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Objective: Tissue damage and endotoxemia in obstructive jaundice are attributed to the increase in oxygen freeradicals. We aimed at evaluating the possible protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), which is a potent exogenous free-radical scavenger and antioxidant. Material and Methods: The study was performed at the Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine Research and Application Center for Experimental Medicine Laboratory with ethical approval. 30 Wistar-Albino rats were used and were divided into 3 groups. The common bile duct was identified and only dissected in the first group (sham). Following dissection of the common bile duct it was ligated with 4/0 silk just above the pancreas in the second group (control). After ligation of the common bile duct, 100mg/kg/day GSPE was administered via orogastric lavage for 10 days in the third group. Results: Biochemical values revealed a statistically significant difference between Group I and the others. There was no difference between Group II and III regarding biochemical values. There was a statistically significant difference, however, between Group II and III with regards to nitric oxide levels. There was a statistically significant difference between Group I and the other groups concerning hepatic and pulmonary tissue damage on histopathologic evaluation. There was no difference among the groups with regards to renal tubular damage. Conclusion: Proanthocyanidin is an effective natural antioxidant in decreasing the level of tissue damage caused by oxygen free-radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our aim with this study is to present the surgical approach of our clinic, the characteristics of the tumor, clinical presentation and long-term follow-up results with the literature in the cases of spontaneous mesenteric fibromatosis. Material and Methods: The data collected from 8 cases of patients, who had underwent surgery because of sporadic mesenteric fibromatosis at Necmettin Erbakan University Medical School's Department of General Surgery between January 2005 and December 2014, were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.7±19.9. Four (50%) of the patients were taken into emergency surgery having been diagnosed with ileus, 2 (25%) patients were ascertained to have mesenteric mass upon complaints of obscure abdominal pain, 1 (12.5%) patient underwent surgery on the detection of a mass in the meso of the small intestines during a surgical procedure performed by urologists because of a benign cause and in 1 (12.5%) patient's case, the pathology results of the piece, which was removed after a surgical procedure performed because of a mass that might have been originated from the distal pancreas, was reported to be mesenteric fibromatosis. Only 1 (12.5%) patient had recurrence and necessitated re-operation following an average of 33.5±34.5 months of follow-up. Conclusion: The fundamental principle in the treatment of this clinically aggressive tumor with a high recurrence rate, although it has the pathological characteristics of a benign tumor, is wide surgical resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Although the number of surgical emergencies continues to increase, comprehensive data on emergency surgical admissions are scarce. The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the causes, management, and outcomes of the general surgical emergencies in the city of Konya, Turkey. Material and Methods: The relevant details of the cases admitted and considered to be general surgical emergencies in Konya over a nine-year period (January 2003–January 2012) were analyzed. All demographic data were analyzed statistically. Results: The study group comprised 21,954 cases from 4 hospitals in Konya: 7,154 from Konya Numune Hospital, 6,654 from Konya Education and Research Hospital, 6,400 from Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, and 1,390 from Başkent University Konya Education and Research Hospital. Their mean age was 59.6 years, and the average hospitalization time was 3.3 days. The diagnoses of the admitted patients were as follows: acute appendicitis (59.57%), bowel obstruction (11.12%), trauma (7.97%), strangulated inguinal hernia (5.46%), acute cholecystitis (4.87%), peptic ulcer perforation (4.09%), mesenteric ischemia (2.73%), necrotizing fasciitis (2.73%), gastrointestinal system bleeding (1.79%), and others (1.1%). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate a steady increase in surgical admissions to emergency units. Nontraumatic acute abdomen was the most common reason for general surgical emergencies. Although the number of elderly patients increased, the hospital stay and mortality rates decreased over the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: In recent years, it has been shown that Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels, which are widely distributed in the central nervous system, play a role in many physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system. In this study, we investigated the effects of TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (CAP) and antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) in Alzheimer's Disease model induced with okadaic acid (OKA). METHODS: 60 Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. 