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154. Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia

Author

Rangin, Claude, Dahrin, Daharta, Quebral, Ray, Bader, Anne-Gaëlle, Cadet, Jean Paul, Caglarcan, Glen, Deffontaines, Benoit, Deplus, Christine, Corpus, Ernesto G., Hall, Robert, Hello, Yann, Malod, Jacques, Lallemand, Serge, Layugan, Domingo B., Louat, Rémy, Morales, Reynaldo, Pankow, Keith, Pubellier, Manuel, Popoff, Michel, Rodelas, Reynaldo T., Yudho, Tramanadi, Hall, R. (ed.), Blundell, D. (ed.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Mines and Geosciences Bureau, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Institut Français du Pétrole, Laboratoire de Géologie Structurale, Département de Géotectonique, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géophysique, Tectonique et Sédimentologie, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Géosciences Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Robert Hall, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, TECTONIQUE DE PLAQUES, SUBDUCTION, GEODYNAMIQUE, GEOLOGIE STRUCTURALE
Abstract

Geological Society of London, special publications; International audience; A swath mapping, gravity and single channel seismic survey was carried out in the northern Molucca Sea with R.V. L'Atalante. Preliminary interpretation of these data reveals the presence of an almost complete Sangihe arc and forearc. The Miangas-Pujada-Talaud ridge in the central part of the Molucca Sea appears to be a backstop within the Sangihe forearc. East of the ridge very contrasting terranes are separated by a major NW-SE crustal discontinuity interpreted as a left-lateral strike-slip fault. North of 6°N the Philippine Trench inner wall is dissected by NW-SE trending left-lateral strike-slip faults, resulting from the dominantly oblique convergence between colliding arcs. South of 6°N the westward subduction of the buoyant Snellius volcanic plateau, a fragment of the Halmahera arc terrane, has induced the formation of a new plate boundary, the Philippine Trench along what is interpreted as a former strike-slip fault zone. East of the Miangas-Pujada-Talaud ridge there is a wide sedimentary wedge separated from the Snellius Ridge to the south by the major NW-SE crustal discontinuity. The thickness of this wedge cannot be explained by subduction along the very young Philippine Trench. It could be either an accretionary wedge developed at the deformed leading edge of the Sangihe forearc or be part of a former intra-arc basin which was part of the colliding Halmahera arc terrane. There is no clear evidence for accreted oceanic crust belonging to the recently subducted Molucca Sea. The Miangas-Pujada-Talaud ridge is part of the Sangihe forearc, and the ophiolites could represent its basement, uplifted along the outer arc ridge. The dog-leg-shaped Philippine Trench is propagating southward across the fragmented Halmahera arc terrane and its southern segment could reactivate a former strike-slip fault zone.

Published
1996
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155. Aftershock sequence of the 1994, Mw 6.8, Liwa earthquake (Indonesia): seismic rupture process in a volcanic arc

Author

Jacques Déverchère, Christina Widiwijayanti, Dannie Hidayat, Hery Harjono, Rémy Louat, Michel Sébrier, Michel Diament, ORSTOM - Bondy, ORSTOM, LIPI, Puslitbang Geoteknologi, UMR Géosciences Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS-URA1369, Université de Paris-Sud, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Seismic gap, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, Focal mechanism, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Graben, Geophysics, Volcano, Seismic array, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Caldera, Seismology, Geology, Aftershock, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; We present the aftershock activity following the February 15, 1994, Mw 6.8 earthquake which was strongly felt in southern Sumatra, Indonesia, near the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF). At this place, the slip rate is supposed to be low; neverthless, three M>6 events occurred along this segment during this century. No significant instrumental microseismi-city has ever been recorded there. We use data from both the regional Indonesian network and a local seismic array operating 11 days after the mainshock during one month. Aftershocks mostly locate in a broad zone of 55x20 km 2 near two active NW-trending strike-slip segments of the GSF separated by a recent caldera, Suwoh. During the experiment, the NW segment (from Suwoh up to 15 km SE of the Ranau lake caldera, an old right-stepover pull-apart) was very active. As first suggested by the aftershock distribution and the lack of coseismic rupture at the surface, the 20 focal mechanisms determined provide evidence for various post-seismic stress adjustments on secondary faults located in the Ranau-Suwoh paleo-pull-apart graben. Less than 20% of the aftershocks are directly linked to the main rupture, a nearly pure right-lateral strike-slip faulting reaching 25 km depth. A narrow seismic gap underlines the active volcanic area of Suwoh. We conclude that the rupture process along the GSF is controlled both by volcanism and structures, and that the volcanic activity affects the mechanical properties of the crust only in a narrow zone.

