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A number of empirical studies assert that interest rates are governed by unit root processes rejecting any form of reversion to a long term mean by resorting to certain tests, among which the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) is the most widely used one. In this study, we propose an alternative testing methodology that can be applied along with ADF test, in the sense that there are times where it can capture stationarity when the other fails to do so. Moreover, our test has more power than ADF test. As an application to real-data, we consider 10-year US and Turkish T-bond rates.

Abstract In this paper, we study Joule–Thomson expansion for Kerr–AdS black holes in the extended phase space. A Joule–Thomson expansion formula of Kerr–AdS black holes is derived. We investigate both isenthalpic and numerical inversion curves in the T–P plane and demonstrate the cooling–heating regions for Kerr–AdS black holes. We also calculate the ratio between minimum inversion and critical temperatures for Kerr–AdS black holes.

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, using social network sites (SNSs) has grown and become an integral part of daily routine for adolescents. As known, ADHD is a major public health problem for all addiction types, including the Internet and SNSs addiction. Our aim was to examine the effect of ADHD, impulsivity types, using motivations, internalizing and externalizing symptoms on Facebook (FB) overuse and FB addiction among adolescents. METHODS: Participants were recruited from ADHD and non-ADHD adolescents who were applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry and have an active FB account. We used FB Use and Motivations Form, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Bergen FB Addiction Scale (BFAS) and Conners-Wells’ Adolescent Self-Report Scale-Long form (CASS:L). RESULTS: Our results indicated that ADHD adolescents have more fake FB accounts, have their own accounts for longer time, are using FB for more motivation types and FB overuse is more frequent than in non-ADHD counterparts. According to the degree of FB use, we have shown that adolescents with FB overuse behaviour have more externalizing symptoms and have higher CASS:L and Barrat impulsivity scores than others. Risk factors for FB overuse are: having a fake FB account and having higher ADHD index scores; risk factors for FB addiction are: higher attentional impulsivity, higher conduct problems scores and higher ADHD index scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have improved our understanding about the risk factors of a new behavioural addiction type among adolescents.

Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are congenital abnormalities. They are mostly marked by epileptic seizures and shown in epileptogenesis. Stereotactic radiosurgery (RS), microsurgical resection, endoscopic disconnection, and stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation are considered as treatment options. Here we present a case of a patient with HH who was treated by CyberKnife RS and had a fatal course.

Abdominal lymphangioma is a rare presentation of abdominal cystic lesions. They generally arise from small bowel mesentery. Migration of abdominal masses is an uncommon entity and usually occurs due to gossypiboma. There have been many reports of the radiologic appearance and unusual complications of mesenteric lymphangioma. However, to our knowledge, migration of mesenteric lymphangioma has not been reported in the literature. We present imaging findings of migrated-mesenteric lymphangioma from the intrauterine to postnatal period with histopathological correlation.

Bronchongenic cysts, a common bronchopulmonary malformation, are benign lesions that develop as a result of abnormal budding during the embryonic phase. They are usually located in the trachea, and the main bronchi or in the mediastinum around the esophagus. However 15-20% of them may be located in the lung parenchyma, mainly in the lower lobes. Although some of these cysts are asymptomatic, they might cause symptoms due to pressure on the respiratory tract or repeating infections. Bronchongenic cysts are usually found incidentally in routine lung graphics and they appear as well-defined, non-calsified, oval or round, homogeneous densities close to the main airway. It is treated via surgical excision. In this article, we present the case of a 15-year-old patient with symptoms of repeating lung infection and chronic cough. Thoracic CT revealed atypical radiological cavitary lesion located in the upper lobe of the left lung; bronchoscopy showed an increase in the diameter of the lingular segment bronchus in the left upper lobe extending directly to the cavity and the surgical pathology reports identified bronchongenic cysts.

İçme suyu şebekelerinde meydana gelen arızalara müdahale edilmesi önemli bir karar alma problemidir. Şebeke arızalarına hiç beklenmeyecek bir şekilde müdahale edilmesi amaçlanırsa çok sayıda ekibin istihdam edilmesi gerekir. Ekip sayısının düşük tutulması durumunda ise arızalara müdahale süresi çok uzayacak ve arızaların yol açtığı işletme maliyeti önemli boyutlara ulaşacaktır. Arıza sıklığının mevsimsel değişim göstermesi problemin çözümünü daha da zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada içme suyu dağıtım sistemlerindeki arızalara müdahale probleminin çözümü için Diferansiyel Gelişim Algoritması ile en iyileme yapan bir karar destek sistemi önerilmiştir. Bunun için Malatya Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi (MASKİ) hizmet alanında bulunan su dağıtım sistemine ait geçmişte gözlenmiş arıza kayıtlarından yararlanılmıştır. Geçmiş yıllarda gerçekleşen arıza sayılarından yola çıkarak gelecek yıllarda gerçekleşmesi beklenen arıza sayıları regresyon ile tahmin edilmiştir. Şebekenin gelecekteki durumu modellenip arıza sayıları tespit edilerek onarım ekiplerinin müdahale edebileceği arıza sayısından yararlanarak arıza ihbarlarının bekleme süreleri belirlenmiştir. Gerekli ekip sayıları arızanın yol açtığı maliyetlerinin ve personel giderlerinin toplamı en az olacak şekilde Diferansiyel Gelişim Algoritması ile belirlenmiştir. Bu sayede gelecekte olması muhtemel arızaların en düşük maliyetle çözülebilmesi için istihdam edilmesi gereken ekip sayıları tahmin edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada içme suyu şebekelerinde görülen arızalara en düşük işletme maliyeti ile müdahale edilebilmesi için bir karar destek uygulaması geliştirilmiştir. Karar destek sisteminin uygulanması ile arıza müdahale maliyetlerinde önemli tasarrufların sağlanabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu sistemi kullanan yerel yönetimler hem mevcut ekiplerinin dağılımını en uygun biçimde düzenleyip işletme maliyetlerinde tasarrufa gidebilirler hem de gelecekte ihtiyaç duyacakları personel sayılarını belirleyip daha verimli istihdam politikaları uygulayabileceklerdir.

