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The main information systems design techniques focus, almost exclusively, on the functional requirements of the system to be implemented. In its standard formulation, axiomatic design has such characteristics. However, in complex operational environments, this can lead to the identification of functionally valid solutions, but do not perfectly adhere to the system’s nonfunctional requirements. In specific operational contexts, particularly in information systems design, neglecting nonfunctional requirements has been identified as a major threat to projects, which can prevent their proper utilization throughout the design process. In this paper, we focus on nonfunctional requirements in axiomatic design, whose impact assessments can only be performed according to a heuristic basis, i.e., by expert judgment. However, the value assignment by experts can lead to a decisional indeterminacy or cognitive bias. To overcome these limitations, we propose the adoption of a methodological approach based on a reinterpretation of the information axiom of axiomatic design in terms of a multi-criteria decision problem. This approach allows the formal inclusion of nonfunctional requirements in the design process, which can be accomplished by setting them as evaluation attributes to achieve the robust design solution. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to evaluate alternative design solutions based on the information theory of entropy, which then comply with the nonfunctional requirements. We illustrate our approach by a case study, which implements the process of managing patients in home care and compare it with the mathematical-based analytic hierarchy process method proposed in the literature. According to our method, the robust solution is computed in just a single step saving significant computational cost with respect to the iterative-based analytic hierarchy process method. In this perspective, the proposed approach can support information systems designers in decision making as it allows to select the most suitable solution for the context in which it must operate.

Put forward a kind of association rules mining method based on fuzzy genetic algorithm, this approach by building a mining model, the association rules and fuzzy genetic algorithm fuses in together, and then given to the fitness function of the mining space, and uses threshold to limit the fuzzy genetic algorithm will cross distribution and compile the fitness function, the improved method excavation stability is strong, the mining accuracy is high. The clustering analysis method of multidimensional fuzzy genetic algorithm mapping association network is studied, and the multidimensional module layout target is analyzed by using fuzzy hierarchical analysis technology and improved genetic algorithm combined with the clustering target of each angle, and the module division of each angle is realized. The main structure of the product is constructed with process model as the integration framework, style as the organization form, and feature list as the expression mechanism. The product characteristics based on fuzzy genetic algorithm are studied, the main structure configuration design process model mapping relation analysis, combined with the main structure of the joint model, together to achieve the fuzzy genetic algorithm (GA) variant design of fine-grained axiomatic mode, based on the associated network building and integration of new product design process, product structure of multidimensional optimization problem is solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the efficiency assessment of Decision Making Units (DMUs) when their inputs and outputs are fuzzy sets. An axiomatic derivation of the fuzzy production possibility set is presented and a fuzzy enhanced Russell graph measure is formulated using a fuzzy arithmetic approach. The proposed approach uses polygonal fuzzy sets and LU-fuzzy partial orders, and provides crisp efficiency measures (and associated efficiency ranking) as well as fuzzy efficient targets. The proposed approach has been compared with other fuzzy DEA approaches on different datasets from the literature, and the results show that it has more discriminant power and more flexibility in modelling the input and output data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a method to improve the design procedure of axiomatic design theory (AD) with Extenics. A comprehensive review of the AD indicates that the powerful principle of AD has been widely studied and applied to many areas, however, inexperienced practitioners of the AD theory still find it difficult to follow or apply the principles in their design which inadvertently often leads to misunderstanding and skepticism. The lack of definitive descriptions for all the elements and specific approaches to guiding the mapping process restricts the development and application of AD theory. This paper improves the design procedure of AD with Extenics. The elements in AD domain are expressed by basic-elements of Extenics, and the formulations are generated. The mapping process based on AD and Extenics is developed. The improved design procedure provides designers with a theoretical foundation based on the logical and rational thought process, meanwhile the solution space can be expanded and innovative designs are inspired. Based on the proposed design procedure, a computer-aided system is developed, which makes the