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Recently, special attention has been paid to artificial groundwater recharge in water resource management in arid and semi-arid regions. Water resources distribution in these regions is extremely uneven, both in spatial and temporal forms and groundwater is the only water resource and is a major constraint on economic and social development. Artificial groundwater recharge is considered an appropriate strategy for overcoming the problem of water scarcity in these areas. Parameters considered in selecting groundwater artificial recharge locations are diverse and complex. In this study factors such as: land slopes, infiltration rate, depth of water table in aquifers, quality of alluvial sediments, land use, land owner density, geological consideration, and water quality and quantity are considered in determining the most suitable areas for groundwater recharge at Sarbisheh basin in the eastern part of Iran. Thematic layers for the above parameters were prepared, classified, weighted, and integrated in a GIS and RS environment by means of Analytic Hierarchy Process and fuzzy logic. Land-use maps were developed from satellite images and other digital maps of topography and geology alongside field investigations were also prepared. The results indicate that Analytic Hierarchy Process and fuzzy logic are reasonably suitable. However, the AHP is better than Fuzzy for practical purposes. Using different approaches for localizing provides the region with suitable context for developing and improving groundwater state. According to the results, employing Fuzzy methods, Boolean, and AHP are compatible with the proper location and this compatibility proves the goodness of the results.

The optimal utilization management is indispensable due to the limited groundwater resources and water resources high demand. The artificial recharge of aquifers is one of the most important approaches for this purpose, because of high performance and relatively low cost. In order to find the optimum sites for artificial recharge of aquifers, it is necessary to consider the whole effective factors in relation to recharge. In this study, the Rockworks software, widely employed in previous subsurface studies, was used for site selection analysis and final map generation. The case study is located in Surander watershed, Saravan countryside, Sistan and Baluchestan province in Iran. In order to find the suitable sites, it was used for analyzing data layers including slope, infiltration, permeability, alluvium thickness, alluvial quality, land use, watershed discharge, and aquifer layers transmissivity. These factors were weighted in Rockworks interface. Then, each of them was interpolated using Krigging method. All of the maps were produced by using Boolean operation. In the next step, generated Boolean maps were overlaid by using Algebra multiplication operation. Finally, the map of suitable places for artificial recharge was produced. As the result, the susceptible and insusceptible areas of artificial recharge were calculated as 2104.57 (17.33 percent) and 10036.53 hectares (82.67 percent), respectively.

Laizhou Bay coast is a typical region of seawater intrusion in China. Laizhou City, an important city in the region, is located in the transition zone from modern seawater intrusion in the east to paleo-seawater intrusion in the west. By 2010, the total area of Laizhou City affected by seawater intrusion has amounted to 228.5 km², about 12.17% of the city area. Many efforts were made to control seawater intrusion, including the building of a subsurface barrier, and a freshwater lake in the intertidal region, which created a hydraulic barrier. These two engineering control projects were intentional countermeasures against seawater intrusion. On the other hand, the extraction of underground saltwater for turbot aquaculture and brine for salt production unintentionally created a negative hydraulic barrier, as a result of human economic activities that utilized inferior groundwater resources with high salinity. Huge environmental and economic benefits came from these intentional and unintentional seawater intrusion control projects. Although the selection of these countermeasures is influenced by regional hydro- geological conditions and economic activities, the valuable experiences acquired in Laizhou City may also be useful for other coastal regions all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southern Vietnam is known as one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change in the world due to its low elevation and flat topography, heavy groundwater use, and dense population. This paper introduces hydrogeological conditions and critically reviews groundwater issues that southern Vietnam faces by summarizing previous literatures. Issues that this paper covers include groundwater use and associated phenomenon, acid sulfate soils, the occurrence of saline groundwaters, seawater intrusion, land subsidence, groundwater acidification, and groundwater contamination by nitrate, ammonium, and trace metals such as As, Fe, Mn, Al, Cd, and Pb. This paper shows that most of these issues are inter-related and essentially linked with the unique hydrogeological setting of the study area. However, many of these problems have also been triggered or aggravated by human activities that use water resources and land. Issues such as those of As contamination and groundwater acidification are connected with the aquifer characteristics that are generally confined and rich in organics and pyrite. However, groundwater salinization, acidification, groundwater level declining, land subsidence, and high heavy metal concentrations are in large part caused by human activities such as well installation and heavy groundwater abstraction. While previous studies have proposed artificial recharge as a promising means of