In this study, naturally infected by Gallid Herpesvirus type-1 in laying hens to be diagnosed by pathological and PCR methods. Sixty pieces of hens were collected in coops from Central Anatolia region. After necropsy, routine pathological processes were applied to the trachea/ larynx, sinuses, lungs and air sacs. All organs were also stained by immunoperoxidase method, and PCR methods were applied to formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. Immunohistochemically, the positivities were seen in trachea/larynx (78.3%), sinuses (61.6%), lungs (45%) and air sacs (50%). Positive reactions were observed, in mucous and gland epithelia especially located at intracytoplasmic and rarely intranuclear. PCR positivity was observed in the trachea/larynx in 15 (25%) cases, in infraorbital sinus in 11 (18.3%) cases, in lungs in 8 (13.3%) cases and in air sacs in 6 (10%) cases following the tests performed. Following these results, it is easily concluded that histopathology and immunoperoxidase method can usable for diagnosing of the ILT. However, PCR results made by FFPE tissues showed that this method is not adequate to diagnose the ILT alone.

Hemolysis and jaundice related to Rh incompatibility in the neonatal period has decreased substantially due to the widespread use of anti-D gammaglobulin in recent years. Nevertheless, the rate of subgroup mismatch in the etiology of hemolytic diseases of the newborn has increased significantly. In this article an 8-day-old newborn infant with “c” subgroup incompatibility and presenting with severe anemia, in whom hemolysis could be controlled with intravenous immunoglobulin infusion and subgroup appropriate blood transfusion, has been presented. Scientific studies have demonstrated that the hemolytic disease of patients who don’t have major blood group incompatibility but carry anti-C antibodies can be rather serious. Therefore, subgroup mismatch should always be kept in mind for newborns presenting with severe hemolytic anemia, and transfusion or if necessary exchange transfusion should be provided with subgroup matched blood products.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and responsible for 1.6 million deaths per year through world-wide. Surgical resection with negative margin combined with the adjuvant therapy [except for stage IA and IB (

Cracks occurred in main deck structure around openings due to pipe penetrations, deckhouses and supports for various equipments have created a major problem and mainly related to the vessels with made of high strength steel material in deck and most frequently found on oil tankers used by buoy loading. This paper will show typical cracks and give guidance on modifications of existing details and examples of good design, where the examples of defects are used from Classification Societies’ feedbacks in hull in operation phase. Any discontinuity or opening in deck as well as attachments to deck has been a problem for years and experience shows that it is difficult to find 100% solutions. The purpose of this paper is therefore not to guarantee perfect solutions but is a selection of good solutions that has proved to be better than most. To avoid cracks in deck completely is not guaranteed and is probably not possible.This paper aims to address with a particular attention on oil tankers but will also be relevant to other vessel types including ship-shaped floating offshore structures such as FSO (Floating Storage Offloading), FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading), FLNG (Floating Liquefied Natural Gas) and drill-ships.

Objective: Although it has been suggested that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in children who were abused and that ADHD can be a risk factor for abuse itself, there are very few studies which investigated whether adult ADHD is associated with childhood abuse and neglect. The aim of this study was to fill this gap in the literature. Method: Seventy adults with DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis and 70 healthy control subjects were included in the study. We used Adult ADHD Self Rating Scale (ASRS) and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) to support the diagnosis. All subjects were assessed using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Scale, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Results: ADHD subjects had higher ASRS inattentiveness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, WURS, and Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90) General Symptom Index scores than controls. ADHD group also had higher PCL, DES and ACE scores. In CTQ, ADHD subjects had higher emotional abuse and neglect scores than control subjects. ASRS and WURS scores were correlated with PCL, ACE, CTQ Emotional Abuse, and DES scores; WURS score was also correlated with CTQ Physical Abuse and Neglect scores. Regression analysis indicated that general level of psychopathology was most significantly associated with DES and PCL scores. Conclusions: Results suggested that ADHD cases were more commonly exposed to emotional abuse and neglect. They had significantly more dissociative experiences and reported Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms more frequently. The results pointed to the importance of childhood traumatic and adverse experiences in adults with ADHD.

Abstract Background Recent studies have demonstrated that immune factors might have a role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inappropriate glycemic control in patients with T2DM is an important risk factor for the occurrence of diabetes complications. The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) is high in type 1 diabetes mellitus however, there are scarce data about its prevalence in T2DM. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease among insulin-using type 2 diabetes patients with inappropriate glycemic control. Methods IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA IgA) test was performed as a screening test. A total of 135 patients with T2DM whose control of glycemia is inappropriate (HbAlc value >7%) in spite of using insulin treatment for at least 3-months (only insulin or insulin with oral antidiabetic drugs) and 115 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal biopsy was performed to all patients with raised tTGA IgA or selective lgA deficiency. Results Gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and tTGA IgA, kreatinin, calcium, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, 25-OH vitamin D3 levels were similar between groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, urea, sodium, HbA1c, LDL-C, triglyceride, vitamin B12 levels were significantly higher in DM group (p

ABSTRACT Objective This study was designed to compare the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) among patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy pregnant women, and to evaluate the association between hormonal and metabolic parameters. Subjects and methods A total of 82 pregnant women were consecutively enrolled in the study. Of these, 46 were diagnosed as having GDM; the remaining 36 healthy pregnant women served as controls in a cross-sectional study design. The womens’ ages ranged from 22 to 38 years and gestational ages, from 24 to 28 weeks. Serum samples were analyzed for FGF23 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum FGF23 levels were increased in patients with GDM compared with controls (median, 65.3 for patients with GDM vs. 36.6 ng/mL for healthy controls; p = 0.019). Mean fasting glucose (105.6 ± 7.4 vs. 70.2 ± 7.2 mg/dL, p < 0.001), HbA1c (5.6 ± 0.5 vs. 4.9 ± 0.5%, p < 0.001), insulin (median, 11.1 vs. 8.7 µIU/mL, p = 0.006) and HOMA-IR (3.0 (1.8) vs 1.4 (0.6), p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in patients with GDM than in controls. Serum FGF23 level was positively correlated with body mass index (r2 = 0.346, p < 0.05), FPG (r2 = 0.264, p < 0.05), insulin (r2 = 0.388, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (r2 = 0.384, p < 0.05). Conclusion Serum FGF23 levels were higher in women with GDM compared with controls. The present findings suggest that FGF23 could be a useful marker of cardiovascular disease in GDM.

