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Introduction: Rotavirus infection is one of the main causes of severe diarrhea and dehydration in toddlers. Climate variation is one of the factors that influence the outbreak of infectious diseases. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between climate variations and the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea among patients at the Soerya Mother and Child Hospital, Sidoarjo District in 2016 – 2019. Methods: This study used an ecological study with the Pearson correlation test. Rotavirus infection data was taken from the Viral Diarrhea Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, which was derived from fecal samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis with the unit of analysis at the individual level living in Sidoarjo district. Meanwhile, climate variation data were obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency Indonesia official website with units of analysis at the population level. Results and Discussion: The number of rotavirus diarrhea for 48 months as many as 149 cases with an average air temperature of 28.2℃, rainfall of 191.4 mm², humidity of 77.31%, and wind speed of 2.82 knots. There was a weak correlation between rainfall and the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea (p=0.01 r=0.367) and a weak correlation with humidity (p=0.016; r=0.347). Meanwhile, the air temperature (p=0.909 r=0.017) and wind speed (p=0.272 r=-0.162) had no relationship with the incidence. Conclusion: Rainfall and high humidity are factors associated with the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in children under-five years in the Sidoarjo District.

Landslides often result in the formation of dammed lakes along rivers. This study aims to explore the correlation between landslides occurring in the Jajrud region and the subsequent creation of dammed lake. To achieve this objective, a combination of remote sensing techniques, geomorphometry, DEM imagery, GPS, ArcGIS software, MATLAB, Global Mapper, and GMT wereutilized. Radar interferometry and SPL methods were employed to analyze the influential factors contributing to landslides. The SBAS method was utilized to determine the amount of displacement while the SPL method involved analyzing basin morphometry and geomorphology through the Tec DEM model. Additionally, morphometric analysis was conducted to assess and correlate terrace sequences. Finally, based on the findings, the extent of the dammed lake was reconstructed The interferometry results revealed an approximate uplift of 40 mm in the landslide area over a span of three years, leading to long-term rupture and landslides TheSPL analysis demonstrated the active presence of morphotectonic changes in the basin, with faults causing amplitude fragmentation. Furthermore, upstream drifting flows, the valley became obstructed, forming a substantial lake along the Jajrud River.

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree that occupies 19% of the woody crop area and is cultivated in 67 countries on five continents. The largest olive production region is concentrated in the Mediterranean basin, where the olive tree has had an enormous economic, cultural, and environmental impact since the 7th century BC. In the Mediterranean region, salinity stands out as one of the main abiotic stress factors significantly affecting agricultural production. Moreover, climate change is expected to lead to increased salinization in this region, threatening olive productivity. Salt stress causes combined damage by osmotic stress and ionic toxicity, restricting olive growth and interfering with multiple metabolic processes. A large variability in salinity tolerance among olive cultivars has been described. This paper aims to synthesize information from the published literature on olive adaptations to salt stress and its importance in salinity tolerance. The morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of olive tolerance to salt stress are reviewed.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, educational development centers (EDCs) have evolved among universities from a marginal to a strategic aspect. The present study aimed to achieve an applicable task description at two levels of basic and quality improvement for EDCs and educational development offices (EDOs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research used the triangulation method. Initially, the current condition of EDCs across the country was evaluated with an electronic questionnaire in 2019. In the second phase, the modified Delphi method was used in two rounds with purposive sampling and a researcher-made questionnaire. The research participants were from all of the country. In the RAND technique, an electronic questionnaire was sent to 14 experts in medical education. After the analysis, the results were discussed, and the questions were answered again. We determined frequency and used content analysis. RESULTS: The task descriptions containing basic and quality improvement have been developed in three main sections: Organizational communication of EDCs and EDOs for policymaking; organizational structures, organizational charts, and the budget of EDCs and EDOs; and developmental roles of EDCs and EDOs (curriculum policies, curriculum development, blended learning, community-oriented), faculty development, evaluation (student assessment, faculty evaluation, program evaluation, accreditation), research (educational research, educational scholarship, innovative educational designs, events), and students (student committee, talented students). CONCLUSION: The task description guidelines have been prepared with 68 articles in basic and quality improvement and three main sections, including organizational communication of the EDCs and EDOs, organizational structures, the budget of the EDCs and EDOs, and their development roles.

