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Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (00347922) is the property of Editorial Reus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Legal separation („separația de corp") is a quasi-divorce, which does not lead to the dissolution of the marriage, but produces certain legal consequences on personal and patrimonial relations between spouses. Based on religious motivations, legal separation is the compromising solution adopted in states of Catholic religion, in which marriage is seen as an indissoluble and perpetual bond. Although known in several Member States of the European Union (EU), legal separation has meanings, conditions, procedure and effects that differ from one state to another. In Romanian law, the institution of legal separation is not regulated. The Orthodox religion, predominant in Romania, rejects the dogma of the indissolubility of marriage and allows divorce. However, in the Civil Code, among the provisions of private international law there is a rule indicating the law applicable to legal separation. The use of the notion, which is otherwise singular, is not accompanied by a definition or explanation of the term. In the European regulations (the Regulation Brussels II bis on jurisdiction1 and the Regulation Rome III on the applicable law2), directly applicable in Romania, two similar notions are used, those of „separare de drept" (legal separation) and of „separare de corp" (separation of body). Although in Romanian law the institution of legal separation does not benefit from a legal regulation, as an effect of the application of European regulations in case of divorces with foreign elements, the Romanian courts, as well as the notary in the divorce procedure and the superintendent registrar in the administrative divorce proceedings may be put in a position to rule on the legal separation. In this article we will first clarify the notion of legal separation in Romanian law and in one of the legislations of EU Member States participating in the enhanced cooperation under the Rome III Regulation, the Italian law. We will then establish, in the light of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-249/193, in which situations a Romanian court, a Romanian notary and a Romanian superintendent registrar may be put in a position to rule on the legal separation, analyzing the issue from the perspective of jurisdiction established under the Brussels II bis Regulation and the applicable law determined in accordance with the Rome III Regulation. Finally, we will identify possible solutions, taking into account the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is about the complicated intertwinements of state power, bureaucratic practices and the gendered formation of emotions in separation processes. Historians have long argued that 'emotional regimes' aim at regulating the emotional behaviour of different groups of people, and gender historians have demonstrated that marriage is crucial in shaping people's cognitive, social, sexual and economic possibilities in fundamentally gendered ways. This article contributes to these lines of research by suggesting that in order to understand the complex and variable nature of the state and the centrality of emotions to its gendered exercise of power, we need to interrogate the many local everyday interactions between state representatives and ordinary citizens in a variety of contexts. Concentrating on one of the public/private arenas in which these exchanges take place, the article examines separation cases from late nineteenth‐century Denmark. It employs the concept of 'emotional formation' to argue that the state played a central role in shaping the contestants' emotional dispositions in deeply gendered ways. Yet, this was not a top‐down operation, but rather a multi‐vocal process in which the boundaries between appropriate and inacceptable gendered emotional behaviour were a site of contestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contrasts adult and child perspectives on divorce and separation. Based on harmonized retrospective life history data from eight European countries, we study the risk of divorce and separation from the perspective of adult unions and the perspective of children born into these unions. The analysis connects adult and child perspectives, focusing on union cohort changes (1945 to 2005) in the associations between parenthood, education, and (parental) separation. Our findings show that trends differ substantially between adult and child perspectives. First, the cohort surge in divorce and separation is stronger in adults than in children. Second, inequality in the risk of divorce and separation grows faster in children than in adults. For both trends, disparities between adult and child perspectives grow across cohorts due to increasingly negative associations between parenthood, education, and separation. In several countries, the separation surge has been trivial for children of higher-educated couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pandectele Române is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aufklärung: Revista de Filosofia is the property of Aufklarung: Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