Aim: Although prophylactic antibiotic treatment is still debatable, it is currently in use in recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). In the present study, we aimed to observe if prophylactic antibiotic use had any effect on the development of antibiotic resistance in patients with recurrent UTIs who we followed up in our clinic. Methods: The present study was performed on patients aged between one month and 16 years, who had recurrent UTIs, and were followed up by the Department of Pediatrics at Bülent Ecevit University Medical School. Patient files were retrospectively reviewed, and 50 patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis and 100 patients without prophylaxis were enrolled in the study. Urinary tests, subsequent urinary culture results, and antibiotic resistances were compared between the groups. Results: The mean age was 42.7±44.2 months. The most frequently cultured isolated bacterium was Escherichia coli (E. coli) (58.4%). No difference was determined in bacteria in cultures between prophylaxis receivers and non-receivers. Isolation rate of E. coli was higher in urinary cultures in females than in males (p

Abstract Background Although, glucocorticoid (GC) and calcitonin-induced changes in bone repair have been studied previously, the exact effects of these on fracture healing remain controversial. Hence, the purpose of this experimental study is to determine biochemical and histological effects of locally administrated GC and systemically administrated calcitonin on the kinetics of healing response after bone marrow ablation in rats. Methods After having undergone marrow ablation, a steroid-treated group of rats (n = 24) received a single dose of intramedullary methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg), a calcitonin-treated group (n = 24) received intermittently administrated subcutaneous salmon calcitonin (16 IU/kg), and a control group (n = 24) received intramedullary saline (25 μl). Results Blood samples taken on days 1, 3, 7, 9, and 15 after ablation showed an increase in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phosphate levels in the Calcitonin and Control groups. Levels of calcium and ALP peaked on day 7 after ablation. However, an increase in phosphate levels indicated a biphasic reaction that peaked on the third and ninth day after ablation. Hypercalcemia was not observed in Steroid group because of the inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption. In that group, the serum levels of ALP and phosphate were lower than baseline levels. The levels of urinary calcium excretion peaked 3 to 7 days after marrow ablation in the control group and 7 to 9 days after that procedure in the steroid group. Histologic evaluation showed that the rats in the control group demonstrated the expected healing period according to the histological grades and that a delay in healing occurred in the calcitonin group after day 9 because of the inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption. All rats in the steroid group exhibited a decrease and delayed healing response. Conclusion Total serum calcium, phosphate, and ALP levels increased after bilateral tibial bone marrow ablation and urine calcium and hydroxyproline excretion also increased as a factor of bone resorption. Subcutaneously administrated salmon calcitonin did not affect biochemical changes after marrow ablation. Single-dose intramedullary methylprednisolone inhibited extra-tibial bone resorption induced by cytokines after bone marrow ablation.

Violence is probably the most discussed effect of television. 61% of the children programs contain violence. The amount of violence in the cartoons is higher. There is a relation between the violence on television and children’s violent behavior. Previous studies show that, children learn and attempt the positive and negative behaviors they see on TV. Children look at the television from the perspective of a researcher and try to make sense of what they watch. Their interest is generally in characters, rapid change of scenes and violence. The frequent use of violent elements in cartoons, which are broadcasted on Kids TV channels in Turkey, brings serious risks to the children of our country. Children who are affected by violence in the media are afraid and worried that they may also be victims of violence. For such children, the following tendencies increase: frequency of crying, aggression tendency, sleeping disorders, decrease in self-esteem, attention focusing problems and depression

Urea cycle disorders are a group of diseases associated with hyperammonemia, which causes severe neurological sequelae, seizures and psychomotor retardation. In this study, six newborn cases diagnosed between 2010-2014 as citrullinemia Type I (four cases) and argininosuccinic aciduria (two cases) are presented in terms of clinical course and treatment responses.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent neurodegenerative process in old age. Accumulation and aggregation of the lipid-binding SNARE complex component α-synuclein (SNCA) underlies this vulnerability and defines stages of disease progression. Determinants of SNCA levels and mechanisms of SNCA neurotoxicity have been intensely investigated. In view of the physiological roles of SNCA in blood to modulate vesicle release, we studied blood samples from a new large pedigree with SNCA gene duplication (PARK4 mutation) to identify effects of SNCA gain of function as potential disease biomarkers. Downregulation of complexin 1 (CPLX1) mRNA was correlated with genotype, but the expression of other Parkinson's disease genes was not. In global RNA-seq profiling of blood from presymptomatic PARK4 indviduals, bioinformatics detected significant upregulations for platelet activation, hemostasis, lipoproteins, endocytosis, lysosome, cytokine, Toll-like receptor signaling and extracellular pathways. In PARK4 platelets, stimulus-triggered degranulation was impaired. Strong SPP1, GZMH and PLTP mRNA upregulations were validated in PARK4. When analysing individuals with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, the most specific known prodromal stage of general PD, only blood CPLX1 levels were altered. Validation experiments confirmed an inverse mutual regulation of SNCA and CPLX1 mRNA levels. In the 3′-UTR of the CPLX1 gene we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism that is significantly associated with PD risk. In summary, our data define CPLX1 as a PD risk factor and provide functional insights into the role and regulation of blood SNCA levels. The new blood biomarkers of PARK4 in this Turkish family might become useful for PD prediction.

