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True deep femoral artery aneurysms are a rare abnormality of the human vascular system and account for approximately 0.13% of all peripheral arterial aneurysms. We report a 66-year-old man with a ruptured deep femoral artery aneurysm and a pulsating hematoma. The patient underwent urgent endovascular embolization of the aneurysm-supplying artery. Then, 4 days later, in connection with the residual hematoma, which caused severe discomfort to the patient, and also due to the high risk of septic complications in the area of the hematoma, it was decided to perform an open aneurysmectomy and deep femoral artery ligation.A deep femoral artery aneurysm (a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall) is a rare abnormality of the human vascular system. A ruptured aneurysm can cause serious health problems such as bleeding, hemorrhagic shock and even death. We report a 66-year-old man with a ruptured femoral artery aneurysm. The patient underwent urgent intravascular plugging of the artery supplying the aneurysm. Then, 4 days later, in connection with the residual hematoma, which caused severe discomfort to the patient, and also due to the high risk of complications, it was decided to perform an open operative excision of the aneurysm. The postoperative period and 2-year follow-up were uneventful.

To analyze the relationship between the severity of postural instability in patients with CCI (chronic cerebral ischemia) and brain changes according to MRI, as well as to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vinpocetine.The study included 60 patients with CCI: 40 people with postural instability made up the main group and 20 people without balance disorders - the control group. The severity of manifestations of cerebrovascular pathology was assessed according to the protocol STRIVE. Severity of postural instability was assessed with the VAS, anxiety syndrome - Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, asthenia - Asthenic Condition Scale, daytime sleepiness - Epworth Sleepiness Scale, cognitive impairment - Montreal scale assessment of cognitive functions, the overall impression of treatment - Global Rating of Change Scale.The main group was associated with older age, more significant decrease in cognitive functions, urination disorders, anxiety syndrome and asthenia, changes according to MRI of the brain. CCI burden scale was significantly associated with VAS: β=0.479, P=0.035, 95% CI 0.023-0.928. The presence of lacunae was the most significant marker for the development of severe imbalance: β=0.482,The presence of lacunes in the basal ganglia is a most prominent neuroimaging marker of brain damage in patients with CCI and postural instability. The use of vinpocetine can significantly reduce the severity of imbalance, anxiety and asthenia, and normalize the circadian rhythm of sleep.Анализ связи между выраженностью постуральной неустойчивости у пациентов с хронической ишемией головного мозга (ХИМ) и изменениями головного мозга по данным МРТ, а также оценка эффективности и безопасности применения винпоцетина у данной категории больных.В наблюдательное открытое исследование были включены 60 пациентов с ХИМ: 40 больных с постуральной неустойчивостью составили основную группу и 20 без нарушений равновесия — группу сравнения. Оценивали выраженность изменений головного мозга по данным МРТ (протокол STRIVE), постуральной неустойчивости (шкала ВАШ-Н), тревожного синдрома (опросник Гамильтона), астении (шкала астенического состояния), дневной сонливости (шкала сонливости Epworth), когнитивных нарушений (Монреальская шкала оценки когнитивных функций), общее впечатление от лечения.В основной группе преобладали лица старшего возраста, с более значимым снижением когнитивных функций, нарушением мочеиспускания, тревожным синдромом и астенией, более выраженными изменениями (по данным МРТ головного мозга) за счет поражения перивентрикулярного белого вещества и лакун. Общая выраженность цереброваскулярных изменений оказалась связанной с ВАШ-Н: β=0,479,Нейровизуализационным маркером поражения головного мозга у пациентов с ХИМ и постуральной неустойчивостью является наличие лакун в области базальных ганглиев. Применение винпоцетина позволяет значительно уменьшить выраженность нарушения равновесия, тревожного синдрома и астении, нормализовать циркадный ритм сна.

Ahterosclerosis of vessels of the lower extremities is widely distributed in the population. Open surgical revascularization is an efficient method for treatment of this pathology. One of the rare postoperative complications is an anastomosis aneurysm development. We report about a clinical case of a 74-year-old male with a giant (25 cm in diameter) aneurysm of the proximal anastomosis after femoropopliteal bypass. Open aneurysmectomy was performed, and the postoperative period was uneventful.