If we were to analyze most of the reasons for marital separation, we would come to the conclusion that many of them should have been subject to mediation rather than dissolution. The way in which the partners communicate as a couple positively or negatively influences the relationship between them and, through them, the relationship with the extended family. The level of selfesteem, fear of failure, fear of conflicts, dominance tendencies, cultural imperatives, etc. are among the main causes that influence the quality of communication between spouses. And if sociological and psychological theories see the conflict as only being a state that highlights the differences between partners, those that should later be subject to marital self-mediation, most individuals do not see the difference between conflict and scandal. They see conflict as an inevitable failure and its anticipation mainly creates the strategy of avoiding it than that of a frontal approach and solving the problem. Effective communication is based on the principle of openness towards the other and sincerity. The sincerity of one stimulates the sincerity of the other and the partners thus know the true feelings and needs of the other. The study aims to highlight the main resources of effective communication, insisting also on gender peculiarities in communication and specific dysfunctions in the message encryption algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examine whether (direct effect) and how (indirect effect) residential mothers' postdivorce separation distress is associated with children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Background: The consequences of postdivorce separation distress for adults, and specifically parents, have been established. Because research has also identified interdependent associations between parents' and children's postdivorce adjustment, it is possible that parents' separation distress has negative implications for children's postdivorce adjustment as well. Method: This study uses longitudinal, multimethod, multiinformant data from divorcing mothers and their children (N = 319 mother–child dyads). Families were recruited from divorce court records within 120 days of divorce filing. Hierarchical linear modeling techniques, path analysis, and mediation models were used to achieve the goals of the study. Results: Mothers' separation distress was significantly associated with increases in children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Mothers' co‐parenting conflict mediated the link between mothers' separation distress and children's internalizing but not externalizing behaviors. Ineffective parenting did not mediate the links between separation distress and children's internalizing or externalizing behaviors. Conclusion: Residential mothers' postdivorce separation distress has direct and indirect implications for their children's postdivorce adjustment. Implications: Professionals can promote postdivorce family adjustment by acknowledging the consequences of residential mothers' separation distress and assisting those who experience it. Practitioners can also use this study's findings to inform co‐parenting education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on views of Carl Stumpf on Psychology and Epistemology. Topics include examines that view is so widespread that even those who cannot be counted in this school defend the widest possible division of labor, and a principled independence of epistemology; and considered connection to a change in view of Kant's distinctive achievement as designating separation and opposition.

The current paper reports the development of experimental–simulation coupled approach to investigate fracture behavior of SA 387 and SA 516 pressure vessel steels. Mechanical and fracture properties are derived from tensile and fracture tests, respectively. Cohesive model is implemented for fracture studies of pressure vessel steels within XFEM framework. To simulate crack, gradual degradation of the elements is considered and suitable criterion is proposed to select cohesive parameters (i.e., cohesive energy, cohesive stiffness and cohesive strength). Simulations are performed to study effect of traction separation laws (exponential, partly constant and constant). The simulation results are validated with experimental data. Among the chosen traction separation laws, partly constant and constant traction separation laws are found suitable for SA 387 and SA 516 pressure vessel steel, respectively. It has also been confirmed from the fracture surface morphology study that SA 387 steel has less fracture resistance compared to SA 516 steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against children is a major public health concern and involves significant consequences. However, compared to research on the impact of violence on children, far less is known about the perpetrators of violence against children. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychosocial characteristics and motives of perpetrators of filicide in order to identify their psychosocial profile. Our study analyzed 50 perpetrators of filicides committed in the province of Quebec between 1997 and 2012. Data was obtained from the Office of the Chief Coroner of Quebec, and additional information were retrieved from newspapers. Descriptive analyzes identified the sociodemographic, criminological, psychological-psychiatric characteristics and the motivations of these men. The results indicate that male perpetrators of filicide are, on average, 34.8 years old (SD = 11.9), 46% between the ages of 18 and 35, 48% between the ages of 36 and 55, and 4% are 56 years of age and over. Most filicides were committed following a marital separation (34%), the victims were between 0 and 5 years old (78%) and they were killed with bare hands (78%). Half of the perpetrators of filicide had a criminal record (42%) or history of domestic violence (50%). Some of these men had traits or borderline personality disorder (32%) and depressive symptoms (24%). The addition of clinical cases expands our understanding of the different profiles of perpetrators of filicide. Our study provides avenues for intervention and to promote a better prevention of this type of homicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on works of jurists of the sixteenth century, occupied for a long time historians between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era and fierce contexts of political disputes within governments. It mentions need to guarantee it a privileged place found an attentive and sensitive audience among historians separation between material issues and moral or legal issues would be paradoxical. It also mentions conflict resolution modes and the judicial procedure.

