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This paper is an in-depth investigation of 61 publicly-traded firms that chose to liquidate voluntarily on a piecemeal basis during the 1970s and 1980s. In comparison with their industry peers, these firms have lower Tobin's Q , a higher percentage of equity ownership by management and the board, a higher incidence of a member of the corporation's founding family in a key executive position or on the board, and a higher incidence of asset sales and prior attempts to transfer control of the firm. The average excess stock return of 20% around liquidation announcements is positively correlated with the fraction of stock owned by management and the board. These results suggest that firms that make the value enhancing decision to voluntarily liquidate confront low future growth opportunities, but the absence of future growth opportunities is not sufficient to bring about this decision. It is also necessary that decision makers have a vested interest in the outcome, either because of their ownership stake or because of their family affiliation with the business, and that the valuation consequences of the decision are greater, the more closely aligned are managerial and shareholder interests.

We searched for the appearance of pi+pi- pairs with invariant mass greater than 648 MeV in a neutral beam. Such an observation could signify the decay of a long-lived light neutral particle. We find no evidence for this decay. Our null result severely constrains the existence of an R0 hadron, which is the lightest bound state of a gluon and a light gluino, and thereby also the possibility of a light gluino. Depending on the photino mass, we exclude the R0 in the mass and lifetime ranges of 1.2 -- 4.6 GeV and 2E-10 -- 7E-4 seconds, respectively. (To Appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.), Documentstyle aps,epsfig,prl (revtex), 6 pages, 7 figures

While the pathophysiology of intestinal adaptation following small bowel resection (SBR) is not well understood, there is evidence to suggest an important role for epidermal growth factor (EGF) in this process. In waved-2 mice, a naturally occurring mutation results in reduced EGF receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity. We tested the hypothesis that an intact EGF receptor is essential for adaptation by subjecting this strain of mice to SBR. A 50% proximal SBR or sham operation (bowel transection with reanastomosis only) was performed in waved-2, heterozygous, and wildtype mice. After 3 days, adaptation was characterized in the remnant ileum as changes in DNA and protein content per unit length. Villus height and crypt depth were measured, and crypt cell proliferation rates were determined by the percentage of crypt cells taking up 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Following sham surgery, all mice regained their preoperative weight by the third postoperative day. After SBR, all mice gained weight while the waved-2 mice did not. Ileal DNA and protein significantly increased after SBR in wild-type and heterozygous mice while these parameters were unchanged in the waved-2 mice. Villus height and crypt cell proliferation increased in response to SBR in all groups; however, the changes were less pronounced in the waved-2 mice. Adaptation after SBR is impaired in waved-2 mice. Signal transduction by the EGF receptor is a critical component of this response. These data endorse a crucial role for EGF and its receptor in the pathogenesis of intestinal adaptation.

We present the x{sub F} and p{sub T} differential cross sections of J/{psi} and {psi}{sup {prime}}, respectively, in the ranges {minus}0.05{lt}x{sub F}{lt}0.25 and p{sub T}{lt}3.5 GeV/c. The data samples are constituted by about 12000 J/{psi} and 200 {psi}{sup {prime}} produced in proton-silicon interactions at 800 GeV/c and decaying into opposite sign muons. The x{sub F} and p{sub T} distributions are compared with recent results from experiments E789 at the same energy and to leading order QCD predictions using the MRS D0 parametrization for the parton structure function. The measured shapes of the differential cross sections, except for the d{sigma}/dx{sub F} at small x{sub F}, agree very well with the prediction, even though their value is quite a bit larger than the prediction. We also present the cos{theta} differential cross section of the J/{psi} which indicates unpolarized production in contrast with color octet models predictions. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Silicon materials remain unused for supercapacitors due to extreme reactivity of silicon with electrolytes. However, doped silicon materials boast a low mass density, excellent conductivity, a controllably etched nanoporous structure and combined earth abundance and technological presence appealing to diverse energy storage frameworks. Here, we demonstrate a universal route to transform porous silicon (P-Si) into stable electrodes for electrochemical devices through growth of an ultra-thin, conformal graphene coating on the P-Si surface. This graphene coating simultaneously passivates surface charge traps and provides an ideal electrode-electrolyte electrochemical interface. This leads to 10–40X improvement in energy density and a 2X wider electrochemical window compared to identically-structured unpassivated P-Si. This work demonstrates a technique generalizable to mesoporous and nanoporous materials that decouples the engineering of electrode structure and electrochemical surface stability to engineer performance in electrochemical environments. Specifically, we demonstrate P-Si as a promising new platform for grid-scale and integrated electrochemical energy storage.