Short thermal impulses are typical for the explosions, glowing combustion products, which are accompanied by high pressure and destructive force. The most suitable thermocouples for measuring temperature values of a high-speed thermal process are thermocouples with known dynamic characteristics, which record the value of the output EMF during the temperature change transient process. Hourly dependence of the input temperature is calculated by converting from the operator to hourly form or from the hourly dependence through the inverted convolution of the output signal with the pulse transient characteristic by numerical methods. Restoration of the values of temperature acting on them is done by EMF measured values processing using the well-known dynamic characteristics of thermocouples, which are suggested to be pre-determined in the form of magnitude and phase frequency response, by heating the thermocouple with a sinusoidal electric current of the appropriate frequency. To be able to implement the method of determining the characteristics of thermocouple dynamics, a model of the processes that occur in the thermocouple when electric current is passing through it is presented. The use of sinusoidal electric current to heat up the thermocouple leads to the appearance of a DC component and a component with second harmonic in the output of EMF. On the basis of the proposed model, the algorithm of obtaining the magnitude and phase frequency response of the thermocouple by means of determining the ratio of the amplitudes of the EMF variable of the thermocouple in the form of a composition at the double frequency of the input current to the amplitude of the second harmonic of the input current, obtained by means of elevation to the square of output EMF instantaneous values by the calculating method, is developed. The methodology was developed, a research system was created, and experimental samples of the fast thermocouples were made. The obtained dynamic characteristics allow, by applying the inverse function, to adequately measure the current temperature of thermal impulses using the data of the output thermal EMF of thermocouples. Keywords: measurement; temperature; thermal pulse; thermocouple; dynamic characteristics; Nyquist plot.

The paper shows that natural α,ω-dioic acid, α,ω-hexadecanedioic acid (HDA), is able to stimulate the respiration of succinate-fueled rat liver mitochondria in state 4 without induction of proton conductivity of the inner membrane. This effect of HDA is less pronounced in glutamate/malate-fueled mitochondria, as well as in the case of ascorbate/TMPD or ascorbate/ferrocyanide substrate systems, which transfer electrons directly to cytochrome c. It is noted that HDA-induced stimulation of respiration is not associated with damage to the inner membrane in a part of mitochondria and with shunting of electrons through the bc1 complex. Therefore, HDA can be considered as a natural decoupling agent. Specific inhibitors of the bc1 complex (antimycin A and myxothiazole) as well as malonate and dithionitrobenzoate were used in the inhibitory analysis. These and other experiments have shown that during the oxidation of succinate in liver mitochondria, the decoupling effect of HDA is mainly carried out at the level of the bc1 complex. We hypothesized that HDA is capable of promoting the cyclic transport of protons within the bc1 complex and thus switch this complex to the idle mode of operation (intrinsic uncoupling of the bc1 complex). Induction of free respiration in liver mitochondria by HDA at the level of the bc1 complex is considered as one of the "rescue pathways" of hepatocytes in various pathological conditions, accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and increased oxidative stress.

The paper deals with the analysis results of the professional selection of cosmonaut candidates by physical fitness within the framework of the second open competitive selection in 2017–2018. The basis for the analysis was the documented medical assessments of candidates’ physical fitness, obtained proceeding from the results of their performance of normative physical exercises at the face-to-face selection stage at the FSBO “Gagarin R&T CTC”.

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and their combinations in the complex therapy of cerebrovascular pathology and the sequelae of closed craniocerebral trauma (cCCT) using clinical, instrumented, and laboratory follow-up investigations. Materials and methods. A total of 90 patients with cerebrovascular pathology (chronic cerebral ischemia grade 2 (I67; 45 patients) and the sequelae of cCCT (T90; 45 patients) were studied. Groups were divided into three subgroups each of 15 patients. Complex treatment included basal and specific therapy: subgroup 1 received the drug Neuromidin, group 2 received Gliatilin, and group 3 received Neuromidin plus Gliatilin. Treatment duration was two months. All patients underwent complex clinical, neurophysiological, and laboratory investigations before treatment and at one and two months from treatment initiation: plasma cholinesterase activity was estimated, patients were tested on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Hamilton scale, and patients underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation with assessment of the central motor conduction time and evaluation of somatosensory evoked potentials with determination of the central afferent conduction time. Results. Before treatment, a strong positive correlational relationship was found between patients’ age and serum cholinesterase activity (Rs = 0.77; p = 0.0001). On the background of treatment, all study parameters showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements with the exception of the MMSE, which showed only a trend to improvement) in subgroups 1 and 3 of each group as compared with values obtained in subgroups 2 of the corresponding groups. In addition, at two months from treatment initiation, there were significant decreases in serum cholinesterase activity in patients of subgroups 1 and 2. Conclusions. Assessment of deviations in the “cholinergic profile” (blood cholinesterase activity) in patients with cerebral pathology and the strategy of using cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and their combination to correct psychoneurological disorders is among the most important directions in optimizing the combined treatment of patients of this category.