Published
1996
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157. Synthesis and Evaluation of 6-Aza-2′-deoxyuridine Monophosphate Analogs as Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthases, and as Substrates or Inhibitors of Thymidine Monophosphate Kinase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author

Kögler, Martin, primary, Busson, Roger, additional, De Jonghe, Steven, additional, Rozenski, Jef, additional, Van Belle, Kristien, additional, Louat, Thierry, additional, Munier-Lehmann, Hélène, additional, and Herdewijn, Piet, additional

Published
2012
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160. Synthesis and Immunosuppressive Activity of New Mycophenolic Acid Derivatives

Author

P. Barbieri, Karina, dos R. Ercolin, Lucas, Louat, Thierry, C. Polesi, Marisa, M. Chin, Chung, C. Zeppone, Iracilda, and L. dos Santos, Jean

Abstract

Background: Immunosuppressive drugs are widely used to prevent and treat allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its derivatives are currently one of the most prescribed immunosuppressive drugs; however, metabolic drawbacks and variable interand intrapatient responses limit their use. Objective: In order to find out new safe and effective immunosuppressive compounds, we report here the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of hybrid MPA derivatives containing the thalidomide/ phthalimide subunits. Results: All compounds 3a-d exhibited an enhanced ability to reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the parental drugs MPA and thalidomide. The mixed lymphocyte reaction assay has demonstrated that compound 3d - (E)-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-1- yl)methyl-6-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4- enoate – has superior activity compared to that of MPA. In addition, compound 3d was less cytotoxic against Jurkat cells than MPA and did not demonstrate in vivo genotoxic effect. Conclusion: All these data have shown that compound 3d is a promising lead compound useful in the immunosuppressive therapy.

Published
2017

161. Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-Substituted 2′-deoxyuridine Monophosphate Analogues As Inhibitors of Flavin-Dependent Thymidylate Synthase inMycobacterium tuberculosis

Author

Kögler, Martin, primary, Vanderhoydonck, Bart, additional, De Jonghe, Steven, additional, Rozenski, Jef, additional, Van Belle, Kristien, additional, Herman, Jean, additional, Louat, Thierry, additional, Parchina, Anastasia, additional, Sibley, Carol, additional, Lescrinier, Eveline, additional, and Herdewijn, Piet, additional

Published
2011
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164. Computer Modelling of Cyclic Deformation of High-Temperature Materials

Author

N. P. Louat and M. S. Duesbery

Subjects
Cyclic deformation, Materials science, Molybdenum compounds, Nickel compounds, Structural mechanics, Metallurgy, Predictive capability, Degree of precision, Control engineering, Computer modelling, Parametric statistics
Abstract

This program aims at improving current methods of lifetime assessment by building in the characteristics of the micro-mechanisms known to be responsible for damage and failure. The broad approach entails the integration, where necessary, augmentation of the micro-scale research results currently available in the literature into a macro-scale model with predictive capability. In more detail, the program will develop a set of hierarchically structured models at different length scales, from atomic to macroscopic, at each level taking as parametric input the results of the model at the next smaller scale. In this way the known microscopic properties can be transported by systematic procedures to the unknown macro-scale region. It may not be possible to eliminate empiricism completely, because some of the quantities involved cannot yet be estimated to the required degree of precision. In this case the aim will be at least to eliminate functional empiricism.