A molecular docking analysis has been carried out to examine potential Leishmania protein targets of antiprotozoal plant-derived polyphenolic compounds. A total of 352 phenolic phytochemicals, including 10 aurones, six cannabinoids, 34 chalcones, 20 chromenes, 52 coumarins, 92 flavonoids, 41 isoflavonoids, 52 lignans, 25 quinones, eight stilbenoids, nine xanthones, and three miscellaneous phenolic compounds, were used in the virtual screening study using 24 Leishmania enzymes (52 different protein structures from the Protein Data Bank). Noteworthy protein targets were Leishmania dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, N-myristoyl transferase, phosphodiesterase B1, pteridine reductase, methionyl-tRNA synthetase, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, uridine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase, nicotinamidase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Based on in-silico analysis of antiparasitic polyphenolics in this study, two aurones, one chalcone, five coumarins, six flavonoids, one isoflavonoid, three lignans, and one stilbenoid, can be considered to be promising drug leads worthy of further investigation.

Previous studies have shown that high-fat diet (HFD) enhances adaptation if provided immediately following small bowel resection (SBR). The purpose of this study was to determine if HFD could further enhance villus growth after resection-induced adaptation had already taken place. C57/Bl6 mice underwent a 50 % proximal SBR or sham operation and were then provided a standard rodent liquid diet (LD) ad lib. After a typical period of adaptation (7 days), SBR and sham-operated mice were randomized to receive either LD or HFD (42 % kcal fat) for an additional 7 days. Mice were then harvested, and small intestine was collected for analysis. Adaptation occurred in both SBR groups; however, the SBR/HFD had significantly increased villus height compared to SBR/LD. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction of villus enterocytes showed a marked increase in CD36 expression in the SBR/HFD group compared with SBR/LD mice. While exposure to increased enteral fat alone did not affect villus morphology in sham-operated mice, HFD significantly increased villus growth in the setting of resection-induced adaptation, supporting the clinical utility of enteral fat in augmenting adaptation. Increased expression of CD36 suggests a possible mechanistic role in dietary fat metabolism and villus growth in the setting of short gut syndrome.

We have searched for the flavor changing neutral current decay Do + p-l+p”in the dimuon data obtained by the E771 experiment conducted at Fermilab. No evidence is found. A branching ratio of (-1.0 ‘A:,’ f 0.2) x 10v6 is obtained, corresponding to a 90% confidence level upper limit of 3.3 x 10m6. This new upper limit is about three times more sensitive than the best published limit. (Submitted to Physical Review Letters)

An experiment performed at Fermilab used double-arm calorimeter triggers to study di-jet production by 400 GeV protons and 200 GeVπ− mesons incident on liquid hydrogen. The observed ratio of positive to negative leading particles in the jets was compared forpp andπp production using a tree level parton scattering model. The results are moderately sensitive to the form of the pion gluon distribution function and yieldx g(x)⋍(1−x)2.75±0.40±0.75.