Females of the hymenopteran parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor show two types of photoperiodic response: development under short day conditions results in an increase of the adult size (quantitative response) and in the induction of reproductive diapause (qualitative response). In a study conducted with individuals from a laboratory population, the progeny of each female was divided into two groups, which developed under the short (10 h) and long (18 h) day conditions. Females significantly differed both in the mean body size of the progeny and in the proportion of diapausing individuals. The qualitative and quantitative responses interact: short day caused an increase in size only in diapausing individuals. In addition, family analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the proportion of diapausing individuals (a manifestation of the qualitative response) and the mean size of the progeny (a manifestation of the quantitative response). The results of the study support the hypothesis on the unity of the mechanism of the qualitative and quantitative photoperiodic responses.

Theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that that in the liver mitochondria an increase in the rate of free respiration in state 3 induced by protonophore uncouplers 2,4-dinitrophenol and сarbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone is equal to or slightly greater than the increase in respiration rate in state 4 induced by these uncouplers. In contrast to these protonophore uncouplers, the decoupler α,ω-tetradecanedioic acid, increasing the rate of respiration in state 4, does not significantly affect the rate of free respiration in state 3. We have proposed quantitative indicators that allow determining the constituent part of the rate of respiration in state 4, associated with the decoupling effect of the uncoupler. Using the example of palmitic acid, we have found out the fundamental possibility of the simultaneous functioning of uncouplers by two mechanisms: as protonophores and as decouplers. The data obtained contradict the delocalized version of Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory, but are in complete agreement with its local version. It can be assumed that the F0F1-ATP synthase and nearby respiratory chain complexes form a local zone of coupled respiration and oxidative ATP synthesis (zones of oxidative phosphorylation). The uncoupler-induced stimulation of mitochondrial free respiration of mitochondria in state 3 is mainly due to the return of protons to the matrix in local zones, where the generation of a proton motive force (Δр) by respiratory chain complexes is associated with various transport processes, but not with ATP synthesis (zones of protonophore uncoupling). In contrast, respiratory stimulation in state 4 by decouplers is realized in local zones of oxidative phosphorylation by switching the respiratory chain complexes to the idle mode of operation in the absence of ATP synthesis.

Objective. To evaluate effect of «Haemoblock»TM preparation on in vitro bacterial colonization. Materials and Methods. Activity of «Haemoblock»ТМ product on the growth and colonization of S. aureus АТСС 25923, S. epidermidis ATCC 28922, E. coli АТСС 25922, P. aeruginosa АТСС 27853 cells in the suspension and on the surface of monofilament macroporous polyester mesh was evaluated. Results. This product at concentration of 0.062% and above inhibited bacterial growth and reduced biofilm mass and bacterial cell viability. In addition, the short-term exposure of the mesh implant to the tested product resulted in inhibition of the abiotic surface contamination. Conclusions. «Haemoblock»TM product allows not only to ensure hemostasis in open and laparoscopic surgery, but also to reduce the bacterial cell count in the surrounding tissues in the intra- and post-operative periods.

Treatment for pain syndromes is one of the most relevant areas of modern medicine, which is of high social, economic and, individual importance. One of the most difficult questions is therapy for chronic pain (CP). This therapy should be based on a thorough analysis of the causes of pain. It is necessary to use combinations of drugs that potentiate the analgesic effects of each other and have a low risk of complications. The concept of adjuvant analgesics as one of the promising areas of treatment for chronic kidney disease is discussed.

The effects of palmitic acid (PA) and the products of its ω-oxidation–ω-hydroxypalmitic acid (HPA) and α,ω-hexadecanedioic acid (HDA)—on respiration in the absence of ATP synthesis and on the H2O2 generation were studied on isolated liver mitochondria energized by oxidation of succinate. It was shown that HPA stimulates respiration and reduces the difference in electrical potentials (Δψ) in mitochondria to the same extent as is typical for PA and classical protonophore uncouplers. Under similar conditions, the stimulation of mitochondrial respiration by HDA is not accompanied by a decrease in Δψ and is suppressed by 10 μM cyclosporin A. In this regard, HDA is considered as a “decoupling” agent that switches the complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to the idle mode. It was established that in the presence of 20 mM potassium chloride in the sucrose incubation medium, stimulation of respiration by HPA (in contrast to PA and HDA) is suppressed by 60% in the case of pre-incubation with 3 mM magnesium chloride. We found that under these conditions, HPA at a concentration of 25 μM and above induces mitochondrial swelling, which is completely suppressed by magnesium chloride. HPA as an inducer of mitochondrial swelling is less efficient in the absence of potassium chloride than in its presence. We assume that, in contrast to PA and HDA, HPA produces its activating influence on free respiration in mitochondria owing to a combination of its ionophore and protonophore effects. It was established that PA, HDA, and HPA in concentrations equally stimulating respiration of mitochondria in state 2 are equally efficient in inhibiting the H2O2 generation. We conclude that the effects of these fatty acids as inhibitors of H2O2 generation in isolated liver mitochondria are due to stimulation of respiration in various ways and are not associated with a decrease in Δψ.