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Memoria final del Proyecto de Innovación docente nº 62 de la convocatoria 2021-22 Quid est liber: Proyecto de innovación para la docencia en libro antiguo y patrimonio bibliográfico II., Final report of the Teaching Innovation Project no. 62 of the call 2021-22 Quid est liber: Innovation project for teaching in rare books and bibliographic heritage II.

Background: Background: Perinatal malnutrition seems to provoke important neurochemical alterations in the brain that lead to higher vulnerability to develop neuropsychiatric disorders in the adulthood. Objectives: We have examined the persistence and reversibility of the changes induced by perinatal undernourishment on the expression of fumarate hydratase in the rat nucleus accumbens, bearing in mind that this expression has been previously linked with addictive disorders. Clusterin, a multifunctional protein known to be neuroprotective and possibly related to addiction in humans, was studied in parallel. Methods: Female Wistar rats underwent a severe restriction of food during gestation and lactation. Upon weaning, a subgroup of undernourished animals was switched to normal chow and another one continued under food restriction. Control rats and their mothers were fed on chow along the experiment. Fumarate hydratase and clusterin were quantified by western blot after five months of postnatal life in the three experimental groups. Results: Food restriction along the whole experimental period provoked a marked upregulation of both clusterin and fumarate hydratase in the mitochondrial fraction of the nucleus accumbens. In the case of clusterin, this upregulation was also observed in the cytosolic fraction of the nucleus accumbens. When undernourishment was limited to gestation and lactation the two proteins appeared downregulated with respect to controls. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the idea that perinatal malnutrition provokes marked changes in brain neurochemistry that are not fully corrected by the rehabilitation of normal feeding and could be linked to behavioural disturbances in the adulthood, that is, increased vulnerability to addiction.

With the emergence of social networks, its enormous power as a communication tool has not gone unnoticed by schools, which have ventured, to open profiles, not always with defined objectives. We present a systematic analysis of the use of all the Facebook and Twitter profiles of the centers that teach Secondary Education in a Spanish autonomous community. For this, the frequency of use of the networks have been collected; of the integration of these with the rest of the center's communication; the content of the publications, according to their subject matter, recipients or multimedia elements included; its impact and scope; and, finally, the degree of interaction of the center with the users. The results indicate a huge disparity in the intensity of use, the quality of publications or the function of social networks, being the difference between public and private ownership centers, Con la irrupción de las redes sociales, su enorme poder como herramienta de comunicación no ha pasado desapercibido para los centros educativos, que se han aventurado a abrirse perfiles, no siempre con objetivos definidos. Presentamos un análisis sistemático del uso de todos los perfiles de Facebook y Twitter de los centros que imparten Educación Secundaria en una comunidad autónoma española. Se han recogido datos de la frecuencia de uso de las redes; de la integración de estas con el resto de la comunicación del centro; del contenido de las publicaciones, atendiendo a su temática, destinatarios o elementos multimedia incluidos; su repercusión y alcance; y, finalmente, el grado de interacción del centro con los usuarios. Los resultados indican una enorme disparidad en la intensidad del uso, la calidad de las publicaciones o la función de las redes sociales, siendo notable la diferencia entre centros públicos y privados

Fusarium fujikuroi, a model organism for secondary metabolism in fungi, produces carotenoids, terpenoid pigments with antioxidant activity. Previous results indicate that carotenoid synthesis in F. fujikuroi is stimulated by light or by different stress conditions and downregulated by a RING finger protein encoded by carS gene. Here, we have analyzed the effects of three stressors, nitrogen scarcity, heat shock, and oxidative stress. We compared them with the effect of light in the wild type, a carS mutant that overproduces carotenoids, and its complemented strain. The assayed stressors increase the synthesis of carotenoids in the three strains, but mRNA levels of structural genes of carotenogenesis, carRA and carB, are only enhanced in the presence of a functional carS gene. In the wild-type strain, the four conditions affect in different manners the mRNA levels of carS: greater in the presence of light, without significant changes in nitrogen starvation, and with patent decreases after heat shock or oxidative stress, suggesting different activation mechanisms. The spores of the carS mutant are more resistant to H2O2 than those of the wild type; however, the mutant shows a greater H2O2 sensitivity at the growth level, which may be due to the participation of CarS in the regulation of genes with catalase domains, formerly described. A possible mechanism of regulation by heat stress has been found in the alternative splicing of the intron of the carS gene, located close to its 3′ end, giving rise to the formation of a shorter protein. This action could explain the inducing effect of the heat shock, but not of the other inducing conditions, which may involve other mechanisms of action on the CarS regulator, either transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally.

En este trabajo se ha analizado el concepto de salud y su representación en 43 libros de texto de Educación Primaria de la Comunidad Valenciana, suponiendo la actualización local de un análisis previo realizado en 2003. Además de la descripción de las variables bibliométricas, se han extraído los temas de salud abordados en cada libro y su metodología, analizando su correlación con el curso y ciclo. Los resultados muestran que sigue ofreciéndose el concepto de salud como ausencia de enfermedades. Asimismo, las metodologías de mayor complejidad aparecen en los manuales de los cursos inferiores de primaria. En consecuencia, estos resultados indican la necesidad de realizar acciones claras y directas para dotar al profesorado de recursos eficientes para complementar lo ofrecido en los libros de texto.

