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The Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) businesses operating within the energy sector are recognizing the increasing importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Many EPC companies and their clients have realized the benefits of applying AI to their businesses in order to reduce manual work, drive productivity, and streamline future operations of engineered installations in a highly competitive industry. The current AI market offers various solutions and services to support this industry, but organizations must understand how to acquire AI technology in the most beneficial way based on their business strategy and available resources. This paper presents a framework for EPC companies in their transformation towards AI. Our work is based on examples of project execution of AI-based products development at one of the biggest EPC contractors worldwide and on insights from EPC vendor companies already integrating AI into their engineering solutions. The paper covers the entire life cycle of building AI solutions, from initial business understanding to deployment and further evolution. The framework identifies how various factors influence the choice of approach toward AI project development within large international engineering corporations. By presenting a practical guide for optimal approach selection, this paper contributes to the research in AI project management and organizational strategies for integrating AI technology into businesses. The framework might also help engineering companies choose the optimum AI approach to create business value.

A shortcut-to-adiabatic protocol for the realization of a fast and high-fidelity controlled-phase gate in Rydberg atoms is developed. The adiabatic state transfer, driven in the high-blockade limit, is sped up by compensating nonadiabatic transitions via oscillating fields that mimic a counterdiabatic Hamiltonian. High fidelities are obtained in wide parameter regions. The implementation of the bare effective counterdiabatic field, without original adiabatic pulses, enables to bypass gate errors produced by the accumulation of blockade-dependent dynamical phases, making the protocol efficient also at low blockade values. As an application toward quantum algorithms, how the fidelity of the gate impacts the efficiency of a minimal quantum-error correction circuit is analyzed., Comment: Cover story of Annalen der Physik, Volume 535, Issue 12

In the Triangle-Free (Simple) 2-Matching problem we are given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$. Our goal is to compute a maximum-cardinality $M\subseteq E$ satisfying the following properties: (1) at most two edges of $M$ are incident on each node (i.e., $M$ is a 2-matching) and (2) $M$ does not induce any triangle. In his Ph.D. thesis from 1984, Harvitgsen presents a complex polynomial-time algorithm for this problem, with a very complex analysis. This result was never published in a journal nor reproved in a different way, to the best of our knowledge. In this paper we have a fresh look at this problem and present a simple PTAS for it based on local search. Our PTAS exploits the fact that, as long as the current solution is far enough from the optimum, there exists a short augmenting trail (similar to the maximum matching case)., Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures

We have discovered two epochs of activity on quasi-Hilda 2009 DQ118. Small bodies that display comet-like activity, such as active asteroids and active quasi-Hildas, are important for understanding the distribution of water and other volatiles throughout the solar system. Through our NASA Partner Citizen Science project, Active Asteroids, volunteers classified archival images of 2009 DQ118 as displaying comet-like activity. By performing an in-depth archival image search, we found over 20 images from UT 2016 March 8--9 with clear signs of a comet-like tail. We then carried out follow-up observations of 2009 DQ118 using the 3.5 m Astrophysical Research Consortium Telescope at Apache Point Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, USA and the 6.5 m Magellan Baade Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. These images revealed a second epoch of activity associated with the UT 2023 April 22 perihelion passage of 2009 DQ118. We performed photometric analysis of the tail and find that it had a similar apparent length and surface brightness during both epochs. We also explored the orbital history and future of 2009 DQ118 through dynamical simulations. These simulations show that 2009 DQ118 is currently a quasi-Hilda and that it frequently experiences close encounters with Jupiter. We find that 2009 DQ118 is currently on the boundary between asteroidal and cometary orbits. Additionally, it has likely been a Jupiter family comet or Centaur for much of the past 10 kyr and will be in these same regions for the majority of the next 10 kyr. Since both detected epochs of activity occurred near perihelion, the observed activity is consistent with sublimation of volatile ices. 2009 DQ118 is currently observable until ~mid-October 2023. Further observations would help to characterize the observed activity., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