1. Control group: no application was made. 2. Sham group: 5 μl of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was injected as bilateral ICV. 3. OKA group: 200 ng OKA dissolved in 5 μl aCSF was injected as bilateral ICV. 4. OKA+CAP group: Unlike the OKA group, 1mg/kg CAP injection was performed intraperitoneally for 13 days. 5. OKA+CPZ group: Unlike the OKA group, 1mg/kg CPZ injection was performed intraperitoneally for 13 days. 6. OKA+CAP+CPZ group: Unlike the OKA group, 1mg/kg CAP and CPZ injections were performed intraperitoneally for 13 days. Immunohistochemically, caspase-3, phosphorylated tau (ser396), amyloid beta, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-ser-9 (GSK3ß-ser9), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were examined from the cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain. At the same time, histopathological examination was performed from the cortex and hippocampus regions. RESULTS: CAP application decreased the increased caspase-3, phosphorylated tau (ser396), amyloid beta, TNF-α, IL-1β levels in the cortex and hippocampus caused by ICV OKA application, while it increased the decreased GSK3ß-ser9 levels (P<0.05). At the same time, CAP application reduced histopathological damage in the cortex and hippocampus (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that the administration of TRPV1 agonist CAP reduced neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the Alzheimer's Disease model induced by OKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: Mitochondial dysfunction is associated with the development of neurological diseases and neurodegeneration. Mitochondria produce various peptides that play a role in cellular functions and communication. MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is one of these peptides. In this study, we investigated whether plasma MOTS-c levels change in Alzheimer's-Parkinson's Disease (AD, PD) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: Participants were divided into 4 groups as AD (n=32), PD (n=32), AIS (n=32) and control (n=30). Plasma MOTS-c levels of the participants were determined by the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method using commercial kits. RESULTS: Plasma MOTS-c level was decreased in AIS and AD groups compared to control (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that MOTS-c levels may have a role in the pathophysiology of AIS and AD. Further studies are required to understand the relationship of this peptide with AIS and AD. This work was supported by Yozgat Bozok University BAP (6602c-TF/19-345). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The endocannabinoid system is a physiological system that has been defined in the last 20-30 years. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) have been identified as the most important endocannabinoid substances in the body. Anandamide is degraded by the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme, while 2-AG is degraded by the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enzyme. FAAH and MAGL enzymes are widely expressed in many tissues, including the kidney. Anandamide and 2-AG levels have been shown to be associated with ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Although the protective properties of different FAAH and MAGL inhibitors against IR damage have been shown in various studies, the effect of MAGL inhibitor KML29 and FAAH inhibitor URB597 on kidney IR damage has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of MAGL inhibitor KML29 and FAAH inhibitor URB597 against kidney IR injury. METHODS: 60 Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (1. control 2. IR 3. KML29 4. KML29+IR 5. URB597 6. URB597+IR). The kidneys of the rats were bilaterally administered 45 minutes of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion. KML29 and URB597 were administered intraperitoneally to the treatment groups at the onset of ischemia. At the end of the experiment, histopathological damage and immunohistochemically caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured in the kidney tissue. RESULTS: Histopathological damage, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the kidney tissue were decreased in the groups treated with KML29 and URB597 compared to the IR group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, we found the curative effect of MAGL and FAAH enzyme inhibitors KML29 and URB597 against kidney IR injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in childhood is common and in the majority functional. While CAP is one of the complaints of coeliac disease (CD), whether CAP as a sole complaint is indicative of CD is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between CAP and CD.Methods: The study was conducted on 1047 children (61.1% female, mean age 9.6 ± 4.1 years) with CAP. Patients were evaluated according to the Rome III criteria. Patients with alarm symptoms and conditions