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This review discusses surgical management options, both radical and palliative surgical management for malignant pleural disease in lung cancer. No current clinical guideline recommends their routine implementation. Nevertheless, radical surgical management is used to improve the long-term results for patients with malignant pleural disease. The observational data suggest the effectiveness is not apparent, which is also associated with the patients’ heterogeneity and surgical methods. Most experts agree that it is impossible to draw well-grounded conclusions about the feasibility, efficacy, safety and optimal scope for surgical interventions in lung cancer patients with malignant pleural diseases. They advocate further research and randomised trials, considering the expected potential of using modern multidisciplinary approaches. When determining the tactics of malignant pleural disease management, an individual approach is required. It is crucial to consider the most significant prognostic and predictive factors: laterality, tumour spread (distant and regional metastases), sex, age, comorbidities, morphology, the presence of driver mutations, and the risk of postoperative complications. Personalisation of methods for managing malignant pleural disease in lung cancer is a promising area of modern oncology. However, many aspects of approaches to solving this problem remain unclear and require further research.

Purpose: To determine impact of various planning tumour volume (PTV) margins on final dose distribution in patients with maximal intrafraction prostate displacement. Materials: We analyzed data of 15 prostate cancer patients with maximal (значения) prostate intrafraction displacement registered during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) — 5 fractions of 7.25 Gy. Prostate displacement was determined by cone beam CT that was performed before and after each fraction. Modeling of dose distribution considering prostate displacement was performed for every fraction by isocenter shift. Final dose distribution was calculated as the sum of all fractions and was evaluated for PTV with various margins: 5-5-5-3, 3-3-3-1, 5-5-5 and cropped rectum. Results: The dosimetric impact of maximal intrafraction prostate motion was minimal for target coverage even for PTV with minimal margins (3 in all directions and 1 mm — posterior): CTV V100% varied from 97.5 to 100%. Prostate displacement reduced the dose to the rectum in all but minimal doses were detected for PTV 3-3-3-1: average D2cc — 31.87 Gy (28.41–34.05). For PTV 3-3-3-1 average bladder V100% volume slightly increased from 3.67 (SBRT plan) to 4.87 cc (simulation of intrafraction prostate displacement). Conclusions: The dosimetric impact of maximal intrafraction prostate motion was minimal for target coverage and doses in rectum and bladder even for PTV with minimal (3-3-3-1) margins.

Materials with high thermo mechanical properties are required as laser media for high-powered lasers. One of such materials is lutetium-aluminum garnet (LuAG) doped with ytterbium. In the present work, we discuss for the first time a full comparative study of 5% Yb-doped LuYAG ceramics with variation Lu/Y ratio. Samples were prepared with addition of B2O3, MgO and SiO2 which were used as sintering aids. Grain sizes, shrinkage curves, lattice constants and transmission spectra were measured for all samples. Thermal conductivity was measured in a wide temperature range for all studied samples. Output power of 12 W and 60% slope efficiency were obtained on the 5% Yb:LuAG disk laser.

The data on 137 patients with metastases of the cervical cancer to the vagina and on 132 patients with metastases of the uterus body cancer to the vagina after radiation treatment are analyerd. It is concluded that to estimate the biological effect of radiation on tissue it is more rational to use the time-dose- fractioning factor comparing with the cumulative radiation effect or linear and square law modehit is simpler, it is appleid in radiation oncology, it is as good as the latter models in predicting the probality of early and late radiation complications.

The tutorial presents the basic concepts and definitions in the field of synchronization of communication networks, considers the principles of building synchronization systems, as well as issues of their technical operation and management, including under the influence of attacks by organized intruders. It is intended for full-time and part-time students of the specialty "Train traffic support systems", specializations "Telecommunication systems and networks of railway transport" and "Radio engineering systems in railway transport", as well as graduate students of the scientific specialty "Systems, networks and devices of telecommunications". It may be useful for engineers involved in the design and operation of synchronization systems and telecommunications systems.

94 patients with piriformis syndrome were examined. The description of clinical tests of piriformis syndrome used in manual therapy and instrumental research methods is carried out. The possibility of using ultrasound as a diagnostic technique for lesions of the piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve is noted. The combination of classical manual therapy and the use of medical blockades with dynamic ultrasound control is a therapeutic choice in patients with primary and secondary piriformis syndrome.