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases expressed on a plethora of cell membranes. They play crucial roles in both embryonic development and adult tissue functions. There is an increasing amount of evidence that FGFR-mediated oncogenesis is mainly related to gene amplification, activating mutations, or translocation in tumors of various histological types. Dysregulation of FGFRs has been implicated in a wide variety of neoplasms, such as bladder, gastric, and lung cancers. Given their functional significance, FGFRs emerge as promising targets for cancer therapy. Here, we introduce CPL304100, an innovative and highly potent FGFR1–3 kinase inhibitor demonstrating excellent in vitro biological activity. Comprehensive analyses encompassed kinase assays, cell line evaluations, PK/PD studies surface plasmon resonance studies, molecular docking, and in vivo testing in mouse xenografts. CPL304110 exhibited a distinctive binding profile to FGFR1/2/3 kinase domains, accompanied by a good safety profile and favorable ADMET parameters. Selective inhibition of tumor cell lines featuring active FGFR signaling was observed, distinguishing it from cell lines lacking FGFR aberrations (FGFR1, 2, and 3). CPL304110 demonstrated efficacy in both FGFR-dependent cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) in vivo models. Comparative analyses with FDA-approved FGFR inhibitors, erdafitinib and pemigatinib, revealed certain advantages of CPL304110 in both in vitro and in vivo assessments. Encouraging preclinical results led the way for the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial (01FGFR2018; NCT04149691) to further evaluate CPL304110 as a novel anticancer therapy.

This work aims to merge ethnopharmacological knowledge with biochemical analysis to enrich our understanding of the significance of the argan tree (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) and to valorize its crucial role in the province of Essaouira (Morocco). First, a survey was conducted using semistructured interviews with 325 informants from Essaouira province between February and April 2023. The interviews covered sociodemographic data and information on argan tree uses, whether for therapeutic, cosmetic, or food purposes (i.e., applications, parts used, preparation, and administration). Second, phenolic extracts were prepared from various parts of the argan tree (i.e., leaves, kernels, nut shells, press cake, and oil) and then assessed for their antioxidant potential to scientifically validate their traditional uses. The evaluation of antioxidant activity focused on their free radical scavenging and reducing capacities, using DPPH and FRAP assays. Findings confirmed the cultural significance of the argan tree for the local population, as well as their strong dependence on its products. Indeed, it was noted that argan-based products are widely favored in traditional cuisine, with a prevalence of 83.4%; Amlou is the most commonly consumed food. Therapeutic and cosmetic applications accounted for 48.6% and 28.0%, respectively, predominantly for treating skin and subcutaneous issues (69.5%) and diabetes (19.7%). Argan oil was the most cited argan product used, often consumed raw (97.5%), followed by almonds (22.8%). Cataplasm (26.1%) and maceration (24.6%) were preferred for argan derivative preparation. External application (50.1%) was the primary administration method, followed by oral consumption (38.1%) and massage (27.7%). For in vitro assays, the argan tree could prove to be a promising source of phenolic compounds, especially in the leaves (>4 times richer than other parts, 231.046 ± 5.090 mg GAE/g DW). DPPH and FRAP tests demonstrated notable antiradical potential and reducing power, concentration-dependent. Leaf-derived phenolic extracts exhibited the highest free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 0.589 ± 0.005 mg/ml) and the best reducing capacity (IC50 = 0.420 ± 0.005 mg/ml), although these potencies remained below the standard used. This study represents valuable documentation that can serve to preserve information on the use of argan products while exploring their phytochemical and pharmacological properties.

There is a consensus among experts and consumers that pulses are a good source of nutrients and fiber. In a traditional hummus recipe, chickpeas are the major ingredient. The present study is aimed at developing new legume dips by exchanging chickpeas (Chd) with dry green (Gld) and red lentils (Rld), dry white beans (Wbd), and dry green peas (Gpd). Presoaking, boiling, proximate composition, pH, energy, color measurement, and sensory evaluation were conducted on the dips using chickpea dip (hummus) as a control. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the dips. The results revealed significant differences in the proximate composition of legume dips. The protein content of the five samples ranged between 7.46% and 9.19%, while the values varied from 8.59% to 10.93% in fat, 3.88% to 6.54% in crude fiber, 14.48% to 15.51% in carbohydrates, 171.95 to 195.13 in energy, 1.55% to 1.76% in ash, and 63.35% to 66.90% in moisture. These variations could be attributed to the type and composition of each legume, the soaking and boiling process, and the tahini added during the preparation. pH ranged between 4.5 and 4.7. The color measurement indicated that the five legume dips could be considered bright products (high L∗>67), with a positive color valuebluered-green and yellow-. Significant differences (p≤0.05) were observed in the legume dips sensory evaluation, and the red lentil dip was the most acceptable with results comparable to the chickpea dip; it was followed by the green lentil, white bean, and green pea dips. These results highlight the feasibility of commercial production of legume dip that promotes human health and gives consumers more choices.

