, Mohammad, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aji, Budi, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Albertson, Samuel B., Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alema, Niguse Meles, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhabib, Khalid F., Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Almasri, Nihad A., Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Almulhim, Abdulaziz M., Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amare, Azmeraw T., Amare, Bekalu, Amini, Saeed, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amugsi, Dickson A., Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe, Aremu, Olatunde, Ariani, Filippo, Aripov, Timur, Armoon, Bahram, Arnlov, Johan, Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan, Aryal, Krishna K., Arzani, Afsaneh, Asaad, Malke, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari, Babak, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atre, Sachin R., Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Getie Lake, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Azhar, Gulrez, Azzopardi, Peter S., Darshan, B. B., Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balachandran, Arun, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balassyano, Shelly, Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Banik, Palash Chandra, Bannick, Marlena S., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Bante, Simachew Animen, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Barzegar, Akbar, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bejot, Yannick, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bender, Rose G., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benziger, Catherine P., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Bertolacci, Gregory J., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bibi, Sadia, Biehl, Molly H., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bjorge, Tone, Bockarie, Moses John, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzi, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bose, Dipan, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Brayne, Carol, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Breusov, Alexey V., Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M., Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Brugha, Traolach, Bryazka, Dana, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton S. K. H., Camera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Cao, Jackie, Car, Josip, Cardenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castle, Chris D., Castro, Emma, Castro, Franz, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chalek, Julian, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Alex R., Chang, Angela Y., Chang, Jung-Chen, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charan, Jaykaran, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Cislaghi, Beniamino, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Collins, Emma L., Comfort, Haley, Compton, Kelly, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Owen R., Corso, Barbara, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cowie, Benjamin C., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Croneberger, Andrew J., Cross, Di H., Cross, Marita, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cruz, Jessica A., Cummins, Steven, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., Dai, Haijiang, Dai, Hancheng, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna-Karin, Gela, Jiregna Darega, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, Jose, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davey, Gail, Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis, Adrian C., Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dean, Frances E., DeCleene, Nicole K., Deen, Amanda, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar, Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Rupak, Desalew, Assefa, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deuba, Keshab, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, da Silva, Diana Dias, Diaz, Daniel, Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji, Dichgans, Martin, Didarloo, Alireza, Dingels, Zachary V., Dippenaar, Ilse N., Dirac, M. Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dolecek, Christiane, Dolgert, Andrew J., Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P., Doshi, Pratik P., Doshmangir, Leila, Douiri, Abdel, Doxey, Matthew C., Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Ehrlich, Joshua R., El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., Elsharkawy, Aisha, Elyazar, Iqbal R. 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F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Fanzo, Jessica, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Fitzgerald, Ryan, Flohr, Carsten, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Fornari, Carla, Foroutan, Masoud, Fox, Jack T., Francis, Joel Msafiri, Frank, Tahvi D., Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E., Fullman, Nancy, Furtado, Joao M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Galles, Natalie C., Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebremeskel, Leake G., Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Geremew, Abraham, Hayoon, Anna Gershberg, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Ginindza, Themba G., Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Giussani, Giorgia, Glagn, Mustefa, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goren, Emily, Gorini, Giuseppe, Gorman, Taren M., Gottlich, Harrison Chase, Goudarzi, Houman, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, Goulart, Alessandra C., Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudi, Nachiket, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guimaraes, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gultie, Teklemariam, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Sharan, Subodh, Gupta, Tarun, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Hagins, Hailey, Haile, Lydia M., Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamilton, Erin B., Hammer, Melanie S., Han, Chieh, Han, Hannah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Harvey, James D., Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henny, Kiana, Henok, Andualem, Henrikson, Hannah J., Henry, Nathaniel J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Hugo, Fernando N., Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Rabia, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, MdMohaimenul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C. 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Q., Kohler, Stefan, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Shaji, K. S., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. 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N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, Mensah, George A., Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Milne, George J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B., Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamad, Osama, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Bandpei, Mohammad A. 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H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R., Patel, Sangram Kishor, Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J., Pathak, Ashish, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paudel, Sagun, Paulson, Katherine R., Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pease, Spencer A., Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Pereira, Jeevan, Perico, Norberto, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pierce, Maxwell, Pigott, David M., Pilgrim, Thomas, Pilz, Tessa M., Pinheiro, Marina, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Polibin, Roman V., Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pottoo, Faheem Hyder, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza, Pourshams, Akram, Poznanska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, Sanjay, Prakash, V., Prasad, Narayan, Preotescu, Liliana, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranta, Annemarei, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Boston, Sofia, Regassa, Lemma Demissie, Reiner, Robert C., Jr., Reinig, Nickolas, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Robalik, Toshana, Roberts, Nicholas L. S., Roberts, Shaun, Robinson, Stephen R., Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Rolfe, Sam, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Saeidi, Shahram, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. 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- Abstract
In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the post
- Published
- 2020
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172. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17
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(Andre), Karki, S. (Surendra), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Kasahun, G. G. (Gebremicheal Gebreslassie), Kasaye, H. K. (Habtamu Kebebe), Kassa, G. G. (Gebrehiwot G.), Kassa, G. M. (Getachew Mullu), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Kebede, M. M. (Mihiretu M.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Ketema, D. B. (Daniel Bekele), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khafaie, M. A. (Morteza Abdullatif), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khalilov, R. (Rovshan), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, J. (Junaid), Khan, N. (Nuruzzaman), Khatab, K. (Khaled), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khayamzadeh, M. (Maryam), Khazaei, M. (Mohammad), Khosravi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kiadaliri, A. (Ali), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R. W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kolola, T. (Tufa), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Defo, B. K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kugbey, N. (Nuworza), Kumar, P. 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(Francisco Rogerlandio), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Mayala, B. K. (Benjamin K.), Mazidi, M. (Mohsen), McAlinden, C. (Colm), Meharie, B. G. (Birhanu Geta), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Nasab, E. M. (Entezar Mehrabi), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Mekonnen, T. (Teferi), Mekonnen, T. C. (Tefera Chane), Meles, G. G. (Gebrekiros Gebremichael), Meles, H. G. (Hagazi Gebre), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Memish, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mereta, S. T. (Seid Tiku), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Metekiya, W. M. (Workua Mekonnen), Miazgowski, B. (Bartosz), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadibakhsh, R. (Roghayeh), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohammed, J. A. (Jemal Abdu), Mohammed, H. (Hassen), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morales, L. (Linda), Mosapour, A. (Abbas), Mosser, J. F. (Jonathan F.), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mozaffor, M. (Miliva), Munro, S. B. (Sandra B.), Muriithi, M. K. (Moses K.), Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naghavi, M. (Mohsen), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nascimento, B. R. (Bruno Ramos), Nazari, J. (Javad), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Netsere, H. B. (Henok Biresaw), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, Q. P. (QuynhAnh P.), Nigatu, S. G. (Solomon Gedlu), Ningrum, D. N. (Dina Nur Anggraini), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nojomi, M. (Marzieh), Norheim, O. F. (Ole F.), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Ogbo, F. A. (Felix Akpojene), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. (Doris, V), Osarenotor, O. (Osayomwanbo), Osei, F. B. (Frank B.), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakhale, S. (Smita), Pana, A. (Adrian), Park, E.-K. (Eun-Kee), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Pathak, A. (Ashish), Patle, A. (Ajay), Paulos, K. (Kebreab), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pervaiz, A. (Aslam), Pescarini, J. M. (Julia Moreira), Pesudovs, K. (Konrad), Pham, H. Q. (Hai Quang), Pigott, D. M. (David M.), Pilgrim, T. (Thomas), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Poljak, M. (Mario), Pollock, I. (Ian), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Prada, S. I. (Sergio, I), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Rabiee, M. (Mohammad), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahim, F. (Fakher), Rahimi, S. (Siavash), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rahman, M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rao, P. C. (Puja C.), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rath, G. K. (Goura Kishor), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawal, L. (Lal), Rawasia, W. F. (Wasiq Faraz), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Riahi, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Ribeiro, A. I. (Ana Isabel), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rubino, S. (Salvatore), Saad, A. M. (Anas M.), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salam, N. (Nasir), Saleem, A. (Ahsan), Salem, H. (Hosni), Salem, M. R. (Marwa Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santos, I. S. (Itamar S.), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Sao Jose, B. P. (Bruno Piassi), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Satpathy, M. (Maheswar), Sawhney, M. (Monika), Sayyah, M. (Mehdi), Sbarra, A. N. (Alyssa N.), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shafieesabet, A. (Azadeh), Shaheen, A. A. (Amira A.), Shahid, I. (Izza), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharma, R. (Rajesh), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shetty, B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar), Shiferaw, W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw), Shigematsu, M. (Mika), Shin, J. I. (Jae Il), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shirkoohi, R. (Reza), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), Si, S. (Si), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Siddiqi, T. J. (Tariq Jamal), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, V. (Virendra), Singh, N. P. (Narinder Pal), Singh, B. B. (Balbir Bagicha Singh), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Singh, A. (Ambrish), Sinha, D. N. (Dhirendra Narain), Sisay, M. M. (Malede Mequanent), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Smith, D. L. (David L.), Filho, A. M. (Adauto Martins Soares), Sobhiyeh, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Soriano, J. B. (Joan B.), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Spurlock, E. E. (Emma Elizabeth), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Suleria, H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabuchi, T. (Takahiro), Tadesse, D. B. (Degena Bahrey), Tarigan, I. U. (Ingan Ukur), Taye, B. (Bineyam), Tefera, Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin), Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. (Arash), Tekelemedhin, S. W. (Shishay Wahdey), Tekle, M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Tesfay, B. E. (Berhe Etsay), Tesfay, F. H. (Fisaha Haile), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), ThekkePurakkal, A. S. (Akhil Soman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Thompson, R. L. (Robert L.), Thomson, A. J. (Alan J.), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Usman, M. S. (Muhammad Shariq), Uthman, O. A. (Olalekan A.), Uzochukwu, B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Varughese, S. (Santosh), Veisani, Y. (Yousef), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vollmer, S. (Sebastian), Whawariat, F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Wallin, M. T. (Mitchell Taylor), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Wang, Y. (Yafeng), Wangdi, K. (Kinley), Weiss, D. J. (Daniel J.), Weldesamuel, G. T. (Girmay Teklay), Werkneh, A. A. (Adhena Ayaliew), Westerman, R. (Ronny), Wiangkham, T. (Taweewat), Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Wijeratne, T. (Tissa), Wiysonge, C. S. (Charles Shey), Wolde, H. F. (Haileab Fekadu), Wondafrash, D. Z. (Dawit Zewdu), Wonde, T. E. (Tewodros Eshete), Worku, G. T. (Getasew Taddesse), Yadollahpour, A. (Ali), Jabbari, S. H. (Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yaseri, M. (Mehdi), Yatsuya, H. (Hiroshi), Yeshaneh, A. (Alex), Yilma, M. T. (Mekdes Tigistu), Yip, P. (Paul), Yisma, E. (Engida), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Younis, M. Z. (Mustafa Z.), Yousof, H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Zadey, S. (Siddhesh), Moghadam, T. Z. (Telma Zahirian), Zaidi, Z. (Zoubida), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zar, H. J. (Heather J.), Zerfu, T. A. (Taddese Alemu), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Zodpey, S. (Sanjay), Zuniga, Y. M. (Yves Miel H.), Hay, S. I. (Simon, I), Reiner, R. C. (Robert C., Jr.), Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Miller-Petrie, M. K. (Molly K.), Lindstedt, P. A. (Paulina A.), Baumann, M. M. (Mathew M.), Johnson, K. B. (Kimberly B.), Blacker, B. F. (Brigette F.), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abdollahpour, I. (Ibrahim), Abegaz, K. H. (Kedir