complex and fuzzy design activity clear and easy to follow by filling in the blanks in a step-by-step manner. An example of a novel corn harvester header design scheme is considered to illustrate the validity of the improved design procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the demands of customers in the modern industry increased, the number of products, and the variety of components has increased. These issues have led to difficulties in product development and production. Modularization of products has advantages such as cost reduction, product development time reduction, and production time reduction. Modular design of products has been studied in the design activities of the modern industry. In this study, a modular design method is proposed to design a modular product based on axiomatic design (AD) and design structure matrix (DSM). AD and DSM are efficiently integrated into the proposed method. Functional requirements and design parameters are defined based on the Independence Axiom of AD, and the zigzagging process of AD is employed for the decomposition of the functional requirements (FRs) and design parameters (DPs). The design sequence is established based on the design matrix. Coupled or functionally close DPs are grouped into a module (Module 1). These modules are efficiently used in the design sequence. DSM is used to modularize the design parameters of the lowest level of axiomatic design. DSM is constructed based on physical interfaces and numerical clustering algorithms are used to identify strongly related components. They are grouped into a module (Module 2). Module 2 is exploited for production and management. Therefore, these two modules for different purposes can be used to increase efficiency in the design and production process. The proposed method is applied to two automobile parts such as the suspension system and cooling system. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic topological logic (⁠|$\textsf{DTL}$|⁠) is a multi-modal logic that was introduced for reasoning about dynamic topological systems , i.e. structures of the form |$\langle{\mathfrak{X}, f}\rangle $|⁠ , where |$\mathfrak{X}$| is a topological space and |$f$| is a continuous function on it. The problem of finding a complete and natural axiomatization for this logic in the original tri-modal language has been open for more than one decade. In this paper, we give a natural axiomatization of |$\textsf{DTL}$| and prove its strong completeness with respect to the class of all dynamic topological systems. Our proof system is infinitary in the sense that it contains an infinitary derivation rule with countably many premises and one conclusion. It should be remarked that |$\textsf{DTL}$| is semantically non-compact, so no finitary proof system for this logic could be strongly complete. Moreover, we provide an infinitary axiomatic system for the logic |${\textsf{DTL}}_{\mathcal{A}}$|⁠ , i.e. the |$\textsf{DTL}$| of Alexandrov spaces, and show that it is strongly complete with respect to the class of all dynamical systems based on Alexandrov spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both national and international encouragements for research and development (R&D) projects have been growing worldwide. Since R&D projects include various uncertainties related to time, technology, finance, and knowledge, risk management studies are highly significant for the success of these projects. In risk management, all of the potential actions that might have negative impacts on the processes or outputs of a project should be determined, and if it is possible, their negative impacts should be reduced before the project starts. In this study, after risks in R&D projects are determined, the alternative projects are prioritized with respect to these risks by using an approach based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP and fuzzy information axiom. Interval-valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (IVIF AHP) is used to determine the importance degrees of the determined risk factors while fuzzy information axiom is used to evaluate R&D projects considering these risk factors. It is revealed that the most important risk is "Abnormal changes in cost" while the least important one is "Deficiencies in contract articles". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to term equivalence, there are three ways to assign a nonempty set C of constants to the three-element Kleene lattice, leading to ternary algebras (C = {0, d, 1}), Kleene algebras (C = {0, 1}), and don’t know algebras (C = {d}). Our focus is on ternary algebras. We derive a strong, optimal natural duality and the restricted Priestley duality for ternary algebras and give axiomatisations of the dual categories. We apply these dualities in tandem to give straightforward and transparent proofs of some known results for ternary algebras. We also discuss, and in some cases prove, the corresponding dualities for Kleene lattices, Kleene algebras and don’t know algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpha-Theory was introduced in 1995 to provide a simplified version of Robinson's non-standard analysis which overcomes the technicalities of symbolic logic. The theory has been improved over the years, and recently it has been used also to solve practical problems in a pure numerical way, thanks to the introduction of algorithmic numbers. In this paper, we introduce Alpha-Theory using a novel axiomatic approach oriented