Carbon-based catalysts were reported to hold advantages such as being cost-effective, eco-friendly while having good stability and high selectivity in catalytic processes. Optimization of sulfonated sago pith waste (s-SPW) catalyst as a starch-rich biomass-derived solid acid catalyst for conversion of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) feedstock to biodiesel product was performed in this study. Synthesis condition of s-SPW catalyst was optimized through the design of experiment (DOE) optimization by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Statistica Software V10.0. Four independent variables for the synthesis of s-SPW catalyst, including carbonization temperature, carbonization time, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation time were studied for the optimization work with the response of biodiesel yield. DOE was carried out by utilizing Central Composite Design (CCD) of 4 factors with 26 runs. The optimum synthesis condition of s-SPW catalyst was found at a carbonization temperature of 338.49 °C, carbonization time of 69.44 min, sulfonation temperature of 156.32 °C and sulfonation time of 7.13 min with a biodiesel yield of 69.51 %. Conversion of PFAD with s-SPW catalyst is a promising, greener and cost-effective synthetic route for biodiesel production.

Rainwater can serve as a safe and sustainable source of drinking water. From its formation and collection, rainwater can be contaminated by the surrounding atmosphere, dissolving various gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides to form various inorganic acids. These acids further promote contamination by dissolving metals and metal oxides that the rainwater encounters. On the other hand, depending on the cleanliness of the rainwater harvesting system, rainwater may be exposed to biological contaminants like pathogenic organisms from plant and animal origins and dust from dry deposition of particulate matter from the atmosphere. While all these contaminations can be dealt with relatively easily with modern water treatment technologies like media filtration, membrane technology and chlorination, rainwater is not as widely used as a source of drinking water as it should be, primarily due to a lack of incentives from the policy makers and availability of more accessible and abundant water sources like municipal water and groundwater. Above all, rainwater is not a reliable source of water as it is intermittent and can be unpredictable even with state-of-the-art weather forecasting. Thus, using rainwater as potable water source might only be suitable during rainy season and floods. The objective of this paper is to briefly review the technologies in purifying rainwater to potable water, and subsequently recommend an alternative technology called progressive freeze concentration (PFC) for the water purification purpose. Preliminary results with the new setup show that PFC can reduce the total dissolved solids (TDS) in rainwater by 83 - 96 % to produce ice that has less than 10 ppm TDS, with 75 – 90 % recovery. By comparing with reverse osmosis (RO), PFC has considerably lower capital and operating cost. Therefore, more research will be conducted to establish the feasibility of using PFC to purify rainwater and encourage the use of rainwater as a source of potable drinking water.

The complexity of processing fuel oil blended stock (FOBS) has raised environmental and waste management concerns, necessitating the transformation of FOBS into eco-friendly and higher-value products. This study explores the pyrolysis of FOBS, with focus on the production of CH4 and H2 using a Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst. The novelty lies in investigating the effects of varying the catalyst-to-feedstock ratio and catalyst weight percentage on gas product yield. Impregnation methods were used to generate 1, 3, and 5 wt. % Ni/ZSM-5, and characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, and FTIR. At a heat rate of 10 - 15 °C/min and 150 °C/min of nitrogen, samples with catalyst-to-feedstock ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 were pyrolyzed at 500 °C in 60 min. 1 wt. % Ni/ZSM-5 produced the most H2 and CH4 gases at the catalyst to FOBS of 1:15 ratio, with CH4 and H2 selectivity 33.11 % and 66.89 %, respectively. This demonstrates that a small amount of Ni loaded into HZSM-5 can efficiently generate a significant quantity of valuable gas products.