Ambulatory assessment methods provide a rich approach for studying daily behaviour. Too often, however, these data are analysed in terms of averages, neglecting patterning of this behaviour over time. This paper describes recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), a non‐linear time series technique for analysing dynamic systems, as a method for analysing patterns of categorical, intensive longitudinal ambulatory assessment data. We apply RQA to objectively assessed social behaviour (e.g. talking to another person) coded from the Electronically Activated Recorder. Conceptual interpretations of RQA parameters, and an analysis of Electronically Activated Recorder data in adults going through a marital separation, are provided. Using machine learning techniques to avoid model overfitting, we find that adding RQA parameters to models that include just average amount of time spent talking (a static measure) improves prediction of four Big Five personality traits: extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness. Our strongest results suggest that a combination of average amount of time spent talking and four RQA parameters yield an R2 =.09 for neuroticism. Neuroticism is shown to be associated with shorter periods of extended conversation (periods of at least 12 minutes), demonstrating the utility of RQA to identify new relationships between personality and patterns of daily behaviour. Materials: https://osf.io/5nkr9/. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, there has been a lot of controversy surrounding the nature and extent of the power of review vested on the courts by the Constitution of South Africa, 1996. The judiciary has been subjected to criticisms from members of the other branches of government, namely the executive and the legislature for allegedly violating the doctrine of separation of powers by overreaching. Allegations of the judiciary compromising its own independence by interfering in matters that do not fall within its terrain have also been made. These criticisms highlight the thin-line which the judiciary, in the context of judicial review, must tread to maintain the delicate balance of its independence and the enforcement of public accountability in the promotion of the principle of constitutionalism. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to provide an analysis of the doctrine of the separation of powers and the issue of judicial overreach in light of the judgment of the Constitutional Court in Economic Freedom Fighters and Others v Speaker of the National Assembly and Another. The aim is to examine the extent to which the Constitutional Court observed the doctrine of separation of powers in this case. It is concluded that while the principle of non-encroachment into the affairs of other organs of State is an important aspect of the doctrine of separation of powers, it must nonetheless give way to the need to provide protection to the Constitution which is the supreme law of the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Judiciary plays dominant role in the administration of justice. A country can hardly develop without good governance and a perfect judicial system revered by the people. Attributes of democracy are good governance, rule of law anchored separation of powers and independence of Judiciary. Independence of judiciary inter-alia includes appointments, salaries, allowances, discipline and retirement benefits, which made it distinct from other arms of government. The Nigerian Judiciary however has come to Public domain lately with crisis that tends to question their integrity and independence. The October 2016 incident and the 2019 removal of the Chief Justice of Nigeria paint a picture of Nigerian Judiciary in Public view that tends to undermine the so much referred institution. The actions that followed leave so much to be desired of the sacred arm of the government. This work x-rays the Nigerian Judiciary, the constitutional provisions for its duties and independence in a global democratic arena. The paper examined relevant international and regional instruments and other local statutes. The method of the paper is qualitative and exploratory in nature. By way of descriptive analysis of secondary sources, the paper draws insights from scholarly exegesis and empirical historical evidences and cases. The paper concludes by recommendations that could restore the dignity of the Judiciary and respect for Nigerian democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a survey conducted in 2018 in collaboration with the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts' (AFCC) Task Force on Parenting Coordination, this paper explores issues related to the process and perceived outcomes of parenting coordination for families post separation and divorce. The views expressed emerge from a diverse and multidisciplinary sample (n = 289) from legal, mental health, and conflict resolution backgrounds. Almost half of all participants (46%) were mental health professionals (psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker), followed by attorneys (28%), family mediators (17%) and judges (5%). Over half of all participants identified as a parenting coordinator (PC) (53%). Based on the