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Pregabalin is a gabapentinoid approved for the treatment of general anxiety disorder, neuropathic pain and as adjunctive therapy for focal seizures in patients with epilepsy. In addition, there are a number of conditions for which pregabalin is prescribed off-label. Along with the widespread use there are a significant number of reports describing the misuse of pregabalin over the last decade. Over time, it became clear that pregabalin should become part of routine testing in toxicology laboratories. The aim of this paper was to present validation of a LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of pregabalin in plasma of acutely poisoned patients. Simple sample preparation step and rapid chromatographic separation shortened the overall analysis time, which was the goal of method development. The presence of pregabalin was confirmed with three ion transitions, ensuring high selectivity of the validated method. The statistical data obtained showed good precision and accuracy over a wide concentration range. No endogenous or other interference was detected, and there was no matrix effect influence with this method. The LC-MS/MS method was applied to quantify pregabalin in plasma samples of patients admitted to the emergency department due to a possible acute pregabalin overdose. Different concentrations were found, and we report, to the best of our knowledge, the highest plasma concentration of pregabalin in the plasma of a patient with acute poisoning. In conclusion, we developed a fast and simple LC-MS/MS method for reliable determination of pregabalin and demonstrated the developed method was suitable for routine use in clinical toxicology setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Jurisprudence is the property of Jurnal Jurisprudence and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To identify abuse and other risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults using data from the 2012 Ecuador's Survey of Health, Welfare, and Aging (SABE). Methods: This cross‐sectional study analyzed data from the 2012 SABE survey, which included 5235 adults aged 60 and above. The study evaluated residence, education level, ethnic self‐identification, self‐perceived health and memory, loneliness, cognitive status, and abuse. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Depression Scale, short version (YDS‐SV). Categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi‐square test, differences between groups were calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. A p‐value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 71.39 ± 8.59 years and 55.10% of the sample were women. Abuse was absent in 72.1% (3.773) of the population. The Chi‐square test indicated significant associations between depression and poor self‐reported health (P = 0.000) and indigenous ethnicity (P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (P < 0.001), abuse (p < 0.001), cognitive status (P = 0.002), and living alone (P = 0.034) significantly contributed to mood as assessed by the YDS‐SV. No statistically significant association was found for perceived health status or place of residence (urban or rural). Conclusions: Risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults include advanced age, living alone, cognitive decline, poor self‐perception of health and cognition, and abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Worldwide mothers are suffering from postpartum depression (PPD) which impairs mothers' well-being, children, and families, and leads to adverse outcomes for mothers and their growing newborns. Low and middle-income countries have a higher prevalence of PPD and limited studies about it. This study assessed the percentage of Palestinian mothers experiencing PPD nationally, identified mothers at a higher risk of PPD, and studied the correlation between PPD and mistreatment during childbirth. Methods: The study is based on a secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional study in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). A total of 745 telephone-based interviews with mothers were done within 2–4 weeks post-childbirth. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used as a screening tool for PPD. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for analyzing the data. Results: In the context of descriptive epidemiology, we observed that 12.6% of the selected Palestinian mothers experienced PPD, with a higher occurrence of PPD among mothers living in the Gaza Strip, a politically and economically unstable region in Palestine, compared to mothers living in the West Bank (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOD: 2.2, Confidence Interval (CI): 1.4–3.44). Older mothers were two times more likely to develop PPD compared to young mothers (AOR: 2.03, CI: 1.070–3.84). Mothers who experienced disrespectful behaviors represented by any abuse, negligence, abandonment, ineffective communication, or poor pain management in childbirth settings were more likely to report PPD than those who were not exposed to the disrespect. Conclusion: A notable percentage of Palestinian mothers were identified as experiencing PPD, especially among mothers who experienced mistreatment in childbirth settings. It is essential to support healthcare providers to improve their practices and attitudes to eliminate mistreatment and abusive behaviors of mothers during childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been in industrial and recreational use since the 18th century and is commonly perceived as a safe substance. Despite its increasing uptake, there is a lack of data on N2O-related harm. This article explores the misuse of N2O associated with various complications, with a focus on frostbite as a novel phenomenon. We aimed to review the existing body of literature and describe the epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, and management of patients with N2O-related frostbite injuries in the upper aerodigestive tract. Methods: A literature search was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases, focusing on English language articles related to N2O use patterns, associated injuries, pathophysiology, investigations, and management. Results: The search yielded 122 results, of which fifteen case reports and case series were included in the study. There are 54 total cases included in the analysis. There is an equal distribution of males and females among a young population with a median age of 27.5 years. Presentations of skin and mucosal injuries across different anatomical sites as well as their management approaches are described. Conclusions: The pathophysiology of frostbite involves both direct and indirect effects, leading to tissue ischaemia, inflammation, and immune responses. Complications, including airway obstruction, underscore the severity of N2O-related injuries. Management strategies include securing the airway, surgical debridement, and pharmacological interventions such as prophylactic corticosteroids and antibiotics. N2O is a documented causative agent of frostbite injuries. Awareness of its rising prevalence and potential complications is key in the treatment of patients with complications sustained from the use of N2O. Level of evidence: Not ratable [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key objective of the article was to analyze the current model of social preparedness of young people who were left without parental care in childhood and brought up in orphanages in Kazakhstan. The study utilized various scientific methods, including the structural-functional method, method of synthesis, logical and comparative analysis, and method of generalization. This article explores common issues facing orphanage graduates in Kazakhstan, analyzing factors contributing to their vulnerability and the impact of socio-demographic characteristics. Funded by the European Union, the study’s findings aim to enhance social work practices