Abridged English-language version of the annual IMEMO forecast ‘Russia and the World: 2022’ is dedicated to the analysis and the forecast of key trends in the world economy and international relations in 2022. The primary focus is on the issues that are of fundamental importance for ensuring stable economic and political development of Russia in the near (2022) and more distant future. In the preparation of the paper, the long-term experience of predictive research carried out by IMEMO RAS was used. The paper consists of three parts: global trends, economics, and foreign policy. Among the global trends accelerated digitalization and all related social, political, and economic changes; focus on technological competition; climate/environmental and energy agendas are coming to the fore; increasing geopolitical and geo-economic tensions and the raging global pandemic of COVID-19 are highlighted. In the world economy, the authors of the paper expect an increase in inflation, acceleration of digitalization amid intensifying technology competition and the pursuit of digital sovereignty, acceleration of decarbonization, launch of demethanization process, and shifts in food systems. The paper further assesses the prospects of the leading industry drivers of world economic growth in 2022: production of semiconductors; pharmaceuticals and biomedicine; rare earth, non-ferrous, and ferrous metals. In the next section of the paper, political and social trends are analyzed in the countries of North America, Europe, Pacific and South Asia, Post-Soviet space. The final section of the paper gives the forecast of the relations of the Russian Federation with its key foreign partners. Against the backdrop of the renewal of the global economy, which includes energy transition and accelerated digitalization, it is becoming vitally important for Russia to conduct a comprehensive balanced restructuring of the national economy and social sphere. Translation: Artamonova U.Z., Samarskaya L.M., Sokolova P.S., Urumov T.R., translation editors Mamedyarov Z.A., Moiseeva D.E.

Main features in designing of drawing schedules for gauged bars at OJSC "Magnitogorsk Hardware and Sizing Plant "MMK-METIZ" on CDS 300/80 and DB 800/40 lines by EJP are presented. Parameters of the surface layer after shotblasting, relations between a deformation zone and lubrication conditions during drawing, elastic after effect and its effect on the accuracy degree of gauged bars, operation conditions and the quality of preparation of drawing tools are factored to ensure mechanical parameters of finished products and operational stability.

The ability to initiate chemical reactions without the need for potentially hazardous solvents, catalysts and radical initiators is of key importance for modern biotechnologies and medicine.

Purpose: optimization of the technique of additional irradiation of the removed tumor bed using high-dose brachytherapy for breast cancer. Material and Methods: the results of treatment of 28 patients diagnosed with breast cancer were analyzed. After surgical treatment and a course of external radiation therapy, all patients underwent additional irradiation of the removed tumor bed using high-dose brachytherapy. The assessment of the operation protocols, the data of the pathomorphological conclusion was carried out, and on the basis of pre- and postoperative CT images, the formation of irradiation fields for high-dose brachytherapy was carried out. Results: After deformable (nonrigid) registration of pre- and postoperative CT images of 28 patients, it was revealed that in 18 women (64.3% of cases) the location of interstitial markers and the primary tumor focus does not match topographically, which can cause incorrect formation of borders irradiation. In 35.7% of cases, radiopaque markers were located on the chest wall (on the pectoralis major muscle) when the primary tumor was located in the breast tissue. In 25% of cases, the markers were located cranial or caudal to the topography of the primary tumor focus. Label migration occurred in 3.6% of cases. In 35.7% of cases, the topography of the primary tumor node and marks completely coincided. Conclusions: The use of deformable (non-rigid) registration of pre- and postoperative CT images is a simpler method to determine the topography of the removed tumor bed, which subsequently leads to a more accurate formation of the clinical volume of irradiation.

Purpose. To study the influence of PD-L1 expression on the dynamics of immunological changes before and at different intervals after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of metastatic lesions in patients with metastatic forms of solid tumors. Materials and methods. A quantitative assessment and analysis of blood immunological parameters was conducted before irradiation, via 3-4 weeks and via 6-8 weeks after SBRT in patients with malignant tumors with oligometastases in the liver or lungs, in groups with negative and positive expression of PD-L1. All peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman and Nemenyi criteria. Results. 3-4 weeks after the end of SBRT in group CPS 1, we revealed statistically significant increase of activated T-helpers 6-8 weeks after and decrease of T-regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+CD25brightCD127low) 3-4 weeks after completion of SBRT compared with the study before radiotherapy. When we analyzed the indicators by the TPS index, most of the statistically significant changes were recorded in the group with negative expression (TPS

This article provides an overview of the interaction between the warring parties and the main stages of the confrontation between the organized attacker and the information security system in the implementation of an attack on the network management system of clock network synchronization. A simulation model has been developed that reflects all stages of the struggle, which allows, depending on the resources of an organized attacker and the information security system, to obtain probabilistic and temporal characteristics of the results of the confrontation. Simulation has been carried out for various scenarios of organizing an attack at all stages of the confrontation, from the overwhelming advantage of an organized malefactor to the overwhelming advantage of an information security system. The results obtained in the general case can be used by security administrators and network administrators to make adjustments to the strategy of organizing the protection of the network management system of clock network synchronization.