results, participants had the highest level of agreement that the goal of parenting coordination should be to assist in sheltering the children from parental conflict and to help the coparents reduce interparental conflict. Participants assigned greater success to parenting coordination when there was demonstration that coparenting conflict decreased. Several differences were noted among professional disciplines and specifically between legal and mental health professionals. Mental health professionals rated higher on the effectiveness of PCs to help children adjust and limit their involvement in the parental conflict, while legal professionals focused on PCs' ability to help families resolve legal disputes. The implications of the results are discussed, including how best to measure the success of parenting coordination and to prioritize outcomes related to the success of parenting coordination across disciplines to create greater consistency in the field. Key Points for the Family Court Community:The role and functions of parenting coordination varies across jurisdictions.There remains a lack of agreement on the use of standard and objective outcomes to measure the effectiveness of parenting coordination.There are various types of interventions and approaches used by PCs to assist families post separation and divorce.PCs with mental health backgrounds tend to focus on helping children adjust to parental conflict, while PCs who are legal professionals are more likely to focus on the PCs' ability to help families resolve legal disputes.Despite recent calls to involve children within the parenting coordination process, children largely remain excluded from the process.The current study is important because it responds to the calls for empirical evidence to examine the process and outcomes related to parenting coordination and demonstrates the need for additional research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have long treated marital separation as a linear transition that inevitably leads to divorce. Popular sources suggest that some couples separate without clarity about how the separation will end, often to assess whether to divorce or stay married. However, to date, we could not locate any empirical research on this kind of ambiguous separation. With a sample of 20 currently separated persons from around the United States, this study employed a hermeneutic phenomenological design to inquire about the experience of separating from one's spouse when the separation was initiated without clarity about how it would end. Six essential themes emerged: (a) our relationship feels ambiguous, (b) separation is a private experience, (c) separation is a lonely experience, (d) benefits to separating, (e) separation is not sustainable, and (f) the outcome is unclear. The article concludes with a discussion of and implications for the study findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although in Romania the number of divorces is considered to be in a continuous increase, in reality, the data of the National Institute of Statistics show that in Romania, the divorce rate remains constant and in small shares. In 1990, the Romanian divorce rate was 1.42‰ and the latest national INS data show a general indicator of 1.39‰. The low divorce rate in Romania does not imply, at the same time, a high rate of marital happiness in the Romanian family. With many cultural influences, the condition of being divorced does not enjoy much tolerance, so some of the potential legal separation decisions are obscured by traditional imperatives that block or delay the divorce. However, the new legal proceedings after 2010 regarding the option of legal separation at a notary or before the registrar have created the premise of a simplified divorce that avoids the courts, long and frequent appearances, as well as greater exposure. The study aims to analyze the motivations of individuals for divorce at the notary or the registrar, starting from the dilemma of arguing a simplified legal procedure or a decision related to a better protection of privacy. The paper is based on a qualitative research, the method used being the sociological survey, and the research tool - the semi-structured interview. For the data collection, the technique of non-probabilistic qualitative sampling of convenience was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite changing family compositions, entrenched in family law is the antiquated idea that a two-parent household, or its approximation vis-à-vis a shared custody arrangement, promotes stability and integrity and, thus, is in the best interest of the child. Yet, the concept that the two-parent household (or shared involvement of both parents in the child's life if the parents separate) promotes stability for the family and is best for the child is a dangerous fallacy. When rape or intimate partner violence (IPV) is present, or the re-occurrence of violence remains a threat, the family unit is far from stable. This Article explores the legal system's glorification of the nuclear family, its resistance to shifting away from the two-parent paradigm, and how this resistance creates a stability paradox and perpetuates violence against women and children. The harmful impact that the