towards real-world applications, to avoid the need to master mathematical logic and model theory. To corroborate the strong link of this Alpha-Theory axiomatization and scientific computations, we report numerical illustrative applications never carried out by means of non-standard numbers within a computer, i.e., the computation of the eigenvalues of a non-Archimedean matrix, some computations related to non-Archimedean Markov chains, and the Cholesky factorization of a non-Archimedean matrix. We also highlight the differences between our numerical routines and pure symbolic approaches: as expected, the former scales better when the dimension of the problem increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An apparel product has a unique feature other than other products in that apparel product design must consider three categories of design requirements, namely function (governed by natural sciences), comfort (governed by ergonomics), and pleasure (governed by aesthetics and psychology). This paper proposes a general design theory for apparel products. The theory is based on Axiomatic Design Theory (ADT), which is for the functional aspect of products, particularly by adapting ADT to apparel product design, to which all the aspects (function, comfort, pleasure) need to be considered. The proposed theory is thus called the Axiomatic Design Theory For Apparel (ADT-FA). The ADT-FA has two axioms. Axiom 1 (apparel) concerns coupling in the design requirement, and Axiom 2 (apparel) concerns redundancy in the design parameter. The proposed theory is preliminarily validated with the Zoot suit, which is well known in the community of apparel design. The work opens an avenue for more validations in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Converting customer needs into specific forms and providing consumers with services are crucial in product design. Currently, conversion is no longer difficult due to the development of modern technology, and various measures can be applied for product realization, thus increasing the complexity of analysis and evaluation in the design process. The focus of the design process has thus shifted from problem solving to minimizing the total amount of information content. This paper presents a New Hybrid Axiomatic Design (AD) Methodology based on iteratively matching and merging design parameters that meet the independence axiom and attribute constraints by applying trimming technology, the ideal final results, and technology evolution theory. The proposed method minimizes the total amount of information content and improves the design quality. Finally, a case study of a rehabilitation robot design for hemiplegic patients is presented. The results indicate that the iterative matching and merging of related attributes can minimize the total amount of information content, reduce the cost, and improve design efficiency. Additionally, evolutionary technology prediction can ensure product novelty and improve market competitiveness. The methodology provides an excellent way to design a new (or improved) product.

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanism of general arrangement (GA) design of large cruise ships as a contribution towards China's independent research and development of cruise ships.Methods Given the characteristics and expansibility of GA design, this paper expounds on two design mechanisms from the perspective of multi-disciplinary integration. These are the analysis of the design mechanism of themed functional areas of cruise ships based on the principle of axiomatic design, and the knowledge engineering-oriented modular design . Taking cruise ships that are currently typical worldwide as examples, the degree of mechanism fitting is also analyzed.Results The mapping law of themed functional area design from existing themed cruises to potential themed cruises can be obtained by establishing the relationship model between tourist's requirements and functional requirements; The cabin module of cruise decks can be effectively divided and the layout rules of cabin modules can be obtained by using a knowledge engineering-oriented modular design mechanism of cruise ships.Conclusions This paper integrates the principle of axiomatic design and knowledge engineering-oriented modular design to explore the GA design laws of large cruise ships, which has an important guiding significance for the GA design of the cruise ships in China.

The philosophy of production without waste is the fundamental belief behind lean manufacturing that should be adopted by enterprises. One of the waste elimination methods is assembly line balancing for lean manufacturing, i.e. Yamazumi. The assembly line balancing is to assign tasks to the workstations by minimizing the number of workstations to the required values. There should be no workstation with the excessively high or low workload, and all workstations must ideally work with balanced workloads. Accordingly, in this study, the axiomatic design method is applied for assembly line balancing in order to achieve maximum output with the installed capacity. In order to achieve this aim, all improvement opportunities are defined and utilized as an output of the study. Computational results indicate that the proposed method is effective to reduce operators’ idle time by 12%, imbalance workload between workstations by 38%, and the total number of workers by 12%. As a result of these improvements, the production volume is increased by 23%.