In this study, the effect of Fe and B elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Stellite 6 superalloy materials produced from elemental powders by powder metallurgy (P/M) technique was investigated. Powder mixtures contained different Fe and B content were prepared from high purity elemental powders. The prepared powder mixtures were shaped by P/M method and then sintered at various temperatures. The success of sintering operations was determined by density measurements. Microstructural characterization was carried out with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Microhardness measurements were conducted for to characterize mechanical properties. Due to large particle size of the used Cr powder coarse carbides formed in the microstructure of Stellite 6 samples. Relative density values increased slightly with B addition. Relative density was increased dramatically by the addition of Fe element with B.

Introduction: Termination of Pregnancy (ToP) is an obstetric procedure that can be performed by surgical or medical techniques during the first or second trimester of pregnancy. Medical ToP is recommended in the second trimester owing to its low rate of maternal morbidity. Low-dose misoprostol is an effective option in such cases. Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of two different vaginal misoprostol regimens for ToP in the second trimester in women with previous Caesarean Deliveries (CDs), against controls. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a university hospital, between January 2005 to December 2014. The study cohort was divided into two groups: history of CD (Group I, n=85) and control (Group II, n=434). The method used for ToP was chosen with respect to history of CD. Four doses of 50 μg misoprostol and 4 doses of 200 μg misoprostol were applied vaginally each day, until regular uterine contractions were observed, to Groups I and II, respectively. Indication of ToP, gestational age at the ToP (weeks), duration from induction to abortion (hours), total misoprostol dose (µg), foetal weight (gram), post-abortion hospitalisation time (day), and any complications were recorded. The Chi-square or Fisher’s-Exact test was used for qualitative data, and the Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test was used for quantitative data. The p

Introduction In the last decade, outpatient smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) in Turkey have been extended countrywide. Initially, only counseling was covered under health insurance. In 2011 and 2015, free varenicline and bupropion preparations were distributed to SCCs, periodically. In the current study we aimed to compare outcomes between the free and paid medication periods. Methods Patients applied to the local SCC in a secondary health care unit between June 2014 and June 2017. They were evaluated for SC interventions and had phone visits after their third month; these records were included in the study. Patients were grouped and evaluated according to medication’s reimbursement status: free medication period (FP) and paid medication period (PMP). Results In total, 733 patients applied to the SCC, 77.7% of them had applied during the FP. Analyses were made involving 417 patients who had records of third-month phone visit. Mean age of the patients was 44.0±13.7 years with the majority of patients (65%) being male. Sociodemographic characteristics of patients in both groups were not statistically different, while the percentage of patients with comorbid diseases was lower in the FP group (p

Colchicine intoxication is a rare, but potentially life-threatening, toxicologic emergency. Colchicine is a unique drug that is largely effective in treatment of several diseases. A 17- year old female patient was admitted to intensive care unit 12 hours after taking 25 mg colchicine. Serious complications were not encountered during the follow up period. In this case we aimed to discuss the clinical features and outcomes of the colchicine intoxication. [Med-Science 2016; 5(3.000): 851-6]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the radiopacities of four different root canal sealers and gutta-percha. MATERIALS AND METHOD: AH Plus, iRootSP, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex as root canal sealers and gutta-percha cones were tested. Standardized discs of the root canal sealers and the gutta-percha were prepared. Digital radiographs of the discs and an aluminum penetrometer were obtained by using a phosphor plate. The radiographic density of the sealers and the gutta-percha were measured by using the digital radiographic system’s own measurement tool, and equivalent aluminum thicknesses were determined by using an image editing software. Differences among radiopacities of the root canal sealers and the gutta-percha were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. RESULTS: Aluminum thickness equivalents of the radiopacity values of the samples, in descending order, were: AH Plus, Sealapex, iRootSP, MTA Fillapex and gutta-percha. No significant difference was found between the radiopacity values of AH Plus and Sealapex (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences between these two groups (AH Plus and Sealapex) and all other experimental groups (p

Ganglion cysts usually originate from vertebral facet joints in the spine and they are often located dorsal portion of the facet so usually asymptomatic. In this case, we report a 60 year-old woman presented with suddenly developed lower back pain and right leg foot-drop. Lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging re¬vealed a large cystic lesion at L5 body level. The cystic lesion removed with standart microsurgical method. The histopathological findings were consistent with ganglion cyst. To our knowledge, this is the first report, the cause of foot-drop in a patient with ganglion cyst without any bleeding in the spine. [Med-Science 2016; 5(1.000): 253-7]

Postintubation Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a rare complication. Acquired TEF most commonly occurred following prolonged mechanical ventilation with an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube, cuff-related tracheal injury, post-intubation injury. We present a case of both tracheomegaly and tracheosephagial fistula following mechanical ventilation for 15 days, in the light of the literature.

Chilaiditi’s sign is the anatomical description of the interposition of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm; when it is accompanied with clinical symptoms, it is known as Chilaiditi’s syndrome. Most commonly, it is an asymptomatic radiological finding and is considered a rare entity, and therefore, it is often misdiagnosed in clinical practice; however, it may be accompanied by a series of severe complications. Here we report a patient with Chilaiditi’s syndrome, owing to its rarity, and the typical radiological findings of this syndrome. A 22-year-old female was admitted to the hospital, presenting with a 2-day history of nausea and worsening right upper quadrant pain. Vital signs were stable. The physical examination revealed a soft abdomen with mild right upper abdominal tenderness. Laboratory assays showed no abnormalities. A plain abdominal X-ray showed an abnormal gas shadow in the subhepatic space and a segment of gaseous distended colon. A computarized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed a loop of colon interpositioned between the liver and the right hemidiaphragm, mimicking free air. The patient consulted with a general surgery physician, and was admitted to the general surgery service to follow up on treatment and operation, if indicated. The patient was managed conservatively. During the course of her hospital stay, her abdominal pain resolved without surgical intervention. She was then able to tolerate a regular diet, and was discharged after two days of hospital stay. Although Chilaiditi’s syndrome is not common, it is important, and can be easily mistaken for pneumoperitoneum. Most of the cases with Chilaiditi’s syndrome can be resolved with nasogastric decompression and repeated laxatives. Surgical intervention is reserved for patients with signs of systemic toxicity or peritonitis. Owing to the rarity of this syndrome and its typical radiological findings, we aimed to present this case.