Hussein), Abejie, A. N. (Ayenew Negesse), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abualhasan, A. (Ahmed), Accrombessi, M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou), Adamu, A. A. (Abdu A.), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedeji, I. A. (Isaac Akinkunmi), Adedoyin, R. A. (Rufus Adesoji), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Adhikari, T. B. (Tara Ballav), Afarideh, M. (Mohsen), Agudelo-Botero, M. (Marcela), Ahmadi, M. (Mehdi), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Ahmed, A. E. (Anwar E.), Akalu, T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie), Akanda, A. S. (Ali S.), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, S. (Samiah), Alam, N. (Noore), Alamene, G. M. (Genet Melak), Alanzi, T. M. (Turki M.), Albright, J. (James), Albujeer, A. (Ammar), Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth), Alebel, A. (Animut), Alemu, Z. A. (Zewdie Aderaw), Ali, M. (Muhammad), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Aljunid, S. M. (Syed Mohamed), Almasi, A. (Ali), Almasi-Hashiani, A. (Amir), Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. (Hesham M.), Altirkawi, K. A. (Khalid A.), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J. (Nelson J.), Amini, S. (Saeed), Amit, A. M. (Arianna Maever L.), Amul, G. G. (Gianna Gayle Herrera), Andrei, C. L. (Catalina Liliana), Anjomshoa, M. (Mina), Ansariadi, A. (Ansariadi), Antonio, C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.), Antony, B. (Benny), Antriyandarti, E. (Ernoiz), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aref, H. M. (Hany Mohamed Amin), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Armoon, B. (Bahram), Arora, A. (Amit), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Arzani, A. (Afsaneh), Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (Mehran), Asmelash, D. (Daniel), Atalay, H. T. (Hagos Tasew), Athari, S. M. (Seyyede Masoume), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Atre, S. R. (Sachin R.), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Awasthi, S. (Shally), Awoke, N. (Nefsu), Quintanilla, B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Ayano, G. (Getinet), Ayanore, M. A. (Martin Amogre), Aynalem, Y. A. (Yared Asmare), Azari, S. (Samad), Azman, A. S. (Andrew S.), Babaee, E. (Ebrahim), Badawi, A. (Alaa), Bagherzadeh, M. (Mojtaba), Bakkannavar, S. M. (Shankar M.), Balakrishnan, S. (Senthilkumar), Banach, M. (Maciej), Banoub, J. A. (Joseph Adel Mattar), Barac, A. (Aleksandra), Barboza, M. A. (Miguel A.), Barnighausen, T. W. (Till Winfried), Basu, S. (Sanjay), . (), Bayati, M. (Mohsen), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Beheshti, M. (Mahya), Behzadifar, M. (Meysam), Behzadifar, M. (Masoud), Ramirez, D. F. (Diana Fernanda Bejarano), Bell, M. L. (Michelle L.), Bennett, D. A. (Derrick A.), Benzian, H. (Habib), Berbada, D. A. (Dessalegn Ajema), Bernstein, R. S. (Robert S.), Bhat, A. G. (Anusha Ganapati), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhaumik, S. (Soumyadeep), Bhutta, Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.), Bijani, A. (Ali), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Bin Sayeed, M. S. (Muhammad Shahdaat), Biswas, R. K. (Raaj Kishore), Bohlouli, S. (Somayeh), Boufous, S. (Soufiane), Brady, O. J. (Oliver J.), Briko, A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Britton, G. B. (Gabrielle B.), Brown, A. (Alexandria), Nagaraja, S. B. (Sharath Burugina), Butt, Z. A. (Zahid A.), Camera, L. A. (Luis Alberto), Campos-Nonato, I. R. (Ismael R.), Rincon, J. C. (Julio Cesar Campuzano), Cano, J. (Jorge), Car, J. (Josip), Cardenas, R. (Rosario), Carvalho, F. (Felix), Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A. (Carlos A.), Castro, F. (Franz), Cerin, E. (Ester), Chalise, B. (Binaya), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chin, K. L. (Ken Lee), Christopher, D. J. (Devasahayam J.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Cormier, N. M. (Natalie Maria), Costa, V. M. (Vera Marisa), Cromwell, E. A. (Elizabeth A.), Dadi, A. F. (Abel Fekadu Fekadu), Dahiru, T. (Tukur), Dahlawi, S. M. (Saad M. A.), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dang, A. K. (Anh Kim), Daoud, F. (Farah), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Darwish, A. H. (Amira Hamed), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das, J. K. (Jai K.), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), Dash, A. P. (Aditya Prasad), Davila-Cervantes, C. A. (Claudio Alberto), Weaver, N. D. (Nicole Davis), De la Hoz, F. P. (Fernando Pio), De Neve, J.-W. (Jan-Walter), Demissie, D. B. (Dereje Bayissa), Demoz, G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalew, A. (Assefa), Dharmaratne, S. D. (Samath Dhamminda), Dhillon, P. (Preeti), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dipeolu, I. O. (Isaac Oluwafemi), Dolecek, C. (Christiane), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Edinur, H. A. (Hisham Atan), Effiong, A. (Andem), Eftekhari, A. (Aziz), El Nahas, N. (Nevine), Zaki, M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elhabashy, H. R. (Hala Rashad), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa, I), El-Khatib, Z. (Ziad), Elkout, H. (Hajer), Elsharkawy, A. (Aisha), Enany, S. (Shymaa), Endalew, D. A. (Daniel Adane), Eshrati, B. (Babak), Eskandarieh, S. (Sharareh), Etemadi, A. (Arash), Ezekannagha, O. (Oluchi), Faraon, E. J. (Emerito Jose A.), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faro, A. (Andre), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fasil, A. F. (Alebachew Fasil), Fazlzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Feigin, V. L. (Valery L.), Fekadu, W. (Wubalem), Fentahun, N. (Netsanet), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fernandes, E. (Eduarda), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Flohr, C. (Carsten), Foigt, N. A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Foroutan, M. (Masoud), Franklin, R. C. (Richard Charles), Frostad, J. J. (Joseph Jon), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gad, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Garcia, G. M. (Gregory M.), Gatotoh, A. M. (Augustine Mwangi), Gayesa, R. T. (Reta Tsegaye), Gebremedhin, K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork), Geramo, Y. C. (Yilma Chisha Dea), Gesesew, H. A. (Hailay Abrha), Gezae, K. E. (Kebede Embaye), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Sherbaf, F. G. (Farzaneh Ghazi), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Ginindza, T. G. (Themba G.), Girmay, A. (Alem), Gizaw, Z. (Zemichael), Goodridge, A. (Amador), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, B. N. (Barbara Niegia Garcia), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Grada, A. (Ayman), Green, M. S. (Manfred S.), Gubari, M. I. (Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guido, D. (Davide), Guimaraes, R. A. (Rafael Alves), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gupta, R. (Rahul), Ha, G. H. (Giang Hai), Haagsma, J. A. (Juanita A.), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Haile, D. H. (Dessalegn H.), Haile, M. T. (Michael Tamene), Hall, B. J. (Brian J.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed, I), Hasan, M. (Mehedi), Hasanzadeh, A. (Amir), Hassen, H. Y. (Hamid Yimam), Hayelom, D. H. (Desta Haftu), Hegazy, M. I. (Mohamed, I), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari, B. (Behnam), Hendrie, D. (Delia), Henok, A. (Andualem), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), de Hidru, H. D. (Hagos Degefa), Hird, T. R. (Thomas R.), Hollerich, G. I. (Gillian, I), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Humayun, A. (Ayesha), Hussain, S. A. (Syed Ather), Hussen, M. A. (Mamusha Aman A.), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Iqbal, U. (Usman), Irvani, S. S. (Seyed Sina Naghibi), Islam, S. M. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Ivers, R. Q. (Rebecca Q.), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Jahanmehr, N. (Nader), Jakovljevic, M. (Mihajlo), Jalali, A. (Amir), Jayatilleke, A. U. (Achala Upendra), Jenabi, E. (Ensiyeh), Jha, R. P. (Ravi Prakash), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Ji, J. S. (John S.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jozwiak, J. J. (Jacek Jerzy), Kabir, A. (Ali), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Karch, A. (Andre), Karki, S. (Surendra), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Kasahun, G. G. (Gebremicheal Gebreslassie), Kasaye, H. K. (Habtamu Kebebe), Kassa, G. G. (Gebrehiwot G.), Kassa, G. M. (Getachew Mullu), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Kebede, M. M. (Mihiretu M.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Ketema, D. B. (Daniel Bekele), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khafaie, M. A. (Morteza Abdullatif), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khalilov, R. (Rovshan), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, J. (Junaid), Khan, N. (Nuruzzaman), Khatab, K. (Khaled), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khayamzadeh, M. (Maryam), Khazaei, M. (Mohammad), Khosravi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kiadaliri, A. (Ali), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R. W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kolola, T. (Tufa), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Defo, B. K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kugbey, N. (Nuworza), Kumar, P. (Pushpendra), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Kusuma, D. (Dian), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lacey, B. (Ben), Lal, A. (Aparna), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Lam, H. (Hilton), Lami, F. H. (Faris Hasan), Lansingh, V. C. (Van Charles), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Lebedev, G. (Georgy), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leili, M. (Mostafa), Lenjebo, T. L. (Tsegaye Lolaso), Leshargie, C. T. (Cheru Tesema), Levine, A. J. (Aubrey J.), Lewycka, S. (Sonia), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Liu, S. (Shiwei), Lopez, J. C. (Jaifred Christian F.), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Prasad, D. R. (D. R. Mahadeshwara), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahotra, N. B. (Narayan B.), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D. C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Martinez, G. (Gabriel), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Mayala, B. K. (Benjamin K.), Mazidi, M. (Mohsen), McAlinden, C. (Colm), Meharie, B. G. (Birhanu Geta), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Nasab, E. M. (Entezar Mehrabi), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Mekonnen, T. (Teferi), Mekonnen, T. C. (Tefera Chane), Meles, G. G. (Gebrekiros Gebremichael), Meles, H. G. (Hagazi Gebre), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Memish, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mereta, S. T. (Seid Tiku), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Metekiya, W. M. (Workua Mekonnen), Miazgowski, B. (Bartosz), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadibakhsh, R. (Roghayeh), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohammed, J. A. (Jemal Abdu), Mohammed, H. (Hassen), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morales, L. (Linda), Mosapour, A. (Abbas), Mosser, J. F. (Jonathan F.), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mozaffor, M. (Miliva), Munro, S. B. (Sandra B.), Muriithi, M. K. (Moses K.), Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naghavi, M. (Mohsen), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nascimento, B. R. (Bruno Ramos), Nazari, J. (Javad), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Netsere, H. B. (Henok Biresaw), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, Q. P. (QuynhAnh P.), Nigatu, S. G. (Solomon Gedlu), Ningrum, D. N. (Dina Nur Anggraini), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nojomi, M. (Marzieh), Norheim, O. F. (Ole F.), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Ogbo, F. A. (Felix Akpojene), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. (Doris, V), Osarenotor, O. (Osayomwanbo), Osei, F. B. (Frank B.), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakhale, S. (Smita), Pana, A. (Adrian), Park, E.-K. (Eun-Kee), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Pathak, A. (Ashish), Patle, A. (Ajay), Paulos, K. (Kebreab), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pervaiz, A. (Aslam), Pescarini, J. M. (Julia Moreira), Pesudovs, K. (Konrad), Pham, H. Q. (Hai Quang), Pigott, D. M. (David M.), Pilgrim, T. (Thomas), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Poljak, M. (Mario), Pollock, I. (Ian), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Prada, S. I. (Sergio, I), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Rabiee, M. (Mohammad), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahim, F. (Fakher), Rahimi, S. (Siavash), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rahman, M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rao, P. C. (Puja C.), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rath, G. K. (Goura Kishor), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawal, L. (Lal), Rawasia, W. F. (Wasiq Faraz), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Riahi, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Ribeiro, A. I. (Ana Isabel), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rubino, S. (Salvatore), Saad, A. M. (Anas M.), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salam, N. (Nasir), Saleem, A. (Ahsan), Salem, H. (Hosni), Salem, M. R. (Marwa Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santos, I. S. (Itamar S.), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Sao Jose, B. P. (Bruno Piassi), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Satpathy, M. (Maheswar), Sawhney, M. (Monika), Sayyah, M. (Mehdi), Sbarra, A. N. (Alyssa N.), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shafieesabet, A. (Azadeh), Shaheen, A. A. (Amira A.), Shahid, I. (Izza), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharma, R. (Rajesh), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shetty, B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar), Shiferaw, W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw), Shigematsu, M. (Mika), Shin, J. I. (Jae Il), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shirkoohi, R. (Reza), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), Si, S. (Si), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Siddiqi, T. J. (Tariq Jamal), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, V. (Virendra), Singh, N. P. (Narinder Pal), Singh, B. B. (Balbir Bagicha Singh), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Singh, A. (Ambrish), Sinha, D. N. (Dhirendra Narain), Sisay, M. M. (Malede Mequanent), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Smith, D. L. (David L.), Filho, A. M. (Adauto Martins Soares), Sobhiyeh, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Soriano, J. B. (Joan B.), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Spurlock, E. E. (Emma Elizabeth), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Suleria, H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabuchi, T. (Takahiro), Tadesse, D. B. (Degena Bahrey), Tarigan, I. U. (Ingan Ukur), Taye, B. (Bineyam), Tefera, Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin), Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. (Arash), Tekelemedhin, S. W. (Shishay Wahdey), Tekle, M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Tesfay, B. E. (Berhe Etsay), Tesfay, F. H. (Fisaha Haile), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), ThekkePurakkal, A. S. (Akhil Soman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Thompson, R. L. (Robert L.), Thomson, A. J. (Alan J.), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Usman, M. S. (Muhammad Shariq), Uthman, O. A. (Olalekan A.), Uzochukwu, B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Varughese, S. (Santosh), Veisani, Y. (Yousef), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vollmer, S. (Sebastian), Whawariat, F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Wallin, M. T. (Mitchell Taylor), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Wang, Y. (Yafeng), Wangdi, K. (Kinley), Weiss, D. J. (Daniel J.), Weldesamuel, G. T. (Girmay Teklay), Werkneh, A. A. (Adhena Ayaliew), Westerman, R. (Ronny), Wiangkham, T. (Taweewat), Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Wijeratne, T. (Tissa), Wiysonge, C. S. (Charles Shey), Wolde, H. F. (Haileab Fekadu), Wondafrash, D. Z. (Dawit Zewdu), Wonde, T. E. (Tewodros Eshete), Worku, G. T. (Getasew Taddesse), Yadollahpour, A. (Ali), Jabbari, S. H. (Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yaseri, M. (Mehdi), Yatsuya, H. (Hiroshi), Yeshaneh, A. (Alex), Yilma, M. T. (Mekdes Tigistu), Yip, P. (Paul), Yisma, E. (Engida), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Younis, M. Z. (Mustafa Z.), Yousof, H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Zadey, S. (Siddhesh), Moghadam, T. Z. (Telma Zahirian), Zaidi, Z. (Zoubida), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zar, H. J. (Heather J.), Zerfu, T. A. (Taddese Alemu), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Zodpey, S. (Sanjay), Zuniga, Y. M. (Yves Miel H.), Hay, S. I. (Simon, I), and Reiner, R. C. (Robert C., Jr.)