nuclear family paradigm has on families is further explored by an examination of the statutory constructs and judicial interpretations of termination of parental rights (TPR) and custody statutes in cases where a child is conceived as a result of rape or exposed to ongoing IPV. Cases are utilized to examine how courts have interpreted parental rights statutes where a child is conceived as a result of rape. Additionally, a hypothetical case is discussed to explore arguments that may be advanced in TPR cases where children are exposed to ongoing IPV. The Article finds that although there are inherent problems in enacting statutes to terminate parental rights in cases involving rape or IPV, legislation is also a necessary tool for survivors. Model legislation is proposed for termination of parental rights in cases where a child is conceived as a result of a sexual offense or when a child is exposed to ongoing IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study explored lived experiences of separated women in Tamil Nadu, India. Survey of the literature describes: divorced women experience high amount of anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, sleep disorders, stress that adversely affecting their life , self, thinking and putting them in emotional and behavioral problems. The impact of divorce, in the context of India is severe because of social stigma and economic hardship, so this study aimed to know the factors that led to marital separation and psychological well-being of separated women after separation. Participants included in this study were nine (9) women with marital separation. The researcher conducted in-depth interview with the participants. The transcripts were content analyzed by a research team of two, reviewed by an auditor and arrived to consensus of the final themes. The final themes from exploration of women's lived experience revealed dysfunctional marital relationships led to marital separation and psychological well being seen in their resilience, positive relationships and emerging self. The implications for family psychology and future research directions are discussed for Tamil Nadu context in Indian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia is the property of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studies the impact of separation from marital and cohabiting relationships on political party preferences. Relying on longitudinal data (1999–2017) from the Swiss Household Panel, it examines to what extent differences in party preferences between partnered and separated individuals are the result of a selection effect (with individuals who separate having different party preferences prior to their separation compared with partnered individuals) or of a causal effect (with individuals changing their party preferences following separation). The analyses show that partnered individuals are significantly more likely to support a party with Christian values (the CVP) compared with separated individuals, and indicate that this is due to a selection effect. For populist right (SVP) voting, we find a causal effect of separation. Interestingly, the event of separation increases the likelihood of supporting the populist right SVP. While separated individuals are more likely to support the social democratic party (PSS) than married individuals, we do not find a significant selection or causal effect of separation on support for the PSS. Overall, our results confirm the relevance of taking a dynamic approach distinguishing selection and causal effects and reveal that the effect of separation on voters' party choice is modest but significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When families break down, the question of "who gets the dog" is often of fundamental importance to the parties. However, Canadian courts have historically regarded companion animals as mere property and ignored the emotional bonds between family members and their companion animals. More recently, courts have taken a number of approaches, ranging from a traditional property analysis, to one that considers the animal's best interests. Given these developments, the author believes the time is ripe for the law to adopt a more consistent and compassionate approach to the question of companion animal ownership--one that reflects modern-day understandings of the relationships between humans and nonhuman companion animals. In this article, the author contends that Canadian courts should dispense with the traditional property analysis to determining ownership of a companion animal, where purchaser equals owner regardless of the dynamics in the home, and instead adopt a relational approach, which looks to the roles and responsibilities of the parties in relation to their animal, regardless of legal ownership or title. To explain the property-based approach, the author considers Henderson v Henderson and Ireland v Ireland. These decisions illustrate how the traditional approach to determining companion animal ownership ignores the meaningful relationships between humans and their companions by focusing solely on the question of legal title. To illustrate an alternative approach, the author relies on Rogers v Rogers, which considered the interests of the dog in