known to be associated with CD were excluded. Patients were screened for CD using a rapid tissue transglutaminase (tTG) test; positive cases were tested by tTG ELISA, and duodenal biopsies were obtained if tTG was above the normal limit.Results: Functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain (FAP) were diagnosed in 384 (36.7%), 274 (26.2%) and 389 (37.2%) patients, respectively. In 13 patients, the tTG rapid test was positive; 10 were also positive for tTG by ELISA and histopathological evaluations diagnosed CD in all 10 patients. The overall prevalence of CD was 0.95% (2.2%, 0.5% and 0.5% in patients with IBS, FD and FAP, respectively). The prevalence of CD in patients with IBS was higher than expected but with borderline statistical significance (P = 0.053).Conclusions: CD is found as common in children with FD and FAP as in the general population. CD was more commonly diagnosed in IBS patients with borderline statistical significance. We suggest that particular attention be paid to children with IBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We have observed that patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) had some difficulties with laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures. Through a retrospective study, we planned to compare the surgical procedures between patients who had undergone ERCP and those who had not in order to clarify this. Material and Methods: The results of 122 patients who had undergone ERCP because of choledocholithiasis before undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures between 2008 and 2011 were compared to the values of 2140 patients operated because of cholelithiasis only within the same period. Results: Among the patients who underwent surgical procedures following ERCP, 80 (65%) were female and 42 (35%) were male. The average age of the patients was 51.9 years (range: 20-83 years). The operation period after the procedure was 30.14 days (range: 1-93 days). Although the hospitalization period was 4.67 days (range: 1-22 days), the postoperative hospitalization period was 2.68 days (range: 1-15 days). Regarding the difficulty of operation, adhesion in 58 (47.5%) patients, bleeding in two (1.6%) patients, and conversion to open procedure in 12 (9.8) patients were observed. In two (1.6%) patients, bleeding and biliary fistula were the reasons for re-operation. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more complicated in patients who underwent ERCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent interest towards university rankings has led to the development of several ranking systems at national and global levels. Global ranking systems tend to rely on internationally accessible bibliometric databases and reputation surveys to develop league tables at a global level. Given their access and in-depth knowledge about local institutions, national ranking systems tend to include a more comprehensive set of indicators. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic comparison of national and global university ranking systems in terms of their indicators, coverage and ranking results. Our findings indicate that national rankings tend to include a larger number of indicators that primarily focus on educational and institutional parameters, whereas global ranking systems tend to have fewer indicators mainly focusing on research performance. Rank similarity analysis between national rankings and global rankings filtered for each country suggest that with the exception of a few instances global rankings do not strongly predict the national rankings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mammography may have some limitations in the diagnosis and screening of breast cancer for women who have previously undergone breast reduction surgery. This study aimed to investigate how the structural defects in the breast tissue formed by postoperative changes are reflected on mammography. Material and Methods: The records of patients who had previously undergone breast reduction surgery and who were requested to undergo mammography for breast cancer screening by the general surgery clinic were retrospectively studied. The patients' ages, surgical procedures, postoperative follow-up periods, amount of removed material, and histopathological and mammographic results were studied. The patients were classified into 3 groups: those older than 40 years who underwent reduction mammoplasty targeting predominantly the glandular tissue (group 1), those younger than 40 years who underwent reduction mammoplasty targeting predominantly the fat tissue (group 2), and those older than 40 years who were diagnosed with breast hypertrophy and were not operated (group 3). Results: The mean follow-up period of the patients was 6 (2-10) years. The mean value of resected tissue was 1120 g (680-2070) in group 1 and 1220 g (720-1980) in group 2. The mean age at the time of surgery was 45 (40-70) years for group 1 and 35 (24-40) years for group 2. All patients in group 1 were classified in Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 1-2; 28 patients in group 2 were classified in BI-RADS 1-2, 4 were classified