We report on the analysis of Charmonium and Bottomium states produced in p-Si interactions at s =38.7 GeV . The data have been collected with the open geometry spectrometer of the E771 Experiment at the FNAL High Intensity Lab. J ψ , ψ′ and γ total cross sections as well as the ratio B(ψ′ → μμ)σ(ψ′) (B( J ψ → μμ)σ( J ψ )) have been measured. Results are compared with theoretical predictions and with results at other energies.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a tool used to provide a measure of body water content and total body fat in an organism. Recently, researchers have validated BIA against tritiated water techniques in the laboratory and proposed it as a fast, non-invasive method for assessing body condition in free-ranging black bears. In the present study, we field tested BIA as a plausible tool for investigating body fat utilization during hibernation by three black bear populations in the Rocky Mountains. Body fat content in the fall ranged from a mean of about 39% for a group of large, lactating females down to about 29% by two groups of bears consisting of males and mostly non-lactating females. Daily rates of body fat use were greater for the larger, lactating female group than either of the other two groups. Although the fat data determined by BIA appear useful in terms of trends and relative changes, many of the absolute values are inconsistent and perhaps inaccurate. Because BIA is so sensitive to a variety of factors typical of field conditions, we recommend it not be used as the sole source for assessing body condition of large animals such as black bears.

Fermilab experiment E735 located at the CO intersection region of the\(\sqrt s = 1.8\) TeV\(p\bar p\) collider analysed over 900 Φ→K+K− events. Measured were the transverse momentum spectrum, the correlation between the average transverse momentum and the charged particle multiphcityNc, as well as the probability of Φ production per charged track,NΦ/Nc, versusNc. We have also made an estinate of the total inclusive cross section for Φ mesons,\(\sigma (p\bar p \to \phi X) = 7.3 \pm 2.2 mb\).

Purpose Intestinal adaptation after massive small bowel resection (SBR) permits improved absorption of enteral nutrition despite significant loss of bowel length. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) have previously been established to play major roles in the pathogenesis of adaptation. This study tested the hypothesis that EGFR signaling within the epithelial cell compartment (enterocytes) is required for intestinal adaptation. Methods We developed a tamoxifen-inducible Villin-Cre/LoxP recombinant system for enterocyte-directed EGFR deletion using EGFR-floxed mice. Epidermal growth factor receptor–null mice and wild-type littermates underwent either 50% proximal SBR or sham operation. Ileal tissue was harvested on postoperative day 7. To assess for adaptation, villus height and crypt depth as well as rates of crypt cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured. Results Adaptation after SBR occurred normally, as demonstrated by significant increases in villus height, crypt depth, and crypt proliferative and apoptotic index in both the wild-type and EGFR-null mice. Conclusion Enterocyte EGFR expression is not required for the adaptation response to massive SBR. This novel finding suggests that enterocyte proliferation during adaptation is regulated by EGFR signaling in cells other than enterocytes, perhaps within the mesenchymal cell compartment of the bowel wall via factor(s) that are presently unknown.

Intestinal adaptation is an important compensatory response to massive small bowel resection (SBR) and occurs because of a proliferative stimulus to crypt enterocytes by poorly understood mechanisms. Recent studies suggest the enteric nervous system (ENS) influences enterocyte proliferation. We, therefore, sought to determine whether ENS dysfunction alters resection-induced adaptation responses. Ret+/− mice with abnormal ENS function and wild-type (WT) littermates underwent sham surgery or 50% SBR. After 7 days, ileal morphology, enterocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and selected signaling proteins were characterized. Crypt depth and villus height were equivalent at baseline in WT and Ret+/− mice. In contrast after SBR, Ret+/− mice had longer villi (Ret+/− 426.7 ± 46.0 μm vs. WT 306.5 ± 7.7 μm, P < 0.001) and deeper crypts (Ret+/− 119 ± 3.4 μm vs. WT 82.4 ± 3.1 μm, P < 0.001) than WT. Crypt enterocyte proliferation was higher in Ret+/− (48.8 ± 1.3%) than WT (39.9 ± 2.1%; P < 0.001) after resection, but apoptosis rates were similar. Remnant bowel of Ret+/− mice also had higher levels of glucagon-like peptide 2 (6.2-fold, P = 0.005) and amphiregulin (4.6-fold, P < 0.001) mRNA after SBR, but serum glucagon-like peptide 2 protein levels were equal in WT and Ret+/− mice, and there was no evidence of increased c-Fos nuclear localization in submucosal neurons. Western blot confirmed higher crypt epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein levels (1.44-fold; P < 0.001) and more phosphorylated EGFR (2-fold; P = 0.003) in Ret+/− than WT mice after SBR. These data suggest that Ret heterozygosity enhances intestinal adaptation after massive SBR, likely via enhanced EGFR signaling. Reducing Ret activity or altering ENS function may provide a novel strategy to enhance adaptation attenuating morbidity in patients with short bowel syndrome.

