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Experience of rural transformation in developed countries can greatly contribute to following the laws of rural development in China. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to propose some suggestions on the path of rural development under the uniqueness of Chinese rural areas. The process of rural transformation was also summarized to extract the common characteristics of rural development in developed countries. Literature and empirical analysis were made in this case. The results show that rural development in developed countries presented some common evolutionary characteristics, in terms of functional value, economic system, settlement space, social structure, and government policies. Specifically, the functional value of the rural was generally included in three stages: from the stage of the "productivism dominated by agricultural functions" to the "post productivism with the rapidly improved ecological and cultural functions", and finally to the stage of "urban and rural equivalence with coordinated development of multiple functions". There were some changes in the rural economic system. Specifically, the industry was dominated by the non-agricultural industry rather than agriculture. The business entities were small business owners, rather than farmers. The economic policies were focused on rural space management rather than agricultural subsidies. There was also a different social structure from the past. Social subjects were changed from the single to the collective. The social structure was changed from tightness to looseness. The social connections were changed from the closed to the open. The social values were changed from homogeneity to heterogeneity. Social management was changed from internal autonomy to external governance. Correspondingly, the overall scale of villages was reduced in terms of village changes, indicating the clustering of village layouts, the differentiation of village types, the hierarchies of villages, and the diversification of village spaces. More importantly, the rural policies were also keeping pace with the change of rural functions: the policy concept was the equalization of urban and rural areas, instead of the countryside serving the city; the policy content was focused on the comprehensive rural regional policies rather than single sectoral policies; the driving force was endogenous development, rather than just exogenous development; the implementation path was the multi-subject synergy rather than top-down. There was a significant difference in rural development, compared with developed countries. It infers that the individual farmers were the main body of rural development in China for a long time. In addition, there were still some difficulties over a long period of time, such as the urban-rural dual structure, single rural industry, the weak county economy, shortage of local jobs, deposited production factors, and hollow villages. The effective supply of food can be the primary and long-term task of rural construction, due to the national conditions of more people and less land. Meanwhile, there is the accelerated diversification of rural social mobility and the transformation of the spatial structure of settlements under the background environment of “new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization”. Worryingly, there are still institutional obstacles to narrowing the gap between the urban and rural areas for comprehensive rural revitalization. A comparison was made between the rural characteristics in China and developed countries. Some suggestions were proposed for the development of China's rural. 1) The concept of urban-rural equivalence needs to be established for the rural multi-function. 2) Food security should be ensured on the road of agricultural modernization on a moderate scale. 3) The rural secondary and tertiary industries should be introduced, the small towns and industrial parks should be developed as the growth poles. 4) The rural space should be optimized with the shrewd shrinkage theory, in order to promote the efficient use of land resources. 5) The local agricultural culture should be consolidated to protect, inherit, develop and utilize. 6) The mechanism and policy should be innovated to activate the rural endogenous power using a regional development policy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Medical Education Technology is the property of China Medical Education Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Steel Pipe is the property of Steel Pipe Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background--Forestry machinery has such problems as difficult promotion, low efficiency, insufficient production technology and so on. These problems need to be solved by innovation-driven development, meeting users' needs and other measures. It is of great practical significance to discuss the satisfaction of forestry machinery users. Methods--There are four main types of business entities of forestry production in China: farmers, professional cooperatives, companies and forest farms. In this paper, the Ordinal-logit model, junction tables and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate and analyse the satisfaction of forestry machinery of the former four types of users. The explained variable was user satisfaction, including purchase subsidy satisfaction, use satisfaction and after-sales service satisfaction, the explanatory variables were forestry machinery price, forestry machinery efficiency and users' demand degree of forestry machinery, and the control variables were mechanization rate of forestry area, mechanization rate of forestry production and types of forestry machinery. The data analyzed were from 469 valid questionnaires, of which 55.65% were from farmers, 20.47% were from companies, 19. 62% were from forest farms, and 4. 62% were from professional cooperatives. (3) Results--In the evaluation of purchase subsidy satisfaction of forestry machinery, the professional cooperatives users got the highest score, with a score of 4. 22. In the evaluation of use satisfaction and after-sales service satisfaction of forestry machinery, farmer users scored the highest, with the scores of 4. 00 and 3. 