in BI-RADS 3, and 8 were classified in BI-RADS 0. In group 3, 35 patients were classified in BI-RADS 1-2, 4 were classified in BI-RADS 3, and 1 was classified in BI-RADS 0. Conclusion: We believe that breast reduction surgery targeting predominantly the glandular tissue in patients older than 40 years increases mammographic sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Retrospective proctocolectomy is a distinguished, sphincter saving treatment used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and FAP disease. We aimed to evaluate ileal pouch interventions performed at our clinic and their results in the light of literature. Material and Methods: Medical records of 35 restorative proctocolectomy and J pouch ileo-anal anastomosis surgeries performed at Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram School of Medicine between the years 2006-2013 were retrospectively examined. The patients were assessed according to their age, gender, length of hospital stay, diagnosis, follow-up duration and pouch-related complications. All patients were contacted by phone and they were scheduled for controls at the outpatient clinic. Results: Nineteen patients were male (54%) and 16 were female (46%). Their mean age was 45 years (21-74). The mean length of hospital stay was 11 (5-20) days. Twenty two (63%) patients were operated on due to FAP, 12 (34%) due to synchronous rectum cancer and colon tumor or polyp, and one (3%) due to ulcerative colitis. All patients received J pouch and protective ileostomy. After the closure of ileostomy, two cases were identified to have J pouch fistulas. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 7 years. They were contacted by phone and they were questioned about their active complaints, number of defecations, urinary and sexual dysfunctions. It was identified that they had 5 (3-8) defecations per day on average and that 4 (11%) cases had one nocturnal defecation. No pouchitis were identified in the follow-up endoscopic examinations. Conclusion: Restorative proctocolectomy and ileo-anal anastomosis technique is a surgical procedure that can be performed with low rates of morbidity and mortality, including the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the prevalence and outcomes of the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the factors affecting that use and families' opinions of it. The level of use of CAM in the 111 children (8.4±3.3 years, 45% female) in the study was 19.8% (n=22, 95% Cl: 12.3-27.2). CAM methods used were nutritional support (honey, sweet fruit drinks), herbal products (n= 3, 13.6%) and alternative the rapie s (hot water bottles, suction cups) (n=4, 18.3%). Greater use of CAM was observed in children whose fathers had a high level of education and children from families with high monthly incomes (p=0.011, OR: 2.8, 95% Cl: 1-7.7, and p=0.007, OR: 4.5, 95% Cl: 1.6-12.3, respectively). Children with FGIDs exhibited a significant level of CAM use. However, studies involving broader sections o f society are needed to show the effectiveness, reliability and side effects of CAM use in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the basic methodological approach and the results of URAP-TR, the first national ranking system for Turkish universities. URAP-TR is based on objective bibliometric data resources and includes both size-dependent and size-independent indicators that balance total academic performance with performance per capita measures. In the context of Turkish national university rankings, the paper discusses the implications of employing multiple size-independent and size-dependent indicators on national university rankings. Fine-grained ranking categories for Turkish universities are identified through an analysis of ranking results across multiple indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyze the accuracy of (i) HLA-DQ typing and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies immunoglobulin A (tTG-IgA) serology and (ii) a "simple scoring system" (SSS) for the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). The study included 91 patients with positive tTG-IgA, who had been tested for HLA-DQ. Patients were divided into 3 groups: typical CD, atypical CD, and non-CD. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), positive (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and accuracy of the test combining genotyping and tTG-IgA positivity and the simple scoring system for the diagnosis of CD were evaluated. The combination of genotyping and strong tTG-IgA positivity had a sensitivity of 93.5%, specificity of 61.5%, PPV of 93.5%, NPV of 61.5%, PLR of 2.4, NLR of 0.1 and accuracy of 89% for "CD." SSS had a higher specificity (84.6%), higher PPV (97.3%), higher NPV (68.7%), higher PLR and higher accuracy (92.3%). The combination of genotyping and strong tTG-IgA positivity missed two patients with typical CD (4%) and three patients with atypical CD (10.7%). Two cases with malabsorptive symptoms (33.3%) and three patients without malabsorptive symptoms (42.8%) would have been misdiagnosed as CD if these tests were used. Intestinal biopsy is still mandatory