In the design process, design changes are unavoidable due to the need to meet customers’ requirements and support future change through technology development. Although components are supposed to be renewed within existing designs, these changes can propagate into other parts due to their interfaces. Propagation makes it difficult for a designer to identify these changes. This study aimed to introduce the integration matrix (I-DSM), an approach to the design of mechatronic products that involves determining changes in existing products with an axiomatic design. Reverse zigzagging was used to break down the entire product to its lowest level. A design matrix (DM) was constructed and then transformed into a design structure matrix (DSM). The I-DSM consists of three layers: information technology, electrical technology, and mechanical technology. The breadth-first search (BFS) method was employed to ascertain the change propagation path in order to consider it. After this, the changing workload was analyzed, and the decision-making process was used to determine the best possible option. Finally, an automatic guided vehicle was used in a case study to demonstrate the use of this methodology by showing how changes in a product can affect it and how a designer can prioritize activities.

Collaborative product development (CPD) processes are generally based on technological infrastructures. Various information technologies (IT) are proposed every day to facilitate collaboration, integration, co-design and co-development processes. In this highly uncertain environment, a systematic methodology is essential to plan the IT infrastructure needed to start and maintain a collaborative process. This study offers an integrated IT planning methodology combining fuzzy quality function deployment, fuzzy axiomatic design and fuzzy rule-based systems. The methodology is tested in a CPD case and the outcome presents an improvement path for IT for each of the collaborative parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the problem of design of systems for recoverability and discusses that a modularisation of the system architecture can effectively facilitate the recovering operations for a damaged system. To modularise the system architecture, Design Structure Matrix (DSM) methodology along with Axiomatic Design (AD) theory are employed. The study discusses that preventing propagation of the failure(s) to the rest of the system architecture can significantly contribute to the recovery of the system and proposes a methodology and utilises the Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR) as a good indicator reflecting the stochastic behaviour of system recoverability. The present study mathematically shows that modularisation of the system architecture can considerably augment the probability of success in recovering and fulfilling the physical components following experiencing a failure in the system, significantly reduce the length of recovery time and improve the system recoverability. To verify the presented method, architecture of information flow in a real contract is addressed. Results from the application of the method indicated that modularisation of the architecture of the information flow in the contract significantly reduces the volume of time and effort required for adjusting content of the clauses and improves the system recoverability considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of residual stresses in metal parts can be performed by making slits where such stresses are assumed to exist. Measuring the width of the slits can provide information on the type and size of residual stresses. The slits must be made by machining processes that do not introduce other stresses in the part's material. One of the methods that can be used in this regard is electrochemical cutting. In the paper, the ideas diagram method was used to analyze the possibilities of contouring some alternatives for the different components of electrochemical cutting equipment. An equipment structure was designed to allow the realization of slits in metal parts to evaluate the internal stresses in parts made of metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction sector is one of the major global economies and is characterised by low productivity and high inefficiencies, but could highly benefit from the introduction of robotic equipment in terms of productivity, safety, and quality. As the development and the availability of robotic solutions for the construction sector increases, the evaluation of their potential benefits compared to conventional processes that are currently adopted on construction sites becomes compelling. To this end, we exploit Bayesian decision theory and apply an axiomatic design guideline for the development of a decision-theoretic expert system that: (i) evaluates the utility of available alternatives based on evidence; (ii) accounts for uncertainty; and (iii) exploits both expert knowledge and preferences of the users. The development process is illustrated by means of exemplary use case scenarios that compare manual and robotic processes. A use case scenario that compares manual and robotic marking and spraying is chosen for describing the development process in detail. Findings show how decision making in equipment selection can be supported by means of dedicated systems for decision