Published
1994
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165. Discovery of 7-N-Piperazinylthiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine Analogues as a Novel Class of Immunosuppressive Agents with in Vivo Biological Activity

Author

Jang, Mi-Yeon, primary, Lin, Yuan, additional, De Jonghe, Steven, additional, Gao, Ling-Jie, additional, Vanderhoydonck, Bart, additional, Froeyen, Mathy, additional, Rozenski, Jef, additional, Herman, Jean, additional, Louat, Thierry, additional, Van Belle, Kristien, additional, Waer, Mark, additional, and Herdewijn, Piet, additional

Published
2010
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168. Modélisation géomorphologique et implications sédimentaires. Une comparaison entre le versant du bassin avant arc de Sumatra et un versant transtensif au large de la Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Regnauld, Hervé, Gouéry, Pascal, Louat, Rémi, Malod, Jacques, Chauveau, Etienne, Centre Armoricain de Recherche en Environnement (CAREN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cote d'Ivoire, Sumatra, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Pente sous marine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, modélisation
Abstract

International audience

Published
1993

169. The Mechanical Properties of Metal-Void Composites

Author

Roger Taylor, Mike Duesbery, and Norman Louat

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Toughness, Materials science, business.industry, Programming method, Metal, Vibration, Matrix (mathematics), visual_art, Volume fraction, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composite material, Aerospace, business
Abstract

Work under this contract is intended to conduct a theoretical feasibility study of the strength, toughness and vibrational damping properties of composite materials consisting of a metallic matrix with a high volume fraction (to 30%) of small (0.1 - 10 microns) pressurized voids. The premise of the approach is that a theoretical study, using both analytical and computer methods, offers a cost-effective means of assessing the probable properties of such composites and their projected utility in aerospace structures.

Published
1992
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170. Education and productivity in developing countries : an aggregate production function approach

Author

Lau, Lawrence J., Jamison, Dean T., and Louat, Frederic F.

Subjects
Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Growth,Curriculum&Instruction,Teaching and Learning
Abstract

The estimated rates of return to education are typically (often considerably) above 10 percent a year in real terms - a respectable rate of return. The rates of return are highest for primary education, and higher in countries where educated manpower is scarcer, and the durability of educational capital can be as high as 50 years. The effect of education on real output has not been well documented. The authors have pooled data on 58 developing countries, from 1960 through 1986, to estimate an aggregate production function using as independent variables the quantities of capital, labor, land, average educational attainment of the labor force, and chronological time. They measured the percentage change in a region's real GDP in response to an increase of one year in the average educational attainment of the working age population in 1985. The estimated effects range from negative to more than 5 percent a year. The results suggest : a) a positive relationship between the level of primary schooling achieved and the size of its effect; b) a threshold of four years of schooling before primary school has an effect; and c) the effect of secondary education seems to be independent of the level of secondary schooling attained, although local factors may predominate here. The authors conclude that education is an important determinant of aggregate real output and productivity but that its effect varies considerably across countries and regions.

Published
1991

171. Chronologie de l'activité volcanique historique de l'arc insulaire des Nouvelles-Hébrides de 1595 à 1991 = Chronology of the historic volcanic activity of the New Hebrides island arc from 1595 to 1991

Author

Eissen, Jean-Philippe, Blot, C., and Louat, Rémy

Subjects
VOLCAN, VOLCANOLOGIE, ARC INSULAIRE, ACTIVITE VOLCANIQUE, CHRONOLOGIE, ERUPTION
Abstract

Etude chronologique, volcan par volcan, de l'activité historique ou récente des volcans de l'arc insulaire des Nouvelles-Hébrides

Published
1991

173. 13è Réunion des Sciences de la Terre

Author

Dupont, Jacques, Monzier, Michel, Grzesczyk, Alain, Louat, Rémy, Maillet, Patrick, and Pelletier, Bernard

Subjects
TECTONIQUE DE PLAQUES, SUBDUCTION, GEODYNAMIQUE, TERRANE
Published
1990

175. Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in young breast cancer patients: A population‐based study

Author

de Sanjosé, Silvia, primary, Léoné, Mélanie, additional, Bérez, Victoria, additional, Izquierdo, Angel, additional, Font, Rebeca, additional, Brunet, Joan M., additional, Louat, Thierry, additional, Vilardell, Loreto, additional, Borras, Joan, additional, Viladiu, Pau, additional, Bosch, F. Xavier, additional, Lenoir, Gilbert M., additional, and Sinilnikova, Olga M., additional

Published
2003
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181. Computer Modelling of Cyclic Deformation of High-Temperature Materials

Author

FAIRFAX MATERIALS RESEARCH INC ALEXANDRIA VA, Duesbery, M. S., Louat, N. P., FAIRFAX MATERIALS RESEARCH INC ALEXANDRIA VA, Duesbery, M. S., and Louat, N. P.