29 respectively. The forestry machinery price, the forestry machinery efficiency and the users' demand degree of forestry machinery had positive effects on users satisfaction, and the significance level was 1%. The types of forestry machinery users had no obvious effect on users satisfaction. The types of forestry machinery used by users and the mechanization rate of forestry production had no significant effect on users satisfaction. Conclusions and Discussions--The forestry machinery of users is mainly purchased through physical stores and government organizations in a unified manner, and more users choose to buy domestic forestry machinery. Users pay more attention to the price and productivity of forestry machinery. Farmers users, companies users, forest farms users and professional cooperatives users are relatively satisfied with the purchase subsidy, basically satisfied with the use of forestry machinery, and generally satisfied with the after-sales service. The high price of forestry machinery will increase users cost, weaken economic utility and reduce users satisfaction. The improvement of forestry machinery efficiency will enhance the economic utility of users, and the satisfaction degree of users' machinery demands will improve the utility of their non-economic factors. The high-quality development of forestry machinery industry should be oriented by users satisfaction, and a healthy development mechanism should be established from purchase to use and after-sales according to the whole lifecycle of forestry machinery products. First, optimize the purchase subsidy policy, raise the capital investment and subsidy of forestry machinery, create a good policy and market environment for machinery manufacturers and enterprises, and increase the market supply of forestry machinery. Second, pay attention to improve the quality and efficiency of forestry machinery products. The government can guide and support forestry machinery enterprises to improve production efficiency, increase R&D investment and enrich products types through the reward and compensation mechanisms so as to meet the actual purchase and consumption needs of users. Third, improve the socialization service system of forestry machinery enterprises. The government can guide forestry machinery enterprises to establish service and after-sales systems, support new types of business entities such as professional cooperatives, accelerate the specialization and high-quality of services of forestry machinery enterprises, achieve economies of scale, and form a virtuous cycle mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering is the property of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica is the property of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the accuracy of extreme learning machine (ELM) model in the prediction of slope stability in Gongchangling open- pit mine and effectively solve the problem of poor stability caused by the random connection weights and implicit layer bias of ELM model in the training process, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) based on random weight method is introduced to optimize, and the improved particle swarm optimization extreme learning machine (IPSO-ELM) model is proposed. The model is applied to the monitoring data of Gongchangling open-pitmine slope. Th e prediction results are compared with the prediction values of ELM model and PSO-ELM model. The results show that the prediction value of IPSO-ELM model is close to the measured value, the prediction accuracy is high, the prediction speed is fast, and the model construction is reasonable. It has high feasibility in the prediction of open-pit slope and can be used as a reference method for open-pit slope prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fundamental way of governing the country rests on the rule of law. However, the scope of research and practice concerning the 'dual carbon' goals mainly concentrates on policy pilots, carbon-related markets, green finance, industry regulation, low-carbon technology, new energy transformation, and other new fields, while the legal response to the goals is slightly lagging behind and remains an imperative task. Therefore, more importance should be attached to the rule of law than the technical aspects. Logical expression of the rule of law unlocks the legal response to the 'dual carbon' goals and should be examined from four dimensions of the rule of law, including its conceptual purpose, core contents, responsibility allocation, and operation mechanism. Specifically, the conceptual purpose should balance the relationship between environmental and economic development; the core contents should serve as the scientific framework of carbon-related public and private rights; the responsibility allocation should serve as the stabilizer of responsibilities among multiple carbon-related subjects; and the operation mechanism should serve as the overall interaction between carbon-related law enforcement and justice. The exact orientation of the legal response provides the basis for the 'dual carbon' goals, which should be carried out from four perspectives: legislative purpose, authority structure, responsibility subject, and interaction mechanism. Legislative purpose should be focused rather than decentralized, authority structure should be reasonably allocated rather than rigid, responsibility subject should be balanced and multiple rather than unitary, and a highly efficient interaction mechanism should be established rather than resorting to inefficient segments. Environmental justice is indispensable to the legal response to the 'dual carbon' goals, calling for specialized reform as the carrier of the path and the direction, so as to strengthen the power of justice to smoothly pave the way for the green and low-carbon transformation. To sum up, the innovation of the legal response to the 'dual carbon' goals entails a three-term strategy: in the short term, relevant legislative interpretation and judicial interpretation should be established to push the policies towards laws; in the middle term, the support of the Environmental Code should be used to boost the evolution of the systematization and codification of legal norms; and in the long term, a responsive rule of law model should be established to ensure substantive justice and achieve the ultimate goal of substantive rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Water Conservancy Science & Techonlogy & Economy is the property of Water Conservancy Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Garden Construction & Urban Planning is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Architectural Design & Research is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water Conservancy & Electric Power Technology & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to explore the effects of water-saving irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer reduction on the phosphorus utilization of rice and soil phosphorus balance in the black soil region of China. A field experiment was carried out in 2020 and 2021. Compared with the