Increased apoptosis in crypt enterocytes is a key feature of intestinal adaptation following massive small bowel resection (SBR). Expression of the proapoptotic factor Bax has been shown to be required for resection-induced apoptosis. It has also been demonstrated that p38-α MAPK (p38) is necessary for Bax activation and apoptosis in vitro. The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that p38 is a key regulator of Bax activation during adaptation after SBR in vivo. Enterocyte expression of p38 was deleted by tamoxifen administration to activate villin-Cre in adult mice with a floxed Mapk14 (p38-α) gene. Proximal 50% SBR or sham operations were performed on wild-type (WT) and p38 intestinal knockout (p38-IKO) mice under isoflurane anesthesia. Mice were killed 3 or 7 days after operation, and adaptation was analyzed by measuring intestinal morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis. Bax activity was quantified by immunoprecipitation, followed by Western blotting. After SBR, p38-IKO mice had deeper crypts, longer villi, and accelerated proliferation compared with WT controls. Rates of crypt apoptosis were significantly lower in p38-IKO mice, both at baseline and after SBR. Levels of activated Bax were twofold higher in WT mice after SBR relative to sham. In contrast, activated Bax levels were reduced by 67% in mice after p38 MAPK deletion. Deleted p38 expression within the intestinal epithelium leads to enhanced adaptation and reduced levels of enterocyte apoptosis after massive intestinal resection. p38-regulated Bax activation appears to be an important mechanism underlying resection-induced apoptosis.

Background p38-Alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) is a tumor suppressor often mutated in human cancers, but its specific role in colorectal cancer is not completely understood. Previous studies have found that p38-MAPK activity inhibits epithelial proliferation and promotes apoptosis in the intestine. Therefore, we sought to test the hypothesis that intestinal disruption of p38-MAPK would lead to increased tumorigenesis in the colon. Methods p38-MAPK was deleted in mice within the intestinal epithelium using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre system under control of the villin promoter [ villin-Cre ERT2(+), MAPK14(f/f) ]. An azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate protocol was used to drive intestinal tumor development. Tumor measurements were made using computer software from photographs of excised colon specimens. Results The number of mice that developed tumors was not statistically different when comparing wild-type mice (7/14) to inducible, intestine epithelial-deleted p38-MAPK (9/11) mice after azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate treatment ( P = .21). However, the epithelial-deleted p38-MAPK mice developed significantly more tumors (3.7 vs 1.1; P = .008) and nearly 4 times the total tumor burden as wild-type mice (17.4 vs 4.8 mm 2 ; P = .03). Wild-type and epithelial-deleted p38-MAPK groups demonstrated a similar degree of colon inflammation. Conclusion Deletion of p38-MAPK within the colonic mucosa leads to a hyperplastic state promoting greater tumor development. Because the severity of colitis was not augmented in mice with p38-MAPK deficiency, tumor development is likely mediated by impaired cell cycle regulation within the colonic epithelium. Manipulation of p38-MAPK activity may provide a novel treatment and/or prevention strategy in the management of colorectal cancer, particularly in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease.