Pneumorrhachis is a rare phenomenon which may be caused by trauma, intracraneal infection, pneumomediastinum or iatrogenic factors. Presence of air in the spinal canal is reported in most cases. In this article, we report a case with PR in the spinal canal without any neurological deficit, which developed secondary to subcutaneous emphysema.

This is the first study to investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid cancer in Turkey. A total of 165 patients with papillary thyroid cancer and 172 controls were included in this case–control study. VDR gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), and TaqI (rs731236) were evaluated using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. VDR gene polymorphisms BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI did not differ between the papillary thyroid cancer group and control group (p > 0.05, each). BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI were not associated with papillary thyroid cancer risk. The VDR gene FokI CT/TT genotype was associated with an increased papillary thyroid cancer risk (CT vs CC: odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.15–2.76, p = 0.028; TT vs CC: odds ratio = 2.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.29–4.62, p = 0.005; CT/TT vs CC: odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–2.96, p = 0.006; CT/CC vs TT: odds ratio = 1.80, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–3.20, p = 0.041). VDR gene polymorphisms were not in linkage disequilibrium. The FokI TT genotype was associated with having T3 and T4, stage III/IV, extra-thyroidal invasion. The FokI CT/TT or TT genotype was associated with developing N1 status, multifocality, tumor size ≥10 mm, and treatment with radioiodine therapy. Persistence/recurrence did not differ between the FokI genotypes. Carriers of the FokI T allele were at an increased risk of more advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage, greater tumor size, multifocality, and extra-thyroidal invasion of papillary thyroid cancer compared with the CC genotype. VDR gene FokI T allele and TT genotype correlated with aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer; thus, FokI could be useful as a poor prognostic factor to assess the high risk of papillary thyroid cancer.

Background and aim Despite the strict anti-tobacco policies, smoking is still a major preventable public health problem in Turkey. We aimed to evaluate the smoking status of university students and the influencing factors of their smoking according to both gender. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted between Mach 2017 and June 2017 at an university located in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Among all students who had been reached and agreed to participate the study were included. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Results Totally 2505 students’ data were evaluated with a mean age of 20.8±2.5 and female dominance (58.9%). Overall current smoking rate of the students was 27.9%; 15.3% among females and 46.0% among males, additionally, the rate of ever smokers was 60.7%; 51.9% among females, 73.4% among males (p

Introduction Previous studies have shown that adherence to treatment is fundamental to success in smoking cessation. However, smoking cessation medication regimens are limited significantly by the struggle to adhere to them. This study was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with treatment adherence and quitting success in a group of patients that applied to our smoking cessation outpatient clinic (SCC). Methods Patients that applied to SCC between April 2015 and December 2016 who were evaluated, found suitable for smoking cessation interventions and started pharmacological treatment were included in this study. Only those who could be reached by phone three months after their first application became participants. Those who had used the prescribed treatment for at least 30 days were grouped as treatment-adherent. Results In total, data for 346 patients were evaluated. Mean (±SD) age was 44.3±13.9 years; most of them were male (63%), primary school graduated (36.1%), self-employed (43.7%), and had no comorbid diseases (71%). Bupropion was started in 52% of the patients, that rate was 35.8% for varenicline and 12.1% for a combination of the nicotine patch and gum. Mean days for treatment use was 20.9±18.5; 59% of the patients were non-adherent to their treatment and 51.7% had only one control visit number. Adverse reactions due to treatment were recorded in 25% of participants, and at their third month 37.9% of them had quit smoking. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increase in control visit number, absence of adverse reaction, and varenicline use, were each associated with higher treatment adherence (p

Introduction Even though smoking is a major reason for the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-and quitting smoking is the only way to stop its progression-a significant number of smokers still continue to smoke after being diagnosed with COPD. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and demographic characteristics of COPD patients who are current and former smokers and to find factors associated with their current smoking status. Methods For this study, data were collected between June 2015 and August 2016; COPD patients who had been regularly visiting Hopa State Hospital’s outpatient clinic over the last year or longer were included. Their demographic, clinical and functional data were recorded. Patients completed a pulmonary function test, six-minute walk test (6-MWT), COPD assessment test (CAT), and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale. Comparisons were then made according to their smoking status. Results In total 100 patients were included in the study; with a mean age of 63.4±10.7 years and mostly males (94%). Regarding smoking status, 49% were current smokers and 51% were former smokers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that current smoking was negatively associated with age (odds ratio, OR=0.93, 95% confidence interval, CI=0.88–0.96) and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage (OR=0.32, 95% CI=0.13– 0.79), and was positively associated with six-minute walk distance (OR =1.005, 95% CI=1.001–1.009) and CAT score (OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.009–1.13). Conclusions Nearly half of the COPD patients in the study continued smoking even after having been diagnosed with COPD. The younger patients, with better lung function, better exercise capacity and poor quality of life were associated with current smoking.