for diagnosis of CD in Turkish children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: It was aimed to investigate the modes of transmisson and long-term prognosis of the disease in patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B infection. Material and Methods: The files of the patients who presented to our outpatient clinic between January 2002 and May 2013 and were being followed up with a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B virus infection were examined retrospectively and the information related with the age, gender, age at the time of diagnosis, mode of transmission, follow-up period, transaminase levels, the amount of hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid and treatment and responses to the treatment given were recorded. Results: The age at the time of diagnosis of 150 patients (97 males, 64%) included in the study was 14.95±2.94 years. 59 (39.3%) of the patients were inactive carriers, 61 (40.7%) were in the immunotolerant stage and 30 (20%) were in the immunoreactive stage. Vertical transmission was present in 86 (57.3%) patients, horizontal transmission was present in 41 patients (27.3%) and the mode of transmission was not known in 23 patients (15.3%). Response to treatment was obtained in 26 (72.2%) of 36 patients who received treatment. Lamivudine (4 mg/kg/day) was given to 29 of the patients who were given treatment, interferon-α (IFN-α) (6 MU/m², three days a week) was given to 3 patients at the same dose and both IFN-α and lamivudine were given to 4 patients. The time to give response to treatment was 24.23±15.23 months (6-50 months). Spontaneous anti-HBe seroconversion occured in four (7.2%) of 55 immuntolerant children who were followed up without treatment. The time to development of seroconversion in these children was 2.50±1.91 years (1-5 years). Conclusions: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection has a more benign prognosis in children compared to adults, though it may lead to development of hepatic failure, cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. In addition, a decrease in the frequency of infection is expected in children in the years ahead owing to vaccination programs. However, we think that studies related with use of different drugs in patients who do not respond to treatment should be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Meme Sagligi Dergisi / Journal of Breast Health is the property of Turkish Federation of Breast Diseases Associations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erciyes Medical Journal / Erciyes Tip Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Meme Sagligi Dergisi / Journal of Breast Health is the property of Turkish Federation of Breast Diseases Associations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is a rare pancreatic tumor whose pathogenesis is yet to be known and which has a good post-op prognosis. 3 (1.5%) out of 190 patients who had pancreatic surgery because of malignity at our clinic between 2005 and 2011 were histopathologically diagnosed with SPT. The presenting complaints of the patients were non-specific abdominal pain and they were all female. The tumor was at the pancreatic tail in two patients, while it was at the head in one patient. Two patients had distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, while one had pancreaticoduodenectomy. R0 resection was achieved in all patients. Pathological analysis revealed that the surgical border was negative in all patients and no lymph node metastasis and vein or nerve invasion were observed. In conclusion, solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas are but treatable pancreatic tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe experiences with concurrent parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods: Eight patients with concurrent parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma were identified between 2005 and 2012, and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of the eight patients identified, two were male and six were female; their mean age was 53.6 years. The mean serum calcium concentration was 11.7 mg/dL. Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations were high in all patients, with a mean concentration of 338 pg/ mL. The most frequently used surgical technique was total thyroidectomy plus parathyroid adenoma excision (n=6). The mean size of the thyroid carcinoma was 1.2 cm, and one case showed metastatic lymph nodes in the central compartment. The mean parathyroid adenoma size was found to be 2.1(0.6- 3.5) cm, according to the longest size of the adenom. Six patients (75%) developed postoperative complications, including temporary symptomatic hypocalcemia in 4 patients (50%), hematoma development in 1 patient (12.5%) and temporary vocal cord paralysis in one patient (12.5%). Conclusion: Thyroid carcinoma and parathyroid adenoma are rarely concomitant. Rarely hyperparathyroidism may be accompanied with thyroid carcinomas so preoperatively thyroid gland should be properly examined. Thyroid with parathyroid surgery are risk factors of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]