mitigating groundwater issues in the study area, the development of techniques that help minimizing aquifer disturbances is also likely required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater is the main source of fresh water for domestic and agricultural uses in Palestine. Increased dependence on groundwater demonstrates the dire need to improve aquifer management in terms of understanding and controlling recharge and discharge issues. An artificial groundwater recharge feasibility study was proposed as one of the viable options to halt the decline of groundwater storage in Wadi Abu Al-Qamrah (WAAQ) area located in Hebron, south of the West Bank. Artificial recharge provides natural storage with minimum surface area requirements. It also minimizes evaporation loss, improves water quality, and utilizes surplus surface water runoff. The geology, soil, land cover, and natural streams were mapped using GIS and spatial analysis techniques. Geologic, hydrologic, and piezometric analyses were performed to support the decision. The geological investigation shows that there are two dominant geological formations in the study area: The Cenomanian formation at the foothills east and west, and the lower Cenomanian formation down in the valley. The hydrological analysis using the SCS-CN method indicates that the annual runoff generation in the catchment is estimated at about 0.33 MCM, among which, 70% comes from the upper urbanized part. The piezometric analysis obtained from monitoring the water level in thirty-three dug wells showed that in a short period of time, three months after the end of the rainy season, water table elevation was being declined at about 8 meters. This can be attributed to excessive abstraction. Based on the results of these analyses, several artificial recharge methods were proposed to check their suitability for the study area. The injection wells method was found to be the most suitable for WAAQ. This will enhance the sustainable groundwater management in the West Bank. To achieve this objective, a design well for the injection process is proposed. The potential locations the injection wells have been suggested based on the hydrological and geological analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• To investigate on the effective thermal conductivity compared with single well and two well geothermal heat exchange system. • To measure the thermal performance in accordance with no bleeding and 20% bleeding water. • To improve the performance of geothermal facilities equipped with an existing SCW geothermal heat exchanger, we aim to ensure operation stability of all geothermal facilities by switching to the process of balancing the well operation of the bleeding drainage. A study on the change in thermal conductivity according to the bleeding rate of a standing column well (SCW)-type geothermal heat exchanger is experimentally performed in which the thermal conductivity of the geothermal heat exchanger is improved by approximately 165.4% at a bleeding rate of 10%. In studies conducted overseas, a numerical analysis was conducted, in which the effective thermal conductivity was improved by approximately 186.8% at a maximum bleeding rate of 30%. In this study, the change in the thermal conductivity was investigated when the bleeding water of a submerged heat-exchanger was re-injected into other adjacent SCW-type subsea heat exchangers using an artificial recharging method. The thermal conductivity in the two-well type SCW geothermal heat exchanger was 4.0 times higher than that of a single-well type SCW geothermal heat exchanger measured at the same bleeding rate. We consider that the two wells in the SCW geothermal heat exchangers are connected to each other by 90 and 280 m underground. Additionally, we consider that the bled discharge water in each geothermal heat exchanger is returned to the other underground heat-exchanger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Geológico y Minero is the property of Instituto Tecnologico Geominero De Espana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Management of water resources in India has been a challenge whose magnitude has risen manifolds over the past 50 years due to a variety of reasons, notably the rising demands and growing environmental degradation. Broadly, most of the challenges in water management in India can be categorized in the following groups: (a) water availability, variability and increasing withdrawals, (b) environment and quality, (c) project construction, (d) water sharing disputes, (e) water governance and institutions, and (f) challenges induced due to climate and land-use cover changes. Here we discuss each of these challenges in detail. It is suggested that conservation of water and management of variabilities should be a cornerstone of water resources management in India. This note also suggests remedies to address the challenges and covers new initiatives by the Government of India (GoI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laboratory scale model of composite radial filter was designed, fabricated and tested for recharging aquifer with canal water. Charcoal (C), coarse sand (CS) and gravel (G) filter materials were placed in annular rings of developed radial filter in different combination of thickness, viz. 1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:2 and 1:2:1 for four treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Flow equation for discharge through composite radial filter was developed and verified through experiments. The design depth of the filter for given discharge was also obtained. Sodium hypochlorite solution was injected through chlorination unit at the outlet of the radial filter to remove the bacteriological contamination of filtered water. The performance of composite radial filter was evaluated by analyzing canal water before and after filtration. Water