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Mud has been well known in the world of construction for millennia. Traditionally, mud construction has been used for centuries in Yemen. The study in this paper is designed to bring out the appropriateness of traditional architecture through the results of a thermal analysis of a modern house and a traditional Yemeni adobe house. Transient heat transfer analysis is carried out in the thermal analysis of the two types of buildings. The quantitative results of the analysis indicate the thermal appropriateness of the mud construction where a major saving of energy consumption can be achieved.

The study reported in this article examines intermarket patronage in an international context. Three groups of Bahraini consumers outshopping in Saudi Arabia are compared in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes towards the Saudi market vis-d-vis the local market and product purchase behaviours. The article presents the results of the study and concludes with implications of the results for corrective marketing strategies.

From the reactions of the geminal tetrachloro-1′.3′-propanedioxycyclotriphosphazatriene, N3P3CI4-[O(CH2)3O]. with primary and secondary amines. the following derivatives have been isolated: N3P3Cl3R[O(CH2)3O]. R = NHC3H5. NC4H8. NC4H8O. NC5H10; N3P3Cl2R2(O(CH2)3O]. R = NHEt. NHC3H5. NHC6H11. NMe2. NC4H8 (3 isomers). NC4H8O, NC5H10; N3P3R4[O(CH2)3O], R = NHEt. NHC3H5, NMe3. NC4H8, NC4H8O. Their 1H, 13C and 31P n.m.r. spectra are reported. The non-equivalence of the OCH2 and/or the CCH2 protons of the 1′.3′-propanedioxy group is used to distinguish between geminal and nongeminal cis- and trans-isomers in N3P3Cl2R2[O(CH2)3O]. Primary amines give geminal bis-derivatives. secondary amines mainly nongeminal trans-isomers in N3 P3Cl2R2[O(CH2)3O], but for pyrrolidine cis- and geminal isomers were also isolated.

The rapid growth of end-user computing EUC has dramatically affected the nature of information systems in many organizations and many countries. EUC proliferation is more evident in organizations in developing countries because of steady improvement in the performance/price ratio of EUC computing technology. As organizations become increasingly dependent on EUC to fulfill their information requirements, the management of EUC resources demands a better understanding of the factors that affect EUC success. This paper attempts to measure and validate some individual and organizational factors hypothesized to affect the success of EUC in a developing country, namely Saudi Arabia. One hundred and fifty-eight end users in forty-five small organizations were surveyed. The study findings indicate that EUC success is closely associated with organization size, EUC training, source of computer application, computer literacy, top management involvement, number of system analysts, and availability of native language software. The need for a process oriented model to study organizational variables is addressed because of the importance of the time frame of the EUC adoption process.

Two Saudi females aged 26 and 14 years presented with giant fibroadenomas. The histology after surgical excision revealed benign fibrous histiocytomas. Patient one remained well with no apparent recurrence after 5 years of the initial excision. However, in patient 2 the benign fibrous histiocytoma recurred with low-grade malignancy after a year of the initial excision. A high-grade recurrence developed after 3 months of the second excision. This was treated by radical wide excision. It was felt later that mastectomy was more appropriate and therefore was performed. The second patient highlights the fact that malignant histiocytoma can occur in the pediatric age group and that the initial surgical treatment of benign fibrous histiocytoma should be aggressive to avoid recurrence and development of malignant changes. We believe that our second patient is the youngest age ever reported in the literature with malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Adult intussusception represents only about 5% of all intussusceptions and is usually caused by a malignant small bowel lesion acting as the apex of intussusception. We report an unusual case in a male patient of adult intussusception caused by a lipomatous lesion located in the terminal ileum, very close to the ileocecal valve, acting as the lead point. After repeated admissions to several hospitals for investigation of nonspecific abdominal symptoms, the possibility of intussusception was finally raised by a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen. The patient underwent a limited right hemicolectomy, which achieved long-lasting cure of his symptoms. This case highlights the difficulties of diagnosing adult intussusception promptly, and the fact that it can also be caused by a benign lesion.

Colonic duplication is a rare congenital anomaly that is often diagnosed in childhood, but may go unrecognised until adulthood. It often presents with chronic abdominal pain and constipation, and the preoperative diagnosis may be difficult. We present a case of sigmoid duplication in a 33-year-old Indonesian woman who presented with right-sided colicky abdominal pain and vomiting. Clinical examination was unremarkable and radiological investigations raised the possibility of a giant colon diverticulum. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy that revealed a tubular sigmoid duplication. A sigmoid colectomy with end-to-end anastomosis was performed. She was discharged a week later and remained well at 1 year follow-up. Colon duplications rarely present in adult life and the accurate diagnosis is often made at laparotomy.

There are a wide variety of laser pointers sold to the general public. Among those are the high-powered diode-pumped solid-state lasers (>5 mW), which do not follow the laser safety regulations for packing, and are sold as regular lasers without the infrared (IR) filters. In this case report, we encountered a patient with photoblepharokeratoconjunctivitis caused by the invisible IR radiations emitted from a green laser pointer. Owing to the thermal effect of the invisible IR rays led to the disease.