Research in writing has revolved around two instructional modalities: the product and the process. In recent years, the need to consider these in a web environment has become plausible and add the mixed modality (combination of the previous two) and the ecological one, complementary to the procedural one, but paying attention to the educational context. A review of thirty empirical studies of online interventions on writing, published in the last five years in high- impact journals, is presented with the aim of offering a panoramic view of the subject. The results show that most of the interventions partially comply with the guidelines agreed in the scientific meeting of the European Research Network Learning to Write Effectively. Many of the studies do not show the existence of a training period for participating teachers, a control group, a specific measure of treatment fidelity, durability and generalizability., Las investigaciones en escritura han girado en torno a dos modalidades instruccionales: el producto y el proceso. En los últimos años, se hace plausible la necesidad de considerar, estas en un entorno web y añadir la modalidad mixta (combinación de los dos anteriores) y la ecológica, complementaria de la procesual, pero prestando atención al contexto educativo. Se presenta una revisión de treinta estudios empíricos de intervenciones en línea sobre escritura, publicados en el último lustro en revistas de impacto con el objetivo de ofrecer una visión panorámica del tema. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoría de las intervenciones cumplen parcialmente las directrices acordadas en la reunión científica de la European Research Network Learning to Write Effectively. Muchos de los estudios no evidencian la existencia de un periodo de formación del profesorado participante, de un grupo de control, de una medida específica de fidelidad del tratamiento, de durabilidad y de generalización.

Little information is known about Deaf Women’s experiences of gender violence in Mexico. This qualitative study explores perceptions of gender violence among this population group and offers a general description of factors that intervene in gender violence against Deaf women. Results suggest that communication barriers, discrimination, legal vulnerability and social isolation, are virtually unknown throughout Mexican society, even within institutions working to eradicate gender violence and in the general population. In addition, this study identified factors that directly or indirectly lead Deaf women to experience violence, including substance abuse, negative interpersonal relationships and overprotection within family, educational, work and social environments. Results are discussed to further the development of interventions targeting Deaf women in Mexico., Se cuenta con poca información sobre las experiencias de violencia de género de las mujeres Sordas en México. Este estudio cualitativo explora las percepciones acerca de tales experiencias en este grupo de población y ofrece una descripción general de los factores que intervienen en esa clase de conducta. Los resultados sugieren que las barreras de comunicación, la discriminación, la vulnerabilidad legal y el aislamiento social son prácticamente desconocidas en la sociedad mexicana, incluso dentro de las instituciones que trabajan para erradicar la violencia de género en la población en general. Además, este estudio identificó factores que directa o indirectamente llevan a las mujeres Sordas a experimentar violencia, incluido el abuso de sustancias, las relaciones interpersonales negativas y la sobreprotección dentro de los entornos familiar, educativo, laboral y social. Se discuten los resultados para promover el desarrollo de intervenciones dirigidas a las mujeres Sordas en México.

Cocoa constitutes one of the richest sources of dietary flavonoids with demonstrated anti-diabetic potential. However, the metabolic impact of cocoa intake in a diabetic context remains unexplored. In this study, metabolomics tools have been used to investigate the potential metabolic changes induced by cocoa in type 2 diabetes (T2D). To this end, male Zucker diabetic fatty rats were fed on standard (ZDF) or 10% cocoa-rich diet (ZDF-C) from week 10 to 20 of life. Cocoa supplementation clearly decreased serum glucose levels, improved glucose metabolism and produced significant changes in the urine metabolome of ZDF animals. Fourteen differential urinary metabolites were identified, with eight of them significantly modified by cocoa. An analysis of pathways revealed that butanoate metabolism and the synthesis and degradation of branched-chain amino acids and ketone bodies are involved in the beneficial impact of cocoa on diabetes. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated major associations between some of these urine metabolites (mainly valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and body weight, glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and glycated hemoglobin levels. Overall, this untargeted metabolomics approach provides a clear metabolic fingerprint associated to chronic cocoa intake that can be used as a marker for the improvement of glucose homeostasis in a diabetic context.

La biblioteca de aula y la conversación literaria que se puede promover en torno a ella permiten un espacio formativo para la mediación lectora que facilita la vivencia de los valores, apropiarse de la cultura, desarrollar un hábito de lectura literaria, mejorar la comprensión e interpretación de textos literarios y dar cabida a conversaciones literarias. Por todo ello, la situación de enseñanza cambia: se pasa de un entorno tradicional a uno dialogado y compartido en que se construye el sentido. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer la actividad de un club de lectura en que los lectores conversan, y son capaces de enjuiciar, auto valorar los criterios de los otros y socializar esquemas que posibiliten la construcción de convicciones cooperadas lo que propiciará una formación integral axiológica en función de la construcción del sentido textual a través de la ampliación del intertexto del lector

Plant responses against pathogens are influenced by growth immunity tradeoff, which ensure the best use of limited resources. We study how the immobilization of carbon resources and the induction of defensive responses (glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, stomatal closure) can influence the biomass of two Brassica oleracea lines, differing in their resistance, after infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Potentially, the growth immunity tradeoff can be influenced by the activation of all these processes. However, on the contrary of which is normally stated, our results suggest that the loss of biomass caused by pathogen infection is mainly due to the differential accumulation of starch and the immobilization of sugars rather than the reallocation of resources to synthesize secondary metabolites. Moreover, resistance may be related to the effectiveness of the tradeoff, since the resistant line immobilizes resources more efficiently than the susceptible one. Both inbred lines show a different phytohormones profile, which support the hypothesis that they are employing different strategies to defend themselves against the pathogen. This study emphasizes the key role of the primary metabolism in the defence strategies of plants against pathogens.