for this at-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the psychological dynamics associated with torture and examines its consequences on the victims. Initially, we investigate the psychological processes driving torturers to engage in extreme violence and brutality. Central to this exploration are the concepts of dehumanization and desensitization, which allow torturers to emotionally distance themselves from their victims and enact their aggressive behaviors. We elucidate how dehumanization and desensitization are often associated with the presence of a disordered personality, such as psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. Subsequently, we delve into the complex interplay of survival and defense mechanisms utilized by victims during the traumatic experience of torture. We examine how victims may form a traumatic bond with their tormentors as a coping mechanism for their physical and psychological suffering--a bond that may persist even after their release. This bond may manifest as a heteronomous will, in which victims continue to adhere to the torturer's demands even after liberation, resulting in a deconstruction of their identity and a profound sensation of existing as "living dead." This enduring bound can profoundly impact victims' emotions, behaviors, and relationships, contributing to the onset of severe clinical conditions, with evidence showing increased prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms among survivors. Finally, we evaluate therapeutic interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness in treating individuals who have endured torture. Drawing from a diverse range of therapeutic approaches, such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, trauma-focused cognitivebehavioral therapy, narrative exposure therapy, and the wraparound approach, clinicians can address the multifaceted psychological needs of torture survivors. Through empathetic and respectful therapeutic interventions, torture victims can receive the necessary support to navigate through the processing of their traumatic experiences. Consequently, they can regain a sense of agency and restore their self-esteem, thereby progressing along the trajectory towards achieving healing and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there is evidence that child maltreatment is positively associated with loneliness, the strength of this association is not yet clear. It is also unclear whether the magnitude and statistical significance of this association varies across groups of individuals. Therefore, this meta-analysis examines whether there are differences in loneliness between individuals with and without maltreatment histories, and which factors may influence the association between child maltreatment and loneliness. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted on 52 studies reporting 116 effect sizes (N = 1,705,493; M age = 30.93; 49.6% females). Results showed a medium overall effect (g = 0.45, p <.001, 95% CI [0.36, 0.53]), indicating that individuals with maltreatment histories, on average, feel lonelier than individuals without maltreatment histories. Moderator analyses showed that effect sizes were larger for emotional abuse and emotional neglect as compared to other types of child maltreatment and decreased when participants were older at the time of loneliness assessment. These findings suggest that individuals with maltreatment histories, especially those who have been emotionally abused and/or emotionally neglected, are vulnerable to experiencing loneliness across the lifespan. The results also suggest that feelings of loneliness warrant attention in prevention and intervention programs for individuals with maltreatment histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Christian groups and churches have been forced to recognize that they have been complicit in behaviour which has betrayed the gospel. How then is the church to address the historical reality of being an abusive healer? The image of the bronze serpent (Num. 21.4-9; 2 Kgs 18.4; Jn 3.14) offers an ambiguous image which may reveal the reality of the church as both a source of abuse and trauma as well as an instrument of healing within a pattern of restorative justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although it is often stated that children with special needs are at risk of being abused and neglected, research conducted on the abuse of children with specific learning disorders (SLDs) is limited. Methods: This case–control study aims to compare exposure to neglect and abuse among children diagnosed with SLDs (case group) and children with typical development (control group). The study included children aged 6 to 12 years who were referred to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic and Pediatric Clinic of a hospital in Türkiye. The data collection process included 196 participants and lasted for 7 months in 2020. Results: Based on the analysis of the data collected with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children‐Present and Lifetime Turkish Version (K‐SADS‐PL‐T) and the Abuse Assessment Questionnaire, we determined that children with SLDs were physically and emotionally abused more than the children of the control group. In addition, they witnessed violence between their parents more than the control group. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and witnessing family violence were identified as significant predictors for SLD. Conclusions: The presence of SLDs is a significant risk factor for children to be exposed to abuse even in the absence of ADHD as a comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This audit aimed to evaluate the utility of the Initial Assessment Tool (IAT) in documenting routine sensitive enquiry of adult interpersonal trauma within three Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs) in North-East Glasgow. In addition, it sought to evaluate if disclosures informed patient risk assessments and if patients were signposted to additional support services. 57% of 90 IATs had evidence of routine sensitive enquiry. Of 51 casefiles with evidence of routine sensitive enquiry, 61% had evidence of the information informing their risk assessments and 14% had documented recommendations of support organisations. The IAT appeared able to assist clinicians with routine sensitive enquiry in adulthood. However, there may be advantage in supporting staff understanding of how to ask questions to specific populations and to use this information to inform treatment planning. Given the prevalence of adult interpersonal trauma experienced by patients presenting to CMHTs, trauma-informed approaches to care should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Escalation of heroin intake induces a decrease of cortical grey matter volume (GMV) • GMV reduction correlates with the quantity of heroin intake and degree of escalation. • Heroin induces a shapeshift of microglia indicative of an activated state. • Shapeshift of microglia is observed only in areas undergoing GMV reduction. In opioid use disorder (OUD) patients, a decrease in brain grey matter volume (GMV) has been reported. It is unclear whether this is the consequence of prolonged exposure to opioids or is a predisposing causal factor in OUD development. To investigate this, we conducted a structural MRI longitudinal study in NIH Heterogeneous Stock rats exposed to heroin self-administration and age-matched naïve controls housed in the same controlled environment. Structural MRI scans were acquired before (MRI 1) and after (MRI 2) a prolonged period of long access heroin self-administration resulting in escalation of drug intake. Heroin intake resulted in reduced GMV in various cortical and sub-cortical brain regions. In drug-naïve controls no difference was found between MRI 1 and MRI 2. Notably, the degree of GMV reduction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the insula positively correlated with the amount of heroin