Temel anlamları görme algısına dayanan sözcükler konusunda şimdiye kadar yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle fiiller üzerinde durulmuştur. Görme algısı fiilerinin yüksek derecede çokanlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bazı araştırmalarda, anlam genişlemesi yollarının dil aileleri ve kültür farklılıklarına göre değişiklikler gösterdiğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki analiz için, ayrı dil ailelerine mensup ve tipolojik açıdan farklı gruplarda yer alan Türkçe ve Hırvatçanın görme organını ifade eden Türkçe göz ile Hırvatça karşılığı oko adları seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın üç temel amacı vardır: Birincisi, her iki dilde görme organını ifade eden adlardan türemiş sözcükler ve deyimlerin anlamlarını inceleyerek iki dilde ‘göz’ kavramı yardımıyla hangi soyut kavramların adlandırıldığını tespit etmek; ikincisi görme organını ifade eden adlar ile görme algısı fiileri arasında anlam genişlemesi yollarının benzerliklerini ve farklılıklarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmanın üçüncü amacı ise göz ve oko adlarından türemiş farklı yapıların anlamlarının kavramsal açıdan birbiriyle nasıl ilişkili olduğunu tespit etmektir. Analizin sonuçları, göz sözcüğünü içeren yapıların Türkçede sayıca daha fazla olduğunu, dolayısıyla Türkçede görme algısının, deyim ve söz hazinesinin oluşumunda ve soyut kavramların adlandırılmasında daha önemli rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Öte yandan sonuçlar, Türkçe ve Hırvatça arasında soyut kavramların adlandırılmasında büyük benzerlikler olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Background and aimSmoking is still a public health concern in many countries, especially among young adults. Consequently, we determined what factors affect university students' smoking behavior in Turkey.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between March and June 2017 using a simple random sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on participants' (N = 2,505; mean age = 20.9 ± 2.5 years; 58.9% women) sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking status, and related risk factors. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed with the Backward likelihood-ratio method.ResultsStudents were completing either two- or four-year degrees (45.6% and 54.4%, respectively). Regarding familial smoking behavior, 36.1% had a father who smoked, 10.3% had a mother who smoked, and 15.0% had siblings who smoked. Among participants, 27.9% were current smokers: 46% of the men and 15.3% of the women. Mean smoking onset age was 16.34 ± 2.72 years (15.65 ± 2.67 years for men and 16.34 ± 2.72 for women (p < .05). Mean Fagerströmtest score was 4.43 ± 1.82, and women had lower test scores than did men (p < .05). After controlling for potential confounders in multivariate analyses, five factors were significantly positively associated with current smoking: being a man (odds ratio (OR): 3.43; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.75-4.28), studying in a two-year program (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.39-2.18), having at least one immediate family member who smoked (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.31-2.04), having all close friends who smoked (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.40-2.33), and alcohol consumption (OR: 4.39; 95% CI: 3.51-5.49).ConclusionThere was a higher smoking rate among our study population, both compared to similar national studies and Turkey's overall smoking rate. Underlying factors should be evaluated via qualitative studies and preventive strategies should be implemented accordingly.

Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is common, but few root cause analyses based on national quality registries have been performed. An online registry was established to estimate the incidence of NNJ in Turkey and to facilitate a root cause analysis of NNJ and its complications.A multicenter prospective study was conducted on otherwise healthy newborns born at ≥35 weeks of gestation and hospitalized for only NNJ in 50 collaborator neonatal intensive care units across Turkey over a 1-year period. Patients were analyzed for their demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment options, and complications.Of the 5,620 patients enrolled, 361 (6.4%) had a bilirubin level ≥25 mg/dL on admission and 13 (0.23%) developed acute bilirubin encephalopathy. The leading cause of hospital admission was hemolytic jaundice, followed by dehydration related to a lack of proper feeding. Although all infants received phototherapy, 302 infants (5.4%) received intravenous immunoglobulin in addition to phototherapy and 132 (2.3%) required exchange transfusion. The infants who received exchange transfusion were more likely to experience hemolytic causes (60.6% vs. 28.1%) and a longer duration of phototherapy (58.5 ± 31.7 vs. 29.4 ± 18.8 h) compared to infants who were not transfused (p < 0.001). The incidence of short-term complications among discharged patients during follow-up was 8.5%; rehospitalization was the most frequent (58%), followed by jaundice for more than 2 weeks (39%), neurological abnormality (0.35%), and hearing loss (0.2%).Severe NNJ and bilirubin encephalopathy are still problems in Turkey. Means of identifying at-risk newborns before discharge during routine postnatal care, such as bilirubin monitoring, blood group analysis, and lactation consultations, would reduce the frequency of short- and long-term complications of severe NNJ.

Cutaneous ciliated cyst is defined as a rare, painless lesion frequently encountered on the lower extremities of young girls after puberty. The cyst is surrounded by the columnar ciliary epithelium. Apart from the lower extremities of girls, they may be localized on the scalp, scapula, thumb, abdomen, umbilicus, thigh, heel, knee, and gluteal region. There are two theories to explain this localization. The first is that they are mullerian heterotrophy, while the other is that they are ciliated metaplasia of eccrine glands. In this paper, we described a cutaneous ciliated cyst, which was observed with a previously undescribed localization on the back of a 13-year-old female patient.

Introduction: Sweet syndrome (SS) characterized by papules, plaques or nodules. SS was divided into three subcategories as classical SS, malignancy associated SS, and drug-induced SS. Case presentation: We present a case of G-CSF-associated Sweet Syndrome (SS) in a 50-year-old man with the diagnosis of extensive stage small cell lung cancer. We started preemptive methylprednisolone with a diagnosis of the sweet syndrome. Conclusion: SS is the insidious complication of G-CSF . Clinical suspicion is the key to the early diagnosis. Keywords: Sweet Syndrome, G-CSF, Lung Cancer

Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting from epithelial invagination of the tooth crown before calcification. Endodontic treatment of teeth affected by dens invaginatusmay be difficult and complex due to aberrant anatomy. Combined orthograde and surgical approaches for successful treatment of dens invaginatus are effective. This report describes the successful treatmentand results atthe 12-month follow-up of a maxillary lateral incisor showing dens invaginatus type II, a large periapical lesion and an open apex by using combined surgical and endodontic treatment.