support, developed in collaboration with domain experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a number of alternative ways of handling transitive binary relations that commonly occur in first-order problems, in particular equivalence relations, total orders, and transitive relations in general. We show how such relations can be discovered syntactically in an input theory, and how they can be expressed in alternative ways. We experimentally evaluate different such ways on problems from the TPTP, using resolution-based reasoning tools as well as instance-based tools. Our conclusions are that (1) it is beneficial to consider different treatments of binary relations as a user, and that (2) reasoning tools could benefit from using a preprocessor or even built-in support for certain types of binary relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Electric power systems try to maximize resilience by various enhancement strategies as preventive and corrective actions against extreme weather events. This paper presents an operational network reconfiguration strategy during a high wind event to strengthen the resiliency of distribution networks. In the proposed resilience enhancement strategy, a bi‐level optimization problem is formulated with two conflicting objectives (i) maximizing grid resilience and (ii) realize the primary objective by a minimum number of out‐of‐service lines (OSLs) switching operations. Furthermore, the algorithm considers the priority of loads, which is an important characteristic of modern distribution grids. The optimization problem is solved by the bi‐level genetic algorithm (BiGA). The IEEE 33‐bus network is utilized to demonstrate the application of the developed algorithm. The simulation results show a significant improvement in the resiliency of the tested network and reveal that switching operations can be used effectively to increase the resiliency of distribution networks against natural disasters. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for finding the global optimal point. The proposed network reconfiguration strategy helps to prepare for severe weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lorenzo Mascheroni 's 1797 work La geometria del compasso , which develops a geometry based solely on compass constructions, is considered by the author as stepping back behind the "demarcation line" of Euclidean geometry. In this work Mascheroni emphasizes the practical aspects of this geometry over a theoretical approach. A century later, in 1899, David Hilbert and his student Michael Feldblum proposed a totally different approach – algebraic and axiomatic – concerning geometric constructions based on various instruments. Taking into account that, at the end of the 18th century, straightedge geometry was also developed, one may ask what happened to the image of instrument-based geometry during the 19th century? By focusing on Mascheroni's book and its reception, this article aims to examine the various views and conceptions of mathematicians with respect to this geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surprisingly, despite that fuzzy sets were introduced more than fifty years ago, there is not consensus yet about how to extend the notion of inclusion in such a framework. Recently, alternatively to previous methods in the literature, we introduced an approach in which we make use of the so-called φ -index of inclusion. This approach has a main difference with respect to previous ones: the degree of inclusion is identified with a function instead of with a value in [ 0 , 1 ] , although such a feature makes it difficult to compare the φ -index of inclusion with existing axiomatic approaches concerning measures of inclusion. This is the reason why in this paper we define two different and natural measures of inclusion by means of the φ -index of inclusion and, then, show that both measures satisfy some standard axiomatic approaches about measures of inclusion in the literature. In addition, taking into account the relationship of fuzzy entropy with Young axioms for measures of inclusion, we present also a measure of entropy based on the φ -index of inclusion that is in accordance with the axioms of De Luca and Termini. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy relations R : A 2 → [ 0 , 1 ] are widely used in decision-making in order to represent degrees of preference between alternatives in A. Examining fuzzy relations, this paper first reflects on an inherent incompatibility inside the domain of reciprocal fuzzy preference relations and preference structures. Aiming at clarifying the semantics of reciprocal fuzzy relations by means of that of weak fuzzy relations, a general frame is then proposed for studying the transformation between them, based on the notion of reciprocal functions. Next, we show that reciprocal relations can be naturally endowed with a preference structure of their own, containing two relations respectively showing a semantics of strict preference and lack of preference. Finally, we study the compatibility between these reciprocal preference structures and the standard preference structures of weak fuzzy preference relations by means of an axiomatic approach, leading to a system of functional equations that is shown to admit different solutions, allowing to explicitly assign one of the available semantics for