question. The author then considers the recent appellate decision Baker v Harmina, which set out a more nuanced analysis, and suggests that the relational approach to determining companion animal ownership may be gaining momentum in Canadian courts. This approach, seemingly at play in both the majority and dissenting reasons in Baker v Harmina, explores the relationship between the parties and the animal to determine "who gets the dog", rather than only considering who purchased the animal. The author concludes by noting that while there is no easy answer to who gets the dog in family disputes, the relational approach--similar to the analysis that already underlies much of family law-- provides the best means for court decisions to reflect the lived realities of the parties with respect to companion animals. The author suggests that the relational approach, in addition to providing some consistency in an otherwise unpredictable area of law, will help alleviate some of the perceived injustices that surround treating companion animals as mere property by ensuring that relationships between human parties and their companion animals are able to continue beyond family breakdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse analysis of six actors' political lines, their conceptions, and their uses of French secularism (laïcité) between 2013 and 2018 shows that mobilization of laïcité as a value is correlated to the construction of Islam and Muslims as objects of security in France. Perception of military and identity insecurities goes along with mobilization of laïcité as a shield-value of the French Republic that manifests into the desire to reinterpret the French 1905 law on separation of the Churches and the State, in reaction to Muslim practices or religious symbols. Since 1989, laïcité as a value has emerged both as the socially accepted representation of French secularism and the privileged discursive response to contemporary identity and security challenges posed by Islam, while laïcité as a principle has appeared as a counter-discourse defending the liberal spirit of the 1905 law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN THIS ARTICLE, AUTHOR PRESENTS THE WAY HOW, DURING THE HISTORY, MORALS AND LAW INTERFERED IN ROMANIAN CONTEXT AND SHOWS HOW IN DIFFERENT MOMENTS OF HISTORY, CHURCH WAS THE ONE WHICH, THROUGH THE MORALS ALSO CONTROLED THE CIVILE LAW. IT ALSO EMPHASIZES THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILE LAW AND ITS SEPARATION FROM THE MORALS IN THE HISTORY AND IT SPEAKS ABOUT THE CONTEMPORARY SITUATION, BUT ALSO ABOUT SPECIAL MOMENTS OF THE ROMANIAN HISTORY LIKE THE COMMUNIST PERIOD. AREAS LIKE POLITICAL THEOLOGY, MEDIAEVAL HISTORY, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE AND FIRST ONE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE APPARITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN STATE, ARE ALSO FACED THERE, INSIDE AN ARTICLE THAT AIM IS TO BE AN OVERVIEW OF THE WAY HOW MORALS, PRIVATE AND CIVILE LAW INTERFERED DURING THE CENTURIES AND INFLUENCED THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIAN SPACE. IN HIS DEMARCHE, THE AUTHOR USES INFORMATION PROVIDED BOTH BY HISTORICAL, THEOLOGYCAL OR LAW SOURCES, BUT IT DOES NOT NEGLEGTS OTHER SOURCES THAT, AD LEAST PARTIALLY, APPROACH HIS TOPIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Marriage formation and dissolution are important life-course events which impact psychological well-being and health of adults and children experiencing the events. Family studies have usually concentrated on analyzing single transitions including Never Married to Married and Married to Divorced. This does not allow understanding and interrogation of dynamics of these life changing events and their effects on individuals and their families. The objective of this study was to assess determinants associated with transitions between and within marital states in South Africa. Methods: The population-based data available for this study consists of over 55, 000 subjects representing over 340, 000 person-years exposure from the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It was collected from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2016. Multilevel multinomial, binary and competing risks regression models were used to model marital state occupation, transitions between marital states as well as investigate determinants of marital dissolution, respectively. Results: Between the years 2006 and 2007, a subject was more likely to be married than never married when compared to years 2004 − 2005. After 2007, subjects were less likely to be married than never married and the trend reduced over the years up to 2016 [with OR =0.86, CI =(0.78; 0.94), OR =0.71, CI =(0.64; 0.78), OR =0.60, CI =(0.54; 0.67), OR =0.50, CI =(0.44; 0.56), and OR = 0.43, CI = (0.38; 0.48)] for periods 2008 − 2009, 2010 − 2011, 2012 − 2013, 2014 − 2015, and 2016, respectively. In 2008 − 2009, subjects were more likely to experience a marital dissolution than in the period 2004 − 2005 and the trend slightly reduces from 2010 until 2013 [ OR =24.49, CI =(5.53; 108.37)]. Raising age at first sexual debut was found to be inversely associated with a marital dissolution [ OR = 0.97; CI = (0.95; 