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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the chief cause of hepatitis E (inflammation of liver) across the globe. The Norway rat HEV genome consists of six open reading frames (ORFs), i.e., ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5 and ORF5. The additional reading frame encoded protein ORF5 protein's structure and function remain to be explored. Therefore, the presented study was conceptualized to analyze the ORF5 protein for its physiochemical properties, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and functional characteristics using bioinformatics tools. The initial analysis revealed ORF5 protein as unstable, thermostable, hydrophilic and highly basic in nature. The primary structural analysis revealed higher percentages of amino acids Arg, Leu, Pro, Ser and Gly, which suggested that the ORF5 protein is richly endowed with some regulatory amino acids (Leu, Pro and Gly). The secondary structure of ORF5 protein showed all three major components (alpha-helix, beta-strand and random coil). The tertiary structure generated through homology modelling revealed mixed 汐/汕 structural fold with subsequently higher percentage of strands and abundance of coils. Moreover, the surface analysis revealed the several clefts and tunnels along with few pores, clearly suggested the ability of ORF5 protein towards interaction with other molecules. The ORF5 protein was also identified with several post-translationally modified sites including glycosylation, phosphorylation and myriystoylation. The presence of these modified sites indicated the role of ORF5 protein in regulation. Thus, our analyses taken together interpret the ORF5 protein's essentiality in HEV. This data will help in exploring the prospective role of this additional genomic component of rat HEV through the sequence, structure and functional annotation of ORF5 protein.

Various human activities have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leading to increase in average atmospheric temperature causing global warming. It threatens our environment as well as health and basic needs of human beings. Therefore, in this paper, a mathematical model is developed to study the effects of carbon dioxide emissions caused by human activities on average atmospheric temperature contributing global warming considering four dependent variables namely, the density of human population, cumulative density of human activities such as industries, automobiles, and power plants etc., the concentration of carbon dioxide and the average atmospheric temperature. The model is analyzed using stability theory of ordinary differential equations. Local and global stability conditions are established to study the feasibility of the model system. The growth rate of average atmospheric temperature is assumed to be proportional to the increased level of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere from its equilibrium value. It is also assumed that this temperature decreases with a rate proportional to its enhanced level from its equilibrium value caused by various natural factors such as rain fall, snow fall, etc. The analysis shows that as the emission of carbon dioxide from human activities increases the average atmospheric temperature increases considerably from its equilibrium level.

Disease diagnosis is the most critical task in the medical diagnosis system. At present, the biggest challenge is to predict heart disease very quickly; for that limitation, the number of dying people is increasing day by day. If a heart disease is diagnosed quickly, we can reduce the death rate indisputably. Thus, this research produces a manual and web-based automatic prediction system that can confer a conceptual report of clear warning of patient's heart condition. The proposed prediction system predicts heart disease using some health parameters. The system uses thirteen health parameters like age, sex, chest pain type, blood pressure, ECG, etc. Eight algorithms are used separately to diagnose heart disease accurately, namely KNN, XgBoost, Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Ada Boost, Decision tree (DT), Naive Bayes, and Random Forest (RF). Decision Tree and Random Forest provide better performance than others among all methods. This research also established a website to easily check their heart condition from home instantly. The system has used 1026 individual patients' data for training and testing. It achieves higher accuracy in the different algorithms such as DT (99%), RF (99%), XgBoost (95%), KNN (89%), SVM (85%), LR (85%), Ada Boost (83%) and Naive Bayes (82%). The experiment result provides a target value of 0 or 1 that refers to the patient's presence or absence of heart disease.

The purple scale, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the important citrus pests in Mazandaran Province, north ofIran. The bioecology of this pest was studied on citrus trees (Citrus aurantium) in citrus orchards of Mazandaran during 2018 and 2019. The results showed that this scale insect produces three generations per year and overwinters in the form of the second nymphal instars and adult females. A study on population flactuations revealed that the first generation of this pest, depending on the weather conditions, has been active since late May and its growth stages were completed in the first decade of August. Afterwards, the activity of the second generation begins and the first instar nymphs related to the second generation appear in the second decade of August. The activity of the third generation begins in the first decade of October. The crawlers disperse at the same time and the armored scale overwinters in the form of second nymph instars and adult females after establishing and completing growth. The trend of population fluctuations on the upper and lower of the leaves was similar. The activity of parasitoids was observed mainly on adult females in April to May and July to October, but the peak of their activity was in April to May.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the cycle threshold (Ct) value of ORF1ab gene and N gene in the first admission detected by novel coronavirus (Omicron) nucleic acid and the negative conversion cycle of infected patients. Methods: 5 212 patients with novel coronavirus omicron variant infection were admitted to the Northern Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from March 2022 to April 2022 were collected, according to the patient′s previous history and the tests of relevant indexes after admission, including 2 746 cases in non-basic disease group and 2 466 cases in the basic disease group. All subjects received the Ct value of the ORF1ab genes and the N genes tests. Statistical analysis of the difference of the negative conversion cycle of ORF1ab gene and N gene between non-basic disease group and basic disease group under different Ct values at the first admission. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to assess the association of Ct value of ORF1ab gene and N gene with the negative conversion cycle, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the negative conversion cycle. Results: The Ct values of ORF1ab gene and N gene in patients novel coronavirus infection were negatively correlated with the negative conversion cycle (rORF1ab=-0.4622, P