Abstract

Current methods of lifetime assessment leave much to be desired. Typically, the expected life of a full-scale component exposed to a complex environment is based upon empirical interpretations of measurements performed on microscopic samples in controlled laboratory conditions. Extrapolation to the service component is accomplished by scaling laws which, if used at all, are empirical; little or no attention is paid to synergistic interactions between the different components of the real environment. With the increasingly hostile conditions which must be faced in modern aerospace applications, improvement in lifetime estimation is mandated by both cost and safety considerations. This program aims at improving current methods of lifetime assessment by building in the characteristics of the micro-mechanisms known to be responsible for damage and failure. The broad approach entails the integration and, where necessary, augmentation of the micro-scale research results currently available in the literature into a macro-scale model with predictive capability. In more detail, the program will develop a set of hierarachically structured models at different length scales, from atomic to macroscopic, at each level taking as parametric input the results of the model at the next smaller scale.

Published
1994

182. Superstrength Metal Composite Material and Process for Making the Same.

Author

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC, Louat, Norman P, Provenzano, Virgil, Imam, M A, Sadananda, Kuntimaddi, DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC, Louat, Norman P, Provenzano, Virgil, Imam, M A, and Sadananda, Kuntimaddi

Abstract

A metal composite material provides improved strength at all temperatures, in particular at those temperatures greater half the melting point of its matrix. The metal composite material is at least 50 volume percent hard particulate material in a matrix which is significantly more ductile than the hard particulate material. At or above 50 volume percent hard particulate material, each particle is surrounded by a thin film of the matrix material. This thin film resists deformation by converting sliding motion between particles into the rotational motion of the particles about each other. The matrix may be made by infiltrating a powder of the particulate material with a charge of the matrix material, for example, by hot isostatically pressing the matrix material into the powder or by melting a block of matrix material on top of the powder and thus infiltrating the powder by gravitational flow of the melted matrix material into the powder., Supersedes PAT-APPL-828 630.

Published
1994

183. Wheat bran extract alters colonic fermentation and microbial composition, but does not affect faecal water toxicity: a randomised controlled trial in healthy subjects.

Author

Windey, Karen, De Preter, Vicky, Huys, Geert, Broekaert, Willem F., Delcour, Jan A., Louat, Thierry, Herman, Jean, and Verbeke, Kristin

Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of biochemical markers, RECTUM tumors, COLON tumors, ACADEMIC medical centers, ANALYSIS of variance, BACTERIA, COLON (Anatomy), STATISTICAL correlation, CROSSOVER trials, FERMENTATION, PLACEBOS, POLYMERASE chain reaction, RESEARCH funding, STATISTICS, WHEAT, DATA analysis, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, BLIND experiment, REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, DATA analysis software, TUMOR risk factors, CANCER risk factors
Abstract

Wheat bran extract (WBE), containing arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides that are potential prebiotic substrates, has been shown to modify bacterial colonic fermentation in human subjects and to beneficially affect the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats. However, it is unclear whether these changes in fermentation are able to reduce the risk of developing CRC in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of WBE on the markers of CRC risk in healthy volunteers, and to correlate these effects with colonic fermentation. A total of twenty healthy subjects were enrolled in a double-blind, cross-over, randomised, controlled trial in which the subjects ingested WBE (10 g/d) or placebo (maltodextrin, 10 g/d) for 3 weeks, separated by a 3-week washout period. At the end of each study period, colonic handling of NH3 was evaluated using the biomarker lactose[15N, 15N′]ureide, colonic fermentation was characterised through a metabolomics approach, and the predominant microbial composition was analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. As markers of CRC risk, faecal water genotoxicity was determined using the comet assay and faecal water cytotoxicity using a colorimetric cell viability assay. Intake of WBE induced a shift from urinary to faecal 15N excretion, indicating a stimulation of colonic bacterial activity and/or growth. Microbial analysis revealed a selective stimulation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. In addition, WBE altered the colonic fermentation pattern and significantly reduced colonic protein fermentation compared with the run-in period. However, faecal water cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were not affected. Although intake of WBE clearly affected colonic fermentation and changed the composition of the microbiota, these changes were not associated with the changes in the markers of CRC risk. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2015
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184. Active slivering of oceanic crust along the Molucca ridge (Indonesia-Philippine): Implication for ophiolite incorporation in a subduction wedge?