Pervanadate has been shown to rapidly increase the level of tyrosine phosphorylation in intact cells. Because one of the most rapidly detectable events following treatment of human T cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2) is tyrosine kinase activation, we were interested to determine whether pervanadate could act to induce IL-2-associated events. We show here that pervanadate does act to induce IL-2 signal transduction pathways as determined by induction of mitogenesis and interferon gamma production in normal human T cells and the factor independent T cell line YT. Analysis of signal transduction events shows that pervanadate induces the activity of the src family of tyrosine kinases lck and fyn and the tyrosine phosphorylation of a major IL-2 responsive protein of 97 kDa. Pervanadate does not, however, induce the activity of tyrosine kinases associated with the IL-2 receptor or the phosphorylation of a major IL-2 responsive protein of 116 kDa (Jak-3). Together these data suggest that src family kinase activation is a down stream event following IL-2 stimulation and is not directly associated with the activation of the IL-2 receptor-associated tyrosine kinase. The data also imply that tyrosine phosphorylation of p116/Jak-3 is strictly associated with activation of tyrosine kinases associated with the IL-2 receptor. With the use of pervanadate as a tool, we have established a dissociation of src family kinases with IL-2 receptor activation and imply the involvement of two distinct tyrosine kinase pathways, a receptor-associated pathway closely coupled with Jak-3 phosphorylation and a downstream pathway involving src family kinase activation.

Plans and first results from Fermilab Experiment 853 are presented. E853 is an experiment to test the feasibility and efficiency of extracting a low-intensity beam from the halo of the Tevatron using channeling in a bent silicon crystal. The motivation of the experiment is to apply crystal extraction to trans-TeV accelerators like the LHC. Channeling developments related to crystal extraction and some early results from accelerator studies at the Tevatron are presented.

The KTeV E799 experiment has conducted a search for the rare decays, ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{X}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, where the ${X}^{0}$ is a possible new neutral boson that was reported by the HyperCP experiment with a mass of $(214.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$. We find no evidence for either decay. We obtain upper limits of $\mathrm{Br}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{X}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})l1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ and $\mathrm{Br}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})l9.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ at the 90% confidence level. This result rules out the pseudoscalar ${X}^{0}$ as an explanation of the HyperCP result under the scenario that the $\overline{d}s{X}^{0}$ coupling is completely real.

The authors present precision measurements of the direct CP violation parameter, Re({epsilon}{prime}/{epsilon}), the kaon parameters, {Delta}m and {tau}{sub S}, and the CPT tests, {phi}{sub {+-}} and {Delta}{phi}, in neutral kaon decays. These results are based on the full dataset collected by the KTeV experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory during 1996, 1997, and 1999. This dataset contains {approx} 15 million K {yields} {pi}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0} decays and {approx} 69 million K {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decays. They describe significant improvements to the precision of these measurements relative to previous KTeV analyses. They find Re({epsilon}{prime}/{epsilon}) = [19.2 {+-} 1.1(stat) {+-} 1.8(syst)] x 10{sup -4}, {Delta}m = (5265 {+-} 10) x 10{sup 6} hs{sup -1}, and {tau}{sub S} = (89.62 {+-} 0.05) x 10{sup -12} s. They measure {phi}{sub {+-}} = (44.09 {+-} 1.00){sup o} and {Delta}{phi} = (0.29 {+-} 0.31){sup o}; these results are consistent with CPT symmetry.

Persons (1994) presents a model in which firms choose between the Dutch auction and fixed price repurchase methods. We examine the empirical implications of the model and document a number of findings that are consistent with the model. For instance, takeover activity prior to repurchase announcements is significantly higher for firms announcing Dutch auctions. However, takeover activity significantly declines after Dutch auctions but is not significantly different after fixed price offers. Moreover, using a logistic regression analysis, we find that Dutch auctions are more likely to be adopted by large firms with low Tobin’s q ratios, low inside ownership, and that were subject to prior takeover pressure. When we split the sample between repurchases with and without prior takeover activity, we find that repurchases without prior takeover activity result in a permanent increase in value while those with prior takeover activity result in only a temporary increase in value. We also find that the higher incidence of takeover battles following defensive fixed price repurchases results in lower post-repurchase returns relative to defensive Dutch auctions. These findings indicate that if the repurchase is used as a takeover deterrent, Dutch auctions are the more effective repurchase method.

We report a measurement of the inclusive production of low-energy photons from [ital p[bar p]] collisions at [radical][ital s] =1.8 TeV. A NaI calorimeter located near [eta]=0 was used to measure the photon transverse momentum spectrum over the range 30[le][ital p][sub [ital t]][le]5000 MeV/[ital c]. The data are compared to the photon production expected from known particle decays in an attempt to isolate a low-energy direct photon signal. We find no evidence for excess photons above those expected from hadron decays and place an upper limit of 16% (90% C.L.) on any excess direct photons in the [ital p][sub [ital t]] range from 30 to 100 MeV/[ital c].