reciprocal preference relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This paper emphasizes the important role of early robust design for optimal parameter and tolerance design. The theoretically discussed effects on parameter and tolerance optimization are supplemented by an illustrative case study showing the benefits of a robust product concept. The development of complex products with high quality in dynamic markets requires appropriate robust design and tolerancing workflows supporting the entire product development process. Despite the large number of methods and tools available for designers and tolerance engineers, there are hardly any consistent approaches that are applicable throughout all development stages. This is mainly due to the break between the primarily qualitative approaches for the concept stage and the quantitative parameter and tolerance design activities in subsequent stages. Motivated by this, this paper bridges the gap between these two different views by contrasting the used terminology and methods. Moreover, it studies the effects of early robust design decisions with a focus on Suh's Axiomatic Design axioms on later parameter and tolerance optimization. Since most robust design activities in concept design can be ascribed to these axioms, this allows reliable statements about the specific benefits of early robust design decisions on the entire process considering variation in product development for the first time. The presented effects on the optimization of nominal design parameters and their tolerance values are shown by means of a case study based on ski bindings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of residual stresses in metal parts can be performed by making slits where such stresses are assumed to exist. Measuring the width of the slits can provide information on the type and size of residual stresses. The slits must be made by machining processes that do not introduce other stresses in the part's material. One of the methods that can be used in this regard is electrochemical cutting. In the paper, the ideas diagram method was used to analyze the possibilities of contouring some alternatives for the different components of electrochemical cutting equipment. An equipment structure was designed to allow the realization of slits in metal parts to evaluate the internal stresses in parts made of metal.

This paper contributes to the theory of average rate of change (ARC) measurement. We use an axiomatic approach to generalize the conventional ARC measures (such as the difference quotient and the continuously compounded growth rate) in several directions: to outcome variables with arbitrary connected domains, to not necessarily time-shift invariant dependence on time, to more general (than an interval) time sets, to a path-dependent setting, and to a benchmark-based evaluation. We also revisit and generalize the relationship between the ARC measurement and intertemporal choice models. • Average rate of change (ARC) measurement is related to intertemporal choice. • An axiomatic approach to ARC measurement is developed. • Various generalizations of the conventional ARC measures are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequently, the teacher training programs in Chilean universities are designed from a generic vision of pedagogical competencies (not necessarily specialized for a particular discipline) and in form of face-to-face activities. The new demands of the society and the economy, the constant specializations of the scientific fields, and the incorporation of new technologies for teaching and learning make that the typical contemporary forms for the teacher academic training must be reviewed and analyzed. The main goal of this paper is to present the results of a survey about teaching needs on Engineering Pedagogy in engineering departments of INACAP (a Chilean university of applied sciences). In general, the instrument and indicators seek to obtain information about: (i) needs/demands related to engineering didactic fundamentals, (ii) requirements for the structuring and assessment of teaching-learning processes in a university context, (iii) requirements for the design and evaluation of face-to-face as well as online teaching-learning activities in engineering, among others. The project was led by the International Center of Engineering Education (CIEI) at the University of Talca (Chile) in cooperation with the academic staff of INACAP at the Talca campus, under the pedagogical support of the Technische Universität Dresden (Germany), Faculty of Education. Based on these research results and on the IGIP Curricula, a teacher training program for the academic staff of the engineering schools in online modality was designed and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is a substantial component of sustainable development all over the world. In order to ensure the optimal exploitation of renewable energy sources, selection of appropriate renewable energy technologies with a thorough assessment approach is required. There are several conversion technologies for biomass, which constitutes an important part of renewable energy sources. The evaluation of biomass conversion technologies is a complex problem since it contains many criteria, some of which are contradictory and must be taken into account simultaneously. Axiomatic design outperforms