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1 Název diplomové práce, abstrakt a klíčová slova v anglickém jazyce Title of the thesis: Lease of real estates from the perspective of mandatory payments Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis was mainly to describe the mandatory payments connected with the lease of real estates according to the legal regulation of the Czech Republic. The thesis works with the term lease defined by the author for the purposes of this writing not in relation to the contract type but to the extent of the resulting license to use the real estates. Mandatory payments are identified in the strict sense of the term (personal and corporate income tax and value added tax), public insurance (social security and public health insurance) and local fees relevant to the lease of real estate. In this thesis, the institutes of lease, accommodation / temporary lease borrowing, tenure, informal lease, servitude, chief rent and right of building are described in detail from the civil law point of view and they are assigned specific tax obligations. In terms of absolute property rights, the institutes of pledge and lien and the management of foreign assets, including the trust fund, do not meet the established definition of lease of real estates. A separate chapter discusses the phenomenon of shared economy in the area of short-term...

The "HYDRUS package for MODFLOW" is an existing MODFLOW package that allows MODFLOW to simultaneously evaluate transient water flow in both unsaturated and saturated zones. The package is based on incorporating parts of the HYDRUS-1D model (to simulate unsaturated water flow in the vadose zone) into MODFLOW (to simulate saturated groundwater flow). The coupled model is effective in addressing spatially variable saturated-unsaturated hydrological processes at the regional scale. However, one of the major limitations of this coupled model is that it does not have the capability to simulate solute transport along with water flow and therefore, the model cannot be employed for evaluating groundwater contamination. In this work, a modified unsaturated flow and transport package (modified HYDRUS package for MODFLOW and MT3DMS) has been developed and linked to the three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow model MODFLOW and the 3D groundwater solute transport model MT3DMS. The new package can simulate, in addition to water flow in the vadose zone, also solute transport involving many biogeochemical processes and reactions, including first-order degradation, volatilization, linear or nonlinear sorption, one-site kinetic sorption, two-site sorption, and two-kinetic sites sorption. Due to complex interactions at the groundwater table, certain modifications of the pressure head (compared to the original coupling) and solute concentration profiles were incorporated into the modified HYDRUS package. The performance of the newly developed model is evaluated using HYDRUS (2D/3D), and the results indicate that the new model is effective in simulating the movement of water and contaminants in the saturated-unsaturated flow domains.

Controlled experiments and modeling are crucial components in the evaluation of the fate of water and solutes in environmental and agricultural research. Lysimeters are commonly used to determine water and solute balances and assist in making sustainable decisions with respect to soil reclamation, fertilization, or irrigation with low-quality water. While models are cost-effective tools for estimating and preventing environmental damage by agricultural activities, their value is highly dependent on the accuracy of their parameterization, often determined by calibration. The main objective of this study was to use measured major ion concentrations collected from drip-irrigated lysimeters to calibrate the variably saturated water flow model HYDRUS (2D/3D) coupled with the reactive transport model UNSATCHEM. Irrigation alternated between desalinated and brackish waters. Lysimeter drainage and soil solution samples were collected for chemical analysis and used to calibrate the model. A second objective was to demonstrate the potential use of the calibrated model to evaluate lower boundary design options of lysimeters with respect to leaching fractions determined using drainage water fluxes, chloride concentrations, and overall salinity of drainage water, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the profile. The model showed that, in the long term, leaching fractions calculated with electrical conductivity values would be affected by the lower boundary condition pressure head, while those calculated with chloride concentrations and water fluxes would not be affected. In addition, clear dissimilarities in ESP profiles were found between lysimeters with different lower boundary conditions, suggesting a potential influence on hydraulic conductivities and flow patterns.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to study the role of posttranslational modifications of phosducin and their role in the interaction with the 14-3-3 protein as well as the influence of the complex formation on these modifications. Phosducin is a 33kDa protein commonly present in photoreceptor cells of the retina as well as other tissues. Despite many experiments, its physiological functions are still elusive. It has been speculated that fosducin plays an important regulatory role in visual phototransduction pathway, regulation of blood pressure and expression of G-proteins. The phosducin function is regulated through binding to the 14-3-3 protein, a regulatory protein involved in many biochemical processes. Phosducins binding to 14-3-3 protein requires phosphorylation of two serine residues Ser-54 and Ser-73 within the N-terminal domain of phosducin. However, the role of the 14-3-3 protein binding in the regulation of phosducin function is still unclear. In this diploma thesis proteins 14-3-3ζ∆C and phosducin (mutation Q52K) were successfully expressed and purified. The effect of the complex formation on phosducin posttranslational modifications was investigated using limited proteolysis and dephosphorylation. These experiments revealed that the complex formation significantly slowed down both...