- Abstract
Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0)
- Published
- 2020
173. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17
- Author
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Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Lindstedt, P. A. (Paulina A.), Blacker, B. F. (Brigette F.), Johnson, K. B. (Kimberly B.), Baumann, M. M. (Mathew M.), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abdollahpour, I. (Ibrahim), Abegaz, K. H. (Kedir Hussein), Abejie, A. N. (Ayenew Negesse), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abualhasan, A. (Ahmed), Accrombessi, M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou), Acharya, D. (Dilaram), Adabi, M. (Maryam), Adamu, A. A. (Abdu A.), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedoyin, R. A. (Rufus Adesoji), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Adhena, B. M. (Beyene Meressa), Afarideh, M. (Mohsen), Ahmad, S. (Sohail), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmed, A. E. (Anwar E.), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Ahmed, R. (Rushdia), Akalu, T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, N. (Noore), Alam, S. (Samiah), Alamene, G. M. (Genet Melak), Alanzi, T. M. (Turki M.), Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth), Ali, B. A. (Beriwan Abdulqadir), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Aljunid, S. M. (Syed Mohamed), Almasi, A. (Ali), Almasi-Hashiani, A. (Amir), Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. (Hesham M.), Altirkawi, K. A. (Khalid A.), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J. (Nelson J.), Amini, S. (Saeed), Amit, A. M. (Arianna Maever L.), Andrei, C. L. (Catalina Liliana), Anjomshoa, M. (Mina), Anoushiravani, A. (Amir), Ansari, F. (Fereshteh), Antonio, C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.), Antony, B. (Benny), Antriyandarti, E. (Ernoiz), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aref, H. M. (Hany Mohamed Amin), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Armoon, B. (Bahram), Arora, A. (Amit), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Arzani, A. (Afsaneh), Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (Mehran), Atalay, H. T. (Hagos Tasew), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Athari, S. M. (Seyyede Masoume), Atre, S. R. (Sachin R.), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Awoke, N. (Nefsu), Quintanilla, B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Ayano, G. (Getinet), Ayanore, M. A. (Martin Amogre), Aynalem, Y. A. (Yared Asmare), Azari, S. (Samad), Azzopardi, P. S. (Peter S.), Babaee, E. (Ebrahim), Babalola, T. K. (Tesleem Kayode), Badawi, A. (Alaa), Bairwa, M. (Mohan), Bakkannavar, S. M. (Shankar M.), Balakrishnan, S. (Senthilkumar), Bali, A. G. (Ayele Geleto), Banach, M. (Maciej), Banoub, J. A. (Joseph Adel Mattar), Barac, A. (Aleksandra), Barnighausen, T. W. (Till Winfried), Basaleem, H. (Huda), Basu, S. (Sanjay), Bay, V. D. (Vo Dinh), Bayati, M. (Mohsen), Baye, E. (Estifanos), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Beheshti, M. (Mahya), Behzadifar, M. (Masoud), Behzadifar, M. (Meysam), Bekele, B. B. (Bayu Begashaw), Belayneh, Y. M. (Yaschilal Muche), Bell, M. L. (Michelle L.), Bennett, D. A. (Derrick A.), Berbada, D. A. (Dessalegn Ajema), Bernstein, R. S. (Robert S.), Bhat, A. G. (Anusha Ganapati), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhattarai, S. (Suraj), Bhaumik, S. (Soumyadeep), Bhutta, Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.), Bijani, A. (Ali), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Birihane, B. M. (Binyam Minuye), Biswas, R. K. (Raaj Kishore), Bohlouli, S. (Somayeh), Bojia, H. A. (Hunduma Amensisa), Boufous, S. (Soufiane), Brady, O. J. (Oliver J.), Bragazzi, N. L. (Nicola Luigi), Briko, A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Britton, G. B. (Gabrielle B.), Nagaraja, S. B. (Sharath Burugina), Busse, R. (Reinhard), Butt, Z. A. (Zahid A.), Camera, L. A. (Luis Alberto), Campos-Nonato, I. R. (Ismael R.), Cano, J. (Jorge), Car, J. (Josip), Cardenas, R. (Rosario), Carvalho, F. (Felix), Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A. (Carlos A.), Castro, F. (Franz), Chanie, W. F. (Wagaye Fentahun), Chatterjee, P. (Pranab), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chichiabellu, T. Y. (Tesfaye Yitna), Chin, K. L. (Ken Lee), Christopher, D. J. (Devasahayam J.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Cormier, N. M. (Natalie Maria), Costa, V. M. (Vera Marisa), Culquichicon, C. (Carlos), Daba, M. S. (Matiwos Soboka), Damiani, G. (Giovanni), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dang, A. K. (Anh Kim), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Darwish, A. H. (Amira Hamed), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das, J. K. (Jai K.), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), Dash, A. P. (Aditya Prasad), Davey, G. (Gail), Davila-Cervantes, C. A. (Claudio Alberto), Davis, A. C. (Adrian C.), Davitoiu, D. V. (Dragos Virgil), De la Hoz, F. P. (Fernando Pio), Demis, A. B. (Asmamaw Bizuneh), Demissie, D. B. (Dereje Bayissa), Demissie, G. D. (Getu Debalkie), Demoz, G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalew, A. (Assefa), Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Dharmaratne, S. D. (Samath Dhamminda), Dhillon, P. (Preeti), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dipeolu, I. O. (Isaac Oluwafemi), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duko, B. (Bereket), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Kalan, M. E. (Mohammad Ebrahimi), Edinur, H. A. (Hisham Atan), Effiong, A. (Andem), Eftekhari, A. (Aziz), El Nahas, N. (Nevine), El Sayed, I. (Iman), Zaki, M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elema, T. B. (Teshome Bekele), Elhabashy, H. R. (Hala Rashad), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa I.), Elkout, H. (Hajer), Elsharkawy, A. (Aisha), Elyazar, I. R. (Iqbal R. F.), Endalamaw, A. (Aklilu), Endalew, D. A. (Daniel Adane), Eskandarieh, S. (Sharareh), Esteghamati, A. (Alireza), Esteghamati, S. (Sadaf), Etemadi, A. (Arash), Ezekannagha, O. (Oluchi), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faridnia, R. (Roghiyeh), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fazlzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Feigin, V. L. (Valery L.), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fernandes, E. (Eduarda), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Foigt, N. A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Foroutan, M. (Masoud), Franklin, R. C. (Richard Charles), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gad, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Gayesa, R. T. (Reta Tsegaye), Gebre, T. (Teshome), Gebremedhin, K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork), Gebremeskel, G. G. (Gebreamlak Gebremedhn), Gesesew, H. A. (Hailay Abrha), Gezae, K. E. (Kebede Embaye), Ghadiri, K. (Keyghobad), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Ghimire, P. R. (Pramesh Raj), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Ginindza, T. G. (Themba G.), Gomes, N. G. (Nelson G. M.), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Goulart, B. N. (Barbara Niegia Garcia), Grada, A. (Ayman), Gubari, M. I. (Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guido, D. (Davide), Guimaraes, R. A. (Rafael Alves), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Haile, D. H. (Dessalegn H.), Hailu, G. B. (Gessessew Bugssa), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arya), Hamadeh, R. R. (Randah R.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed I.), Hasan, M. M. (Md Mehedi), Hasanpoor, E. (Edris), Hasanzadeh, A. (Amir), Hassankhani, H. (Hadi), Hassen, H. Y. (Hamid Yimam), Hegazy, M. I. (Mohamed I.), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari, B. (Behnam), Hendrie, D. (Delia), Henry, N. J. (Nathaniel J.), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), de Hidru, H. D. (Hagos Degefa), Hird, T. R. (Thomas R.), Hoang, C. L. (Chi Linh), Rad, E. H. (Enayatollah Homaie), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hoseini, M. (Mohammad), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseini, M. (Mostafa), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hsairi, M. (Mohamed), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Hussen, M. M. (Mohammedaman Mama), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Igumbor, E. U. (Ehimario U.), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Iqbal, U. (Usman), Irvani, S. S. (Seyed Sina Naghibi), Islam, S. M. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Izadi, N. (Neda), Jaca, A. (Anelisa), Jahanmehr, N. (Nader), Jakovljevic, M. (Mihajlo), Jalali, A. (Amir), Jayatilleke, A. U. (Achala Upendra), Jha, R. P. (Ravi Prakash), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Ji, J. S. (John S.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jozwiak, J. J. (Jacek Jerzy), Kabir, A. (Ali), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kahsay, A. (Amaha), Kalani, H. (Hamed), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Matin, B. K. (Behzad Karami), Karch, A. (Andre), Karim, M. A. (Mohd Anisul), Karki, H. K. (Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Surendra), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Kasahun, G. G. (Gebremicheal Gebreslassie), Kasahun, Y. C. (Yawukal Chane), Kasaye, H. K. (Habtamu Kebebe), Kassa, G. G. (Gebrehiwot G.), Kassa, G. M. (Getachew Mullu), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Karyani, A. K. (Ali Kazemi), Kebede, M. M. (Mihiretu M.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Kelbore, A. G. (Abraham Getachew), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Ketema, D. B. (Daniel Bekele), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khafaie, M. A. (Morteza Abdullatif), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khalilov, R. (Rovshan), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, J. (Junaid), Khan, M. N. (Md Nuruzzaman), Khan, M. S. (Muhammad Shahzeb), Khatab, K. (Khaled), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khayamzadeh, M. (Maryam), Khazaei, M. (Mohammad), Khazaei, S. (Salman), Khosravi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kiadaliri, A. (Ali), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R. W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kissoon, N. (Niranjan), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kolola, T. (Tufa), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Kraemer, M. U. (Moritz U. G.), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Kugbey, N. (Nuworza), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Kumar, P. (Pushpendra), Kusuma, V. K. (Vivek Kumar Dian), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lacey, B. (Ben), Lad, S. D. (Sheetal D.), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Lam, F. (Felix), Lami, F. H. (Faris Hasan), Lamichhane, P. (Prabhat), Lansingh, V. C. (Van Charles), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leili, M. (Mostafa), Lenjebo, T. L. (Tsegaye Lolaso), Leshargie, C. T. (Cheru Tesema), Levine, A. J. (Aubrey J.), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Liu, S. (Shiwei), Liu, S. (Simin), Lodha, R. (Rakesh), Longbottom, J. (Joshua), Lopez, J. C. (Jaifred Christian F.), Abd El Razek, H. M. (Hassan Magdy), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Prasad, D. R. (D. R. Mahadeshwara), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahotra, N. B. (Narayan B.), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D. C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Manda, A. L. (Ana Laura), Manohar, N. D. (Narendar Dawani Dawanu), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Maravilla, J. C. (Joemer C.), Martinez, G. (Gabriel), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio), Masaka, A. (Anthony), Massenburg, B. B. (Benjamin Ballard), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Mayala, B. K. (Benjamin K.), Mazidi, M. (Mohsen), McAlinden, C. (Colm), Meharie, B. G. (Birhanu Geta), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Mekonnen, T. C. (Tefera Chane), Meles, G. G. (Gebrekiros Gebremichael), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Memish, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mereta, S. T. (Seid Tiku), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Miazgowski, B. (Bartosz), Mihretie, K. M. (Kebadnew Mulatu), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, A. (Amjad), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mohammad, K. A. (Karzan Abdulmuhsin), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadibakhsh, R. (Roghayeh), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammed, J. A. (Jemal Abdu), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Molokhia, M. (Mariam), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moore, C. E. (Catrin E.), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moradi-Lakeh, M. (Maziar), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morales, L. (Linda), Velasquez, I. M. (Ilais Moreno), Mosapour, A. (Abbas), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mozaffor, M. (Miliva), Muchie, K. F. (Kindie Fentahun), Mulaw, G. F. (Getahun Fentaw), Munro, S. B. (Sandra B.), Muriithi, M. K. (Moses K.), Murray, C. J. (Christoper J. L.), Murthy, G. V. (G. V. S.), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Nabhan, A. F. (Ashraf F.), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naidoo, K. S. (Kovin S.), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nansseu, J. R. (Jobert Richie), Nascimento, B. R. (Bruno Ramos), Nazari, J. (Javad), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Netsere, H. B. (Henok Biresaw), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, C. T. (Cuong Tat), Nguyen, H. L. (Huong Lan Thi), Nguyen, T. H. (Trang Huyen), Nigatu, D. (Dabere), Nigatu, S. G. (Solomon Gedlu), Ningrum, D. N. (Dina Nur Anggraini), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nojomi, M. (Marzieh), Nong, V. M. (Vuong Minh), Norheim, O. F. (Ole F.), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Motlagh, S. N. (Soraya Nouraei), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Ogah, O. S. (Okechukwu Samuel), Ogbo, F. A. (Felix Akpojene), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olagunju, T. O. (Tinuke O.), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Oren, E. (Eyal), Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. (Doris V.), Osarenotor, O. (Osayomwanbo), Osei, F. B. (Frank B.), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakhale, S. (Smita), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Paternina-Caicedo, A. J. (Angel J.), Pathak, A. (Ashish), Patton, G. C. (George C.), Paudel, D. (Deepak), Paulos, K. (Kebreab), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Pereira, A. (Alexandre), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pervaiz, A. (Aslam), Pescarini, J. M. (Julia