We aim to interpret the radio emission of stellar bow shocks and assess under which conditions it could be either thermal or non-thermal, and how to use the observational data to infer their physical properties. We used an extended non-thermal emission model for stellar bow shocks for which we incorporated a consistent calculation of the thermal emission from the forward shock. We fitted this model to the available radio data, including largely unexplored data at low frequencies. In addition, we used a simplified one-zone model to estimate the gamma-ray emission from particles escaping the bow shocks. We can only explain the radio data from (BD+43{\deg}3654 and BD+60{\deg}2522) assuming a hard electron energy distribution below $\sim$1 GeV, a high efficiency of conversion of (shocked) wind kinetic power into relativistic electrons, and a relatively high magnetic-to-thermal pressure ratio. In the other systems, the interpretation of the observed flux density is ambiguous, although a non-thermal scenario is also favoured. We also show how complementary observations at other frequencies can allow us to place stronger constraints in the model. We also estimated the gamma-ray fluxes from the HII regions around the bow shocks of BD+43{\deg}3654 and BD+60{\deg}2522, and obtained luminosities at GeV energies of $\sim 10^{33}$~erg\,s$^{-1}$ and $10^{32}$~erg\,s$^{-1}$, respectively. Stellar bow shocks can potentially be very efficient particle accelerators. This work provides multi-wavelength predictions of their emission and demonstrates the key role of low-frequency radio observations in unveiling particle acceleration processes. The prospects of detections with next-generation observatories such as SKA and ngVLA are promising. Finally, BD+43{\deg}3654 may be detected in GeV in the near future, while bow shocks in general may turn out to be non-negligible sources of low-energy cosmic rays., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Section 2 of Astronomy and Astrophysics: Astrophysical processes

We present the characterisation of an inner mini-Neptune in a 9.2292005$\pm$0.0000063 day orbit and an outer mono-transiting sub-Saturn planet in a 95.50$^{+0.36}_{-0.25}$ day orbit around the moderately active, bright (mv=8.9 mag) K5V star TOI-2134. Based on our analysis of five sectors of TESS data, we determine the radii of TOI-2134b and c to be 2.69$\pm$0.16 R$_{e}$ for the inner planet and 7.27$\pm$0.42 R$_{e}$ for the outer one. We acquired 111 radial-velocity spectra with HARPS-N and 108 radial-velocity spectra with SOPHIE. After careful periodogram analysis, we derive masses for both planets via Gaussian Process regression: 9.13$^{+0.78}_{-0.76}$ M$_{e}$ for TOI-2134b and 41.86$^{+7.69}_{-7.83}$ M$_{e}$ for TOI-2134c. We analysed the photometric and radial-velocity data first separately, then jointly. The inner planet is a mini-Neptune with density consistent with either a water-world or a rocky core planet with a low-mass H/He envelope. The outer planet has a bulk density similar to Saturn's. The outer planet is derived to have a significant eccentricity of 0.67$^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$ from a combination of photometry and RVs. We compute the irradiation of TOI-2134c as 1.45$\pm$0.10 times the bolometric flux received by Earth, positioning it for part of its orbit in the habitable sone of its system. We recommend further RV observations to fully constrain the orbit of TOI-2134c. With an expected Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect amplitude of 7.2$\pm$1.3 m/s, we recommend TOI-2134c for follow-up RM analysis to study the spin-orbit architecture of the system. We calculate the Transmission Spectroscopy Metric, and both planets are suitable for bright-mode NIRCam atmospheric characterisation., Comment: 24 pages, 7 tables, 14 figures

The brain projects require the collection of massive electrophysiological data, aiming to the longitudinal, sectional, or populational neuroscience studies. Quality metrics automatically label the data after centralized preprocessing. However, although the waveforms-based metrics are partially useful, they may be unreliable by neglecting the spectral profiles. Here, we detected the phenomenon of parallel log spectra (PaLOS) that the scalp EEG power in the log scale were parallel to each other from 10% of 2549 HBN EEG. This phenomenon was reproduced in 8% of 412 PMDT EEG from 4 databases. We designed the PaLOS index (PaLOSi) to indicate this phenomenon by decomposing the cross-spectra at different frequencies into the common principal component spaces. We found that the PaLOS biophysically implied a prominently dominant dipole in the source space which was implausible for the resting EEG. And it may be practically resulted from excessive preprocessing. Compared with the 1966 normative EEG cross-spectra, the HBN and the PMDT EEG with PaLOS presented generally much higher electrode pairwise coherences and higher similarity of coherence-based network patterns, which went against the known frequency dependent characteristic of coherence networks. We suggest the PaLOSi should lay in the range of 0.4-0.7 for large resting EEG quality assurance.