Aim: Resin infiltration of proximal lesions is a new approach to stopping caries progression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate four-year efficacy of proximal infiltrates in adolescents. Materials and methods: In ten adolescents, a total of 21 proximal infiltrates (ICON® (DMG, Germany) were applied to initial proximal lesions of permanent incisors and premolars according to the manufacturer’s instruction. The clinical quality of resin infiltration was assessed at 1 week, 1, 2, 3 and 4 years after the treatment and the evaluation of the therapeutic effect was analyzed by radiographs. Results: Ten patients were followed up clinically for four years. The majority of the infiltrated lesions were located on permanent incisors. Teeth which were proximally infiltrated did not exhibit dental plaque and gingival bleeding in most cases. At annual recalls, plaque scores remained constant. The gingival status remained steady and no differences in tooth shape and contour were detected. Discoloration was detected in four teeth (19%) in 1st year recall and was constant at annual intervals. The radiographic evaluation of the bitewing radiographs showed no progression in 21 lesions (100%) from baseline to the 4-year recall. Overall oral hygiene of the patients was satisfactory. Conclusion: In conclusion, proximal infiltration is an effective prophylactic measure in adolescents.

Backgrounds & objectives: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a highly fatal and contagious tick-borne viral disease. Healthcare workers (HCWs) should know how and with which symptoms can CCHF patients attend to hospitals, and be aware of nosocomial transmission capability. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of HCWs working in Giresun province regarding CCHF. Methods: This research was carried out during an educational programme arranged for healthcare personnel working in district state hospitals in June 2012. In total, 428 workers completed a self-administered questionnaire including personal demographic characteristics, general knowledge of CCHF disease, knowledge of nosocomial transmission and infection control during hospitalization. Results: Almost all participants (95.3%) knew that the workers in livestock and agriculture were at risk. About 93.5% of participants knew that tick bite is the cause of CCHF transmission. In contrast to this high ratio, only 73 and 77% workers knew that CCHF can be transmitted by direct contact with animal′s or patient′s blood and body fluids, but after imparting relevant information in the form of one hour lecture given by a doctor expertised in infectious diseases, 92% gave correct answers. Nearly, all healthcare workers were aware that ticks should be removed by using fine-tipped tweezers without crushing (90.7%). Doctors were the most and the laboratory personnel the least well-informed groups. The knowledge degree significantly increased from 67.48 ± 13.89 to 80.92 ± 10.80 points after providing the CCHF related information (p

Background and objectives: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may cause postoperative residual curarization when they are used for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex reverses neuromuscular blockade by chemical encapsulation and is not associated with the side effects that may occur with the use of anticholinesterase agents. Because of increased outpatient surgical procedures postoperative residual curarization and rapid postoperative recovery have a greater importance in the pediatric patient population. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sugammadex and neostigmine on reversing neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients undergoing outpatient surgical procedures. Methods: 80 patients, aged 2-12 years, scheduled for outpatient surgery were enrolled in this randomized prospective study. Neuromuscular blockade was achieved with 0.6 mgkg−1 rocuronium and monitorized with train-of-four. Group RN (n = 40) received 0.03 mgkg−1 neostigmine, Group RS (n = 40) received 2 mgkg−1 sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium. Extubation time (time from the reversal of neuromuscular blockade to extubation), train-of-four ratio during this time, time to reach train-of-four > 0.9, and probable complications were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between the patients' characteristics. Extubation time and time to reach train-of-four > 0.9 were significantly higher in Group RN (p = 0.001, p = 0.002). Train-of-four at the time of neostigmine/sugammadex injection in Group RN were significantly higher than in the RS group (p = 0.020). Extubation train-of-four ratio was significantly lower in Group RN (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Sugammadex provides safer extubation with a shorter recovery time than neostigmine in pediatric patients undergoing outpatient surgical procedures.

The purpose of this study is to explore K-12 teachers’ awareness of open educational resources (OER) as well as their perceptions of its potential opportunities and challenges for teaching practices. Data were gathered from 99 online survey respondents and six interviewees in this study. Findings showed that teachers are aware of OER to a certain degree; however, a misunderstanding exists between digital educational content on the Internet and openly licensed content compatible with the OER definition. Lack of knowledge regarding licensing mechanisms of OER is a major issue among teachers. Whereas, teacher perceptions that the use of OER leads to the improvement in student performance is highly beneficial, the time required to search, select, edit, and apply OER was discovered as the greatest challenge to OER utilization. Results of this study can inform potential OER movement contributors, such as teacher professional development specialists, developers of OER repositories, and academics interested in OER.

Background: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) significantly improve cardinal motor symptoms and postural instability and gait difficulty, respectively, in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Objective and Hypothesis: Intrinsic auricular muscle zones (IAMZs) allow the potential to simultaneously stimulate the C2 spinal nerve, the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, and sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in addition to providing muscle feedback and control areas including the STN, the PPN and mesencephalic locomotor regions. Our aim was to observe the clinical responses to IAMZ stimulation in PD patients.Method: Unilateral stimulation of an IAMZ, which includes muscle fibers for proprioception, the facial nerve, and C2, trigeminal and autonomic nerve fibers, at 130 Hz was performed in a placebo- and sham-controlled, double-blinded, within design, two-armed study of 24 PD patients.Results: The results of the first arm (10 patients) of the present study demonstrated a substantial improvement in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Ratings Scale (UPDRS) motor scores due to 10 min of IAMZ electrostimulation (p = 0.0003, power: 0.99) compared to the placebo control (p = 0.130). A moderate to large clinical difference in the improvement in UPDRS motor scores was observed in the IAMZ electrostimulation group. The results of the second arm (14 patients) demonstrated significant improvements with dry needling (p = 0.011) and electrostimulation of the IAMZ (p < 0.001) but not with sham electrostimulation (p = 0.748). In addition, there was a significantly greater improvement in UPDRS motor scores in the IAMZ electrostimulation group compared to the IAMZ dry needling group (p < 0.001) and the sham electrostimulation (p < 0.001) groups. The improvement in UPDRS motor scores of the IAMZ electrostimulation group (ΔUPDRS = 5.29) reached moderate to high clinical significance, which was not the case for the dry needling group (ΔUPDRS = 1.54). In addition, both arms of the study demonstrated bilateral improvements in motor symptoms in response to unilateral IAMZ electrostimulation.Conclusion: The present study is the first demonstration of a potential role of IAMZ electrical stimulation in improving the clinical motor symptoms of PD patients in the short term.