0.99)]. Highly educated subjects were more likely to stay in one marital state than those who never went to school [ OR =6.43, CI =(4.89; 8.47), OR =18.86, CI =(1.14; 53.31), and OR=2.96, CI=(1.96; 4.46) for being married, separated and widowed, respectively, among subjects with tertiary education]. As the age at first marriage increased, subjects became less likely to experience a marital separation [ OR = 0.06, CI = (0.00; 1.11), OR = 0.05, CI = (0.00; 0.91), and OR = 0.04, CI = (0.00; 0.76) for subjects who entered a first marriage at ages 18 − 22, 23 − 29, and 30 − 40, respectively]. Conclusion: The study found that marrying at later ages is associated with a lower rate of marital dissolution while more educated subjects tend to stay longer in one marital state. Sexual debut at later ages was associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing a marital dissolution. There could, however, be some factors that are not accounted for in the model that may lead to heterogeneity in these dynamics in our model specification which are captured by the random effects in the model. Nonetheless, we may postulate that existing programs that encourage delay in onset of sexual activity for HIV risk reduction for example, may also have a positive impact on lowering rates of marital dissolution, thus ultimately improving psychological and physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Derechos y Libertades is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As part of an effort to predict wrinkling of carbon-fiber tows during automated fiber placement, the cohesive zone traction–separation relations for two carbon fiber epoxy prepreg tows are quantified for Mode I and Mode II loading using a rigid double cantilever beam (RDCB) specimen. An explicit expression for normal traction versus normal separation ( σ vs δ n ) and tangential traction versus tangential separation (τ vs δ t) are derived using static equilibrium equations for an RDCB considering a compressive zone ahead of the process zone. The traction–separation relationships are in term of quantities that can be measured using a full field measurement technique (StereoDIC). The baseline traction–separation relationships in this work are obtained using conditions representative of those experienced by an uncured tow undergoing automated fiber placement (AFP) onto a substrate of a similar material with layup temperature T = 40 ∘ C , pressure p = 1 MPa and contact time t = 1 s. The RDCB specimen is loaded in displacement control at a constant load line displacement rate of 0.3 mm/min. Speckle images for StereoDIC are captured using stereo vision systems equipped for capturing images of the RDCB specimen with a field of view of 100 mm × 75 mm . Analysis of the data obtained for Mode I and Mode II loading shows that the Mode I energy release rate G I = 120 J / m 2 and Mode II energy release rate G II = 255 J / m 2 , with the maximum normal traction σ max = 0.50 MPa and the maximum shear traction τ max = 0.35 MPa . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hans Kelsen rejects both natural law theories and fact-based positivism. Rather, following certain ideas inspired by the neo-Kantian philosophy, he attempts to preserve a clear separation between law and facts as well as between law and morality. As it is well-known, Kelsen's Neo-Kantian ideas are combined with other theses extracted from a positivistic vision of the law. However, as Stanley L. Paulson shows in his very fine paper about the limits of the kelsenian doctrine, Neo-Kantism and positivism cannot be easily articulated in a coherent picture. In particular, Paulson analyses two closely connected problems. On the one hand, the relation between legal interpretation and the 'irregular' creation of norms (i.e., the problem of constraints) and, on the other hand, the limits of purity (i.e., the philosophical problem). In this paper, I will briefly comment on both problems mentioned by Paulson. First, I deal with the philosophical problem and I focus on (i) the distinction between 'Is' and 'Ought' and (ii) the rejection of Natural Law Theories. Second, I analyse the problem of constraints and I pay attention to certain consequences that stem from the validity of irregular norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores connections between the Old English poem "The Wife's Lament" and the Middle High German poem "Diu Klage," suggesting that there are intriguing parallels between the two texts. The author highlights the theme of confinement for female speakers, their separation from their husbands, and associations with inclement weather in both poems, implying that the speaker in "The Wife's Lament" may be waiting to be reunited in her joyless dwelling with her husband.

The article focuses on the interconnection between developmental aid, economic interests, and political goals, examining whether aid and trade in global interactions during the Cold War were intertwined. It explores empirical analyses of economic interactions between state-socialist countries and the Global South, revealing the complex relationship between trade, aid, ideology, and politics during the mid-20th century, shedding light on the entanglements and separations of these activities.