conventional flooding irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer application (CK, 45 kg/hm²), five phosphorus fertilizer application levels were set under water-saving irrigation mode (C): 0 kg/hm² (P0, no phosphorus fertilizer), 18 kg/hm² (P1, 60% phosphorus reduction), 27 kg/hm² (P2, 40% phosphorus reduction), 36 kg/hm² (P3, 20% phosphorus reduction), and 45 kg/hm2 (P4, conventional phosphorus application). The balance of soil phosphorus and the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate were calculated to determine the effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction in different levels on the phosphorus uptake by aboveground biomass, rice yield, and available phosphorus content in the soil layer under water-saving irrigation. The results showed that the content of available phosphorus in the surface soil of water-saving irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer reduction treatment after harvest in 2020 was significantly lower than that of the CK treatment (P<0.05). The available phosphorus content in the surface soil of CP3 treatment was significantly higher than that of the rest under water-saving irrigation (P<0.05) after the rice harvest in 2021. All phosphorus reduction treatments under the water-saving irrigation in 2021 were significantly improved the content of soil available phosphorus in the 20-40 cm soil layer (P<0.05). The phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground biomass of CP3 treatment in 2020 and 2021 was significantly higher than that of CP4 and CK treatment, which were 14.64 and 15.86 kg/hm², respectively (P<0.05). The phosphorus accumulation in each organ of the rice aboveground part was ranked in the order of the grain > stem and sheath > leaf. The phosphorus accumulation in the grain, stem, and sheath of CP3 treatment was significantly higher than that of the rest (P<0.05) in 2020 and 2021. The rice yield of the CP3 treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK treatment in 2020 and 2021 (P<0.05), the same as the CP4 treatment in 2021, whereas, there was no significant difference in 2020 (P>0.05). The rice yield of the CP3 treatment was the largest in the two-year experiment, which was significantly higher than that of the rest treatments (P<0.05). The two-year CP3 treatment had significantly improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer, as well as the agronomic utilization rate, indicating less surplus of soil phosphorus (P<0.05) in 2020 and 2021, compared with the conventional fertilization. Consequently, the 20% reduction of conventional phosphorus fertilizer application rate was optimal under water-saving irrigation in the black soil region. Therefore, the higher rice yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate can be achieved in the two-year experiment, particularly for the less surplus of soil phosphorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Based on the problem of final disposal of offshore water-based drilling cuttings, the feasibility of using water-based drilling cuttings as raw meterials to prepare cement clinker was studied. Methods The influences of different calcination temperature on the properties of the final products were investigated and the optimum preparation procedure were determined. Results Under the optimal preparation conditions (K H=O. 92, SM=2. 18, JM=l. 61, 950 'C for:30 m in and calcination temperture at l400 'C for 40 min), the propertie s of cement clinker can meet the requirements of the national standard GR 175-2007 Common Portland Cement (f-CaO< l %, 0. 76% of 0. 8 1-~μm si eve allowance, 1 68 min of initial setting time, 282 min of final setting time, and 45. 86 Ml'a o f 28 days compressive strength), and the leaching concentration of the heavy metal were lower than the safety limit of GR :30760-2014 Technical Specification for Coprocessing of Solid Waste in Cement Kiln. Conclusions The addition of water-based drilling cuttings can not only reduce the calcination tempenture of cement clinker, but also do not change the main mineral phases of cement clinker. This can povide reliable solution to re-use the water-based drilling cuttings from offshore oil and gas fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Science & Technology is the property of Electronic Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Geomechanics is the property of Journal of Geomechanics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rhein was determined by standard microdilution method, and crystal violet staining method was used to investigate the intervention of rhein on the biofilm formation of S. xylosus. The S. xylosus of glutaminase deletion strains and the imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase deletion strains were used as the research object to measure the effect of different subinhibitory concentrations of rhein on the biofilm formation ability of each strain and to investigate the effects of drugs on the biofilm formation ability of bacteria at different biofilm formation stages. The experimental data were analyzed to explore the mechanism of rhein on biofilm formation of S. xylosus. The MIC of rhein on S. xylosus was 64 mg/L. The subinhibitory concentration of rhein could inhibit the biofilm formation of S. xylosus, and the inhibitory effect was better with the increase of rhein concentration. With S. xylosus as reference, the ability of forming biofilm of glutaminase deletion strains and imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase deletion strains decreased extremely (P<0.01), the inhibition rate of glutaminase deletion strains in each subinhibitory concentration of rhein was significantly decreased, and the inhibition rate of imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase deletion strains was significantly decreased in low concentration of rhein. The intervention of rhein on the biofilm of S. xylosus was mainly at 6 h and 12 h, and the inhibition time of glutaminase was also at 6 h and 12 h. The experiment indicates that the subinhibitory concentration of rhein can significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of S. xylosus. Rhein inhibits the formation of S. xylosus biofilm is the result of the intervention of biofilm by multiple targets, including glutaminase and imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase, which play an intervention role. The intervention period of rhein on biofilm formation is in the early stage of biofilm formation, which may play a role in biofilm formation by inhibiting bacterial adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education is the property of Shoudu Tiyu Xueyuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)