Moreira), Piroozi, B. (Bakhtiar), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourjafar, H. (Hadi), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Prada, S. I. (Sergio I.), Prasad, N. (Narayan), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahim, F. (Fakher), Rahimi-Movaghar, A. (Afarin), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rahman, S. (Shafiur), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Rana, S. M. (Saleem Muhammad), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rawaf, D. L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawal, L. (Lal), Rawasia, W. F. (Wasiq Faraz), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Reta, M. A. (Melese Abate), Rezaei, N. (Negar), Rezai, M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh), Riahi, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Ribeiro, A. I. (Ana Isabel), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Rios-Blancas, M. (Maria), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Roro, E. M. (Elias Merdassa), Ross, J. M. (Jennifer M.), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rubino, S. (Salvatore), Saad, A. M. (Anas M.), Sabde, Y. D. (Yogesh Damodar), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Safari-Faramani, R. (Roya), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salam, N. (Nasir), Salamati, P. (Payman), Salem, H. (Hosni), Salem, M. R. (Marwa Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Jose, B. P. (Bruno Piassi Sao), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sarkar, K. (Kaushik), Sarker, A. R. (Abdur Razzaque), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Sawhney, M. (Monika), Saxena, S. (Sonia), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shabaninejad, H. (Hosein), Shafieesabet, A. (Azadeh), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shallo, S. A. (Seifadin Ahmed), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharifi, H. (Hamid), Shehata, H. S. (Hatem Samir), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shetty, B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shiferaw, W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw), Shifti, D. M. (Desalegn Markos), Shigematsu, M. (Mika), Il Shin, J. (Jae), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shirkoohi, R. (Reza), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Siddiqi, T. J. (Tariq Jamal), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, A. (Ambrish), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Singh, N. P. (Narinder Pal), Singh, V. (Virendra), Sisay, M. M. (Malede Mequanent), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Sobhiyeh, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Soltani, S. (Shahin), Somayaji, R. (Ranjani), Soofi, M. (Moslem), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Suleria, H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul), Sultana, M. (Marufa), Sunguya, B. F. (Bruno Fokas), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabuchi, T. (Takahiro), Tadesse, D. B. (Degena Bahrey), Tarigan, I. U. (Ingan Ukur), Tasew, A. A. (Aberash Abay), Tefera, Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin), Tekle, M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Tesfay, B. E. (Berhe Etsay), Tesfay, F. H. (Fisaha Haile), Tessema, B. (Belay), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Toma, A. (Alemayehu), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Tran, B. X. (Bach Xuan), Tran, K. B. (Khanh Bao), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Usman, M. S. (Muhammad Shariq), Uzochukwu, B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Varughese, S. (Santosh), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vollmer, S. (Sebastian), Hawariat, F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel W.), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Wallin, M. T. (Mitchell Taylor), Wang, Y. (Yafeng), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Weaver, M. (Marcia), Weji, B. G. (Bedilu Girma), Weldesamuel, G. T. (Girmay Teklay), Welgan, C. A. (Catherine A.), Werdecker, A. (Andrea), Westerman, R. (Ronny), Wiangkham, T. (Taweewat), Wiysonge, C. S. (Charles Shey), Wolde, H. F. (Haileab Fekadu), Wondafrash, D. Z. (Dawit Zewdu), Wonde, T. E. (Tewodros Eshete), Worku, G. T. (Getasew Taddesse), Wu, A.-M. (Ai-Min), Xu, G. (Gelin), Yadollahpour, A. (Ali), Jabbari, S. H. (Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yatsuya, H. (Hiroshi), Yeshaneh, A. (Alex), Yilgwan, C. S. (Christopher Sabo), Yilma, M. T. (Mekdes Tigistu), Yip, P. (Paul), Yisma, E. (Engida), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Yoon, S.-J. (Seok-Jun), Younis, M. Z. (Mustafa Z.), Yousefifard, M. (Mahmoud), Yousof, H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Zadey, S. (Siddhesh), Zaidi, Z. (Zoubida), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zepro, N. B. (Nejimu Biza), Zerfu, T. A. (Taddese Alemu), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Zhao, X. G. (Xiu-Ju George), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Zodpey, S. (Sanjay), Zuniga, Y. M. (Yves Miel H.), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), Reiner, R. C. (Robert C., Jr.), Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Lindstedt, P. A. (Paulina A.), Blacker, B. F. (Brigette F.), Johnson, K. B. (Kimberly B.), Baumann, M. M. (Mathew M.), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abdollahpour, I. (Ibrahim), Abegaz, K. H. (Kedir Hussein), Abejie, A. N. (Ayenew Negesse), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abualhasan, A. (Ahmed), Accrombessi, M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou), Acharya, D. (Dilaram), Adabi, M. (Maryam), Adamu, A. A. (Abdu A.), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedoyin, R. A. (Rufus Adesoji), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Adhena, B. M. (Beyene Meressa), Afarideh, M. (Mohsen), Ahmad, S. (Sohail), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmed, A. E. (Anwar E.), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Ahmed, R. (Rushdia), Akalu, T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, N. (Noore), Alam, S. (Samiah), Alamene, G. M. (Genet Melak), Alanzi, T. M. (Turki M.), Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth), Ali, B. A. (Beriwan Abdulqadir), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Aljunid, S. M. (Syed Mohamed), Almasi, A. (Ali), Almasi-Hashiani, A. (Amir), Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. (Hesham M.), Altirkawi, K. A. (Khalid A.), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J. (Nelson J.), Amini, S. (Saeed), Amit, A. M. (Arianna Maever L.), Andrei, C. L. (Catalina Liliana), Anjomshoa, M. (Mina), Anoushiravani, A. (Amir), Ansari, F. (Fereshteh), Antonio, C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.), Antony, B. (Benny), Antriyandarti, E. (Ernoiz), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aref, H. M. (Hany Mohamed Amin), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Armoon, B. (Bahram), Arora, A. (Amit), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Arzani, A. (Afsaneh), Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (Mehran), Atalay, H. T. (Hagos Tasew), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Athari, S. M. (Seyyede Masoume), Atre, S. R. (Sachin R.), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Awoke, N. (Nefsu), Quintanilla, B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Ayano, G. (Getinet), Ayanore, M. A. (Martin Amogre), Aynalem, Y. A. (Yared Asmare), Azari, S. (Samad), Azzopardi, P. S. (Peter S.), Babaee, E. (Ebrahim), Babalola, T. K. (Tesleem Kayode), Badawi, A. (Alaa), Bairwa, M. (Mohan), Bakkannavar, S. M. (Shankar M.), Balakrishnan, S. (Senthilkumar), Bali, A. G. (Ayele Geleto), Banach, M. (Maciej), Banoub, J. A. (Joseph Adel Mattar), Barac, A. (Aleksandra), Barnighausen, T. W. (Till Winfried), Basaleem, H. (Huda), Basu, S. (Sanjay), Bay, V. D. (Vo Dinh), Bayati, M. (Mohsen), Baye, E. (Estifanos), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Beheshti, M. (Mahya), Behzadifar, M. (Masoud), Behzadifar, M. (Meysam), Bekele, B. B. (Bayu Begashaw), Belayneh, Y. M. (Yaschilal Muche), Bell, M. L. (Michelle L.), Bennett, D. A. (Derrick A.), Berbada, D. A. (Dessalegn Ajema), Bernstein, R. S. (Robert S.), Bhat, A. G. (Anusha Ganapati), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhattarai, S. (Suraj), Bhaumik, S. (Soumyadeep), Bhutta, Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.), Bijani, A. (Ali), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Birihane, B. M. (Binyam Minuye), Biswas, R. K. (Raaj Kishore), Bohlouli, S. (Somayeh), Bojia, H. A. (Hunduma Amensisa), Boufous, S. (Soufiane), Brady, O. J. (Oliver J.), Bragazzi, N. L. (Nicola Luigi), Briko, A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Britton, G. B. (Gabrielle B.), Nagaraja, S. B. (Sharath Burugina), Busse, R. (Reinhard), Butt, Z. A. (Zahid A.), Camera, L. A. (Luis Alberto), Campos-Nonato, I. R. (Ismael R.), Cano, J. (Jorge), Car, J. (Josip), Cardenas, R. (Rosario), Carvalho, F. (Felix), Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A. (Carlos A.), Castro, F. (Franz), Chanie, W. F. (Wagaye Fentahun), Chatterjee, P. (Pranab), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chichiabellu, T. Y. (Tesfaye Yitna), Chin, K. L. (Ken Lee), Christopher, D. J. (Devasahayam J.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Cormier, N. M. (Natalie Maria), Costa, V. M. (Vera Marisa), Culquichicon, C. (Carlos), Daba, M. S. (Matiwos Soboka), Damiani, G. (Giovanni), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dang, A. K. (Anh Kim), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Darwish, A. H. (Amira Hamed), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das, J. K. (Jai K.), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), Dash, A. P. (Aditya Prasad), Davey, G. (Gail), Davila-Cervantes, C. A. (Claudio Alberto), Davis, A. C. (Adrian C.), Davitoiu, D. V. (Dragos Virgil), De la Hoz, F. P. (Fernando Pio), Demis, A. B. (Asmamaw Bizuneh), Demissie, D. B. (Dereje Bayissa), Demissie, G. D. (Getu Debalkie), Demoz, G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalew, A. (Assefa), Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Dharmaratne, S. D. (Samath Dhamminda), Dhillon, P. (Preeti), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dipeolu, I. O. (Isaac Oluwafemi), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duko, B. (Bereket), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Kalan, M. E. (Mohammad Ebrahimi), Edinur, H. A. (Hisham Atan), Effiong, A. (Andem), Eftekhari, A. (Aziz), El Nahas, N. (Nevine), El Sayed, I. (Iman), Zaki, M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elema, T. B. (Teshome Bekele), Elhabashy, H. R. (Hala Rashad), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa I.), Elkout, H. (Hajer), Elsharkawy, A. (Aisha), Elyazar, I. R. (Iqbal R. F.), Endalamaw, A. (Aklilu), Endalew, D. A. (Daniel Adane), Eskandarieh, S. (Sharareh), Esteghamati, A. (Alireza), Esteghamati, S. (Sadaf), Etemadi, A. (Arash), Ezekannagha, O. (Oluchi), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faridnia, R. (Roghiyeh), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fazlzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Feigin, V. L. (Valery L.), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fernandes, E. (Eduarda), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Foigt, N. A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Foroutan, M. (Masoud), Franklin, R. C. (Richard Charles), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gad, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Gayesa, R. T. (Reta Tsegaye), Gebre, T. (Teshome), Gebremedhin, K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork), Gebremeskel, G. G. (Gebreamlak Gebremedhn), Gesesew, H. A. (Hailay Abrha), Gezae, K. E. (Kebede Embaye), Ghadiri, K. (Keyghobad), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Ghimire, P. R. (Pramesh Raj), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Ginindza, T. G. (Themba G.), Gomes, N. G. (Nelson G. M.), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Goulart, B. N. (Barbara Niegia Garcia), Grada, A. (Ayman), Gubari, M. I. (Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guido, D. (Davide), Guimaraes, R. A. (Rafael Alves), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Haile, D. H. (Dessalegn H.), Hailu, G. B. (Gessessew Bugssa), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arya), Hamadeh, R. R. (Randah R.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed I.), Hasan, M. M. (Md Mehedi), Hasanpoor, E. (Edris), Hasanzadeh, A. (Amir), Hassankhani, H. (Hadi), Hassen, H. Y. (Hamid Yimam), Hegazy, M. I. (Mohamed I.), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari, B. (Behnam), Hendrie, D. (Delia), Henry, N. J. (Nathaniel J.), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), de Hidru, H. D. (Hagos Degefa), Hird, T. R. (Thomas R.), Hoang, C. L. (Chi Linh), Rad, E. H. (Enayatollah Homaie), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hoseini, M. (Mohammad), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseini, M. (Mostafa), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hsairi, M. (Mohamed), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Hussen, M. M. (Mohammedaman Mama), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Igumbor, E. U. (Ehimario U.), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Iqbal, U. (Usman), Irvani, S. S. (Seyed Sina Naghibi), Islam, S. M. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Izadi, N. (Neda), Jaca, A. (Anelisa), Jahanmehr, N. (Nader), Jakovljevic, M. (Mihajlo), Jalali, A. (Amir), Jayatilleke, A. U. (Achala Upendra), Jha, R. P. (Ravi Prakash), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Ji, J. S. (John S.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jozwiak, J. J. (Jacek Jerzy), Kabir, A. (Ali), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kahsay, A. (Amaha), Kalani, H. (Hamed), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Matin, B. K. (Behzad Karami), Karch, A. (Andre), Karim, M. A. (Mohd Anisul), Karki, H. K. (Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Surendra), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Kasahun, G. G. (Gebremicheal Gebreslassie), Kasahun, Y. C. (Yawukal Chane), Kasaye, H. K. (Habtamu Kebebe), Kassa, G. G. (Gebrehiwot G.), Kassa, G. M. (Getachew Mullu), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Karyani, A. K. (Ali Kazemi), Kebede, M. M. (Mihiretu M.