Search

WOS: 000459985600530 …

WOS: 000459985600535 …

Mevcut çalışmada, Kangal çoban köpeğinin en çok koruduğu hayvan sürüleri olan koyun ve keçi sürülerinde, bu köpeklerin göstermiş olduğu fizyolojik ve davranışsal cevaplar incelendi. Köpeklerin ev-ağıl etrafında dinlenirken, koyun-keçi sürüsü ile karşılaştıklarında ve mera alanında sürü koruma sırasında tükürük kortizol seviyesi değerleri ile birlikte sergiledikleri davranışları incelenmiştir. Köpeklerin keçilerle karşılaşmasındaki maksimum kortizol seviyesi koyunlarla karşılaşmasındaki seviyeden istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (t-test: p ? 0,05). Bu durum keçilerle karşılaşmanın daha fazla strese neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Keçi ve koyun sürüsünü koruma sırasında maximum kortizol verileri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamış- tır. Keçi ve koyun sürüsü ile karşılaşma sırasında davranış verileri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Köpeklerin aktif koyun ve keçi sürüsü koruma sırasındaki davranış verileri karşılaştırıldığında ‘’hiperaktivite’’ ve ‘’düşük kuyruk’’ davranışları açısından fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (t-test: p, Behavioral and physiological responses of Kangal dogs in different livestock flocks; i.e. sheep and goat flocks, which are the most frequently guarded livestocks by those dogs, were examined in the present study. Salivary cortisol levels and the values of behavior were examined three different times from each dog, namely while they were resting around the house or the pen, when dogs confronted with the flock and when dogs guarded the flock in the pasture. The maximum cortisol levels of dogs confronted with goats significantly higher than the confronted from sheeps ( p  0.05). Accordingly, it can be suggested that confrontation with the goat flock is more stressful comparing with the sheep flock. However, no significant difference was found, when comparing maximum cortisol values during the active protection in sheep flock and goat flock. Moreover, no statistical difference was found when comparing the direct behavioral reactions of the dogs during the confrontation with the sheep and the goat flocks. Considering “hyperactivity” and “low tail position” behaviors of Kangal dogs during the active guarding of the flock, statistically significant differences were found between the sheep and goat flocks (t-test: p  0.01). Thus, one may argue that Kangal dogs feel less secure in the goat flock in comparison to the sheep flock.

Introduction: Clinical research is a key component of drug development with a significant economic value. It has been reported that the development of a new molecule requires 10 - 15 years and costs almost $1.3 billion. Around 75% of the cost is spent on the Phase I-IV clinical research process. This study aimed to show the economic value of clinical research in Turkey. Methods: Clinical trial budgets were estimated from the raw data of the Report of Istanbul Medical Faculty Clinical Research (ITFKAR). In the research, the estimated cost of drugs used in the clinical trials for the Turkish reimbursement agency (SGK) was calculated to show the cost of medicines acquired through clinical research. Results: The total budget for sponsored pharmaceutical research was $107 million in Turkey, and the government saved close to $311,096,130 during 2006-2010, due to not reimbursing the patients for the drugs in the clinical trials. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of the study, the findings are unique for Turkey. The results can lead to revisiting the importance and economic value of clinical trials in Turkey.

Oxidative stress, which plays an active role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, continues to be relevant in assessing the condition changes such as aggression. Some of Kangal dogs have been found to eat their own puppies during their first 24 hours following birth, as a case called maternal cannibalism. The present study aims to determine the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a product of lipid peroxidation, and serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, which are the parameters of antioxidant defense system, and total protein and albumin levels and to show their relationship with cannibalism. The study material consists of blood and blood serum of 30 Kangal dog breed in total, 15 of which have maternal cannibalism and 15 haven‘t observed maternal cannibalism as a control group. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde levels were investigated by means of spectrophotometric method in blood serum of these animals. The difference between the mean values of total protein, GPx, SOD, MDA and albumin was statistically significant in the results obtained. These findings conclude that oxidative stress and antioxidative metabolism plays a role in the pathogenesis of cannibalism in dogs.