In late February 2021, a round of indigenous novel coronavirus (referred to as COVID-19) infection emerged in Shanghai, making the COVID-19 outbreak shift from regular prevention and control to drastic pandemic prevention and control measures. According to the requirements of the Guidelines for the Organization and Implementation of Regional Novel Coronavirus Nucleic Acid Testing (Third Edition) issued by the National Health and Wellness Commission, medical institutions at all levels with nucleic acid testing capabilities rapidly carried out novel coronavirus nucleic acid testing, which put forward higher requirements for testing and prevention and control for the emergency conversion of non-designated admission hospitals to designated hospitals. As a clinical department with close contact with novel coronavirus testing specimens, the department of clinical laboratory has long working hours and high work intensity, as well as the potential risk of aerosol and contact transmission of clinical routine specimens and nucleic acid specimens, which requires more improvement from human resource planning, laboratory nucleic acid testing, laboratory infection prevention and control, medical material security, and staff psychological guidance. In this paper, we hope to combine the practice of emergency transformation work of the laboratory department in the northern hospital area of Ruijin Hospital, including personnel allocation, planning of testing items for clinical samples, and establishment of emergency nucleic acid testing, to carry out relevant work in a scientific, standardized and orderly manner, and provide our associate organizations with valuable experience in the coordination and management of emergency testing in the laboratory department in response to the novel coronavirus outbreak.

A new hit of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant strain Omicron pandemic is spreading worldwide and gradually affecting China. Adrenal disease severely affects the balance of glucose, lipids, water and salts throughout the body, thus affecting the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the same time, it has become a key point on management of COVID-19 with adrenal disease, due to its specialty and lack of clinical understanding. The purpose of this expert suggestion is to standardize the clinical understanding and guide clinical practice. Especially in the context of complex epidemic prevention and control, it provides necessary reference basis and guidance for the diagnosis, treatment and comprehensive management of adrenal diseases during the current COVID-19 epidemic.

Objective: To explore the quality and safety of testing in the city′s regional medical laboratories for COVID-19 nucleic acid detection. Methods: To strengthen the quality control of the city′s medical laboratories for COVID-19 nucleic acid detection through monthly inspections, squatting inspections, emergency inspections, blind sample surveys, sample retention, and retesting. Results: Regional medical laboratories for COVID-19 nucleic acid detection were non-compliant in terms of personnel qualifications, business training, internal quality control, result judgement, retesting processes, report uploading, cleaning and disinfection, and medical waste disposal. The number of laboratories conducting COVID-19 nucleic acid testing gradually expanded from 29 at the beginning of the outbreak on March 18 to 98 on May 16, but the number of non-compliant laboratories did not increase significantly. The pass rate of the blind sample survey of the city′s medical testing laboratories ranged from 96.6% to 100.0%, and the concurrence rate between the results of the laboratory′s retained samples for retesting and the results of the retained testing facilities ranged from 98.3% to 100.0%. Conclusions: The quality of regional COVID-19 nucleic acid detection in the city is generally controllable, with no systematic quality problems. The quality control model with multiple measures is worthy of application in the quality control of regional COVID-19 nucleic acid detection.

Objective: To explore the related problems and solutions in nucleic acid detection of COVID-19 patients at the present stage, and to provide reference for clinical laboratories. Methods: A total of 462 patients admitted from April 1 to April 10 were selected and their basic Ct values and time changes were analyzed. The false-negative test results caused by sample collection from March 20 to March 31 and from April 1 to April 10 were statistically analyzed, respectively. A total of 213 clinical samples were selected for parallel detection using reagents A and B to compare the differences between them. According to relevant documents, make the reinspection standard operation procedure (SOP) document of suspicious samples. According to the quality control method of quantitative test, weak-positive control was prepared and tested 5 batches every day for 4 days, and 20 groups of data were obtained and used as the initial data to make quality control charts. Results: The median Ct values of ORF1ab and N gene in 462 patients were 24.50 (20.58-32.10) and 23.38 (19.43-31.24), respectively. In 184 patients with Ct value less than 30, the median time for Ct value to rise above 30 was 6 days (4-8 days). The sampling unqualified rates were 12.4% and 2.4% in the early and late stages, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P

Objective: To explore the epidemic spread and prevention strategy of COVID-19 by Omicron variant in a single office building. Methods: Retrospective data were collected for the period from March 19, 2022 to March 28, 2022. During this period, the infection rate, epidemic survey, transmission chain, population vaccination and Ct value of infected cases, as well as other data of 458 persons at risk in the single office building were collected. The response measures and outcomes were recorded, and the characteristics of this round of epidemic transmission were analyzed, and the prevention and control strategies were summarized. Results: The epidemic situation in a single office building lasted for 10 days from March 19 to March 28. Forty-two out of the 458 persons in the office building were infected, with an infection rate of 9.17%. After the large-scale single room isolation measure was put in place for key populations on March 21, the infection rate showed a significant downward trend, reversing the previous upward trend. The real-time reproduction number (Rt) value changed dynamically with time (from 10.8 to 2.2) and reached a value of lower than 1 on the third day of isolation. For patients with Ct value above 30, the positive conversion rate of close contacts was about 6.0%. For patients with Ct value between 20-30, the positive conversion rate of close contacts is higher, about 25.6%. Among patients with Ct value below 20, the conversion rate of close contacts was as high as 62.5%. Compared with CT value >30 and their corresponding close contacts as the reference group, the infection risk of close contacts of infected persons with CT value of 20-30 increased significantly (OR=5.37, 95% CI: 1.88-15.33). The infection risk of close contacts of infected persons with CT value