Experiment E735 collected data for [similar to]10[sup 7] interactions at the C0 intersection of the Fermilab [ital p[bar p]] collider with [radical][ital s] =1.8 TeV. The Bose-Einstein correlations between pairs of identical pions were measured in a limited aperture spectrometer and used to estimate the size and lifetime of the source. The aperture shape limited the sensitivity primarily to the source dimension [ital R] along the incident [ital p[bar p]] direction. Both this dimension and the lifetime appear to depend strongly on pion multiplicity. Efforts were also made to obtain some information on the transverse source size, energy density, and the dependence of source size and strength on dipion momentum. Fits to the entire data sample yielded a value [ital R]=1.06[plus minus]0.07 fm for the average source dimension and a value [tau]=0.74[plus minus]0.06 fm for the average source lifetime with [l angle][ital dN][sub [ital c]]/[ital d][eta][r angle]=14.4.

The yields and average transverse momenta of pions, kaons, and antiprotons produced at the Fermilab [ital [bar p]p] collider at [radical][ital s] =300, 540, 1000, and 1800 GeV are presented and compared with data from the energies reached at the CERN collider. We also present data on the dependence of average transverse momentum [l angle][ital p][sub [ital t]][r angle] and particle ratios as a function of charged particle density [ital dN][sub [ital c]]/[ital d][eta]; data for particle densities as high as six times the average value, corresponding to a Bjorken energy density 6 GeV/fm[sup 3], are reported. These data are relevant to the search for quark-gluon phase of QCD.

The energy dependence of the neutrino-iron and antineutrino-iron inclusive charged-current cross sections and their ratio have been measured using a high-statistics sample with the MINOS Near Detector exposed to the NuMI beam from the Main Injector at Fermilab. Neutrino and antineutrino fluxes were determined using a low hadronic energy subsample of charged-current events. We report measurements of neutrino-Fe (antineutrinoFe) cross section in the energy range 3-50 GeV (5-50 GeV) with precision of 2-8% (3-9%) and their ratio which is measured with precision 2-8%. The data set spans the region from low energy, where accurate measurements are sparse, up to the high-energy scaling region where the cross section is well understood., accepted by PRD

Using the published KTeV samples of K{sub L} {yields} {pi}{sup {+-}}e{sup {-+}}{nu} and K{sub L} {yields} {pi}{sup {+-}}{mu}{sup {-+}}{nu} decays, we perform a reanalysis of the scalar and vector form factors based on the dispersive parameterization. We obtain phase space integrals I{sub K}{sup e} = 0.15446 {+-} 0.00025 and I{sub K}{sup {mu}} = 0.10219 {+-} 0.00025. For the scalar form factor parameterization, the only free parameter is the normalized form factor value at the Callan-Treiman point (C); our best fit results in ln C = 0.1915 {+-} 0.0122. We also study the sensitivity of C to different parametrizations of the vector form factor. The results for the phase space integrals and C are then used to make tests of the Standard Model. Finally, we compare our results with lattice QCD calculations of F{sub K}/F{sub {pi}} and f{sub +}(0).