In developing countries such as Turkey, problems arising from the growing population of urban free-ranging dogs affect welfare of those dogs and the surrounding community. Urban free-ranging dogs are often not considered as the first choice by adopters because a pre-existing history of indoor life, belonging to a certain breed, and friendly temperament are significant criteria for adoption. Integration ability of these dogs into a family environment is unknown as no detailed studies have been conducted. The aim of this study was to characterize the behavioral characteristics of urban free-ranging dogs in their adoptive families' environment during postadoption period. The data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 75 volunteer owners of urban free-ranging dogs. Most respondents (74.7%) reported that their dogs showed timidity or fear when they first arrived in the home. Yet most owners (69.3%) reported that behaviors of their dogs have changed in a positive way through the postadoption period. The most common behavior problems reported for the dogs were indicated as hyperattachment to the owner (58.7%) and escaping (32.0%). Most owners reported that they did not have a trouble either in house training (72.0%) or in leash training (65.3%) their dogs. Findings of this research indicate that urban free-ranging dogs are adaptable and can adapt to their adoptive families' environment.

WOS: 000359023100003, Behavioral and physiological responses of Kangal dogs in different livestock flocks; i.e. sheep and goat flocks, which are the most frequently guarded livestocks by those dogs, were examined in the present study. Salivary cortisol levels and the values of behavior were examined three different times from each dog, namely while they were resting around the house or the pen, when dogs confronted with the flock and when dogs guarded the flock in the pasture. The maximum cortisol levels of dogs confronted with goats significantly higher than the confronted from sheeps (p < 0.05). Accordingly, it can be suggested that confrontation with the goat flock is more stressful comparing with the sheep flock. However, no significant difference was found, when comparing maximum cortisol values during the active protection in sheep flock and goat flock. Moreover, no statistical difference was found when comparing the direct behavioral reactions of the dogs during the confrontation with the sheep and the goat flocks. Considering "hyperactivity" and "low tail position" behaviors of Kangal dogs during the active guarding of the flock, statistically significant differences were found between the sheep and goat flocks (t-test: p < 0.01). Thus, one may argue that Kangal dogs feel less secure in the goat flock in comparison to the sheep flock.

Objectives Muscle relaxants are used in anaesthesia to obtain adequate muscle relaxation for intubation and operations. A goal of hospital management is to improve the hospital's budget by selecting adequate neuromuscular blocking agents for short-term operations. Methods A basic investigation was conducted of the time required to reach maximal blocking (MB) with administration of atracurium and rocuronium during anaesthesia induction and recovery time (RT). Patients were divided into random groups. Group R received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg IV and group A received atracurium 0.5 mg/kg IV. Time required to reach MB and RT was measured with a train-of-four (TOF) device where MB and RT were named TOF0 and TOF75 respectively. Direct expenses were used to evaluate the effect on hospital budget. Key findings Mean times calculated to reach TOF75 in recovery with rocuronium and atracurium were 38 and 51 min respectively. Mean durations of operations where atracurium and rocuronium were used were 47 and 46 min respectively. In group R, patients reached TOF75 before the operation time and eventually extubated safely. In group A, the time to reach TOF75 was 51 min but operation time was 46 min and patients needed an additional 5 min for recovery and safe extubation. Preparation period was determined as 14 min. These results indicate that 60 min in group R and 65 min in group A were needed from the start of one operation to the start of the next. Conclusions This study showed that if a hospital's usage ratio is 100% performance capacity, and there are no other problems, in 1 month by using rocuronium it could perform an extra 15 paediatric surgical operations gaining additional income of US$2436 for one operation room per month.

Introduction Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a major global health threat. Prehospital professionals face the risk of infection as they work to save lives. They should be made aware of the disease and be prepared to handle such cases. The aims of our study are to develop a training program about the prehospital management of a MERS case using standardized patient (SP) scenarios, to evaluate the awareness and preparedness of the participants about MERS, and to evaluate the effectiveness of this training. Methods We developed 5 scenarios using SPs and an observation form. We included paramedic students and emergency medical service (EMS) providers in our study. They were involved in the simulations. Results A total of 24 paramedic students and 33 EMS providers participated in our study. Sixteen (84%) of 19 teams recognized the possibility of MERS as a measure of their awareness in the baseline evaluation. The participants lacked donning and doffing personal protective equipments, which revealed their baseline level of preparedness for MERS. Certain improvements in donning and doffing personal protective equipment were observed in the posttraining evaluation. The participants provided positive feedback on the training program. Conclusions The training program was appropriate for both paramedic students and EMS providers. A positive educational climate was created. Because the main concerns of this study were awareness and preparedness, which required human interaction, the SP methodology was the optimal simulation modality.

Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “abnormal or excess fat accumulation that may impair health.” To define obesity, the patient’s body weight in kilograms is divided by the square of height in meters to calculate the body mass index (BMI). In Turkey, it has been reported that 34.8% of the population are overweight, 44.2% are of normal weight, and 3.9% are lean in 2012. With respect to gender, 20.9% and 30.4% of the women are obese and overweight, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the role of obesity surgery in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during the period February 2013–April 2014. The Task Force under Department of Health Technologies Assessment, General Directorate of Health Research, Ministry of Health, and specialists performed this study in accordance with the Basic Model Submission Assessment Component Format for Medical and Surgical Interventions of EUnetHTA. Results: Obesity is a major disorder that threatens world populations, and governments are developing many strategies to fight this disease. It has been shown that medical treatment is ineffective and that obesity surgery may be useful, especially in patients with a high BMI plus comorbidities. Conclusion: Obesity surgery is both clinically effective and cost-effective; however, its ethical, social, and organizational aspects should also be evaluated and taken into consideration when deciding on the correct patient, the correct surgeon, the correct center, and the correct surgical method.

Amaç: Akkaraman Kangal koyunlarında geç gebelik ve erken laktasyon dönemlerine ait serum konsantrasyonlarındaki bazı biyokimyasal belirteçlerin ve makro elementlerin üreme durumları üzerindeki etkilerini incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın materyalini mera koşulların-da herhangi bir ek rasyona tabi tutulmayan 12 Akkaraman Kangal koyunu oluşturdu. Serum örnekleri geç gebelik ve erken laktasyon dönemlerinde alındı. Kan glikoz, kolesterol, kreatinin, trigliserit, alkalen fosfataz, total protein, albümin, çok düşük dansiteli lipoprotein, kan üre atozu, kalsiyum, fos-for ve magnezyum konsantrasyonları analizatörle ölçüldü.Bulgular: Laktasyon dönemindeki koyunlarda alkalen fosfa-taz, albümin ve kalsiyum konsantrasyonları gebe koyunlara göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (P, Aim: The aim of this study to investigate the influence in rep-roductive status on the serum concentration of biochemical markers and some macro elements in sera of Akkaraman Kangal ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation.Materials and Methods: Twelve Akkaraman Kangal ewes were included in this study. The sheep were raised under pasture conditions and without any dietary complementa-tion. Samples were taken during late pregnancy and early lactation from each ewe. Serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, triglyceride, alkaline phosphates, to-tal protein, albumin, very low density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were deter-mined with analyzer. Results: In the ewes during lactation, the concentrations of alkaline phosphates, albumin and calcium were significantly higher (P

Partial fascicular oculomotor palsy, the combination of bilateral midriasis with loss of vertical gaze movements, is rarely a consequence of midbrain infarction. We describe a patient with acute ischemic infarcts involving both upper most part of the midbrain, presenting with marked vertical gaze palsy and mydriasis bilaterally as the only neurological abnormality. These features are suggestive of partial fascicular oculomotor palsies involving the pupil, inferior rectus(IR), superior rectus(SR), inferior oblique(IO) muscles and sparing medial rectus(ML), levator palpebrae(LP) muscles. These neuro-ophthalmological and radiological findings in our case support the model that the fibers to medial rectus and levator palpebrae muscles might be located in the more caudal portion of the oculomotor fascicles.

The percentage of mortality caused by cardio-vascular events in European Countries and European Union Countries is respectively 49% and 42% of all mortality causes. Our estimates about cardiovascular mortality in Turkey depend on TEKHARF (Hearth Disease and Risk Factors in Turkish Adults) which depended on a 12 year observation. It has been reported that cardio-vascular mortality rates for Turkey in men and women were 0.082% and 0.043% respectively. In Turkey, Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin and Simvastatin are the different alternatives found in the statin market. All stat-ins are reimbursed by insurance companies. The aim of this study is to determine the cost- effectiveness of statins. In conclusion, simvas-tatin and rosuvastatin comprised the optimal two statin alternatives.