Indonesia began deploying a COVID‑19 vaccine in January 2021, prioritising vaccination for high‑risk groups such as healthcare workers, the elderly and those with comorbidi‑ ties, and ending with the general public due to limited vaccine availability. Our study aimed to evaluate antibody response in Indonesians who had received two doses of the vaccine vs. those who had not. The study design was a cohort study involving 46 unvaccinated people and 23 people who had received the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine in three months. Methods used for the qualitative and quantitative detection of IgG antibodies included rapid RI‑GHA and ELISA tests. Findings showed that positive IgG antibodies qualitatively detected by the rapid RI‑GHA test were significantly higher in those vaccinated (60.9%) than in unvaccinated people (26.1%). Using the ELISA assay, all vaccinated individuals qualitatively showed positive antibodies (cut‑off ≥4.33 BAU/ml), and the average quantitative titer of anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 s‑RBD IgG was significantly higher in vaccinated (157.06±238.68 BAU/ml) than in unvaccinated (51.90±87.60 BAU/ml) individuals. Some unvaccinated individuals with no history of infection were found to have anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 antibodies that may have been previously asymptomatic, although their mean antibody titers were certainly lower than those in the 2‑dose group. Approximately 56% of vaccinated individuals had antibody titers above 60 BAU/ml as a cut‑off for protective threshold, a significantly higher proportion than unvaccinated individuals. In conclusion, vaccination with two doses AstraZeneca increased anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 antibodies which resulted in enhanced immunity against symptomatic COVID‑19.

“Extremely High Frequency (EHF)” and “Very high frequency (VHF)” bands are mainly utilized with “Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs)” for communication purposes. However, due to the mobility of underwater sensors in water because of the water tide, the EHF/VHF signals may attenuate, lose or fade depending on the condition of the water. Therefore, it is a challenging stint of finding the optimal parameters of UWSN topology planning. In this paper, three “Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms (MOOAs)” have been utilized to mitigate this problem, namely MOSFP, SPEA2 and NSGA-II. This work also intends to minimize path loss. On the other hand, it intends to maximize the power density of the network. Various network configurations, such as distance between sender and receiver, water conductivity and water permeability, are considered to evaluate the proposed objective models. Qualitative and quantitative tests have been conducted to analyze the results. From the analysis of the intersection point of Pareto-front of the objective functions, it is shown that all the algorithms find the optimal distance between transmitter and receiver, which balances the aforementioned maximization and minimization objective functions. This value is 36 m.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that can grow fast due to its transmissibility through aerosols. One of the countries with the highest tuberculosis rates is Indonesia with a case fatality rate of 11.59%. This study's objective was to examine the relationship between the physical condition of the house and the immune system and the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers in Surabaya. Methods: This study used an analytic survey research design with a case control research methodology. The case population consisted of pediatric patients aged 0-5 years who were clinically diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The Chi-Square test was used to analyze bivariate data with a confidence level of 0.05 (α = 5%). Results and Discussion: The physical condition of the house that influenced the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers were room temperature (p = 0.009; OR = 8.300; CI = 1.480-46.936) and room humidity (p = 0.000; OR = 7.600; CI = 1.609-35.906) while the immune system that affected the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers were history of tuberculosis sufferers in the family (p = 0.018; OR = 6.000; CI = 1.266-28.498) and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.003; OR = 10.000; CI = 1.998-50.042). Conclusion: Houses with inadequate room temperature and humidity have an increased risk of tuberculosis development. Moreover, tuberculosis risk factors include a history of exclusive breastfeeding and a family history of tuberculosis. Health promotion by community health centers is expected to increase awareness of pediatric tuberculosis.

Introduction: The quality of clinical education is one of the important factors to improve clinical skills. Evidence shows that clinical education is replete with many challenges and attempt to tackle these challenges is priorities of medical education experts. This study endeavored to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process to rank order the challenges of clinical medical education from the perspective of clinical teachers and medical education experts. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 40 participants (32 clinical teachers and 8 medical education experts) were selected through convenience sampling. In the first phase, the challenges of clinical education were identified, screened, and prioritized using comprehensive searches. In the second phase, Analytic Hierarchy Process was done and the important problems were identified. Results: Comprehensive literature review led to the identification of 47 challenges. The preliminary screening eliminated 17 challenges and 30 challenges were ranked ordered by medical education experts. Data analysis showed that lack of student motivation (7.82±2.45), simultaneous working round and teaching round (7.79±2.20), and inappropriate evaluation methods (7.49±2.45) were the important challenges. In the second phase, 32 medical teachers prioritized the final challenges. AHP analysis showed that the presence of too many students in rounds (weight: 0.248), confined educational spaces (weight: 0.183), and lack of job motivation (weight: 0.103) were considered the most critical challenges. Conclusion: Ongoing improvement of the quality of clinical education depends on the identification of clinical problems by the use of scientific methods to do corrective actions. Planning to manage crowded clinical rounds is one of the important priorities of medical universities.

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