consumed and the escalation of heroin use. In a preliminary gene expression analysis, we identified a number of transcripts linked to immune response and neuroinflammation. This prompted us to hypothesize a link between changes in microglia homeostasis and loss of GMV. For this reason, we analyzed the number and morphology of microglial cells in the mPFC and insula. The number of neurons and their morphology was also evaluated. The primary motor cortex, where no GMV change was observed, was used as negative control. We found no differences in the number of neurons and microglia cells following heroin. However, in the same regions where reduced GMV was detected, we observed a shift towards a rounder shape and size reduction in microglia, suggestive of their homeostatic change towards a reactive state. Altogether these findings suggest that escalation of heroin intake correlates with loss of GMV in specific brain regions and that this phenomenon is linked to changes in microglial morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article re-reads Beckett's play Not I (1972) in the light of the 'Mother and Baby Homes Report', published in January 2021. Beckett interrogates what James Smith, Clair Wills, and others have referred to as Ireland's 'architecture of containment'. Mouth, 'brought up ... with the other waifs' in a mother and baby home, absorbed religious notions of sin and punishment. Through a close reading of selected passages, the article considers to what extent Not I can be read as a 'survivor's testimony' such as those given to the commission of investigation into mother and baby homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Respectful maternity care (RMC) refers to the humane and dignified treatment of a childbearing woman throughout her pregnancy, childbirth and immediate postpartum period. Disrespect and abuse of women during labour, childbirth and immediate postpartum period in health facilities is one of the reasons which deter them from further utilizing maternal healthcare services. The present study was thus undertaken to determine to what extent RMC practices are being followed in a health facility in Manipur. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to August 2022 in a Health facility among women coming for institutional delivery along with direct observations of the labour room. The study tool comprises a semistructured questionnaire related to respectful maternity care which was adapted from the Person‑Centered Maternity Care Scale, a validated instrument. The direct observation method was carried out using a checklist adapted from a standardized tool developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Descriptive statistics were generated and approval of the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 336 (99.1%) women reported at least one form of disrespect or abuse during childbirth. Maximum abuse (91.4%) was reported in the facility and environment domain. Direct observation done on 22 deliveries in the labour room found that 72.7% of the women experienced at least one form of disrespect and abuse. Two (9.1%) women were observed to face physical force or abusive behaviour. Conclusion: Almost all the women reported at least one form of disrespect or abuse during childbirth. There is a need to improve the health facilities and women need to be treated with dignity and respect as it is being violated according to the findings in many studies as with ours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To document and evaluate a novel partnership model of a safekeeping program for pets owned by domestic violence victims between May 1,2021, and June l, 2023. ANIMALS 19 animals referred to the program. METHODS Procedures for identification, intake, medical and behavioral needs, and shelter of pets belonging to domestic violence victims were established and cases reviewed over the program's initial 2 years. RESULTS 13 dogs and 6 cats belonging to 13 owners were referred to the program. Seven dogs and 1 cat were placed into foster housing. Most pets were intact. One pet had medical concerns at intake (cardiac disease and seizures). Five pets were returned to their owners after an average stay of 5.3 weeks. Two pets were rehomed to new owners. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Veterinarians are likely to encounter pets affected by domestic violence and may be mandatory reporters in some states. This paper will aid veterinarians and community partners to understand the challenges and pet types they are likely to encounter and how best to assist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore gender differences of the associations between childhood adversity (CA) subtypes and psychiatric symptoms in the general population. Methods: Data of 791 participants were retrieved from a general population twin cohort. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to assess overall psychopathology with nine symptom domains scores and total CA with exposure to five CA subtypes, respectively. The associations between CA and psychopathology were analyzed in men and women separately and were subsequently compared. Results: Total CA was associated with total SCL-90 and all symptom domains without significant gender differences. However, the analyses of CA subtypes showed that the association between emotional abuse and total SCL-90 was stronger in women compared to men [χ2(1) = 4.10, P = 0.043]. Sexual abuse was significantly associated with total SCL-90 in women, but emotional neglect and physical neglect were associated with total SCL-90 in men. Exploratory analyses of CA subtypes and SCL-90 subdomains confirmed the pattern of gender-specific associations. In women, emotional abuse was associated with all symptom domains, and sexual abuse was associated with all except phobic anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity. In men, emotional neglect was associated with depression, and physical neglect was associated with phobic anxiety, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive–compulsive, paranoid ideation, and hostility subdomains. Conclusion: CA is a trans-syndromal risk factor regardless of gender. However, differential associations between CA subtypes and symptom manifestation might exist. Abuse might be particularly associated with psychopathology in women, whereas neglect might be associated with psychopathology in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and asexual (LGBTQA+) young people with disability are known to experience higher rates of harassment or abuse than LGBTQA+ young people without disability. This study focused on participants in Australia and identified factors associated with harassment or abuse among LGBTQA+ adolescents and young adults who reported a disability as well as associations with mental health outcomes. Analyses were conducted from a national survey that included 2,500 LGBTQA+ people who reported a disability and were aged 14 to 21 years. Measures included experiences in the past 12 months of verbal and physical harassment or abuse due to one's sexual orientation or gender identity, sexual harassment or abuse, mental health, suicidality, and sociodemographic traits. Overall, 48.4% of participants with disability reported experiencing verbal harassment or abuse, 12.4% physical harassment or abuse, and 29.7% sexual assault or harassment. In multivariable regression analyses, verbal harassment or abuse was significantly more likely among trans men, participants with an intellectual disability, and those who were "out" to most or all of their family. Physical harassment or abuse was significantly more likely among participants with a physical or sensory disability. Sexual harassment or abuse was significantly more likely among trans women and participants with a physical or sensory disability. Participants who experienced harassment or abuse were also significantly more likely to have attempted suicide in the past 12 months. These findings will assist policymakers and practitioners in identifying contexts linked to a heightened risk of abuse among LGBTQA+ young people with disability and further underscore an immediate need to address and prevent harm in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging evidence notes increased depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about populations at increased risk for emotional distress as the pandemic continues. Persons with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are one group that may be at higher risk for emotional distress. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine whether young adults, particularly Black young adults, with histories of ACEs report more emotional distress during the pandemic than those with no ACE exposure. Method: Using a cross-sectional, quota sampling approach, 100 Black and 100 White young adults were recruited using online sources (e.g., University website, Facebook). Due to the pandemic, participants were screened via Zoom and, if eligible, completed a demographic questionnaire, emotional distress measures (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress), and the ACE Questionnaire online via a Qualtrics survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis examined the ACE and emotional distress relationship, and multigroup SEM assessed racial differences. Results: High levels of both emotional distress and ACEs were observed. Black young adults reported significantly more ACEs than Whites. ACEs were significantly associated with each measure of emotional distress regardless of race or other covariates. Conclusions: Findings reveal that during the pandemic, persons exposed to ACEs reported greater emotional distress than those with no ACE exposure. Nurses must screen patients for both emotional distress and ACE to target those at higher risk for early intervention and initiate treatment as needed to mitigate long-term mental health consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual abuse oftentimes occurs in institutional settings involving a power imbalance, including churches, sports, schools, and workplaces. Abuse in the Catholic Church was a reoccurring media fixture beginning in 2002 but continues to be a prominent feature even today. On September 30, 2021, The Athletic published an article documenting a coach's sexual coercion, emotional and verbal abuse, and retaliation, exposing a toxic league culture that failed to protect its players. Negative outcomes for assault survivors can be exacerbated when institutions fail to prevent or respond appropriately to sexual assault, a phenomenon known as institutional betrayal. Using institutional betrayal theory as a context for understanding experiences, this paper presents an exploratory analysis of abuse and misconduct experiences from two separate institutions: the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and the Catholic Church. This discussion offers insight into how the various dimensions of institutional betrayal appear differently in distinctive institutional settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Child maltreatment, the abuse or neglect of children aged 0–18 years, is a severe and underreported global problem. Compared with other body parts, the orofacial region displays more signs of child maltreatment. Dentists and dental hygienists are therefore well situated to identify orofacial signs of child maltreatment. Aim: To map the current literature on orofacial signs of child maltreatment identified by dentists or dental hygienists. Design: A scoping review was conducted based on systematic searches of Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) for primary qualitative and quantitative studies through June 6, 2022. Results: Twenty‐nine studies were included in this scoping review. Though all child maltreatment types were identified in dental settings, physical abuse and dental neglect were most commonly identified. Reports of caries dominated the orofacial signs, followed by bruises (intra‐ and extraoral), poor oral hygiene, dental trauma, and lacerations (intra‐ and extraoral). Case reports were used most commonly to describe orofacial signs of child maltreatment. Conclusion: Dental clinicians identify orofacial signs of all child maltreatment types intraorally. Dentists identify the same extraoral signs as do other healthcare professionals, with bruising being the most common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Persecution is an arbitary act against other person with the aim of torturing and intentionally causing pain and injury. An abuse can be happened to anyone, especially to a child. Child abuse is a serious problem and it is requires more attention on the legal aspect. Persecution is an act that against the law and is contrary to the implementation of human rights, where all humans have their right to lives. This research aims to analyze thr causes, impacts, and legal protection toward children whose a victim of children abuse. By using a normative legal approach with a normative juridical approach methods which is carried out by examining theories, concepts, and related legislations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Victimisation of persons with severe mental illness is recognised as an urgent global concern, with literature pointing to higher rates of violent victimisation of persons with severe mental illness than those of the general population. Yet, for low income countries, there is a huge gap in the literature on the risk, character and victims' in-depth experiences of victimisation of persons with severe mental illness. We explore the lived experiences and meanings of victimisation of persons with severe mental illness in Uganda, and discuss their implications for care of the mentally ill. Methods: A pluralistic qualitative study was undertaken to explore victimisation among patients with severe mental illness. Patients who had suffered victimisation were purposively sampled from Butabika National Referral Mental Clinic and Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, following confirmation of symptom remission. In-depth interviews were held with 18 participants, comprising 13 females and 5 males from low to moderate socioeconomic status. Interpretative phenomenological analysis and thematic content analysis were conducted. Results: Victimisation was exhibited in three main forms: (a) psychological, expressed in attitudes towards mentally ill family members as valueless and dispensable, and stigmatisation, (b) physical, as manifested in beatings, indoor confinement and tethering mostly by family members and (c) sexual victimisation, particularly rape. Also observed were victim's various responses that pointed to the negative impact of victimisation, including a heightened risk of suicide, social withdrawal, a sense of hatefulness and a predisposition to more victimisation. Conclusion: The family environment plays a predominant role in perpetrating victimisation of the mentally ill in some sub-Saharan African contexts such as Uganda. We propose a holistic framework for mental health interventions, incorporating biomedical but notably also social determinants of mental health, and targeted at improving familial relationships, social support and a sense of belongingness both within the family and the broader community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People experiencing homelessness are at increased risk of violence and abuse, however, there is insufficient knowledge about rates of inquiry or readiness of healthcare professionals to address violence and abuse among this population. This study aimed to explore healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions of asking about violence and abuse among patients experiencing homelessness. Methods: This study used a qualitative, interpretive, and exploratory design. We performed focus group discussions with healthcare professionals (n = 22) working at an integrative healthcare unit for people experiencing homelessness. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke's six-phase approach. Findings are reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. Results: The overarching theme of the analysis is that addressing violence and abuse is at risk of "falling through the cracks". The theme is supported by three sub-themes: Hesitance to address violence and abuse, The complex dynamics of violence and abuse in homelessness, and Challenges in addressing violence and abuse amidst competing priorities and collaborative efforts. The normalisation of violence and abuse within the context of homelessness perpetuates a "cycle" where the severity and urgency of addressing violence and abuse are overlooked or minimised, hindering effective interventions. Moreover, healthcare professionals themselves may inadvertently contribute to this normalisation. The hesitance expressed by healthcare professionals in addressing the issue further reinforces the prevailing belief that violence and abuse are inherent aspects of homelessness. This normalisation within the healthcare system adds another layer of complexity to addressing these issues effectively. Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and coordinated efforts that not only address the immediate physical needs of people experiencing homelessness but also challenge and reshape the normalised perceptions surrounding violence and abuse. By prioritising awareness, education, and supportive interventions, we can begin to "break the cycle" and provide a safer environment where violence and abuse are not accepted or overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abusive supervision by the nurse manager significantly influences nurses' withholding voice about patient safety. The role of impression management motivation and speak up-related climate is crucial in understanding their connection. This study aimed to explore the relationship between abusive supervision, impression management motivation, speak up-related climate, and withholding voice about patient safety. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a convenience sampling method to recruit 419 clinical nurses from Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China, between 1 November 2022 and 31 January 2023. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist. Abusive supervision and impression management motivation were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Abusive Supervision Scale and the Impression Management Motivation Scale, respectively. Withholding voice about patient safety and speak up-related climate were identified using the Chinese version of the Speaking Up about Patient Safety Questionnaire. Results: Nurse leaders' abusive supervision (β=0.40, p<0.01) and nurses' impression management motivation (β=0.10, p<0.01) significantly and positively influenced nurses' withholding voice about patient safety. We introduced impression management motivation as a mediating variable, and the effect of abusive supervision on nurses' withholding voice decreased (β from 0.40 to 0.38, p< 0.01). Nurses' speak up-related climate played a moderating role between abusive supervision and impression management motivation (β= 0.24, p<0.05). Conclusions: Abusive supervision by nursing leaders can result in nurses withholding voice about patient safety out of self-protective impression management motives. This phenomenon inhibits nurses' subjective initiative and undermines their proactive involvement in improving patient safety, and hinders the cultivation of a culture encouraging full participation in patient safety, which should warrant significant attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. The metabolism and effects of the abuse of psychoactive substances are not yet fully understood, but it is evident that they represent a tremendous risk to the health of individuals. This paper aims to present a review of published results on the impact of psychoactive substance abuse on kidney function. Methodology. PubMed and MEDLINE databases were used to search the literature related to drug abuse and its effects on renal function. Results. For this study, we found 79 human studies that aimed to present a summary of published results on the impact of psychoactive substance abuse on kidney function. Renal manifestations of specific illicit drug abuse were included in this review. Conclusion. Understanding the nephrotoxicological profile caused by the use of psychoactive substances is the basis for adequate risk assessment and improvement of the treatment of consequential kidney disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic cathinones, derived from cathinone found in the plant Catha edulis, represent the second largest and most frequently seized group of new psychoactive substances. They are considered as β-keto analogs of amphetamine, sharing pharmacological effects with amphetamine and cocaine. This review describes the neurotoxic properties of synthetic cathinones, encompassing their capacity to induce neuroinflammation, dysregulate neurotransmitter systems, and alter monoamine transporters and receptors. Additionally, it discusses the rewarding and abuse potential of synthetic cathinones drawing from findings obtained through various preclinical animal models, contextualized with other classical psychostimulants. The review also offers an overview of current abuse trends of synthetic cathinones on the illicit drug market, specifying the aspects covered, and underscores the risks they pose to public health. Finally, the review discusses public health initiatives and efforts to reduce the hazards of synthetic cathinones, including harm reduction methods, education, and current clinical management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Falls and interpersonal violence pose significant threats to older adults, leading to injuries, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits. This study investigates the demographics and injury patterns in older adults (aged 60 and above) who sought ED care due to assaults, comparing them with those who experienced falls to gain a deeper understanding of older adult abuse patterns. Method: This study utilizes data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) All Injury Program (2005–2019) to examine injuries among older adults aged 60 years and above. Participants were categorized into two groups: older adult abuse and injuries due to falls. The differences between the groups by demographics, injury locations, patterns, and temporal trends were analyzed using statistical methods accounting for the weighted stratified nature of the data. Cosinor analysis and Joinpoint regression were used for temporal analysis. Results: Over 15 years, there were an estimated 307,237 ED visits for older adult abuse and 39,477,217 for falls. Older adults experiencing abuse were younger and had lower hospital admission rates compared to fall patients. Injuries associated with abuse included contusions/abrasions, penetrating injuries, and fractures to the head/neck, fingers, toes, ribs, and lower extremities. In contrast, fall patients had higher admission rates, with more fractures, including cervical spine and hip fractures. Temporal patterns showed a higher rate of assaults during the summer, whereas abuse demonstrated bimodal peaks in the summer and fall. Conclusions: Injuries associated with abuse such as facial, upper trunk, and upper extremity fractures should raise suspicion even in the absence of severe symptoms. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification to connect older adults with support resources, as patients experiencing abuse often get discharged from the ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lot of disparity between prevalence rates of child maltreatment from informant studies and from studies using self-report measures. However, there is not an instrument that can be completed by both the child/adolescent and a clinician. The aim of this study is to adapt the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) to be completed by professional workers, so as to provide with one instrument that can be applied to both self and informant-based sources of report in order to study the effect of the source of report on the prevalence rates of child maltreatment. A sample of 273 professionals provided evidence about 635 children/adolescents. Professionals assessed child maltreatment with the adapted version of the CTQ-SF and with the Children Risk of Abuse and Maltreatment Parental Scale (ACRAM-PS). We tested factor structure using frequentist and Bayesian Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA). Reliability was estimated using Composite Reliability Index. Discriminant and convergent validity were assessed using the ACRAM-PS as a criterion. Bayesian CFA with near-zero priors found a very good five-factor solution and the estimates of reliability were adequate for all dimensions. We also found support for the convergent validity of the adapted CTQ-SF with the dimensions of the ACRAM-PS. Psychometric properties of the adapted CTQ-SF are equivalent to those found in previous psychometric studies of the original CTQ-SF. Therefore, both instruments could be used simultaneously to explore the prevalence of abuse and neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several studies have shown that childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with a host of negative consequences including romantic relationship difficulties for victims in adulthood, most overlooked the potential effects on the romantic partner. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to comprehensively synthesize the literature on the association between a person's CM and their partner's individual and couple outcomes. We searched PubMed, PsycNET, Medline, CINAHL, and Eric using search strings related to CM and partner. We identified 3,238 articles after removal of duplicates; 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and relied on independent sample. The studies reported associations between a person's CM and a wide breadth of partner's negative couple outcomes (e.g., communication, sexuality) as well as intra-individual psychological difficulties (e.g., psychological distress, emotion, and stress reactivity). Meta-analytic results showed significant, but trivial to small associations between a person's CM and their partner's lower relationship satisfaction (r = −.09, 95% CI [−.14, −.04]), higher intimate partner violence (r =.08, [.05,.12]), and higher psychological distress (r =.11, [.06,.16]). These associations were similar for women and men and did not differ as a function of sample's mean age, proportion of cultural diversity, and publication year. These findings suggest that a person's CM is related to their partner's outcomes including to the partner's intra-individual outcomes. Prevention and intervention strategies should acknowledge that a person's CM may also affect their romantic partner, considering the couple as a reciprocal system, and offer victims' romantic partners specific services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper examines how women in Bangladesh contest abuse within patriarchal systems of control. In many cases, women will often decide the extent to which they adopt a particular technology to prevent experiences of abuse on social media platforms. In the current study, we analysed how women's online presence is controlled by patriarchal norms which impede their agency and recontextualise their empowerment through social media. As such, we rely on the narratives of three women in Dhaka, Bangladesh to understand how they exercise agency on social media platforms to ensure their own empowerment and avoid (further) experiences of abuse. Although we recognise that ICT for Development (ICT4D) can be a crucial way to ensure women's empowerment, we argue that, as a male-dominated space, social media platforms promote restrictive and unequal gender stereotypes that require women to find alternative strategies to challenge and resist existing patriarchal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies exploring the influential factors associated with attitudinal acceptance of wife abuse (AAWA) did not widely focus on the relation between women's social mobility (WSM) and different dimensions of AAWA in rural Bangladesh. This current study examined the association between WSM and different dimensions of AAWA in the context of socio-cultural differences among the Bengali, the Santal, and the Garo ethnic communities in rural Bangladesh. Adopting a cross-sectional design, 1,929 married men and women were randomly included in the study from 8 Bengali, 8 Santal, and 8 Garo villages where 50.2% were women and 49.8% were men. Of the sample, 33.2% Garo, 33.2% Santal, and 33.6% Bengali participants were included in this study. Data revealed that 45.5% of women had low social mobility and the prevalence of different dimensions of AAWA was high and varied among the study communities. We used descriptive statistics, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the association. The multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results revealed that the likelihood of attitudinal acceptance of overall abuse, psychological abuse, physical abuse, abuse on disobeying family obligation, and abuse on challenging male authority were significantly lower for the respondents who belonged to families where women enjoyed high mobility compared to those who belonged to families where WSM was low. This study also showed that the Bengali and the Santal participants were more likely to accept different dimensions of AAWA compared to the Garos. This study suggests that WSM should be considered in policy-making and implementing interventions to reduce the different dimensions of AAWA in rural Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Society & Social Work is the property of Journal of Society and Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives Identifying the hidden phenomenon of self-neglect in the elderly requires the use of a standard tool with a holistic perspective. The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the elder self-neglect (ESN) scale for the Iranian elderly. Methods & Materials After translation, one item related to the lifestyle subscale was removed due toincompatibility with Iranian culture. As a result, the psychometric properties of the 17-item draft were evaluated in terms of face validity and content validity using content validity index (CVI). Construct validity, internal consistency (using Cronbach’s α) and test re-test reliability (using intraclass correlation coefficient) were then measured. Participants were 30 older adults aged ≥60 years) selected from the retirement centers in Tehran, Iran (in the preliminary phase and 207 in the main phase. Data analysis was evaluated in SPSS software, version 21. Results The mean score of the ESN scale was 26.93. The CVI in overall was 0.92. The results of exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation led to the extraction of four factors, namely psychological self-neglect, personal/health, environment/health and lifestyle. Cronbach’s α (0.96) showed high internal consistency of the Persian ESN scale. Conclusion The Persian ESN scale has good validity and reliability and can be used as a suitable tool by geriatricians, nurses, or medical staff for identifying self-neglect behaviors in the Iranian elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica is the property of Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aims: Workplace violence (WPV) against nurses is a pervasive global issue, yet the extent of this phenomenon in the African context remains insufficiently explored. This review aimed to synthesize the available literature to identify the prevalence and predictors of WPV against nurses in Africa. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus, to identify studies published from 2000 to October 2023. The pooled prevalence of WPV and it subtypes were estimated using random‐effect meta‐analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was quantified with I2 statistics. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. Results: This review included 27 studies, involving 9831 nurses. The pooled prevalence of WPV was 62.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.6–72.0). Verbal abuse emerged as the most common form of WPV, with a prevalence rate of 51.2% (95% CI: 41.3–61.1), followed by threat 23.3% (95% CI: 6.5–57.2), bullying 22.9% (95% CI: 14.0–35.2), physical abuse 15.1% (95% CI: 11.0–20.4), and sexual harassment 10.3% (95% CI: 5.9–17. 5). The proportion of WPV varied across geographical areas in Africa; however, the differences were not significant. The predictors of WPV encompassed demographic factors, personal habits, workplace characteristics, and nurses' past experience. Conclusion: WPV against nurses is prevalent in Africa and transcends geographical boundaries in this region. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy changes to address this issue in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deficiency of the photoprotective pigment in the skin of persons with albinism exposes them to various skin and eye disorders. Myths about persons with albinism have arisen from ignorance of their unique looks, which has also led to stigmatisation and discrimination of persons affected by the condition. These can affect individuals' self-esteem and may have long-term psychological and general well-being implications. A cross-sectional design was used to document the perceived discrimination against persons with albinism in the Plateau State of North Central Nigeria and examine the relationship with self-esteem levels. Participants (N = 42) completed the interviewer-based questionnaire centred on sources of support, avoidance, and abusive behaviour by others towards them. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to estimate self-esteem, and information was analysed using SPSS version 26.0. The result showed more subjects were uncertain of fathers' acceptance than mothers (11.9 % vs 0.4 %), while 16 (38.1 %) were discriminated against by someone in a position of authority, 27 (64.3 %) had been verbally abused and 5 (9.5 %) physically abused on account of albinism. Challenges causing dissatisfaction were mainly financial, exposure to lack of protection from the sun and stigma. Self-esteem level was associated with the level of education, place of residence, the uncertainty of acceptance by the father, avoidance by peers, and being verbally abused. These findings serve as a baseline in advocating for policies to address stigma and discrimination against persons with albinism within communities while developing programs that aid in building their self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with most professional institutions, English Premier League football clubs offer insightful, unique opportunities to more fully comprehend the cultural significance of banter and abuse within workplace environments. This article offers a new, critical perspective that provides a better understanding of the distinctive, intricate social discourses surrounding banter in the daily lives of professional footballers by answering the research question: What is the cultural significance of banter within the competitive work environments of English Premier League players? Data were collected from 10 male participants (aged 18–30) by means of qualitative semi-structured vignette interviews. Each participant was interviewed on three separate occasions (30 interviews). The data and subsequent analysis illustrate how banter is an accepted and legitimised discourse within professional football, but promotes considerable anxiety, stress and unhappiness in work environments. This study provides an original insight into the attitudes professional football players hold towards banter. Contributing to the existing research that has examined forms of abuse within sport, this article aims to better inform the management and development of athlete well-being and player care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School-Based Health Centers (SBHCs) often serve vulnerable populations who have been exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) which have been tied to an increase in adult health risk factors. At an urban SBHC serving adolescent students, 75% of patients reported three or more ACEs. This SBHC also had multiple practitioner students. A multicomponent onboarding was created to implement the Patient Interaction Standard of Care, addressing the SBHC model, adolescent care, and ACEs. Practitioner students that completed the onboarding demonstrated 97% adherence to the Patient Interaction Standard of Care "Always" or "Most of the Time." By onboarding frequent practitioner students, care provided to this vulnerable patient population was more consistently aligned to evidenced-based care appropriate for the SBHC model, adolescent care, and ACEs. This demonstrates the importance of mandatory onboarding completion compliance and further implementation across other SBCHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting to the emergency department with an overdose of over‐the‐counter (OTC) drugs. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the sociodemographic characteristics of patients with OTC drugs overdoses visiting emergency departments at eight sites across the country. The patients were divided into “habitual” and “nonhabitual” groups according to their history of OTC drugs overdose. Student's t‐test or Welch's t‐test was performed for numerical variables, and Pearson's χ2 test was performed for dichotomous and nominal variables between the two groups. Results Of the 124 patients included in this study, 79% were women. The habitual (26.6%) and the nonhabitual (73.4%) groups showed no differences in sex, occupation, cohabitants, history of mental illness, or history of alcohol consumption or smoking; however, those in the habitual group were significantly younger. The proportion of OTC drugs obtained from physical stores was higher in the habitual group, whereas the nonhabitual group used more household medicines. Suicide and self‐harm were more common reasons for overdose in the nonhabitual group. Antipyretic analgesics were significantly more common in the nonhabitual group, whereas antitussive expectorants and antihistamines were significantly more common in the habitual group. Conclusion This is the first multicenter study to determine the status of OTC drugs overdose patients treated at emergency departments of medical facilities in Japan. To prevent new overdoses of OTC drugs, continued detailed epidemiologic studies of patient backgrounds and drug acquisition routes, and investigation of the components of OTC drugs that cause dependency are necessary.

The Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is the result of a severe form of physical abuse inflicted on children under the age of 2, mostly by parents or other caregivers, to quiet their inconsolable crying. The violent shaking of the child results in devastating consequences up to death or can lead to serious neurological sequelae and/or compromise of their neurodevelopment. The clinical diagnosis of SBS is not always easy and immediate, especially in cases where the picture presents with subtle signs and symptoms not directly attributable to abuse: it is therefore fundamental that the family pediatrician is aware of this nosological entity, suspects it in the presence of certain risk factors, always considers it in the differential diagnosis like any other pathology, and above all prevents it through sensitization and education of parents and other caregivers to adequately manage their child's crying. This article aims to emphasize the role of primary care pediatricians in knowing, recognizing, and preventing the shaken baby syndrome.