Occult primary ovarian insufficiency (also known as incipient ovarian failure or diminished ovarian reserve) is defined as serum AMH level ≤1.1ng/mL in women under age 30. Limited data is available regarding the prevalence of occult POI, the preceding menstrual characteristics and its natural course in otherwise healthy young females. We aimed in this prospective observational study to determine the prevalence of occult POI in young females (< age 30) screened with serum AMH measurement; and analyze the patterns of change in their menstruation at initial assessment and one-year follow-up in relation to the changes in ovarian reserve quantitatively assessed with AMH and AFC. 963 young female college students under age 30 voluntarily participated in this study. 43 of them (4.4%) were diagnosed with occult POI as their AMH levels were ≤ 1.1ng/mL. Thirty-eight (83.4%) of them have regular cycles and denied any menstrual irregularity in the last 12 months. This rate was not statistically different from 7.3% of those with AMH>1.1ng/mL who reported at least one abnormal menstrual cycle in the last year (p = 0.36). Cycle length was significantly shorter in females with AMH ≤ 1.1ng/mL compared to those with AMH>1.1ng/mL (25.1±3.2 vs. 31.2±2.8 respectively, p

Melanotic Schwannoma (MS) is rarely seen and potentially malignant neoplasm that is categorized as a variant of Schwannoma. MS most frequently involves intracranial structures followed by posterior nerve roots in the spinal canal. Approximately 50% of the cases with MS have psammomatous calcifications and this type of MS is related to Carney complex with autosomal dominant inheritance. Most cases of MS are benign, though 10% of them are malignant with metastatic potential. MS mimics melanoma and the differential diagnosis should be made excluding other melanin producing neoplasms especially melanoma. Case 1. A 42-year-old hypertensive male presented for checkup. He had a well-defined extraspinal oval lesion measuring 3.5 × 2.5 cm near right adrenal. Case 2. A 22-year-old female presented with neurofibromatosis-2, bilateral acoustic schwannomas and café au lait lesions on sacrococcygeal region. She had an intradural extramedullary lesion measuring 6.1 × 2.0 cm at L1-2 level. MS is a rare neoplasm composed of Schwann cells and melanin pigment. These tumors are usually benign but they may become aggressive. The biologic behavior of MS is difficult to predict; the patients have to be followed up for a longer period due to its malignant potential.

Amaç: Bu çalışma Acil Servis ve Yoğun Bakımda çalışan hemşirelerin yaşam kalitesini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel nitelikte olan bu çalışma Burdur Devlet Hastanesi ve Burdur ilçe Devlet Hastanelerinde bulunan 140 Acil Servis ve Yoğun Bakım hemşiresi ile 01.03.2014-01.05.2014 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Çalışmada Ware ve arkadaşları tarafından 1988 yılında geliştirilip hemen hemen her yıl güncellenmiş olan jenerik ölçeklerden SF-36 yaşam kalitesi ölçeği kullanıldı. Elde edilen veriler SPSS Versiyon 11.5 (SPSS Inc. Chicago USA) bilgisayar programı kullanılarak analiz edilerek aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma (X ± SD) tüm değerler ele alınarak hesaplandı. Grupların ortalamaları arasındaki farkın önemi One-Way ANOVA ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Çalışmada hemşirelerin yaşam kalitesi alt fonksiyonları incelenmiş ve en düşük puanlar canlılık (54,2±17,0 puan) ve genel sağlıktan (59,7±18,0 puan) alınmıştır. Hemşireler fiziksel ve emosyonel rollerden 80 üzeri puan almışlardır. Araştırmada bazı ölçümsel faktörlerin yaşam kalitesi alt fonksiyonlarına etkisi de incelendi. Yaşam kalitesi alt fonksiyonlarını etkileyen faktörler sorgulandığında ise hemşirelerin acil veya yoğun bakımda çalışmalarının, eğitim durumlarının ve sorumlu hemşire olma durumlarının yaşam kalitesine etkisi olmadığı görüldü. Erkek hemşirelerin mental sağlık, canlılık, bedensel ağrı algısı, genel sağlık, fiziksel fonksiyon ve rol açısından kadınlara göre daha iyi durumda oldukları saptandı (p

Amaç: Bu araştırma ile Kronik Obstruktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) ’nın akciğer dışı sistemik etkilerinden olan anemi ile ilişkisi araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırmada Burdur Kamu Hastaneleri Birliği ve Burdur Devlet Hastanesi’nden gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra 01.01.2014 – 01.05.2014 tarihleri arasında hastanenin Dahiliye ve Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları polikliniklerine başvuran ayrıca bu servislerde yatarak tedavi gören 416 tane 65 yaş ve üzeri hastanın izinleri alınarak hastaların demografik özellikleri, beden kitle indeksleri (BKI), laboratuvar bulguları, solunum testi sonuçları ve akciğer filmleri incelendi. İncelemeler sonucunda 65 yaş ve üzeri olanlar, Global İnitation for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2006 kriterlerine göre KOAH tanısı alanlar dahil edildi. İstatistiksel analizlerde ki-kare ve Mann-Whitney U testleri uygulandı. Sonuçlar % 95 güven aralığında anlamlılık p