quality parameters of filtered water were found to be within permissible limit at low flow rate (0.3 lps). The water quality parameters of filtered water from treatment T3 with thickness of 10, 20 and 20 cm for C, CS and G respectively was found to be comparatively better than other three treatments (T1, T2 and T4). The composite radial filter consists of C, CS and G filter media having thickness in ratio of 1:2:2 was found to be the best for recharging groundwater aquifer with canal water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Both pumping test and recharge test in silty and sandy soil layer were conducted. • Recharge and pumping simultaneously is recommended for controlling settlement. • The different settlements in different schemes is mainly caused by the aquitard. • Because of the soil arching, the soil deformation can be divided into two zones. In deep excavation engineering, the head of the confined aquifer below the excavation bottom must be lowered when the anti-uprush safety factor is not satisfied. However, the drawdown of the confined aquifer may cause ground settlement around the excavation and endanger adjacent buildings, tunnels or municipal pipes. Artificial recharge (AR) is a measure that has been applied in such situations to recover the water level and control the settlement. However, practical engineering cases have shown that AR could control only the development of settlement and could hardly recover the settlement caused by long-term dewatering. Therefore, three recharge schemes, namely, "recharge first", "simultaneous pressure relief and recharge" and "pressure relief first", are studied using numerical modeling. The results show that the opening timing of the recharge wells and pressure relief wells has a significant impact on the final settlement. In different recharge schemes, different stress paths of the soil in the confined aquifer and overlying aquitards cause different plastic compressive deformations. To reduce plastic deformation, recharge should begin at the same time as pressure relief when the surrounding environment of the deep excavation must be strictly protected. Additionally, the case study and numerical simulation both show that the most significant settlement or uplift occurs in the deep soil layer rather than at the ground surface, a phenomenon that occurs because the vertical displacement of the soil adjacent to the relief and recharge wells is larger than that in the soil far away, leading to a vertical soil arching in the strata above the confined aquifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater recharge is an effective method to solve the groundwater overexploitation. In this study, the method of numerical simulation is used to discuss the environmental change of groundwater in the process of multi-source recharge. The results of multiple water sources including local regenerated water source, wetland water source and South-to-North water source show that the cumulative loss of groundwater resources in Mihuaishun area in 2007 ~ 2016 reaches -1.784 × 109 m3. The influence of different water sources on the local groundwater environment is different. Nitrate nitrogen concentration of regenerated water source and wetland water source is higher than that of groundwater, and artificial recharge increases the concentration of groundwater in the receiving water area. The nitrate concentration in the water source of South-to-North Water Division is relatively low, which plays a diluting role in the process of groundwater recharge. In addition, the artificial recharge of multiple water sources is also related to local hydrology geological conditions. The influence of multi-source recharge on groundwater quantity and water quality is analyzed comprehensively in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to discuss the change in groundwater level and quantity supplemented to Mihuaishun area from South to North Water Division Project. In this study, the method of numerical simulation was adopted to predict and analysis of the trend of groundwater level in the study area within 20 years. The survey concluded that the cumulative loss of groundwater resources in Mihuaishun area in 2007 ~ 2016 reaches -1.784 × 109 m³. According to the forecast, after the water source of South-to-North Water Division continues to recharge the aquifers at the rate of 0.12 billion m³/a for ten years, the local groundwater equilibrium changes from negative to positive, and the water level in the central funnel area increases by 25m. In addition, the artificial recharge of multiple water sources is also related to local hydrology geological conditions. The impacts of the obtained results are analyzing comprehensively the influence of South to North Water Division supplement on groundwater and providing reference for underground regulation and unified regulation of water resources after the water source of South-to-North Water Division transferred into Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatially constant porosity and hydraulic conductivity are usually applied in hydrological studies related to land reclamations. However, the grain sorting and the degree of compaction within land reclamations differ per placement method. A study area at Maasvlakte II, the Netherlands, and the four other land reclamations that could be found in the literature are considered that were constructed by a combination of bottom dumping, rainbowing and discharging the sand-water mixture by pipeline. The structures of the porous media are derived for each placement method and validated by comparison with semi-variograms of cone-penetration tests. It is found that all placement methods lead to some degree of heterogeneity, so that the hydraulic conductivity in these land reclamations is not constant. This is due to the degree of segregation of the grain sizes that differs between placement