Integrating appreciative inquiry (AI) and pastoral care may help address the complex issues of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. This article explores the benefits of incorporating AI principles into pastoral care for survivors of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking involve exploitation, degradation, and violence, making them complex issues. By understanding the sex trade, we can recognise that prostitution is an act of exploitation. Some scholars believe that prostitution and human trafficking are interconnected, with a focus on exploiting the poor, especially women and children. Commercial sexual exploitation can cause mental, emotional, and spiritual distress. Survivors require comprehensive aftercare to address their spiritual, self-esteem, and dignity needs. Organisational development-based AI is constructive and strength-based. Appreciative inquiry promotes positive development, community and individual strength, and resilience by re-contextualizing narratives and envisioning brighter futures. The use of AI could improve pastoral care and holistic rehabilitation. Pastoral caregivers using AI can promote reconciliation, development, and rehabilitation. Using strengths-based strategies, pastoral care practitioners can help survivors regain agency and purpose. Survivors receive spiritual support through the Appreciative Way, which combines contemplative spirituality and inquiry. Narrative exploration can help trauma survivors envision a bright future based on love and resilience. This study suggests that AI principles may benefit pastoral care recipients who have experienced commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Pastoral caregivers can help survivors regain dignity, calling, and well-being by implementing an appreciative healing approach. Contribution: The article sheds light on the dehumanising consequences of sex trafficking on vulnerable populations in South Africa, particularly women and children. This article aims to explain how AI concepts can be applied to Practical Theology. Specifically, this article will demonstrate how the Appreciative Way can be utilised in pastoral care for healing from sex trafficking trauma.

This article provides an overview of the psychological dynamics associated with torture and examines its consequences on the victims. Initially, we investigate the psychological processes driving torturers to engage in extreme violence and brutality. Central to this exploration are the concepts of dehumanization and desensitization, which allow torturers to emotionally distance themselves from their victims and enact their aggressive behaviors. We elucidate how dehumanization and desensitization are often associated with the presence of a disordered personality, such as psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. Subsequently, we delve into the complex interplay of survival and defense mechanisms utilized by victims during the traumatic experience of torture. We examine how victims may form a traumatic bond with their tormentors as a coping mechanism for their physical and psychological suffering—a bond that may persist even after their release. This bond may manifest as a heteronomous will, in which victims continue to adhere to the torturer’s demands even after liberation, resulting in a deconstruction of their identity and a profound sensation of existing as “living dead.” This enduring bound can profoundly impact victims’ emotions, behaviors, and relationships, contributing to the onset of severe clinical conditions, with evidence showing increased prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms among survivors. Finally, we evaluate therapeutic interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness in treating individuals who have endured torture. Drawing from a diverse range of therapeutic approaches, such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, narrative exposure therapy, and the wraparound approach, clinicians can address the multifaceted psychological needs of torture survivors. Through empathetic and respectful therapeutic interventions, torture victims can receive the necessary support to navigate through the processing of their traumatic experiences. Consequently, they can regain a sense of agency and restore their self-esteem, thereby progressing along the trajectory towards achieving healing and recovery.

Background. The article examines the marital conflict in the provincial families focusing on a variety of issues related to beatings and abuse took place in Tver and Yaroslavl Provinces. The discussed issue is relevant and the study of marriage conflicts in historical context can contribute to preventing domestic violence in modern families. Materials and methods. The study is conducted using materials from state archives of the Tver and Yaroslavl regions. The authors employ a range of historical and general scientific methods, including those used to study the history of daily life, as well as the set of approaches of women's and gender history. Results. The authors studied the types of domestic violence as well as the all-Russian statistics on punishments for such crimes. The main causes of abuse and the ability of the wives to protect themselves from the arbitrariness of husbands have been identified. Conclusions. Domestic violence was not uncommon. For most of the period women could not officially separate from their husbands because of abuse. The studied appeals of victims to various judicial authorities showed an increase in women's self-awareness and emancipation of women in general. However, despite the fact that abusive husbands could receive serious prison sentences and even be sent to hard labor for their crimes, they more often received minor punishments, and their wives had to put up with abuse.

BackgroundAltered DNA methylation (DNAm) may be one pathway through which early-life adversity (ELA) contributes to adverse mental and physical health outcomes. This study investigated whether the presence versus absence of ELA experiences reflecting the dimensions of threat and deprivation were associated with epigenome-wide DNAm cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a community-based sample of children and adolescents.MethodsIn 113 youths aged 8-16 years with wide variability in ELA, we examined associations of abuse (physical, sexual, emotional; indicating threat-related experiences) and neglect (emotional, physical; indicating deprivation-related experiences) with DNAm assessed with the Illumina EPIC BeadChip array, with DNA derived from saliva. In cross-sectional epigenome-wide analyses, we investigated associations of lifetime abuse and neglect with DNAm at baseline. In longitudinal epigenome-wide analyses, we examined whether experiencing abuse and neglect over an approximately 2-year follow-up were each associated with change in DNAm from baseline to follow-up.ResultsIn cross-sectional analyses adjusting for lifetime experience of neglect, lifetime experience of abuse was associated with DNAm for four cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine (CpG) sites (cg20241299: coefficient = 0.023, SE = 0.004; cg08671764: coefficient = 0.018, SE = 0.003; cg27152686: coefficient = - 0.069, SE = 0.012; cg24241897: coefficient = - 0.003, SE = 0.001; FDR