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Kelbore, A. G. (Abraham Getachew), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Ketema, D. B. (Daniel Bekele), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khafaie, M. A. (Morteza Abdullatif), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khalilov, R. (Rovshan), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, J. (Junaid), Khan, M. N. (Md Nuruzzaman), Khan, M. S. (Muhammad Shahzeb), Khatab, K. (Khaled), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khayamzadeh, M. (Maryam), Khazaei, M. (Mohammad), Khazaei, S. (Salman), Khosravi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kiadaliri, A. (Ali), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R. W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kissoon, N. (Niranjan), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kolola, T. (Tufa), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Kraemer, M. U. (Moritz U. G.), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Kugbey, N. (Nuworza), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Kumar, P. (Pushpendra), Kusuma, V. K. (Vivek Kumar Dian), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lacey, B. (Ben), Lad, S. D. (Sheetal D.), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Lam, F. (Felix), Lami, F. H. (Faris Hasan), Lamichhane, P. (Prabhat), Lansingh, V. C. (Van Charles), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leili, M. (Mostafa), Lenjebo, T. L. (Tsegaye Lolaso), Leshargie, C. T. (Cheru Tesema), Levine, A. J. (Aubrey J.), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Liu, S. (Shiwei), Liu, S. (Simin), Lodha, R. (Rakesh), Longbottom, J. (Joshua), Lopez, J. C. (Jaifred Christian F.), Abd El Razek, H. M. (Hassan Magdy), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Prasad, D. R. (D. R. Mahadeshwara), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahotra, N. B. (Narayan B.), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D. C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Manda, A. L. (Ana Laura), Manohar, N. D. (Narendar Dawani Dawanu), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Maravilla, J. C. (Joemer C.), Martinez, G. (Gabriel), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio), Masaka, A. (Anthony), Massenburg, B. B. (Benjamin Ballard), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Mayala, B. K. (Benjamin K.), Mazidi, M. (Mohsen), McAlinden, C. (Colm), Meharie, B. G. (Birhanu Geta), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Mekonnen, T. C. (Tefera Chane), Meles, G. G. (Gebrekiros Gebremichael), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Memish, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mereta, S. T. (Seid Tiku), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Miazgowski, B. (Bartosz), Mihretie, K. M. (Kebadnew Mulatu), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, A. (Amjad), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mohammad, K. A. (Karzan Abdulmuhsin), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadibakhsh, R. (Roghayeh), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammed, J. A. (Jemal Abdu), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Molokhia, M. (Mariam), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moore, C. E. (Catrin E.), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moradi-Lakeh, M. (Maziar), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morales, L. (Linda), Velasquez, I. M. (Ilais Moreno), Mosapour, A. (Abbas), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mozaffor, M. (Miliva), Muchie, K. F. (Kindie Fentahun), Mulaw, G. F. (Getahun Fentaw), Munro, S. B. (Sandra B.), Muriithi, M. K. (Moses K.), Murray, C. J. (Christoper J. L.), Murthy, G. V. (G. V. S.), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Nabhan, A. F. (Ashraf F.), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naidoo, K. S. (Kovin S.), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nansseu, J. R. (Jobert Richie), Nascimento, B. R. (Bruno Ramos), Nazari, J. (Javad), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Netsere, H. B. (Henok Biresaw), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, C. T. (Cuong Tat), Nguyen, H. L. (Huong Lan Thi), Nguyen, T. H. (Trang Huyen), Nigatu, D. (Dabere), Nigatu, S. G. (Solomon Gedlu), Ningrum, D. N. (Dina Nur Anggraini), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nojomi, M. (Marzieh), Nong, V. M. (Vuong Minh), Norheim, O. F. (Ole F.), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Motlagh, S. N. (Soraya Nouraei), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Ogah, O. S. (Okechukwu Samuel), Ogbo, F. A. (Felix Akpojene), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olagunju, T. O. (Tinuke O.), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Oren, E. (Eyal), Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. (Doris V.), Osarenotor, O. (Osayomwanbo), Osei, F. B. (Frank B.), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakhale, S. (Smita), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Paternina-Caicedo, A. J. (Angel J.), Pathak, A. (Ashish), Patton, G. C. (George C.), Paudel, D. (Deepak), Paulos, K. (Kebreab), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Pereira, A. (Alexandre), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pervaiz, A. (Aslam), Pescarini, J. M. (Julia Moreira), Piroozi, B. (Bakhtiar), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourjafar, H. (Hadi), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Prada, S. I. (Sergio I.), Prasad, N. (Narayan), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahim, F. (Fakher), Rahimi-Movaghar, A. (Afarin), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rahman, S. (Shafiur), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Rana, S. M. (Saleem Muhammad), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rawaf, D. L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawal, L. (Lal), Rawasia, W. F. (Wasiq Faraz), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Reta, M. A. (Melese Abate), Rezaei, N. (Negar), Rezai, M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh), Riahi, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Ribeiro, A. I. (Ana Isabel), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Rios-Blancas, M. (Maria), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Roro, E. M. (Elias Merdassa), Ross, J. M. (Jennifer M.), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rubino, S. (Salvatore), Saad, A. M. (Anas M.), Sabde, Y. D. (Yogesh Damodar), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Safari-Faramani, R. (Roya), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salam, N. (Nasir), Salamati, P. (Payman), Salem, H. (Hosni), Salem, M. R. (Marwa Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Jose, B. P. (Bruno Piassi Sao), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sarkar, K. (Kaushik), Sarker, A. R. (Abdur Razzaque), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Sawhney, M. (Monika), Saxena, S. (Sonia), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shabaninejad, H. (Hosein), Shafieesabet, A. (Azadeh), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shallo, S. A. (Seifadin Ahmed), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharifi, H. (Hamid), Shehata, H. S. (Hatem Samir), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shetty, B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shiferaw, W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw), Shifti, D. M. (Desalegn Markos), Shigematsu, M. (Mika), Il Shin, J. (Jae), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shirkoohi, R. (Reza), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Siddiqi, T. J. (Tariq Jamal), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, A. (Ambrish), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Singh, N. P. (Narinder Pal), Singh, V. (Virendra), Sisay, M. M. (Malede Mequanent), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Sobhiyeh, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Soltani, S. (Shahin), Somayaji, R. (Ranjani), Soofi, M. (Moslem), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Suleria, H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul), Sultana, M. (Marufa), Sunguya, B. F. (Bruno Fokas), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabuchi, T. (Takahiro), Tadesse, D. B. (Degena Bahrey), Tarigan, I. U. (Ingan Ukur), Tasew, A. A. (Aberash Abay), Tefera, Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin), Tekle, M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Tesfay, B. E. (Berhe Etsay), Tesfay, F. H. (Fisaha Haile), Tessema, B. (Belay), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Toma, A. (Alemayehu), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Tran, B. X. (Bach Xuan), Tran, K. B. (Khanh Bao), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Usman, M. S. (Muhammad Shariq), Uzochukwu, B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Varughese, S. (Santosh), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vollmer, S. (Sebastian), Hawariat, F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel W.), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Wallin, M. T. (Mitchell Taylor), Wang, Y. (Yafeng), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Weaver, M. (Marcia), Weji, B. G. (Bedilu Girma), Weldesamuel, G. T. (Girmay Teklay), Welgan, C. A. (Catherine A.), Werdecker, A. (Andrea), Westerman, R. (Ronny), Wiangkham, T. (Taweewat), Wiysonge, C. S. (Charles Shey), Wolde, H. F. (Haileab Fekadu), Wondafrash, D. Z. (Dawit Zewdu), Wonde, T. E. (Tewodros Eshete), Worku, G. T. (Getasew Taddesse), Wu, A.-M. (Ai-Min), Xu, G. (Gelin), Yadollahpour, A. (Ali), Jabbari, S. H. (Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yatsuya, H. (Hiroshi), Yeshaneh, A. (Alex), Yilgwan, C. S. (Christopher Sabo), Yilma, M. T. (Mekdes Tigistu), Yip, P. (Paul), Yisma, E. (Engida), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Yoon, S.-J. (Seok-Jun), Younis, M. Z. (Mustafa Z.), Yousefifard, M. (Mahmoud), Yousof, H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Zadey, S. (Siddhesh), Zaidi, Z. (Zoubida), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zepro, N. B. (Nejimu Biza), Zerfu, T. A. (Taddese Alemu), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Zhao, X. G. (Xiu-Ju George), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Zodpey, S. (Sanjay), Zuniga, Y. M. (Yves Miel H.), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), and Reiner, R. C. (Robert C., Jr.)
- Abstract
Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall O
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- 2020
174. Maternal knowledge and practices regarding infantile colic in Palestine: a need for enhanced education and awareness.
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Radwan, Asma, Shraim, Naser, Abualhasan, Murad, Salim, Louseen, Nazzal, Raghad, and AbuAbaid, Yaqoot
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MILK allergy , *INFANTILE colic , *CRYING , *MEDICAL personnel , *BOTTLE feeding , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress - Abstract
Background: Infantile colic is a common condition affecting healthy infants, characterized by excessive crying and fussiness, causing discomfort for the child and psychological distress for their caregivers, particularly mothers. While the exact cause remains unknown, understanding maternal knowledge and practices regarding colic is crucial for effective management and support. This study aimed to assess Palestinian mothers' knowledge and practices regarding infantile colic, focusing on their understanding of the etiology and management strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 450 mothers of infants diagnosed with colic attending pediatric clinics. A face-to-face questionnaire assessed maternal knowledge of the etiology, management strategies, and information sources. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20. Chi-square tests identified any significant associations. Results: The study revealed a wide range of maternal knowledge regarding infantile colic, with a significant proportion of mothers (55.6%) claiming prior understanding of this condition. Mothers relied heavily on family friends (40.2%) and personal experience (35.3%) for information about colic, with less reliance on healthcare professionals (13.3%). Cow's milk allergy (33.8%) and bottle feeding (29.6%) were perceived as risk factors while burping (50.4%) and keeping warm (25.6%) were seen as preventive measures. Surprisingly, few mothers linked maternal anxiety or diet (6.4%) to colic. Popular management strategies included massage (77.3%), wrapping (58.7%), and herbal remedies (53.4%). Notably, only 18.9% of mothers sought professional advice. Conclusion: The study findings revealed a limited understanding of infantile colic among Palestinian mothers. This highlights the need for educational interventions. Healthcare providers should be more active in educating mothers and addressing the knowledge gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
175. Comparison of Phytoconstituents, Total Phenol Contents and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities between Four Arum Species from Jerusalem and Bethlehem
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Nidal Jaradat and Murad Abualhasan
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0301 basic medicine ,food.ingredient ,DPPH ,Pharmaceutical Science ,A. palaestinum ,lcsh:RS1-441 ,Arum dioscoridis ,lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,food ,Nutraceutical ,Phenols ,Free radical ,Botany ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Medicinal plants ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,biology ,Arum palaestinum ,Traditional medicine ,Chemistry ,Arum hygrophilum ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,A. dioscoridis ,Arum ,A. hygrophilum ,A. elongatum - Abstract
Background: Palestine is a rich land with wild edible plants which used from the ancient times as food and medicine. Arum is a valuable genus of medicinal plants which is used in the ethnic medicine for treatment of cancer or consumed as integrated food. This work aimed to evaluate and compare the phytoconstituents, total phenols contents and free radical scavenging potential for Arum dioscoridis, Arum elongatum, Arum hygrophilum and Arum palaestinum a members of Palestinian flora. Methods: Phytoconstituents screened by using standard analytical methods, total phenols determined by using Folin Ciocalteu's method and antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH assay. Results: The crude extracts of Arum plant studied species revealed the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals with the highest quantity of saponin, alkaloid, phenols and flavonoids. For A. dioscoridis, A. elongatum, A. hygrophilum and A. palaestinum free radical scavenging activities were 6.7±0.75µg/ml, 19.9±0.63µg/ml, 9.9±0.49µg/ml, and 6.9±0.62µg/ml respectively, while the IC50 for Trolox was 4.8±0.39µg/ml as well as the total phenols contents for these species were 60.07 ±0.12, 27.49 ±0.32, 41.75±0.12 and 53.17±0.22 (mg GAE/g extract), ±SD respectively. Conclusion: The antioxidant activities in the studied Arum plant species showed a marked correlation with their total phenols contents. A. dioscoridis and A. palaestinum had the highest antioxidant activities with high contents of total phenols and they can be used as perfect choices for manufacturing of pharmaceutical, cosmeticeuticals and nutraceutical formulations.