methods. Segregation even varies within a specific placement method because of its characteristics and site-specific circumstances such as settling depth, grain-size distribution and angularity resulting from grain type. If land reclamations are considered for aquifer storage and recovery for freshwater supply, it should be considered that the recovery efficiency will be affected by both the properties of the material in the borrow area and by the placement methods including their spatial configuration as applied during construction of the reclamation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last 60 years has seen unprecedented groundwater extraction and overdraft as well as development of new technologies for water treatment that together drive the advance in intentional groundwater replenishment known as managed aquifer recharge (MAR). This paper is the first known attempt to quantify the volume of MAR at global scale, and to illustrate the advancement of all the major types of MAR and relate these to research and regulatory advancements. Faced with changing climate and rising intensity of climate extremes, MAR is an increasingly important water management strategy, alongside demand management, to maintain, enhance and secure stressed groundwater systems and to protect and improve water quality. During this time, scientific research—on hydraulic design of facilities, tracer studies, managing clogging, recovery efficiency and water quality changes in aquifers—has underpinned practical improvements in MAR and has had broader benefits in hydrogeology. Recharge wells have greatly accelerated recharge, particularly in urban areas and for mine water management. In recent years, research into governance, operating practices, reliability, economics, risk assessment and public acceptance of MAR has been undertaken. Since the 1960s, implementation of MAR has accelerated at a rate of 5%/year, but is not keeping pace with increasing groundwater extraction. Currently, MAR has reached an estimated 10 km3/year, ~2.4% of groundwater extraction in countries reporting MAR (or ~1.0% of global groundwater extraction). MAR is likely to exceed 10% of global extraction, based on experience where MAR is more advanced, to sustain quantity, reliability and quality of water supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Building settlements are observed to increase progressively during redevelopment. • Combined recharge is proposed to prevent redevelopment-induced settlement. • Field tests are conducted to study the effect of combined recharge. • Combined recharge can ensure no absolute surface settlement during redevelopment. • We propose optimized plan to help better use recharge for settlement control. Abstract Artificial recharge is an effective way to minimize dewatering-induced ground settlements in deep excavation. To ensure the success of a long-term recharge, it is necessary to redevelop recharge wells (i.e., pumping) periodically to prevent well clogging. Field measurements show that ground settlements will occur during the well redevelopment. This paper proposed a method referred to as the combined recharge to eliminate settlement during well redevelopment. In the proposed method, a row of recharge wells (AR well) is added at the side of the traditional recharge wells (PR wells) to compensate water loss due to PR well redevelopment. Two field tests (with and without use of combined recharge) are conducted to investigate the ground response to recharge and redevelopment. Test results show that building settlements will increase progressively during redevelopment for case without combined recharge. However, there are no significant surface settlements during redevelopment for the case with combined recharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater groundwater resources at north Kuwait were contaminated by infiltrated oil as well as sea water that was used to fight the oil-well fires during the liberation of Kuwait in 1991. This paper investigates the feasibility of five remediation options to restore the polluted aquifers. These options include: (i) pump and treat of contaminated groundwater; (ii) cleaning the aquifer formation; (iii) construction of additional desalination plant; (iv) constructing additional storage tanks, and (v) development of artificial aquifer recharge schemes. The basis for this assessment study is to supply minimum basic drinking water to Kuwait City at a total rate of 50,000 m3/day in an emergency for up to one year based on essential basic need of 32 liters per capita per day. To compare these options, a decision matrix to select suitable remediation options using Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach is developed. The cost was given a relative weight of 20 whereas other criteria are given weight of 10. Based on these MCDA scores, it was found that option 3, namely, establishing an additional water desalination plant, is the most feasible option followed by option 5, artificial recharge of aquifers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transient numerical groundwater flow model using MODFLOW-NWT was set up and calibrated for Hanoi city, Vietnam, to understand the local groundwater flow system and to suggest solutions for sustainable water resource management. Urban development in Hanoi has caused a severe decline of groundwater levels. The present study evaluates the actual situation and investigates the suitability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to stop further depletion of groundwater resources. The results suggest that groundwater is being overexploited, as vast cones of depression exist in parts of the study area. Suitable locations to implement two MAR techniques—riverbank filtration and injection wells—were identified using multi-criteria decision analysis based on geographic information system (GIS). Three predictive