The paper specifies the potential of Asia-Pacific multilateral dialogue platforms — APEC, the ARF, the ADMM+8 and the EAS — from the perspective of re-energizing cooperation between Russia and the South Pacific countries. In the first paragraph, the authors analyze the strategy and results of Russia’s policy in APEC, the principal Asia-Pacific dialogue platform aimed at stimulating economic integration; in the second, they focus on Russia’s participation in ASEAN-centric multilateral negotiation venues that hold discussions on political and security issues. In the third paragraph, the degree of utility of those multilateral venues for strengthening relations between Russia and the South Pacific region that participate in those institutions — Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea — are revealed. The authors argue that the evolution of regional processes does not contribute to strengthening Russia’s partnership with those states. The intensification of US-China competition (including the establishment of antagonistic structures and integration projects), the tightening of anti-Chinese rhetoric in the United States and its ally countries leads to an increasing polarization of Asia-Pacific dialogue platforms. Moreover, the agenda of those platforms, created decades ago, do not always seem to meet the present realities. The unwillingness to adapt to the urgent problems of the region results in the consolidation of a largely formal role of those platforms and in a decrease in interest of their participants. Under these circumstances, a search for a unifying constructive agenda is difficult, while without it, finding common ground with countries that have not previously been involved in any close contacts with Russia seems almost impossible. At the same time, in the foreseeable future Russia’s relations with Australia and New Zealand will be profoundly shaped by Russia’s confrontation with the West. Russia’s dialogue with Papua New Guinea is more promising. Nevertheless, owing to the geographic remoteness and lack of interest from the business community, no breakthroughs can be expected either., Статья уточняет потенциал многосторонних диалоговых площадок АТР — АТЭС, АРФ, СМОА+ и ВАС — с точки зрения активизации сотрудничества России со странами ЮТР, участвующими в упомянутых форматах. В первом параграфе авторы анализируют стратегию и результаты деятельности РФ в АТЭС — основной азиатско-тихоокеанской структуре, нацеленной на экономическую интеграцию, во втором — концентрируются на участии РФ в асеаноцентричных форматах, посвящённых вопросам политики и безопасности. В третьем параграфе выявлена степень полезности этих площадок для укрепления сотрудничества России с присутствующими в них странами ЮТР — Австралией, Новой Зеландией и Папуа — Новой Гвинеей. Авторы приходят к выводу, что эволюция региональных процессов не способствует активизации партнёрства РФ с упомянутыми государствами. Усиление американо-китайской конкуренции, выражающееся в том числе в формировании зачастую антагонистических по отношению друг к другу структур и проектов, ужесточение антикитайской риторики со стороны США и их союзников ведёт к растущей поляризации азиатско-тихоокеанских переговорных форматов. Более того, проблематика этих созданных десятилетия назад площадок не всегда отвечает потребностям сегодняшнего дня. Неготовность адаптироваться к решению актуальных проблем региона ведёт к закреплению за такими структурами формальной роли и угасанию интереса к ним со стороны их участников. В этих условиях поиск объединяющей конструктивной повестки сотрудничества затруднён, а без неё нахождение точек соприкосновения со странами, ранее не вовлечёнными в сколь-либо тесные контакты с Россией, представляется маловероятным. При этом отношения РФ с Австралией и Новой Зеландией в обозримой перспективе будут подвержены сильнейшему влиянию конфронтации Москвы с Западом. Диалог с Папуа — Новой Гвинеей в этом плане имеет больше перспектив, однако в силу удалённости и отсутствия интереса у деловых кругов ожидать каких-либо прорывов тоже не приходится.

The article presents the work of a multidisciplinary team of experts from various fields of medicine to optimize the «Questionnaire for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction (QCPPD) of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology» for use in clinical practice. The survey of respondents was conducted from June 28 to September 28, 2021. As a result of this survey, by repeatedly making edits and clarifications during communication with respondents, the final version was obtained, which allows assessing the patient's subjective sensations by the nature and localization of pelvic pain, sensitivity disorders and pelvic organ function. The main objective of this Questionnaire is to differentiate patients with neurogenic pain from a huge number of patients with chronic pelvic pain. This aspect will allow a more targeted approach to the diagnosis and pathogenetically justified treatment of patients, including after appropriate instrumental examinations. The work of a multidisciplinary team implies a higher degree of objectification and terminological accuracy of the Questionnaire under discussion. The presented version of the «Questionnaire for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction (QCPPD) of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology» will be primarily used in coloproctological patients with pelvic pain problems and anal incontinence and obstructive defecation. Further studies will be directed to the clinical evaluation of the results of the work carried out.В статье представлена работа мультидисциплинарной команды экспертов различных областей медицины по оптимизации «Опросника для оценки хронической тазовой боли и нарушений функции тазовых органов (ОХТБФ) НМИЦ колопроктологии им. А.Н. Рыжих» для использования в клинической практике. Опрос респондентов проводился с 28 июня по 28 сентября 2021 г. В результате данного опроса путем неоднократного внесения правок и уточнений в ходе общения с респондентами был получен конечный вариант, позволяющий проводить оценку субъективных ощущений пациента по характеру и локализации тазовой боли, нарушениям чувствительности и функции тазовых органов. Основной задачей данного Опросника является дифференцирование пациентов с нейрогенной болью из огромного числа больных с хронической тазовой болью. Данный аспект позволит более таргетно подходить к диагностике и патогенетически оправданному лечению пациентов, уже в том числе после проведения соответствующих инструментальных обследований. Работа мультидисциплинарной команды подразумевает более высокую степень объективизации и терминологическую точность обсуждаемого Опросника. Представленный вариант «Опросника для оценки хронической тазовой боли и нарушений функции тазовых органов (ОХТБФ) НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» будет прежде всего использоваться у пациентов колопроктологического профиля с проблемами тазовой боли и нарушением функции держания и эвакуации кишечного содержимого. Дальнейшие исследования будут направлены на клиническую оценку результатов проведенной работы.