Four-dimensional ultrasound imaging of complex biological systems such as the brain is technically challenging because of the spatiotemporal sampling requirements. We present computational ultrasound imaging (cUSi), a new imaging method that uses complex ultrasound fields that can be generated with simple hardware and a physical wave prediction model to alleviate the sampling constraints. cUSi allows for high-resolution four-dimensional imaging of brain haemodynamics in awake and anesthetized mice.

As evidenced by recent survey results, majority of asteroids are slow rotators (P>12 h), but lack spin and shape models due to selection bias. This bias is skewing our overall understanding of the spins, shapes, and sizes of asteroids, as well as of their other properties. Also, diameter determinations for large (>60km) and medium-sized asteroids (between 30 and 60 km) often vary by over 30% for multiple reasons. Our long-term project is focused on a few tens of slow rotators with periods of up to 60 hours. We aim to obtain their full light curves and reconstruct their spins and shapes. We also precisely scale the models, typically with an accuracy of a few percent. We used wide sets of dense light curves for spin and shape reconstructions via light-curve inversion. Precisely scaling them with thermal data was not possible here because of poor infrared data: large bodies are too bright for WISE mission. Therefore, we recently launched a campaign among stellar occultation observers, to scale these models and to verify the shape solutions, often allowing us to break the mirror pole ambiguity. The presented scheme resulted in shape models for 16 slow rotators, most of them for the first time. Fitting them to stellar occultations resolved previous inconsistencies in size determinations. For around half of the targets, this fitting also allowed us to identify a clearly preferred pole solution, thus removing the ambiguity inherent to light-curve inversion. We also address the influence of the uncertainty of the shape models on the derived diameters. Overall, our project has already provided reliable models for around 50 slow rotators. Such well-determined and scaled asteroid shapes will, e.g. constitute a solid basis for density determinations when coupled with mass information. Spin and shape models continue to fill the gaps caused by various biases., Comment: Accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics. 12 pages + appendices

Standardizing terminology to annotate electrophysiological events can improve both computational research and clinical care. Sharing data enriched with standard terms can facilitate data exploration, from case studies to mega-analyses. The machine readability of such electrophysiological event annotations is essential for performing analyses efficiently across software tools and packages. Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED) provide a framework for describing events in neuroscience experiments. HED library schemas extend the standard HED schema vocabulary to include specialized vocabularies, such as standardized clinical terms for electrophysiological events. The Standardized Computer-based Organized Reporting of EEG (SCORE) defines terms for annotating EEG events, including artifacts. This study developed a HED library schema for SCORE, making the terms machine-readable. We demonstrate that the HED-SCORE library schema can be used to annotate events in EEG data stored in the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS). Clinicians and researchers worldwide can now use the HED-SCORE library schema to annotate and compute on electrophysiological data obtained from the human brain., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Probabilistic numerical solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) treat the numerical simulation of dynamical systems as problems of Bayesian state estimation. Aside from producing posterior distributions over ODE solutions and thereby quantifying the numerical approximation error of the method itself, one less-often noted advantage of this formalism is the algorithmic flexibility gained by formulating numerical simulation in the framework of Bayesian filtering and smoothing. In this paper, we leverage this flexibility and build on the time-parallel formulation of iterated extended Kalman smoothers to formulate a parallel-in-time probabilistic numerical ODE solver. Instead of simulating the dynamical system sequentially in time, as done by current probabilistic solvers, the proposed method processes all time steps in parallel and thereby reduces the span cost from linear to logarithmic in the number of time steps. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a variety of ODEs and compare it to a range of both classic and probabilistic numerical ODE solvers.