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- 2016
176. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study
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Fitzmaurice, C. Abate, D. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdelalim, A. Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulle, A.S.M. Abebe, N.D. Abraha, H.N. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abualhasan, A. Adedeji, I.A. Advani, S.M. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Aghaali, M. Agius, D. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadian, E. Ahmadpour, E. Ahmed, M.B. Akbari, M.E. Akinyemiju, T. Al-Aly, Z. Alabdulkader, A.M. Alahdab, F. Alam, T. Alamene, G.M. Alemnew, B.T.T. Alene, K.A. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Bakeshei, F.A. Almadi, M.A.H. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Alsharif, U. Alsowaidi, S. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amini, E. Amini, S. Amoako, Y.A. Anbari, Z. Anber, N.H. Andrei, C.L. Anjomshoa, M. Ansari, F. Ansariadi, A. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arab-Zozani, M. Arabloo, J. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Areri, H.A. Artaman, A. Asayesh, H. Asfaw, E.T. Ashagre, A.F. Assadi, R. Ataeinia, B. Atalay, H.T. Ataro, Z. Atique, S. Ausloos, M. Avila-Burgos, L. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Awoke, N. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayanore, M.A. Ayele, H.T. Babaee, E. Bacha, U. Badawi, A. Bagherzadeh, M. Bagli, E. Balakrishnan, S. Balouchi, A. Barnighausen, T.W. Battista, R.J. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Bekele, B.B. Belay, Y.B. Belayneh, Y.M. Berfield, K.K.S. Berhane, A. Bernabe, E. Beuran, M. Bhakta, N. Bhattacharyya, K. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Birungi, C. Bisignano, C. Bitew, H. Bjorge, T. Bleyer, A. Bogale, K.A. Bojia, H.A. Borzi, A.M. Bosetti, C. Bou-Orm, I.R. Brenner, H. Brewer, J.D. Briko, A.N. Briko, N.I. Bustamante-Teixeira, M.T. Butt, Z.A. Carreras, G. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castro, C. Castro, F. Catala-Lopez, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chanie, W.F. Chattu, V.K. Chaturvedi, P. Chauhan, N.S. Chehrazi, M. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chichiabellu, T.Y. Chido-Amajuoyi, O.G. Chimed-Ochir, O. Choi, J.-Y.J. Christopher, D.J. Chu, D.-T. Constantin, M.-M. Costa, V.M. Crocetti, E. Crowe, C.S. Curado, M.P. Dahlawi, S.M.A. Damiani, G. Darwish, A.H. Daryani, A. Das Neves, J. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B. Demissie, B.W. Demoz, G.T. Denova-Gutierrez, E. Derakhshani, A. Deribe, K.S. Desai, R. Desalegn, B.B. Desta, M. Dey, S. Dharmaratne, S.D. Dhimal, M. Diaz, D. Dinberu, M.T.T. Djalalinia, S. Doku, D.T. Drake, T.M. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Ebrahimi, H. Effiong, A. Eftekhari, A. El Sayed, I. Zaki, M.E.S. El-Jaafary, S.I. El-Khatib, Z. Elemineh, D.A. Elkout, H. Ellenbogen, R.G. Elsharkawy, A. Emamian, M.H. Endalew, D.A. Endries, A.Y. Eshrati, B. Fadhil, I. Fallah, V. Faramarzi, M. Farhangi, M.A. Farioli, A. Farzadfar, F. Fentahun, N. Fernandes, E. Feyissa, G.T. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Fisher, J.L. Force, L.M. Foroutan, M. Freitas, M. Fukumoto, T. Futran, N.D. Gallus, S. Gankpe, F.G. Gayesa, R.T. Gebrehiwot, T.T. Gebremeskel, G.G. Gedefaw, G.A. Gelaw, B.K. Geta, B. Getachew, S. Gezae, K.E. Ghafourifard, M. Ghajar, A. Ghashghaee, A. Gholamian, A. Gill, P.S. Ginindza, T.T.G. Girmay, A. Gizaw, M. Gomez, R.S. Gopalani, S.V. Gorini, G. Goulart, B.N.G. Grada, A. Ribeiro Guerra, M. Guimaraes, A.L.S. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Hadkhale, K. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Hanfore, L.K. Haro, J.M. Hasankhani, M. Hasanzadeh, A. Hassen, H.Y. Hay, R.J. Hay, S.I. Henok, A. Henry, N.J. Herteliu, C. Hidru, H.D. Hoang, C.L. Hole, M.K. Hoogar, P. Horita, N. Hosgood, H.D. Hosseini, M. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, M. Hostiuc, S. Househ, M. Hussen, M.M. Ileanu, B. Ilic, M.D. Innos, K. Irvani, S.S.N. Iseh, K.R. Islam, S.M.S. Islami, F. Jafari Balalami, N. Jafarinia, M. Jahangiry, L. Jahani, M.A. Jahanmehr, N. Jakovljevic, M. James, S.L. Javanbakht, M. Jayaraman, S. Jee, S.H. Jenabi, E. Jha, R.P. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Joo, T. Jungari, S.B. Jurisson, M. Kabir, A. Kamangar, F. Karch, A. Karimi, N. Karimian, A. Kasaeian, A. Kasahun, G.G. Kassa, B. Kassa, T.D. Kassaw, M.W. Kaul, A. Keiyoro, P.N. Kelbore, A.G. Kerbo, A.A. Khader, Y.S. Khalilarjmandi, M. Khan, E.A. Khan, G. Khang, Y.-H. Khatab, K. Khater, A. Khayamzadeh, M. Khazaee-Pool, M. Khazaei, S. Khoja, A.T. Khosravi, M.H. Khubchandani, J. Kianipour, N. Kim, D. Kim, Y.J. Kisa, A. Kisa, S. Kissimova-Skarbek, K. Komaki, H. Koyanagi, A. Krohn, K.J. Bicer, B.K. Kugbey, N. Kumar, V. Kuupiel, D. La Vecchia, C. Lad, D.P. Lake, E.A. Lakew, A.M. Lal, D.K. Lami, F.H. Lan, Q. Lasrado, S. Lauriola, P. Lazarus, J.V. Leigh, J. Leshargie, C.T. Liao, Y. Limenih, M.A. Listl, S. Lopez, A.D. Lopukhov, P.D. Lunevicius, R. Madadin, M. Magdeldin, S. El Razek, H.M.A. Majeed, A. Maleki, A. Malekzadeh, R. Manafi, A. Manafi, N. Manamo, W.A. Mansourian, M. Mansournia, M.A. Mantovani, L.G. Maroufizadeh, S. Martini, S.M.S. Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Massenburg, B.B. Maswabi, M.T. Mathur, M.R. McAlinden, C. McKee, M. Meheretu, H.A.A. Mehrotra, R. Mehta, V. Meier, T. Melaku, Y.A. Meles, G.G. Meles, H.G. Melese, A. Melku, M. Memiah, P.T.N. Mendoza, W. Menezes, R.G. Merat, S. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Mihretie, K.M.M. Miller, T.R. Mills, E.J. Mir, S.M. Mirzaei, H. Mirzaei, H.R. Mishra, R. Moazen, B. Mohammad, D.K. Mohammad, K.A. Mohammad, Y. Darwesh, A.M. Mohammadbeigi, A. Mohammadi, H. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadian, M. Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A. Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohammed, A.S. Mohammed, J.A. Mohammed, S. Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moossavi, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Joo, M. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradpour, F. Morawska, L. Morgado-Da-costa, J. Morisaki, N. Morrison, S.D. Mosapour, A. Mousavi, S.M. Muche, A.A. Muhammed, O.S.S. Musa, J. Nabhan, A.R. Naderi, M. Nagarajan, A.J. Nagel, G. Nahvijou, A. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Naldi, L. Nam, H.S. Nasiri, N. Nazari, J. Negoi, I. Neupane, S. Newcomb, P.A. Nggada, H.A. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, C.T. Nikniaz, L. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nixon, M.R. Nnaji, C.A. Nojomi, M. Nosratnejad, S. Shiadeh, M.N. Obsa, M.S. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Oluwasanu, M.M. Omonisi, A.E. Onwujekwe, O.E. Oommen, A.M. Oren, E. Ortega-Altamirano, D.D.V. Ota, E. Otstavnov, S.S. Owolabi, M.O. P A, M. Padubidri, J.R. Pakhale, S. Pakpour, A.H. Pana, A. Park, E.-K. Parsian, H. Pashaei, T. Patel, S. Patil, S.T. Pennini, A. Pereira, D.M. Piccinelli, C. Pillay, J.D. Pirestani, M. Pishgar, F. Postma, M.J. Pourjafar, H. Pourmalek, F. Pourshams, A. Prakash, S. Prasad, N. Qorbani, M. Rabiee, M. Rabiee, N. Radfar, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, M. Rahman, M.A. Rajati, F. Rana, S.M. Raoofi, S. Rath, G.K. Rawaf, D.L. Rawaf, S. Reiner, R.C. Renzaho, A.M.N. Rezaei, N. Rezapour, A. Ribeiro, A.I. Ribeiro, D. Ronfani, L. Roro, E.M. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Saad, R.S. Sabbagh, P. Sabour, S. Saddik, B. Safiri, S. Sahebkar, A. Salahshoor, M.R. Salehi, F. Salem, H. Salem, M.R. Salimzadeh, H. Salomon, J.A. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sartorius, B. Sarveazad, A. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Savic, M. Sawhney, M. Sayyah, M. Schneider, I.J.C. Schottker, B. Sekerija, M. Sepanlou, S.G. Sepehrimanesh, M. Seyedmousavi, S. Shaahmadi, F. Shabaninejad, H. Shahbaz, M. Shaikh, M.A. Shamshirian, A. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharafi, H. Sharafi, Z. Sharif, M. Sharifi, A. Sharifi, H. Sharma, R. Sheikh, A. Shirkoohi, R. Shukla, S.R. Si, S. Siabani, S. Silva, D.A.S. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, A. Singh, J.A. Sisay, S. Sitas, F. Sobngwi, E. Soofi, M. Soriano, J.B. Stathopoulou, V. Sufiyan, M.B. Tabares-Seisdedos, R. Tabuchi, T. Takahashi, K. Tamtaji, O.R. Tarawneh, M.R. Tassew, S.G. Taymoori, P. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Temsah, M.-H. Temsah, O. Tesfay, B.E. Tesfay, F.H. Teshale, M.Y. Tessema, G.A. Thapa, S. Tlaye, K.G. Topor-Madry, R. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Traini, E. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Tsadik, A.G. Ullah, I. Uthman, O.A. Vacante, M. Vaezi, M. Varona Perez, P. Veisani, Y. Vidale, S. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Vollset, S.E. Vos, T. Vosoughi, K. Vu, G.T. Vujcic, I.S. Wabinga, H. Wachamo, T.M. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Weldegebreal, F. Weldesamuel, G.T. Wijeratne, T. Wondafrash, D.Z. Wonde, T.E. Wondmieneh, A.B. Workie, H.M. Yadav, R. Yadegar, A. Yadollahpour, A. Yaseri, M. Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. Yeshaneh, A. Yimam, M.A. Yimer, E.M. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Younis, M.Z. Yousefi, B. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zabeh, E. Zadnik, V. Moghadam, T.Z. Zaidi, Z. Zamani, M. Zandian, H. Zangeneh, A. Zaki, L. Zendehdel, K. Zenebe, Z.M. Zewale, T.A. Ziapour, A. Zodpey, S. Murray, C.J.L. Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration
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Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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- 2019
177. Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Modeling Studies of Pyrazole and Triazole Derivatives as Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
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Assali, Mohyeddin, primary, Abualhasan, Murad, additional, Sawaftah, Hadeel, additional, Hawash, Mohammed, additional, and Mousa, Ahmed, additional
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- 2020
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178. Carbohydrates and lipids metabolic enzymes inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of Anchusa ovata Lehm. from Palestine
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Jaradat, Nidal, primary, Qadi, Mohammad, additional, Abualhasan, Murad N, additional, Al-lahham, Saad, additional, Al-Rimawi, Fuad, additional, Hattab, Suhaib, additional, Hussein, Fatima, additional, Zakarneh, Dana, additional, Hamad, Ibrahim, additional, Sulayman, Imad, additional, Issa, Linda, additional, and Mousa, Ahmad, additional
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- 2020
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179. Analytical Method Development for Sodium Valproate through Chemical Derivatization
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Abualhasan, Murad, primary, Odeh, Nihaya Wasif, additional, Younis, Ghadeer Naser, additional, and Zeidan, Oyoun Fadel, additional
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- 2020
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180. INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR HYPOTONY AFTER 25-GAUGE PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY WITH NONEXPANSILE ENDOTAMPONADE
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Mimouni, Michael, primary, Abualhasan, Hamza, additional, Derman, Laura, additional, Feldman, Assaf, additional, Mazzawi, Fares, additional, and Barak, Yoreh, additional
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- 2020
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181. Patients' Experience of Anxiety and Pain during Retrobulbar Injections prior to Vitrectomy
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Hamza Abualhasan, Fares Mazzawi, Kamal Mtanes, Yoreh Barak, and Michael Mimouni
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Multivariate analysis ,Article Subject ,Visual analogue scale ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Area under the curve ,Vitrectomy ,Retrobulbar block ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ophthalmology ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Ophthalmology ,lcsh:RE1-994 ,Anesthesia ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,medicine ,Clinical Study ,Anxiety ,Observational study ,Premedication ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pain associated with retrobulbar block and anxiety levels before the injection. Methods. This prospective observational, noninterventional study included consecutive patients who received a retrobulbar block by a single surgeon prior to undergoing 25G PPV at the Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, between April 2016 and August 2017. Patients plotted their anxiety levels (scale 0–10) using the visual analogue scale for anxiety (VASA), and immediately after receiving the injection, they plotted their experienced level of pain (scale 0–10) using the visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), with scores ≥7 defined as severe. Results. Overall, 48 eyes of 48 patients aged 68.4 ± 10.3 years were included, of which 62.5% were of male gender. Severe anxiety and pain were experienced by 10.4% and 12.5%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between VASA and VAS scores (r = 0.43, p=0.002) with no other preprocedural parameters demonstrating a significant association with the VAS score. In multivariate analysis, the VASA score was the only factor that was significant (p=0.01), and a patient with a severe VASA score was 20 times more likely of experiencing severe pain (p=0.006). The ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.89 (p<0.001), and a VASA score >4 demonstrated a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 73.8% in predicting severe pain. Conclusions. Approximately 10% of patients experience severe anxiety and pain during retrobulbar blocks. Considering the importance of compliance, reducing anxiety and premedication may be considered, particularly in high-risk patients (VASA score > 4).