Separations and divorces are nonnormative life events, which may have negative consequences on ex-partners' social ties and social participation. The latter, however, may be protective resources in the post-separation adjustment. The present study focused on the role of volunteering and social ties for expartners' well-being. In a sample of separated parents, we explored whether differences existed between volunteers and nonvolunteers in social ties characteristics (network size, frequency of contacts, and social support), and whether these characteristics mediated the association of volunteering with different dimensions of well-being (satisfaction with life, depressive symptoms, generativity). Results showed that volunteers reported more frequent contacts with friends and higher levels of given and received social support to/from relatives and friends than nonvolunteers. Mediational analyses revealed that frequency of contacts with friends explained the link between volunteering and satisfaction with life and depressive symptoms, while social support mediated the association between volunteering and generativity. A complex picture emerges about the pathways linking volunteering to separated parents' well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marital separation and divorce are stressful life transitions associated with increased risk for a range of poor mental and physical health outcomes. A key task for research in this area is to identify individual differences that may index risk for these adverse outcomes.Purpose: To examine the association between DNA methylation across the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and self-reported emotional distress following marital separation.Methods: Genomic DNA methylation (from buffy coat fractions of whole blood) was quantified in a sample of 47 adults following a recent marital separation; concurrent with the blood draw, participants completed questionnaires on their psychological adjustment to the separation experience.Results: Relatively greater methylation of SLC6A4 was associated with less subjective separation-related psychological distress, and this association held after accounting for participants' age, length of the relationship, time since the separation, and SLC6A4 genotype, b = -211.99, SE = 94.91, p = .03, 95% CI: -402.22, -25.21. Significantly stronger negative associations were observed between methylation and psychological adjustment among participants who had more recently separated from their former partner.Conclusions: Although results derived from small samples must be considered preliminary and hypothesis generating, the current study raises new questions about the role of DNA methylation and psychosocial adaptation to stressful life events such as divorce, and the findings can inform future studies in this research area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las dolorosas secuelas de la última dictadura militar argentina han poblado el imaginario colectivo desde hace décadas, pero recientemente un grupo de artistas ha gozado del entorno propicio para tomar la palabra y reflexionar sobre el pasado. Este análisis reúne dos narraciones pertenecientes a este momento de producción, en las cuales las protagonistas manipulan y modifican fotografías familiares para intentar reanudar el vínculo filial destruido por la ausencia de sus padres. Basándonos en las propuestas de Gabriel Gatti sobre la dificultad de narrar la detención-desaparición, describimos cómo la interacción de imagen y palabra contribuye a enfrentar los obstáculos comunicativos en estos textos. Primero ilustramos cómo las fotografías constituyen una reapropiación de la imagen del militante. Seguido, discutimos la naturaleza paradójica de las imágenes manipuladas, que representan una conexión ilusoria entre padres e hijos y resaltan las fracturas de esas relaciones. Por último, ilustramos la manera en que las fotografías suplen las dificultades involucradas en la construcción del sentido de las narraciones. Argentina's collective consciousness has long been populated by images of the 30,000 people disappeared during the last military dictatorship, yet thanks to a favorable socio-political environment, there has recently been a surge of artistic works that re-examine the country's past. This study brings together two narratives in which there appear photographs that have been manipulated to recreate their broken familial bonds. Based on the work of Gabriel Gatti on the difficulties involved in describing detention-disappearances, we delineate how image and text work together to challenge these obstacles. First, we describe how these photographs constitute a re-appropriation of the image of the militant. Then, we discuss the paradoxical nature of the manipulated photographs, which are an illusion of the connection between parents and children, which ultimately highlights their separation; and finally we discuss how these photographs aid in constructing the meaning of these texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminal law is being broadened from its normative and moral response to wrongdoing to include the capacity to act as a preventive force. As well as reacting to crime that has been committed, it also attempts to control the risk of future crime. In so doing, preventive criminal law makes use of hybrid and retrospective legislation, while reversing or lowering burdens of proof if these are thought to unfairly advantage offenders/defendants, raising important human rights issues. We argue that this emphasis on controlling risk was the response to issues of uncertainty and insecurity generated by post-1970s economic and social restructuring. Where, though, do these criminal law characteristics of “ risk society” now sit, given the contemporary rise of populist politics? Populism promises an end to risk and its attendant uncertainties and anxieties, but it is already extending rather than reversing the preventive capacity of criminal law. This is because populism continuously needs to find new victims that it embraces and pledges to defend against their assailants, law-breakers or otherwise, real or imagined. The focus of risk control thus embraces new populations—refugees, asylum seekers, immigrants of all kinds, legal or otherwise. Conventions such as the rule of law and the separation of powers that might previously have limited such interventions are brushed aside as outmoded examples of elitist thinking. Instead, security is prioritized over residual concerns about due process, while also prioritizing public protection over individual rights [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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