The article presents and describes the plants of the genus Rosa L. growing on the territory of the Dzungarian Alatau. As a result of the study of literature sources it was found that out of 57 species of the Rosaceae family growing in the territory of the CIS countries there are 10 species of the genus Rosa L. (R. beggeriana Schrenk, R. canina L., R. platyacantha Schrenk, R. laxa Retz., R. spinosissima L., R. alberti Regel, R.schrenkiana Crep., R. acicularis Lindl., R. majalis Herrm, R. nanothamnus Bouleng.). The state of the vegetation cover of the Dzungarian Alatau for 2015, 2017 and 2020 was also studied using the program. The gradual degradation of the plant community of this mountain system is determined.

Bulk nanomaterials with an open porosity offer exciting prospects for creating new functional materials for various applications in photonics, IR-THz optics, metamaterials, heterogeneous photocatalysis, monitoring and cleaning toxic impurities in the environment. However, their availability is limited by the complexity of controlling the process of synthesis of bulk 3D nanostructures with desired physicochemical and functional properties. In this paper, we performed a detailed analysis of influence of a silica monolayer chemically deposited on the surface of a monolithic ultraporous nanostructure, consisting of a 3D nanofibril network of aluminum oxyhydroxide, on the evolution of structure and morphology, chemical composition and phase transformations after heat treatment in the temperature range of 20−1700 °C. The experimental results are interpreted in the framework of a physical model taking into account surface and volume mass transport and sintering kinetics of nanofibrils, which made it possible to estimate activation energies of the surface diffusion and sintering processes. It is shown that the presence of a surface silica monolayer on the surface affects the kinetics of aluminum oxyhydroxide dehydration and inhibits diffusion mass transfer and structural phase transformations. As a result, the overall evolution of the 3D nanostructure significantly differs from that of nanomaterials without surface chemical modification.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare and heterogeneous group of mesenchymal cell tumors, accounting for only 1% of all malignances. Every year about 3700 new cases of STS are registered in Russia, while the annual increase rate was 6.45% in 2019. Randomized studies confirm the feasibility of combination therapy for STS. The review contains a comprehensive description of the proposed methods of combined treatment of STS. Advantages, disadvantages, directions and features of various methods of radiation therapy for STS are shown on the examples of scientific research of recent years.

Lung cancer (LC) is a common malignant neoplasm (MN) with high lethality, often detected at late stages. The implementation of lung cancer screening can change the ratio in favor of the early stages. Screening could help diagnose early-stage LC in 60% of patients. Multiple primary LCs occur in 4–10% of patients within five years after treatment. The presence of oligo-metastatic disease only in the lungs (up to 5 nodules) occurs in 6-40% of patients with malignant tumors, and complete resection could increase 5-year survival to 20-40%. Due to functional limitations, surgical treatment can be performed only in 65-70% of patients. Stereotactic radiation therapy gives an opportunity to accurately deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumor with minimal damage to the surrounding healthy tissues. Local control is possible in 85–95% of cases, and 3-year overall survival is about 60–80%. New algorithms for fractionation and dose determination (BED10 ≥ 100 Gy) could improve the treatment results for early-stage lung cancer and oligometastatic lesions. In this non-systematic review, we analyze a recent publication and our own experience. We consider the effectiveness and safety of stereotactic radiotherapy and planning, modeling, fractionation, dose restrictions on critical organs, radiation reactions, and adverse events. We conclude that randomized controlled trials can reveal the stereotactic radiation therapy's potential in patients with primary and oligo-metastatic pulmonary tumors.