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- 2018
182. Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor, and Cytotoxic Activities of Teucrium pruinosum Boiss. Essential Oil
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Nidal Jaradat, Reem Speih, Jihan Hammad, Fatima Hussein, Haneen Zaide, Abrar Bakri, Ahmed Mousa, Murad Abualhasan, Saad Al-Lahham, and Linda Issa
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0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,Article Subject ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,lcsh:Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Antioxidants ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,law.invention ,Teucrium ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,medicine ,Oils, Volatile ,Animals ,Humans ,Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ,IC50 ,Essential oil ,Sheep ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,Chemistry ,Caryophyllene ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,Antispasmodic ,Trolox ,medicine.drug ,Research Article - Abstract
Introduction. In traditional medicine, many pharmacological activities have already been ascribed to the genus of Teucrium plant. These include antirheumatic antispasmodic, anthelmintic, diuretic, hypoglycemic, and anticancer effects. The recent investigation aimed to characterize and estimate the chemical composition, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials of the essential oil isolated by the microwave-ultrasonic apparatus from Teucrium pruinosum leaves collected from Palestine. Methods. The essential oil (EO) was analyzed by Gas Chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while its anticancer activity was evaluated against HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cells. The ability of T. pruinosum EO to inhibit the conversion of Arachidonic Acid (AA) to PGH2 by ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2 was determined using a COX inhibitor screening assay. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the EO was evaluated on the basis of the scavenging activity with a stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while Trolox was used as a positive control. Results. Forty-four molecules were identified in T. pruinosum EO, representing 100% of the total EO. Agarospirol was found to be the most abundant component (45.53%) followed by caryophyllene (19.35%). However, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor assay revealed that T. pruinosum has potential COX-1 and Cox-2 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.25 µg/ml and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the T. pruinosum EO showed moderate antioxidant capacity with an IC50 value of 16.98±0.84 µg/ml in comparison with the positive control Trolox, which has an antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 2.09±0.17 µg/ml. In addition, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625, 7.67, and 3.84 mg/ml of T. pruinosum EO treatments inhibited mitochondrial activity (cell viability) significantly and extremely by 90-95%. Conclusion. The current study provided data that revealed that the T. pruinosum EO could be a suitable candidate for use as a novel anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant medication. Further clinical trials would be required to ensure these effects and to allow the design of suitable pharmaceutical dosage forms from this natural oil.
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- 2018
183. Intracranial Stenting: Is It Still an Option for Treatment of Patients With Intracranial Atherosclerosis?
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Abualhasan, Ahmed, primary, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Pero, Guglielmo, additional, Sobh, Khaled, additional, Mansour, Ossama, additional, El-Serafy, Omar, additional, and Boccardi, Edoardo, additional
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- 2019
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184. Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Microbiological Contamination of Selected herbals from Palestine
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Abualhasan, Murad, primary, Jaradat, Nidal, additional, Sawaftah, Zahraa, additional, Mohsen, Hala, additional, Najjar, Dyala, additional, and Zareer, Wahbi, additional
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- 2019
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185. Tagging Fatty Acids Via Choline Coupling for the Detection of Carboxylic Acid Metabolites in Biological Samples
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Abualhasan, Murad N., primary and Watson, David G., additional
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- 2019
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186. Preoperative Anxiety Levels and Pain during Cataract Surgery
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Socea, Sergiu D., primary, Abualhasan, Hamza, additional, Magen, Or, additional, Zayit-Soudry, Shiri, additional, Blumenthal, Eytan Z., additional, Duvdevan, Nitsan, additional, and Mimouni, Michael, additional
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- 2019
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187. Carlina curetum plant phytoconstituents, enzymes inhibitory and cytotoxic activity on cervical epithelial carcinoma and colon cancer cell lines
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Jaradat, Nidal Amin, primary, Al-lahham, Saad, additional, Zaid, Abdel Naser, additional, Hussein, Fatima, additional, Issa, Linda, additional, Abualhasan, Murad N, additional, Hawash, Mohammed, additional, Yahya, Amjad, additional, Shehadi, Omar, additional, Omair, Rashed, additional, and Mousa, Ahmad, additional
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- 2019
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188. Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Helminthicidal, Antioxidant, and Chemical Properties of Chrozophora obliqua Extract
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Jaradat, N., primary, Khasati, A., additional, Abu-Shanab, B.A., additional, Al-lahham, S., additional, Naser Zaid, A., additional, Abualhasan, M.N., additional, Qneibi, M., additional, and Hawash, M., additional
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- 2019
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189. Patients’ Experience of Anxiety and Pain during Retrobulbar Injections prior to Vitrectomy
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Mimouni, Michael, primary, Abualhasan, Hamza, additional, Mtanes, Kamal, additional, Mazzawi, Fares, additional, and Barak, Yoreh, additional
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- 2019
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190. Chemical Fingerprinting, Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Calamintha fenzlii Vis. Volatile Oil from Palestine
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Jaradat, Nidal, primary, Al-lahham, Saad, additional, Abualhasan, Murad N., additional, Ghannam, Duaa, additional, Mousa, Khansa, additional, Kolayb, Hala, additional, Hussein, Fatima, additional, Issa, Linda, additional, and Mousa, Ahmed, additional
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- 2019
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191. Synthesis, Formulation and Analytical Method Validation of Rutin Derivative
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Abualhasan, Murad, primary, Assali, Mohyeddin, additional, Jaradat, Nidal, additional, and Sarhan, Tala, additional
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- 2019
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192. Phytochemical Analysis, Quantitative Estimations of Total Phenols and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Bupleurum subovatum from Jerusalem
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Linda Isa, Azmi Mahmoud Ali Hussein, Nidal Jaradat, Fatima Abdelwahab, Ahmad M. Eid, Murad Abualhasan, and Amjad Abdulrahman
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Bupleurum ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antioxidant ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Glycoside ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Phytochemical ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Phenol ,Phenols ,Gallic acid ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Abstract
The crude extracts from Bupleurum subovatum plant were used to screen the presence of secondary metabolic products, to estimate the total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity for the plant extracts. Methods:Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay, while total phenol content was determined by using Folin Ciocalteu' s method. Result:The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenol, proteins, starch, reducing sugars, tannins, volatile oils, cardiac glycosides, steroid, and huge amounts of saponins. Total phenolic content in the methanolic extract was 9.05 mg/g Gallic acid. At the same time, methanolic extract showed a mild potential oxygen free radical scavenging ability as well as the IC50 for the plant was 18.60 ± 0.36 µg/ml, which justified its uses in the folkloric medicine and could be further subjected for the isolation of their therapeutic active compounds. Conclusion:The results of this study revealed the antioxidant activity and confirmed the therapeutic usage of Bupleurum subovatum in the traditional medicine.
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- 2015
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193. Comparison in vitro of Antioxidant Activity between Fifteen Campanula Species (Bellflower) from Palestinian Flora
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Nidal Jaradat and Murad Abualhasan
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Pharmacology ,Flora ,Antioxidant ,Campanula ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,biology.organism_classification ,In vitro ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutraceutical ,chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Trolox ,Palestine - Abstract
Background: The natural antioxidant products in the plant kingdom play an important role in the healthy life style and reduce the risk for various chronic diseases.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate different antioxidant pharmacological property of methanol extract for fif teen species of Campanula plant from Palestinian flora. Methods: The antioxidant activity of fifteen Campanula species growing wildly in Palestine were studied using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and their antioxidant activity was compared to Trolox antioxidant activity. Results: The results clearly demonstrate a very high antioxidant activity of the Campanula sulphurea and Campanula sidoniensis and they showed almost the same antioxidant activity of Trolox. The other twelve species extracts also exhibited excellent antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging activity in comparison with trolox standard. Conclusion: Methanol extract of Campanula can be valuable for treatment of different diseases and could be used as a possible new source of natural antioxidants in the food, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industry.
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- 2015
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194. Use of multidimensional item response theory methods for dementia prevalence prediction: an example using the Health and Retirement Survey and the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study.
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GBD 2019 Dementia Collaborators, Nichols, Emma, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdoli, Amir, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Afshin, Ashkan, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alipour, Vahid, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Arabloo, Jalal, Ashraf-Ganjouei, Amir, Ayano, Getinet, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L., Baig, Atif Amin, Banach, Maciej, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, and Baune, Bernhard T.
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ITEM response theory ,DEMENTIA ,RETIREMENT age ,HEALTH surveys ,COGNITIVE testing - Abstract
Background: Data sparsity is a major limitation to estimating national and global dementia burden. Surveys with full diagnostic evaluations of dementia prevalence are prohibitively resource-intensive in many settings. However, validation samples from nationally representative surveys allow for the development of algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence nationally.Methods: Using cognitive testing data and data on functional limitations from Wave A (2001-2003) of the ADAMS study (n = 744) and the 2000 wave of the HRS study (n = 6358) we estimated a two-dimensional item response theory model to calculate cognition and function scores for all individuals over 70. Based on diagnostic information from the formal clinical adjudication in ADAMS, we fit a logistic regression model for the classification of dementia status using cognition and function scores and applied this algorithm to the full HRS sample to calculate dementia prevalence by age and sex.Results: Our algorithm had a cross-validated predictive accuracy of 88% (86-90), and an area under the curve of 0.97 (0.97-0.98) in ADAMS. Prevalence was higher in females than males and increased over age, with a prevalence of 4% (3-4) in individuals 70-79, 11% (9-12) in individuals 80-89 years old, and 28% (22-35) in those 90 and older.Conclusions: Our model had similar or better accuracy as compared to previously reviewed algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence in HRS, while utilizing more flexible methods. These methods could be more easily generalized and utilized to estimate dementia prevalence in other national surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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195. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study
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Fitzmaurice, C. Abate, D. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdelalim, A. Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulle, A.S.M. Abebe, N.D. Abraha, H.N. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abualhasan, A. Adedeji, I.A. Advani, S.M. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Aghaali, M. Agius, D. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadian, E. Ahmadpour, E. Ahmed, M.B. Akbari, M.E. Akinyemiju, T. Al-Aly, Z. Alabdulkader, A.M. Alahdab, F. Alam, T. Alamene, G.M. Alemnew, B.T.T. Alene, K.A. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Bakeshei, F.A. Almadi, M.A.H. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Alsharif, U. Alsowaidi, S. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amini, E. Amini, S. Amoako, Y.A. Anbari, Z. Anber, N.H. Andrei, C.L. Anjomshoa, M. Ansari, F. Ansariadi, A. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arab-Zozani, M. Arabloo, J. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Areri, H.A. Artaman, A. Asayesh, H. Asfaw, E.T. Ashagre, A.F. Assadi, R. Ataeinia, B. Atalay, H.T. Ataro, Z. Atique, S. Ausloos, M. Avila-Burgos, L. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Awoke, N. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayanore, M.A. Ayele, H.T. Babaee, E. Bacha, U. Badawi, A. Bagherzadeh, M. Bagli, E. Balakrishnan, S. Balouchi, A. Barnighausen, T.W. Battista, R.J. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Bekele, B.B. Belay, Y.B. Belayneh, Y.M. Berfield, K.K.S. Berhane, A. Bernabe, E. Beuran, M. Bhakta, N. Bhattacharyya, K. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Birungi, C. Bisignano, C. Bitew, H. Bjorge, T. Bleyer, A. Bogale, K.A. Bojia, H.A. Borzi, A.M. Bosetti, C. Bou-Orm, I.R. Brenner, H. Brewer, J.D. Briko, A.N. Briko, N.I. Bustamante-Teixeira, M.T. Butt, Z.A. Carreras, G. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castro, C. Castro, F. Catala-Lopez, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chanie, W.F. Chattu, V.K. Chaturvedi, P. Chauhan, N.S. Chehrazi, M. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chichiabellu, T.Y. Chido-Amajuoyi, O.G. Chimed-Ochir, O. Choi, J.-Y.J. Christopher, D.J. Chu, D.-T. Constantin, M.-M. Costa, V.M. Crocetti, E. Crowe, C.S. Curado, M.P. Dahlawi, S.M.A. Damiani, G. Darwish, A.H. Daryani, A. Das Neves, J. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B. Demissie, B.W. Demoz, G.T. Denova-Gutie and Fitzmaurice, C. Abate, D. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdelalim, A. Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulle, A.S.M. Abebe, N.D. Abraha, H.N. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abualhasan, A. Adedeji, I.A. Advani, S.M. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Aghaali, M. Agius, D. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadian, E. Ahmadpour, E. Ahmed, M.B. Akbari, M.E. Akinyemiju, T. Al-Aly, Z. Alabdulkader, A.M. Alahdab, F. Alam, T. Alamene, G.M. Alemnew, B.T.T. Alene, K.A. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Bakeshei, F.A. Almadi, M.A.H. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Alsharif, U. Alsowaidi, S. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amini, E. Amini, S. Amoako, Y.A. Anbari, Z. Anber, N.H. Andrei, C.L. Anjomshoa, M. Ansari, F. Ansariadi, A. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arab-Zozani, M. Arabloo, J. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Areri, H.A. Artaman, A. Asayesh, H. Asfaw, E.T. Ashagre, A.F. Assadi, R. Ataeinia, B. Atalay, H.T. Ataro, Z. Atique, S. Ausloos, M. Avila-Burgos, L. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Awoke, N. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayanore, M.A. Ayele, H.T. Babaee, E. Bacha, U. Badawi, A. Bagherzadeh, M. Bagli, E. Balakrishnan, S. Balouchi, A. Barnighausen, T.W. Battista, R.J. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Bekele, B.B. Belay, Y.B. Belayneh, Y.M. Berfield, K.K.S. Berhane, A. Bernabe, E. Beuran, M. Bhakta, N. Bhattacharyya, K. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Birungi, C. Bisignano, C. Bitew, H. Bjorge, T. Bleyer, A. Bogale, K.A. Bojia, H.A. Borzi, A.M. Bosetti, C. Bou-Orm, I.R. Brenner, H. Brewer, J.D. Briko, A.N. Briko, N.I. Bustamante-Teixeira, M.T. Butt, Z.A. Carreras, G. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castro, C. Castro, F. Catala-Lopez, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chanie, W.F. Chattu, V.K. Chaturvedi, P. Chauhan, N.S. Chehrazi, M. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chichiabellu, T.Y. Chido-Amajuoyi, O.G. Chimed-Ochir, O. Choi, J.-Y.J. Christopher, D.J. Chu, D.-T. Constantin, M.-M. Costa, V.M. Crocetti, E. Crowe, C.S. Curado, M.P. Dahlawi, S.M.A. Damiani, G. Darwish, A.H. Daryani, A. Das Neves, J. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B. Demissie, B.W. Demoz, G.T. Denova-Gutie