scenarios were simulated. The relocation of pumping wells towards the Red River to induce riverbank filtration (first scenario) demonstrates that groundwater levels can be increased, especially in the depression cones. Groundwater levels can also be improved locally by the infiltration of surplus water into the upper aquifer (Holocene) via injection wells during the rainy season (second scenario), but this is not effective to raise the water table in the depression cones. Compared to the first scenario, the combination of riverbank filtration and injection wells (third scenario) shows a slightly raised overall water table. Groundwater flow modeling suggests that local overexploitation can be stopped by a smart relocation of wells from the main depression cones and the expansion of riverbank filtration. This could also avoid further land subsidence while the city’s water demand is met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of recharge water temperature on bioclogging processes and mechanisms during seasonal managed aquifer recharge (MAR), two groups of laboratory percolation experiments were conducted: a winter test and a summer test. The temperatures were controlled at ~5±2 and ~15±3 °C, and the tests involved bacterial inoculums acquired from well water during March 2014 and August 2015, for the winter and summer tests, respectively. The results indicated that the sand columns clogged ~10 times faster in the summer test due to a 10-fold larger bacterial growth rate. The maximum concentrations of total extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the winter test were approximately twice those in the summer test, primarily caused by a ~200 μg/g sand increase of both loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). In the first half of the experimental period, the accumulation of bacteria cells and EPS production induced rapid bioclogging in both the winter and summer tests. Afterward, increasing bacterial growth dominated the bioclogging in the summer test, while the accumulation of LB-EPS led to further bioclogging in the winter test. The biological analysis determined that the dominant bacteria in experiments for both seasons were different and the bacterial community diversity was ~50% higher in the winter test than that for summer. The seasonal inoculums could lead to differences in the bacterial community structure and diversity, while recharge water temperature was considered to be a major factor influencing the bacterial growth rate and metabolism behavior during the seasonal bioclogging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Indian water policy, Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is considered as one of the best supply side water management options to face groundwater depletion. It is expected to optimize the resource as well as attain environmental sustainability and meet water demands and social justice. It is also expected to be implemented with a paradigmatic shift in water management. From policy to practices, at the local level, numerous recharge structures exist, are built or planned and reveal controversial implementation. With a sociohistorical approach, our paper analyses the trajectory of MAR implementation in the Pondicherry Region (South India). Through interviews and observations, the trajectories of two local projects are scrutinized, The Tank Rehabilitation Programs in Pondicherry district and a recharge shaft in Kiliyanur. Stakeholders' strategies and values regarding MAR are analysed and how local appropriation leads to adaptation and diversion. Finally, there is no paradigmatic shift going with MAR implementation. Instead, MAR is shown as a consensual policy because it is a possible compromise between groundwater conservation, optimization of the resource, satisfaction of the users and social justice, but controversial positions and oppositions should be acknowledged within implementation. The paper discusses opposed conceptions of MAR: participatory vs. expert driven, demand vs. supply driven and traditional vs. modern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial groundwater revive assumes an essential part in feasible administration of groundwater assets. The present investigation was done to distinguish the simulated groundwater revive zones in Gandheswari watershed utilizing remote detecting and geological data framework (GIS) for increasing groundwater assets. The investigation zone has been confronting extreme water shortage because of concentrated farming for as far back as couple of years. Morphometric parameters are dissected to comprehend the watershed qualities and its effect on the water assets for example bifurcation proportion shows high surface spillover and low revive. Low seepage thickness indicates porous strata, thick vegetation, and low alleviation. Though, incline, geography and geomorphological mapping is done to separate groundwater potential zones for future investigation in the examination region. Slant is contrarily relative to penetration. In light of AHP, different ground water potential zones are discovered like amazing, great, great, poor, and extremely poor zones. Toward the end, last outline of manufactured revive sited determination depends on the dirt sort, slant, seepage arrange, and so on. The coordinated examination helps in outlining reasonable destinations for building water gathering structures. Check dams, permeation tanks, and Nala bund are proposed at first, second or third waste requests at Micro Basins with pediment. Nala bund and check dam are proposed at MB-2 and MB-4 though, at MB-3 check dams and permeation tanks are proposed in order to ration the regular assets display in the watershed. At last, the best achievable water reaping structures have been proposed inside the watershed region utilizing remote detecting and GIS strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]