other design techniques by considering both what decision makers want to achieve and what the system can provide as Pythagorean fuzzy sets provide a greater domain to experts while assigning membership and non-membership values in a decision making process. Therefore, in this study, Pythagorean fuzzy sets are combined with axiomatic design approach to evaluate biomass conversion technologies. It is revealed that combustion is the best biomass conversion technology for the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The sensitivity and comparative analyses are conducted to show robustness and reliability of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the life-long contributions of Professor Sinha is in his search for new perspectives in psychology that would respect Indian cultural history. In that spirit, I will outline themes that are prominent in Indian cultural traditions from which universal science of human psychology could learn. All human beings relate to water and fertility, creating meaningful rituals of handling this valuable commodity. Likewise, it is deeply human to generate borders and social conditions for their crossings, and to participate collective rituals of symbolic processions. Psychology in the Occident has looked towards India as if it were an esoteric collection of local practices that would fit the empirical interests of cross-cultural psychology. I would claim that the psychological riches of India are of primary importance for general psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reveals a mathematical bridge between compass-only geometric constructions and parametric curves. A set of construction algorithms are presented which are used to locate points on any Bézier curve or B-Spline by using an abstract compass. These constructions aim to translate the B-Spline definition of Paul de Casteljau into the modified versions of compass-only constructions explained by Aleksandr Kostovskii. Several computer scripts are developed and used to simulate these constructions while calculating and minimizing their computational complexities. The mathematical bridge explained in this article is expected to bring back to mind the synthetic and axiomatic roots of design geometries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quality management system is an essential and mandatory instrument for maritime higher education institutions mandated by the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. To design an effective quality management system, it is strongly recommended to take the most comprehensive model of the quality system such as ISO 9001 quality management system. This paper proposes a knowledge-based model for assessing the compliance level of the quality management system of maritime higher education institutions with respect to ISO 9001:2015 to provide meaningful information to design an effective quality management system, to identify potential gaps and required improvement points in the quality management system. In the proposed model, fuzzy axiomatic design is selected as a suitable research methodology. The obtained results provide a decision aid for the relevant executives in maritime institutions who design a quality management system integrated with ISO 9001:2015 guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been various approaches to the supply chain such as lean, agile, robustness, sustainability, resilient, and green that each one focuses on supply chain from specific aspect. One of the new approaches to the supply chain is an integration of Lean, Agile, Resilient, and Green (LARG) that benefiting from the advantages of different approaches and avoiding their disadvantages. The present study proposes a model to design and evaluate LARG-based supply chain in Iran automotive industry using the concept of Axiomatic Design (AD) in a Hesitant Fuzzy (HF) environment. The study process consisted of two stages: designing stage and evaluating stage. In the first stage, the Functional Requirements (FR) and chain Design Parameters (DP) identified in the LARG supply chain based on the Delphi technique and literature review. Based on independence axiom, it should be considered that whether the satisfaction of one FR by the related DPs affects the quality of the other FR or not, which is examined based on the design matrix. In the second stage an integration of information axiom, the Best-Worst Method (BWM), and hesitant fuzzy logic was used to evaluate four supply chains in Iran automotive industry. The weight of supply chain criteria, the utility rate of desired supply chain criteria, and the current status for each supply chain criteria identified in this stage. The results indicated that the excellent LARG supply chain was consisted of 13 indicators. The model also revealed that the excellent supply chain was contained less information axiom and complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on universalism that is one of the clearest trends in theology over the last two centuries. Topics include considered that universalist turn raises significant questions, even for those "infernalists" who take it as axiomatic that some number of creatures meet eternal misery such as questions about the purpose of God's creation, the scope of his providence and the place for a pocket of everlasting rebellion and un-love within God's creation.