- Abstract
Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo
- Published
- 2019
196. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study
- Author
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Fitzmaurice, Christina, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Abate, Degu, Abbasi, Naghmeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulle, Abdishakur SM, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Advani, Shailesh M, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Aghaali, Mohammad, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Abate, Degu, Abbasi, Naghmeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulle, Abdishakur SM, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Advani, Shailesh M, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, and Aghaali, Mohammad
- Published
- 2019
197. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017 : A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
- Author
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Fitzmauric, C., Fitzmaurice, C., Abate, D., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdel-Rahman, O., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulle, A. S. M., Abebe, N. D., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abualhasan, A., Adedeji, I. A., Advani, S. M., Afarideh, M., Afshari, M., Aghaali, M., Agius, D., Agrawal, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadian, E., Ahmadpour, E., Ahmed, M. B., Akbari, M. E., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alabdulkader, A. M., Alahdab, F., Alam, T., Alamene, G. M., Alemnew, B. T. T., Alene, K. A., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Bakeshei, F. A., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amini, E., Amini, S., Amoako, Y. A., Anbari, Z., Anber, N. H., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansariadi, A., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani, M., Arabloo, J., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Areri, H. A., Artaman, A., Asayesh, H., Asfaw, E. T., Ashagre, A. F., Assadi, R., Ataeinia, B., Atalay, H. T., Ataro, Z., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Awasthi, A., Awoke, N., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayanore, M. A., Ayele, H. T., Babaee, E., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bagherzadeh, M., Bagli, E., Balakrishnan, S., Balouchi, A., Bärnighausen, T. W., Battista, R. J., Behzadifar, M., Bekele, B. B., Belay, Y. B., Belayneh, Y. M., Berfield, K. K. S., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Beuran, M., Bhakta, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Biadgo, B., Bijani, A., Bin Sayeed, M. S., Birungi, C., Bisignano, C., Bitew, H., Bjørge, T., Bleyer, A., Bogale, K. A., Bojia, H. A., Borzì, A. M., Bosetti, C., Bou-Orm, I. R., Brenner, H., Brewer, J. D., Briko, A. N., Briko, N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira, M. T., Butt, Z. A., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castro, C., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Cerin, E., Chaiah, Y., Chanie, W. F., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, P., Chauhan, N. S., Chehrazi, M., Chiang, P. P. -C, Chichiabellu, T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi, O. G., Chimed-Ochir, O., Choi, J. -YJ., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T, Constantin, M. -M, Costa, V. M., Crocetti, E., Crowe, C. S., Curado, M. P., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Damiani, G., Darwish, A. H., Daryani, A., Das Neves, J., Demeke, F. M., Demis, A. B., Demissie, B. W., Demoz, G. T., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Derakhshani, A., Deribe, K. S., Desai, R., Desalegn, B. B., Desta, M., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T. T., Djalalinia, S., Doku, D. T., Drake, T. M., Dubey, M., Dubljanin, E., Duken, E. E., Ebrahimi, H., Effiong, A., Eftekhari, A., El Sayed, I., Zaki, M. E. S., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Elemineh, D. A., Elkout, H., Ellenbogen, R. G., Elsharkawy, A., Emamian, M. H., Endalew, D. A., Endries, A. Y., Eshrati, B., Fadhil, I., Fallah, V., Faramarzi, M., Farhangi, M. A., Farioli, A., Farzadfar, F., Fentahun, N., Fernandes, E., Feyissa, G. T., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Force, L. M., Foroutan, M., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Futran, N. D., Gallus, S., Gankpe, F. G., Gayesa, R. T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gedefaw, G. A., Gelaw, B. K., Geta, B., Getachew, S., Gezae, K. E., Ghafourifard, M., Ghajar, A., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gill, P. S., Ginindza, T. T. G., Girmay, A., Gizaw, M., Gomez, R. S., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B. N. G., Grada, A., Ribeiro Guerra, M., Guimaraes, A. L. S., Gupta, P. C., Gupta, R., Hadkhale, K., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hanfore, L. K., Haro, J. M., Hasankhani, M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassen, H. Y., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Henok, A., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Hidru, H. D., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Hoogar, P., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hussen, M. M., Ileanu, B., Ilic, M. D., Innos, K., Irvani, S. S. N., Iseh, K. R., Islam, S. M. S., Islami, F., Jafari Balalami, N., Jafarinia, M., Jahangiry, L., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., James, S. L., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S., Jee, S. H., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Jonnagaddala, J., Joo, T., Jungari, S. B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kamangar, F., Karch, A., Karimi, N., Karimian, A., Kasaeian, A., Kasahun, G. G., Kassa, B., Kassa, T. D., Kassaw, M. W., Kaul, A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Kerbo, A. A., Khader, Y. S., Khalilarjmandi, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khang, Y. -H, Khatab, K., Khater, A., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaee-Pool, M., Khazaei, S., Khoja, A. T., Khosravi, M. H., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, D., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Komaki, H., Koyanagi, A., Krohn, K. J., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, V., Kuupiel, D., La Vecchia, C., Lad, D. P., Lake, E. A., Lakew, A. M., Lal, D. K., Lami, F. H., Lan, Q., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Lazarus, J. V., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Liao, Y., Limenih, M. A., Listl, S., Lopez, A. D., Lopukhov, P. D., Lunevicius, R., Madadin, M., Magdeldin, S., El Razek, H. M. A., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manafi, A., Manafi, N., Manamo, W. A., Mansourian, M., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Maroufizadeh, S., Martini, S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson, T. P., Massenburg, B. B., Maswabi, M. T., Mathur, M. R., McAlinden, C., McKee, M., Meheretu, H. A. A., Mehrotra, R., Mehta, V., Meier, T., Melaku, Y. A., Meles, G. G., Meles, H. G., Melese, A., Melku, M., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Merat, S., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Mihretie, K. M. M., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mir, S. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, H. R., Mishra, R., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Mohammadi, H., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadian, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, A. S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moosazadeh, M., Moossavi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Joo, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradpour, F., Morawska, L., Morgado-Da-Costa, J., Morisaki, N., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi, S. M., Muche, A. A., Muhammed, O. S. S., Musa, J., Nabhan, A. R., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagel, G., Nahvijou, A., Naik, G., Najafi, F., Naldi, L., Nam, H. S., Nasiri, N., Nazari, J., Negoi, I., Neupane, S., Newcomb, P. A., Nggada, H. A., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nikniaz, L., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nirayo, Y. L., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nojomi, M., Nosratnejad, S., Shiadeh, M. N., Obsa, M. S., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Oluwasanu, M. M., Omonisi, A. E., Onwujekwe, O. E., Oommen, A. M., Oren, E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. D. V., Ota, E., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, A., Park, E. -K, Parsian, H., Pashaei, T., Patel, S., Patil, S. T., Pennini, A., Pereira, D. M., Piccinelli, C., Pillay, J. D., Pirestani, M., Pishgar, F., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, M., Rahman, M. A., Rajati, F., Rana, S. M., Raoofi, S., Rath, G. K., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reiner, R. C., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Ribeiro, D., Ronfani, L., Roro, E. M., Roshandel, G., Rostami, A., Saad, R. S., Sabbagh, P., Sabour, S., Saddik, B., Safiri, S., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M. R., Salehi, F., Salem, H., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J. A., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Satpathy, M., Savic, M., Sawhney, M., Sayyah, M., Schneider, I. J. C., Schöttker, B., Sekerija, M., Sepanlou, S. G., Sepehrimanesh, M., Seyedmousavi, S., Shaahmadi, F., Shabaninejad, H., Shahbaz, M., Shaikh, M. A., Shamshirian, A., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, H., Sharafi, Z., Sharif, M., Sharifi, A., Sharifi, H., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shirkoohi, R., Shukla, S. R., Si, S., Siabani, S., Silva, D. A. S., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, A., Singh, J. A., Sisay, S., Sitas, F., Sobngwi, E., Soofi, M., Soriano, J. B., Stathopoulou, V., Sufiyan, M. B., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Takahashi, K., Tamtaji, O. R., Tarawneh, M. R., Tassew, S. G., Taymoori, P., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M. -H, Temsah, O., Tesfay, B. E., Tesfay, F. H., Teshale, M. Y., Tessema, G. A., Thapa, S., Tlaye, K. G., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Tsadik, A. G., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Varona Pérez, P., Veisani, Y., Vidale, S., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S. E., Vos, T., Vosoughi, K., Vu, G. T., Vujcic, I. S., Wabinga, H., Wachamo, T. M., Wagnew, F. S., Waheed, Y., Weldegebreal, F., Weldesamuel, G. T., Wijeratne, T., Wondafrash, D. Z., Wonde, T. E., Wondmieneh, A. B., Workie, H. M., Yadav, R., Yadegar, A., Yadollahpour, A., Yaseri, M., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yeshaneh, A., Yimam, M. A., Yimer, E. M., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, B., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Zabeh, E., Zadnik, V., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zangeneh, A., Zaki, L., Zendehdel, K., Zenebe, Z. M., Zewale, T. A., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Murray, C. J. L., Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration,, Fitzmauric, C., Fitzmaurice, C., Abate, D., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdel-Rahman, O., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulle, A. S. M., Abebe, N. D., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abualhasan, A., Adedeji, I. A., Advani, S. M., Afarideh, M., Afshari, M., Aghaali, M., Agius, D., Agrawal, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadian, E., Ahmadpour, E., Ahmed, M. B., Akbari, M. E., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alabdulkader, A. M., Alahdab, F., Alam, T., Alamene, G. M., Alemnew, B. T. T., Alene, K. 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- Abstract
Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo
- Published
- 2019
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198. Synthesis of Rutin Derivatives to Enhance Lipid Solubility and Developmentof Topical Formulation with a Validated Analytical Method
- Author
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Abualhasan, Murad, Assali, Mohyeddin, Mahmoud, Abeer, Zaid, Abdel Naser, and Malkieh, Numan
- Abstract
Background: Rutin is available on the market as a topical formulation for the treatmentof several conditions, such as internal bleeding, hemorrhoids, and varicose veins. However, thesegels have low solubility and limited bioavailability due to their decreased lipid solubility. Objective: In this study, we aimed to synthesize potentially novel lipophilic rutin prodrugs. Thesuggested library of these rutin prodrugs includes changing the solubility profile to facilitate rutintransport across biological barriers, thereby improving drug delivery through topical application. Methods: Six rutin derivatives were synthesized based on the ester prodrug strategy. The synthesizedcompounds were formulated as topical ointments, and their permeability via Franz diffusionwas measured. An ultraviolet (UV) analytical method was developed in our laboratories to quantifyrutin derivatives both as raw materials and in final dosage forms. The analytical method was thenvalidated. Results: The results of Franz diffusion analyses showed that transdermal permeability increased by10-fold for decaacetylated rutin compared to the other esterified rutins. A simple analytical methodfor the analysis of the formulated rutin ester was developed and validated. Moreover, the formulatedointment of decaacetylated rutin in our research laboratory was found to be stable under stabilityaccelerated conditions. Synthesis of potentially more lipophilic compounds would yield novelrutin prodrugs suitable for topical formulation. Conclusion: This project provides a synthetic approach for many similar natural products. The researchidea and strategy followed in this research project could be adapted by pharmaceutical andherbal establishments.
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- 2022
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199. A Pilot Study to Evaluation of the Level of Knowledge and Quality of Water Used in Drug Reconstitution among Community Pharmacist in Palestine
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Murad Abualhasan, Taghreed Robe, Munir Atrash, Vivyan Hamad, and Marah Abdulsamd
- Subjects
Drug ,Nursing ,business.industry ,Community pharmacist ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Medicine ,Quality (business) ,General Medicine ,Palestine ,business ,media_common - Published
- 2015
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200. A rare case of isochromosome 10
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Sawsan J. Abualhasan, Samuel W. Ghaly, and Hanan I. Elbastawisy
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Isochromosome ,Rare case ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Biology ,Dermatology - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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