Kegiatan pertambangan batubara umumnya dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan di lokasi penambangan. Salah satu dampak negatif yang signifikan adalah terjadinya pencemaran air asam tambang yang dapat merusak fungsi lingkungan seperti komponen air dan tanah. Umumnya lokasi tambang batubara yang berpotensi besar sebagai sumber terbentuknya air asam tambang adalah kolam penampungan air tambang (water pond) dan tempat penimbunan material buangan sulfida (waste dump). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengendalikan rembesan air asam tambang yang berasal dari kolam penampungan air (water pond) dan mengurangi terbentuknya air asam tambang pada tempat penimbunan material buangan sulfida (waste dunp). Sistem pengendalian pencemaran air asam tambang meliputi pengolahan air asam tambang (water pond) dan pengelolaan material sulfida (waste dump). Metode pengolahan air asam tambang adalah menetralisasi air asam dengan reagen alkali. Reagen alkali yang paling efektif dan ekonomis adalah batugamping (kalsium karbonat). Jumlah batugamping yang dibutuhkan untuk menetralkan air asam lambang pada water pond (5040 m3) sebesar 104,56 kg. Pengelolaan material buangan sulfida (waste dump) adalah menerapkan model encapsulation in-pit disposal. Hal ini sangat efektif untuk mencegah terbentuknya air asam tambang. Material perlapisan yang digunakan adalah lempung (clay), karena mempunyai nilai permeabilitas yang sangat kecil yaitu sebesar 2,3148 x 10-9 m/det dan ketersediaannya mencukupi. ABSTRACTCoal mining activity generally can generate negative impact to environment on mining location. One of the negative impact is contamination of acid mine drainage which able to destroy environment and ecosystem as water and soil. High potency source of acid mine drainage formed on coal mining location are water pond and waste dump. This aim of the research are control of acid mine drainage from water pond and prevention of acid mine drainage formed on the waste dump. The control system of acid mine drainage contamination included treatment of acid mine drainage into water pond and management of oxide/benign waste on the waste dump. Treatment method is neutralization of acid mine drainage into water pond using alkali reagent. The most effective and economic alkali reagent is limestone. Amount of limestone needed to neutralize of acid mine drainage (5040 m3) into water pond is 104.56 kg. The management of oxide/benign waste is application of encapsulation in-pit disposal model. This model is more effective to prevent acid mine drainage formed. Cover materials are often clay subsoils and have been used for covering to prevent oxidation. The clay have high compaction rates and low permeability (2.3148 x 10-9 m/s) and this material is sufficient availability.

A search for depletion of the combined flux of active neutrino species over a 735 km baseline is reported using neutral-current interaction data recorded by the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam. Such a depletion is not expected according to conventional interpretations of neutrino oscillation data involving the three known neutrino flavors. A depletion would be a signature of oscillations or decay to postulated non-interacting "sterile" neutrinos, scenarios not ruled out by existing data. From an exposure of 3.18x10^{20} protons on target in which neutrinos of energies between ~500 MeV and 120 GeV are produced predominantly as nu_mu, the visible energy spectrum of candidate neutral-current reactions in the MINOS far detector is reconstructed. Comparison of this spectrum to that inferred from a similarly selected near detector sample shows that of the portion of the nu_mu flux observed to disappear in charged-current interaction data, the fraction that could be converting to a sterile state is less than 52% at 90% confidence level (C.L.). The hypothesis that active neutrinos mix with a single sterile neutrino via oscillations is tested by fitting the data to various models. In the particular four-neutrino models considered, the mixing angles theta_{24} and theta_{34} are constrained to be less than 11 degrees and 56 degrees at 90% C.L., respectively. The possibility that active neutrinos may decay to sterile neutrinos is also investigated. Pure neutrino decay without oscillations is ruled out at 5.4 standard deviations. For the scenario in which active neutrinos decay into sterile states concurrently with neutrino oscillations, a lower limit is established for the neutrino decay lifetime tau_3/m_3 > 2.1x10^{-12} s/eV at 90% C.L.., 18 pages, 17 figures. Published in Phys. Rev. D

The short-term prospects for Fermilab experiment E771 - devoted to the hadroproduction of beauty - are described as well as the major characteristics of the spectrometer. Expectations for detection and reconstruction of exclusive B decay channels are discussed.

The transverse momentum of charged mesons and p's produced within the pseudorapidity range of η = −0.36 to η = +1.0 and azimuthal range of φ = +2° to φ = +18° has been measured in pp collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV. The charged multiplicity of each event was measured by either the 240 element cylindrical hodoscope covering the range −3.25 < η < +3.25 or the central drift chamber, which spans a pseudorapidity range of 3.2 units. The average transverse momentum as a function of the pseudorapidity density for mass-identified particles is presented. We have observed pseudorapidity densities as high as 30 particles per unit pseudorapidity.