Frame creation (framing) faces the challenge of envisioning novel viewpoints that point to value. This paper examines framing and uses Dorst's definition of frame from the perspective of engineering design theories and methods to highlight three of their key characteristics: (P1) problem-domain independence, (P2) generativity, and (P3) formal definition of a valuable design outcome or process in terms of principles. These properties support two statements. Statement 1: an engineering design theory or method satisfying (P1), (P2) and (P3) holds Dorst's definition of frame. The design principles on which the engineering design theory or method is based on are the pattern of relationships that characterizes valuable outcomes and processes in that frame. Statement 2: when a designer uses an engineering design theory or method satisfying (P3), the interaction between the design problem frame (A) and the engineering design theory or method frame (B), uncovers a new frame (C) with a definition of value. Illustrative examples based on axiomatic design and C-K theory demonstrate the practical application of these statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an expository paper on tensor products where the standard approaches for constructing concrete instances of algebraic tensor products of linear spaces, via quotient spaces or via linear maps of bilinear maps, are reviewed by reducing them to different but isomorphic interpretations of an abstract notion, viz. the universal property, which is based on a pair of axioms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a useful product development technique, quality function deployment (QFD) can convert customer requirements into suitable engineering characteristics for maximum customer satisfaction. Nonetheless, the traditional QFD has been extensively criticized as having many defects in practical applications, which include the crisp evaluation of relationships between customer requirements and engineering characteristics, and the non-robust ranking of engineering characteristics. In this paper, we put forward a new method using double hierarchy hesitant linguistic term sets (DHHLTSs) and axiomatic design approach to enhance the performance of the classical QFD. Firs, the DHHLTSs are employed to evaluate the relationships between customer requirements and engineering characteristics. Then, the axiomatic design theory is extended to derive the prioritization of engineering characteristics in QFD. Additionally, a maximizing consensus method is used to determine the weights of experts considering inconsistency among their opinions. Finally, an empirical case of a shared car manufacturer is provided with a comparison analysis to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed QFD approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper contributes towards the investigation of L-supermerotopic spaces. It is a generalization of merotopy as far as the axiomatic structure is concerned, and proximity, both in terms of axioms and number of elements. Lattice structures of L-supermerotopic spaces are investigated and it is searched through L-superpremerotopy. Some basic and desirable results are also obtained.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background With the growing shortage of nurses, labor-saving technology has become more important. In health care practice, however, the fit with innovations is not easy. The aim of this study is to analyze the development of a mobile input device for electronic medical records (MEMR), a potentially labor-saving application supported by nurses, that failed to meet the needs of nurses after development. Method In a case study, we used an axiomatic design framework as an evaluation tool to visualize the mismatches between customer needs and the design parameters of the MEMR, and trace these mismatches back to (preliminary) decisions in the development process. We applied a mixed-method research design that consisted of analyzing of 118 external and internal files and working documents, 29 interviews and shorter inquiries, a user test, and an observation of use. By factoring and grouping the findings, we analyzed the relevant categories of mismatches. Results The involvement of nurses during the development was extensive, but not all feedback was, or could not be, used effectively to improve the MEMR. The mismatches with the most impact were found to be: (1) suboptimal supportive technology, (2) limited functionality of the app and input device, and (3) disruption of nurses’ workflow. Most mismatches were known by the IT department when the MEMR was offered to the units as a product. Development of the MEMR came to a halt because of limited use. Conclusion Choices for design parameters, made during the development of labor-saving technology for nurses, may conflict with the customer needs of nurses. Even though the causes of mismatches were mentioned by the IT department, the nurse managers acquired the MEMR based on the idea behind the app. The effects of the chosen design parameters should not only be compared to the customer needs, but also be assessed with nurses and nurse managers for the expected effect on the workflow.

Social awareness of the environment has promoted the vigorous development of remanufacturing. Traditional product design does not consider the remanufacturability, which leads to improper disposal at the end of the product’s life, resulting in environmental pollution and resource waste. In this paper, a method for the generation and optimization of product design schemes was established, in which remanufacturability was included at the early design stage of the product. Firstly, based on axiomatic design, the Z-shaped mapping was upgraded to the tree topology mapping, which was then incorporated into the scheme generation model, and seven remanufacturability design constraint criteria were used as constraints to obtain a product design set of scenarios. Secondly, the entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process were combined to calculate the weights of the four evaluation indicators: functionality, economy, stability, and environment; and a differential evolution algorithm was used to optimize the scheme. Finally, a lathe was taken as a case to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results showed that the method could successfully generate product design schemes that improved remanufacturability and met the needs of users.

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