The study of pressure transient testing in Zuluf field was initially undertaken to estimate important well and reservoir flow parameters and characterize heterogeneities in the Khafji reservoir. However, during the course of interpretation, numerous engineering complexities were encountered due to the nature of well behavior and reservoir petrophysics. Furthermore, many operational complications resulted in low quality data that negatively influenced the accuracy of the analysis. Interpretational difficulties were caused by complexity in determining net reservoir thickness and wide variation in fluid PVT properties. Operational complications, on the other hand, were caused by wellbore phenomena such as gas slugging, gas humping and phase segregation that affected the accuracy of rate measurement and led to the masking of the actual reservoir response. These difficulties encountered have led us to take a global diagnostic perspective at the overall well testing practices in Zuluf field with the aim of identifying their causes in order to take the appropriate remedial actions. In light of the outcome of this study, recommendations are made to improve quality of test data by modifying current testing procedure and/or suggesting new alternatives1. Engineering recommendations are also presented in order to standardize the selection of net pay thickness and facilitate the well test interpretation process. This paper highlights findings, results and recommendations of pressure transient analysis study that was conducted in Zuluf field.

Conceptual reservoir models are the basis for any reservoir engineering study and constitute the backbone of pressure transient analysis. The selection of the correct reservoir model is of paramount importance and cannot be overstated since the validity of the well test itself is totally dependent on the applicability of selected reservoir model. Once the proper model has been selected, various computer-aided interpretation techniques and nonlinear estimation methods can be employed to obtain quantitative descriptions of important reservoir parameters and near wellbore conditions. Automated type curve matching, together with non-linear parameter estimation, are two great modern well test analysis tools made possible by recent advances in computer technology. In addition, the use of pressure derivative data has aided in model identification to a degree not experienced before. However, the problem of non-uniqueness in model responses threatens to undermine the accuracy and usefulness of these tools in helping to characterize petroleum reservoirs. In this study, we illustrate the problem of non-unique model response with an example of a simulated pressure buildup test generated for a well near a sealing fault, in an infinitely large reservoir. We show that four different reservoir models can match this model response quite accurately. This makes model selection in field cases quite impossible without requiring additional information. Using field well test data from one slanted-horizontal and a short-radius horizontal well, we show, in one case how the uncertainty in the well model, as well as the value of the effective well length led to multiple matches, resulting in different estimates of reservoir parameters. In the other case, we show that without additional information from a previous test, automatic parameter estimation alone would have led to an erroneous interpretation, and wrong parameter estimates for this short-radius horizontal well. In the field cases presented, we provide steps taken to reduce the uncertainty and non-uniqueness inherent in the process, leading to more accurate estimates of reservoir parameters from the well test data. We conclude that in many cases, integration of additional information from geology, seismic and previous well tests conducted in the same reservoir, is necessary to reduce the non-uniqueness problem and achieve an unequivocal model match.

This report describes a solitary syringocystadenoma papilliferum, a rare skin tumor, in a 9-year-old boy who was known to have Niemann-Pick disease. To our knowledge, this association has not been described in the medical literature and this is the first report describing such association.

Ocular diseases are very common in many of the systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, and may sometimes be the presenting symptom of the disease. In this case report, we present an unusual reaction of the sarcoid granuloma to carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitors (CAIs), which was encountered in a patient with ocular sarcoidosis. This observation was taken after a 2-week interval between a CT scan orbits and an MRI orbits which showed a decrease in size from 4×3×4 cm to 2.5×2.5×2 cm, respectively. We suspected the dorzolamide CAI to have had a significant role in the reduction in size. It is suggested that acidotic changes that occur due to the effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor causes electrolyte imbalance, intracellular as well as extracellular, which lead to the reduction in the size of the granuloma.

The proton and carbon-13 NMR spectra of some 4-amino-3-alkyl(aryl)-5-thio-1,2,4-triazolines, some 3-alkyl-5-thio- 1,2,4-triazolines and some 4-amino-3-aryl-5-thio-l,2,4-triazoles were measured in DMSO-d6 as solvent. The chemical shift for each proton and carbon in these compounds were assigned. The 'H, chemical shift of N-H protons of the thioamide group and the "C chemical shift of C(3) in the triazolines were found to be sensitive to the substituent R (alkyi or aryl) at C(3), and correlated to Taft substituent constant CT*. The deprotonation constants p^ of the 4-amino-l,2,4-triazolines were correlated linearly with the proton chemical shift, 8, of the thioamide N-H protons. يهدف هذا البحث إلى قياس طيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي لكل من الهيدروجين والكربون - 13 لبعض مشتقات 1 ، 2 ، 4 - تريازولين لمعرفة تأثير مجموعات الالكيل والاريل المختلفة والمرتبطة بذرة الكربون رقم 3 في هذه المشتقات على الازاحة الكيميائية لكل ذرات الهيدروجين والكربون في هذه المركبات ومعرفة أي المراكز أكثر حساسية للاستبدال وقد وجد أن الهيدروجين المرتبط بمجموعة الثيواميد وذرة الكوبون رقم 3 في هذه المركبات هما أكثر المراكز تأثيرا . وقد رسمت ونوقشت العلاقة بين قيم الازاحة الكيميائية (للبروتون على مجموعة الثيوأميد (1h.nmr) والكربون رقم (3 13c.nmr) مع ثوابت الاشتقاق لتافت a * و اثبتت الدراسة وجود علاقة خطية بين الازاحة الكيميائية لبروتون مجموعة الثيواميد وثوابت حامضية هذه المشتقات pka