Author

Gaele Bader, Anne, Pubellier, Manuel, Rangin, Claude, Deplus, Christine, and Louat, Remy

Subjects
Philippines -- Natural history, Oceanographic research -- Observations, Earth sciences
Abstract

The narrow basin of the Molucca Sea is located south of Mindanao (Philippines). Geological and gravity data was compared with bathymetry, seismic and ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data from the northern part of the ridge, to resolve the issue of the origin of the broken Molucca Sea crust versus outer ridge of the Sangihe subduction zone, or ultramafic ridge. It is concluded that the central structure of the Molucca Sea highlights several stages of oceanic crust deformation. The Molucca Sea subduction under the Sangihe arc was first perturbated after the rupture of the Molucca Sea lithosphere.

Published
1999

186. The Mechanical Properties of Metal-Void Composites

Author

FAIRFAX MATERIALS RESEARCH INC ALEXANDRIA VA, Taylor, Roger, Louat, Norman, Duesbery, Mike, FAIRFAX MATERIALS RESEARCH INC ALEXANDRIA VA, Taylor, Roger, Louat, Norman, and Duesbery, Mike

Abstract

Work under this contract is intended to conduct a theoretical feasibility study of the strength, toughness and vibrational damping properties of composite materials consisting of a metallic matrix with a high volume fraction (to 30%) of small (0.1 - 10 microns) pressurized voids. The premise of the approach is that a theoretical study, using both analytical and computer methods, offers a cost-effective means of assessing the probable properties of such composites and their projected utility in aerospace structures.

Published
1992

187. Computer Modelling of Cyclic Deformation of High-Temperature Materials

Author

FAIRFAX MATERIALS RESEARCH INC ALEXANDRIA VA, Duesbery, M. S., Louat, N. P., FAIRFAX MATERIALS RESEARCH INC ALEXANDRIA VA, Duesbery, M. S., and Louat, N. P.

Abstract

Current methods of lifetime assessment leave much to be desired. Typically, the expected life of a full-scale component exposed to a complex environment is based upon empirical interpretations of measurements performed on microscopic samples in controlled laboratory conditions. Extrapolation to the service component is accomplished by scaling laws which, if used at all, are empirical; little or no attention is paid to synergistic interactions between the different components of the real environment. With the increasingly hostile conditions which must be faced in modern aerospace applications, improvement in lifetime estimation is mandated by both cost and safety considerations. This program aims at improving current methods of lifetime assessment by building in the characteristics of the micro-mechanisms known to be responsible for damage and failure. The broad approach entails the integration and, where necessary, augmentation of the micro-scale research results currently available in the literature into a macro-scale model with predictive capability. In more detail, the program will develop a set of hierarchically structured models at different length scales, from atomic to macroscopic, at each level taking as parametric input the results of the model at the next smaller scale. In this way the known microscopic properties can be transported by systematic procedures to the unknown macro-scale region. It may not be possible to eliminate empiricism completely, because some of the quantities involved cannot yet be estimated to the required degree of precision. In this case the aim will be at least to eliminate functional empiricism.

Published
1992

188. Superstrength Metal Composite Material and Process for Making the Same.

Author

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC, Louat, N P, Provenzano, V, Imam, M A, Sadananda, K, DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC, Louat, N P, Provenzano, V, Imam, M A, and Sadananda, K

Abstract

A metal composite material provides improved strength at all temperatures, in particular at those temperatures greater half the melting point of its matrix. The metal composite material is at least 50 volume percent hard particulate material in a matrix which is significantly more ductile than the hard particulate material. At or above 50 volume percent hard particulate material, each particle is surrounded by a thin film of the matrix material. This thin film resists deformation by converting sliding motion between particles into the rotational motion of the particles about each other. Th matrix may be made by infiltrating a powder of the particulate material with a charge of the matrix material, for example, by not isostatically pressing the matrix material into the powder or by melting a block of matrix material on top of the powder and thus infiltrating the powder by gravitational flow of the melted matrix material into the powder.

Published
1992

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