MLR recordings from a group of 11 high-functioning adult autistic subjects were compared with those from a control group of 11 normal subjects. Components selected for analysis were "Pa", the maximum positivity in the 25-40 msec latency range following stimulus onset, "P1", the maximum positivity within the 50-65 msec latency range, and "Nb," the maximum negative deflection in the 40-50 msec latency range. Statistical analyses of amplitude and latency data were conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance and t test group comparisons. The Pa component showed no significant difference between autistic and control groups. However, 2 types of abnormality were noted in the P1 component: (1) the P1 component was significantly smaller in the autistic subjects at slow rates of stimulation, and (2) the autistic P1 did not change as rates of click stimulation increased from 0.5 to 10/sec, in contrast to the normally produced P1 decrement. Data from the P1 model in the cat, and complementary data from the human, closely link the generator substrate of the P1 potential to cholinergic components of the ascending reticular activating system (RAS) and their thalamic target cells. This is the first report of abnormal P1 responses in autism and strongly suggests that the RAS and/or its post-synaptic thalamic targets may be dysfunctional in this syndrome.

The construction of a meter long low-mass mini drift chamber (MDC) having three planes is described. This MDC located the vertex along the beamline of the experiment E735 at the Tevatron p p collider. Tests and results with cosmic rays and p p data are reported. A spatial resolution of 90 μm (RMS) was achieved with cosmic rays.

The cross section for bb̅ production in 800GeV/c pN interactions has been measured in Fermilab experiment E771 to be 43-17+27(stat)-7+7(syst)nb per nucleon from the observation of events in which both the b and the b̅ decay semimuonically or a B decays into a J/ψ followed by J/ψ→μ+μ-.

This letter reports on a search for $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ transitions by the MINOS experiment based on a \unit[$3.14\times10^{20}$]{protons-on-target} exposure in the Fermilab NuMI beam. We observe 35 events in the Far Detector with a background of $27\pm 5 {\rm (stat.)} \pm 2 {\rm (syst.)$ events predicted by the measurements in the Near Detector. If interpreted in terms of $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ oscillations, this 1.5 $\sigma$ excess of events is consistent with $\sin^{2}(2\theta_{13})$ comparable to the CHOOZ limit when $|\delmsq{}|$=\unit[2.43$\times 10^{-3}$] {${\rm eV^{2}}$} and \sinsq{23}=1.0 are assumed., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Purpose Adaptive growth of the intestinal mucosa in response to massive gut loss is fundamental for autonomy from parenteral nutrition. Although angiogenesis is essential for cellular proliferation in other tissues, its relevance to intestinal adaptation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that resection-induced adaptation is associated with new blood vessel growth. Methods Male C57Bl/6 mice underwent either a 50% small bowel resection or a sham (transection and reanastomosis) operation. After 1, 3, or 7 days, capillary density within the intestinal villi was measured using confocal microscopy. A messenger RNA reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array was used to determine angiogenic gene expression during adaptation. Results Mice that underwent small bowel resection had a significantly increased capillary density compared to sham-operated mice at postoperative day 7. This morphological alteration was preceded by significant alterations in 5 candidate genes at postoperative day 3. Conclusion New vessel blood growth is observed in the adapting intestine after massive small bowel loss. This response appears to follow rather than initiate the adaptive alterations in mucosal morphology that are characteristic of adaptation. A better understanding of this progress and the signaling factors involved may improve therapeutic options for children with short gut syndrome.

Electric control of multiferroic domains is demonstrated through polarized magnetic neutron diffraction. Cooling to the cycloidal multiferroic phase of Ni3V2O8 in an electric field E causes the incommensurate Bragg reflections to become neutron spin polarizing, the sense of neutron polarization reversing with E. Quantitative analysis indicates the E-treated sample has a handedness that can be reversed by E. We further show a close association between cycloidal and ferroelectric domains through E-driven spin and electric polarization hysteresis. We suggest that a definite cycloidal handedness is achieved through magnetoelastically induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions.