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The analysis in the paper is focused on a problem of differences in a level of wages and salaries between EU countries in a sectoral dimension. We try to diagnose a scale of the differentiation and a direction of changes in a period of 2004-2013 years. In a search for the reasons of wage inequality between countries we pay our attention to structural differences in remunerations. We try to specify which branches are the most and which are the least diversified across EU countries in terms of a level of wages and salaries. As modern development is connected with servicisation of economies we try to specify a character of a service sector considering its ability to equalize remunerations. We verify a hypothesis if it covers branches with the lowest level of wage inequality across EU countries. Structure of the paper leads us from a diagnosis of a relative wage level across branches into assessment of wage inequality in different branches across EU countries. In conclusion we confirm the initial thesis and point out at information and communication as well as financial and insurance activities as the ones of the lowest wage inequality

W artykule podjeto probe zidentyfikowania opinii przedsiebiorcow funkcjonujących w wojewodztwie podkarpackim na temat znaczenia kwalifikacji pracownikow placowek handlu detalicznego oraz faktycznych dzialan zmierzających do podnoszenia kompetencji zatrudnionych. Choc blisko 65% respondentow określilo wyksztalcenie jako istotną ceche pracownika, a prawie 75% przedsiebiorcow przyznalo, ze podnoszenie kwalifikacji jest co najmniej wazne, to jedynie polowa wspierala pracownikow w zwiekszaniu kompetencji. Przedsiebiorcy wykorzystywali w tym celu niemal wylącznie tradycyjne metody, takie jak szkolenia czy kursy.

SummaryWe describe a 65-year-old male with severe soft tissue infection of both lower legs. He had infected ulcer after stripping of small saphenous vein in tumescent anaesthesia and excision of side branches, and was referred from a foreign clinic. Intraarterial angiography of the pelvic and legs vessels showed severe stenosis in the left deep femoral artery and a tandem stenosis of superficial artery. A hybrid procedure with intraoperative percutaneus angioplasty combined with femoral xenogenic patch as well as local wound treatment with negative pressure wound therapy and subsequent mesh graft transplantation were carried out. We observed complete healing of ulcers within four weeks.

Artykuł podejmuje tematykę muzeum jako miejsca wywołującego emocjonalne reakcje odbiorcy, ze wskazaniem na aspekty muzealnictwa, które mogą być przedmiotem intencjonalnego odniesienia emocji. Przedstawione zostaną najnowsze trendy architektoniczne oraz wystawiennicze w ich emocjonalnym aspekcie. Jednym z celów artykułu jest także zwrócenie uwagi na konieczność zachowania równowagi pomiędzy emocjonalnością a refleksyjnością w muzeach. The study is to show museum as a space which induces emotional reactions of the receiver, indicating those aspects of the museum, which can be the subject of intentional reference of emotions. They are briefly presented the latest trends in architecture and exhibition in their emotional aspect. One of the purposes of this article is to draw attention to the need for maintaining the balance between emotionality and reflexivity in museums.

Celem autorki artykułu jest charakterystyka, w kontekście kultury cyfrowej, zjawisk zachodzących w mediach interaktywnych: czarnego humoru oraz odwrażliwienia społecznego. Autorka zadaje pytanie, czy dominujące w mediach przedstawienia grozy i absurdu są wynikiem desensytyzacji, czy też pełnią funkcję kompensacyjną. Udzielenie jednoznacznej odpowiedzi byłoby diagnozą kondycji człowieka ponowoczesnego. Wydaje się jednak, że nauki o mediach nie dysponują narzędziami, które taką odpowiedź pozwolą uzyskać. The aim of the author of this article is to characterize phenomena occurring in interactive media: black humour and social desensitization, in the context of digital culture. The author asks the question of whether the awe and absurdities prevailing in the media are the result of desensitization or if they play a compensating function. Providing a definite answer would be a diagnosis of the postmodern human condition. It seems, however, that the media studies do not have tools to allow such an answer.

Kultura Współczesna 101, 2 (2018), pp. 124-131

Rather than being used as an opposite to rationality, sensitivity is here perceived as a cognitive category and a quality that enables a better understanding of both one's own experiences and social reality. Subjected to psychologization and tyranny of intimacy, post-modern culture seems to have an ambivalent attitude to sensitivity. While understanding and empathy are highly desired values in the ever more individualized society, cultural exhibitionism leads to atrophy of sensitivity and escalation of narcissistic attitudes.

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badan wlasnych przeprowadzonych wśrod 900 klientow handlu detalicznego zywnością. Ze wzgledu na kluczowe znaczenie samoobslugowych form realizacji sprzedazy detalicznej artykulow zywnościowych, na znaczeniu zyskuje atrakcyjne opakowanie produktu. Poza funkcjami ochronnymi czy transportowymi musi ono pelnic funkcje informacyjną, szczegolnie w warunkach ograniczonego zaangazowania personelu sprzedazowego w obrocie towarowym. W artykule podjeto probe weryfikacji miejsca, jakie w strukturze kanalow informacyjnych zajmuje opakowanie produktow zywnościowych. Analizie poddano rowniez skale wykorzystania certyfikatow jakościowych zamieszczanych na opakowaniach jako determinanty zakupu w zdywersyfikowanych podgrupach klientow.

Research background: Regions that are able to use their resources in the most efficient way could be perceived as valuable benchmarks when shaping socio-economic policy. The concept of efficiency, however, may be related not only to pure economic categories but to social goals as well. The economic and social spheres overlap and often have some common origins, among which, the sectoral structure of employment seems to be an important one. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study was to compare the social efficiency of employment in three sectors in Polish voivodeships. Not only were we evaluating the relative performance of each region, but we were also paying attention to the efficiency of engagement of human resources in the agricultural, industrial and service sectors. Methods: We adopted the DEA method to assess the social efficiency of Polish regions. We have evaluated social cohesion concerning its two output dimensions: positive, which may be described by social activity, and negative, which may be reflected in the form of social exclusion stemming from material sources. We took into account the level of employment in agricultural, industrial and service sectors as inputs in the model and thus focused our attention on the three sectoral structure of the regional economies. Our model assumed non-radial developmental paths and was input oriented (NR-CCR). The data described the 16 Polish voivodeships in the year 2015, and were extracted from the Central Statistical Office of Poland’s databases. Findings & value added: The research conducted indicates that Polish regions which were the most efficient in terms of social integration were simultaneously those with the best economic results in terms of GDP per capita. The highest social efficiency level was characteristic for employment in the service sector, while agriculture was placed at the lowest level. The same pattern was revealed when social activity and the danger of poverty were considered separately. Thus, structural development appears to be favourable for regional economies also in terms of social cohesion, which is a factor often neglected in the literature.

The paper presents a synthetic information on a UAV-based radar terrain imaging system, its purpose, structure and working principle as well as terrain images obtained from flight experiments. A SAR technology demonstrator has been built as a result of a research project conducted by the Military University of Technology and WB Electronics S.A. under the name WATSAR. The developed system allows to obtain high resolution radar images, both in on-line and off-line modes, independently of the light conditions over the observed area. The software developed for the system allows to determine geographic coordinates of the imaged objects with high accuracy. Four LFM-CW radar sensors were built during the project: two for S band and two for Ku band, working with different signal bandwidths. Acquired signals were processed with the TDC algorithm, which allowed for a number of analyses in order to evaluate the performance of the system. The impact of the navigational corrections on a SAR image quality was assessed as well. The research methodology of the in-flight experiments of the system is presented in the paper. The projects results show that the developed system may be implemented as an aid to tactical C4ISR systems.

The postoperative occurrence of lymph fistulas in the groin is a complication that should be taken seriously. These fistulas cause an increase in morbidity and can support local and ascending infections. The treatment of this complication ranges from conservative procedures, such as compression dressings and bed rest to operative treatment with detection of the fistulas and ligation, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) or even muscle flaps. This review provides an overview of current therapeutic modalities.On the basis of a current literature search via PubMed, we identified possible treatment options, which are described in this article.The conservative treatment options presented still have an importance in treating groin fistulas. A selection of safe and effective interventional and operative treatments is presented.If there are indications for an interventional or operative treatment a variety of safe and effective therapies are available, which can significantly reduce the length of hospital stay. The option of treatment using a muscle flap is of value as a last resort in the treatment of infected vascular prosthesis in the groin of Szilagyi type III and should be used when necessary.

The analysis of regional differences in a share of service sector in employment was conducted in the study. The aim of research was to identify the most important intra-sectoral determinants of labour engagement in the service sector at a level of voivodeships. Statistical methods such as analysis of variability, correlation, regression and factor analysis were used to realize the task of research. After identification of the most important factors determining regional scale of employment in the service sector and their structuralization, there were indicated specific sets of factors influencing situation in each voivodeship.

Dynamic changes of economic structures resulting partially from globalization processes and international integration, strengthened by technological development induce economic entities to search for strategic as well as operational solutions that enable to gain and maintain competitive advantage. The statements seem to be especially important for retail trade entities that, apart from domestic competition, are forced to compete with retailers with foreign capital, that possess not only rich financial resources but also a lot of advantages in technical, organizational or managerial fields. Theoretical indication to improve such situation is to cooperate. In the paper there was taken an attempt to define scale and scope of cooperation between retailers functioning in podkarpackie voivodeship. There was verified a thesis about existence of relationship between cooperation activity and economic condition of the entities under research. Expectations of entrepreneurs who consider engagement in relations with their competitors were presented. Destimulants and stimulants of development of cooperation in trade were analysed as well. Conclusions in the paper were based on data extracted from the own research realized in the form of questionnaire survey in a group of 292 retailers functioning in podkarpackie voivodeship.

Recenzja ksiązki Magdaleny Szpunar, Kultura cyfrowego narcyzmu, Wydawnictwa AGH, Krakow 2016, ss. 219

Postoperativ auftretende Lymphfisteln der Leistenregion stellen eine ernstzunehmende Komplikation dar. Diese Fisteln fuhren zu einer Steigerung der Morbiditat und konnen lokale sowie auch aufsteigende Infektionen unterhalten. Die Therapie dieser Komplikation reicht von konservativen Masnahmen wie Kompressionsverband und Bettruhe bis zur operativen Therapie mittels Lymphfisteldetektion und Ligatur, VAC-Pumpentherapie bis hin zur Muskellappenplastik. Diese Arbeit gibt eine Ubersicht uber eine Auswahl an Therapiemoglichkeiten. Anhand aktueller Literaturrecherche mittels Pubmed wurde eine Auswahl an etwaigen Therapieverfahren identifiziert und beschrieben. Die vorgestellten konservativen Masnahmen haben nach wie vor ihren Stellenwert. Es wird eine Auswahl sicherer und effektiver interventioneller und operativer Therapieverfahren vorgestellt. Bei der Indikation zur interventionellen bzw. operativen Therapie steht eine Auswahl sicherer und effektiver Therapiealternativen zur Verfugung, die den Krankenhausaufenthalt signifikant verkurzen konnen. Die Therapie mittels lokaler Muskellappenplastiken hat ihren Stellenwert als Ultima Ratio in der Versorgung von Protheseninfekten in der Leiste vom Typ Szilagyi III und sollte bei Bedarf angewandt werden.

Research background: Regions that are able to use their resources in the most efficient way could be perceived as valuable benchmarks when shaping socio-economic policy. The efficiency, however, can be related not only to pure economic categories but to social goals as well. These two dimensions: economic and social overlap and often have some common stems, among which sectoral structure of employment seems to be an important one. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study was to compare thesocial efficiency of employment in three sectors in Polish voivodeships. Not only were we evaluating therelative performance of each region but we were also paying attention to theefficiency of engagement of human resources in agricultural, industrial and service sectors. Methodology/methods:We adopted DEA method to assess thesocial efficiency of Polish regions. We evaluated social cohesion concerning its two output dimensions: positive, that could be described by social activity and negative, that could be reflected in a form of social exclusion stemming from material sources. We took into account a level of employment in agricultural, industrial and service sectors as inputs in the model and thus focused our attention on thethreesectoral structure of regional economies. Our model assumed non-radial developmental paths and was input oriented (NR-CCR). Data were describing the 16 Polish voivodeships in the2015 year and were extracted from the Central Statistical Office of Poland's databases. Findings& Value added:The conducted research indicate that Polish regions which were the most efficient in terms of social integration were simultaneously those with the best economic results in terms of GDP per capita. The highest social efficiency was characteristic for employment in theservice sector, while the lowest - for agriculture. Thus, structural development appears to be favourable for regional economies also in terms of social cohesion, which is often neglected in the literature.

Kultura Współczesna 96, 3 (2017), pp. 110-117

Einleitung: Die Behandlung von infizierten endovaskulär eingebrachten Aortengrafts ist mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität vergesellschaftet. Neben klinischen Parametern und Laborparametern wird der PET-CT eine zunehmende Rolle in der Standardiagnostik bei Protheseninfekten zugewiesen.[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

The article describes how Christian art depicted in the Third Person of the Trinity. It was quide difficult, because the Holy Spirit could not appear as a man. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the hidden remains an icon of the Holy Spirit, Mary, as a person completely penetrated him. On the third hypostasis of Marian icons also appeared as a dove further (the icon Annunciation), or as a light-gold.Christ’s presence on the perceptions of the Holy Spirit has been emphasized by showing the radius, or a small circle (the icon of Christ’s birth). He revealed himself as a dove hovering (the icon of the Baptism of Christ), or as light (the icon of the Transfiguration).However the icon showing a scene “Pentecost”, he reveals himself tongues of fire descending figure, which rest upon the Apostles.

The article explains the iconographic scheme of symbolic representations of Christ, which were present in the Russian and Byzantine art. In comparison to the first characters used on the early these icons have theological content. They represent the whole process of salvation for mankind, and many of them associated with the liturgy. For example, images of Christ as a “Watchful eye” or as the Lamb of God refer to the rites performed during the initial part of the Liturgy. Also important are the images of Christ in the performances of the whole Trinity. The type of the Old Testament Trinity He is shown as one of the three angels, and New Testament Trinity in the form of a man in robes of blue and red. Distinct type of representation is the Son of God in the form of an angel. There is here such topics as: Christ the Holy Silence, Christ Crucified Seraph and Sophia-Wisdom of God.

Artykul omawia zagadnienie osadnictwa paleolitycznego na Wyzynie Ryczowskiej w oparciu o wyniki interdyscyplinarnych badan. Stanowi on przyczynek do rozwazan nad relacjami miedzy czlowiekiem a niektorymi aspektami uwarunkowan środowiskowych w paleolicie.

Erosion processes cause serious ecologic and economic problems because of their negative consequences in terms of soil and water deterioration as well as for the environment as a whole. Water erosion implicates that the fine soil particles, nutrients and organic components are washed out. This thesis adresses the size of water erosion and erosion control measures in the region Huánuco (Carpsih) in Peru. Size of erosion was determined using an universal equation - Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The main results of the work is the determination of the extent of soil erosion in the are of interest, its displeving in the map bases and the suggestion of soil protection in the most endangered areas.

A chimeric yellow fever-dengue 1 (ChimeriVax-DEN1) virus was produced by the transfection of Vero cells with chimeric in vitro RNA transcripts. The cell culture supernatant was subjected to plaque purification for the identification of a vaccine candidate without mutations. Of 10 plaque-purified clones, 1 containing no mutation (clone J) was selected for production of the vaccine virus. During subsequent cell culture passaging of this clone for vaccine production, a single amino acid substitution (K to R) occurred in the envelope (E) protein at residue 204 (E204) (F. Guirakhoo, K. Pugachev, Z. Zhang, G. Myers, I. Levenbook, K. Draper, J. Lang, S. Ocran, F. Mitchell, M. Parsons, N. Brown, S. Brandler, C. Fournier, B. Barrere, F. Rizvi, A. Travassos, R. Nichols, D. Trent, and T. Monath, J. Virol. 78: 4761-4775, 2004). The same mutation was observed in another clone (clone E). This mutation attenuated the virus in 4-day-old suckling mice inoculated by the intracerebral (i.c.) route and led to reduced viremia in monkeys inoculated by the subcutaneous or i.c. route. The histopathology scores of lesions in the brain tissue of monkeys inoculated with either the E204K or E204R virus were reduced compared to those for monkeys inoculated with the reference virus, a commercial yellow fever 17D vaccine (YF-VAX). Both viruses grew to significantly lower titers than YF-VAX in HepG2, a human hepatoma cell line. After intrathoracic inoculation into mosquitoes, both viruses grew to a similar level as YF-VAX, which was significantly lower than that of their wild-type DEN1 parent virus. A comparison of the E-protein structures of nonmutant and mutant viruses suggested the appearance of new intramolecular bonds between residues 204R, 261H, and 257E in the mutant virus. These changes may be responsible for virus attenuation through a change in the pH threshold for virus envelope fusion with the host cell membrane.