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In her book Epistemic Injustice: Power & the Ethics of Knowing, Miranda Frickerargues that there is a distinctly epistemic kind of injustice, which she calls testimonial injustice, resulting from identity-prejudicial credibility deficit – identity prejudic causing a hearer to give a deflated level of credibility to a speaker's word. Sheargues that testimonial injustice is correctable through hearers developing a capacity for self-correcting for it within a virtue-epistemological framework. In this essay, I examine Fricker's argument, and conclude that Fricker's exposition of identity-prejudicial credibility deficit is sound, but that she has not demonstrated either that testimonial injustice is a distinctly testimonial phenomenon or that identity-prejudicial credibility deficit is a distinctly epistemic phenomenon, or how a virtue-epistemic framework might be successfully employed as a corrective methodology. I further suggest that her conception of testimony as distinctly evidential is too narrow to be applied to everyday instances of identity-prejudicial credibility deficit, and should be reconfigured within a broader framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an account of institutional testimonial justice and describes one way that it breaks down, which we call institutional opacity. An institution is opaque when it becomes resistant to epistemic evaluation and understanding by its agents and users. When one cannot understand the inner workings of an institution, it becomes difficult to know how to comport oneself testimonially. We offer an account of an institutional ethos to explain what it means for an institution to be testimonially just; we then describe how an ethos of institutional testimonial justice can break down when the institution becomes opaque. An opaque institution is especially problematic for individuals and groups already rendered epistemically vulnerable during their interactions with that institution, which we call epistemically vulnerabilised individuals. We articulate the features of an encounter between an epistemically vulnerabilised individual and an opaque institution. We end by tracing ameliorative strategies that could help repair a deteriorated institutional ethos of testimonial justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testimony from victims of gendered violence is often wrongly disbelieved. This paper explores a way to address this problem by developing a phenomenological approach to testimony. Guided by the concept of 'disclosedness', a tripartite analysis of testimony as an affective, embodied, communicative act is developed. Affect indicates how scepticism may arise through the social moods that often attune agents to victims' testimony. The embodiment of meaning suggests testimony should not be approached as an assertion, but as a process of 'articulating an understanding'. This account is deepened in the discussion of testimony as a communicative act. It is argued that testimony must be considered as a relational whole, and thus our aim in receiving victims' testimony should be to honour the relational conditions under which the truth of testimony can be heard. Approaching testimony as the collaborative process of enabling an understanding to be articulated can enhance our conception of gendered violence, whilst also better serving the victims of gendered violence by helping to overcome the lack of trust and excessive scepticism with which victims' testimony is often met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amendments to the Canadian Divorce Act have required that family violence, specifically coercive controlling behaviour, be considered when making best interest determinations for children. This paper (1) outlines how this concealed, patterned, and harmful behaviour presents in family law disputes and (2) sets out considerations for parenting arrangements. It identifies the perils of subjective impressions as well as where the legal system and its interventions may be vulnerable to misuse. Children in families where coercive control is occurring are at risk of harm. The lack of intentional analysis of coercive control does not serve the best interests of the child. Practitioner's Key Points: Coercive Controlling violence is generally the most serious type of violence in family law.Children are directly impacted by coercive control even after separation.The subjective perceptions made by Family law and mental health professionals about family violence impacts the identification of this harmful conduct.Family Law and allied professionals need to identify and understand how the subtle and often concealed patterns of coercive controlling behaviour can present in their files.Family Law and allied professionals need to understand where the legal system and its interventions may be vulnerable to misuse by a perpetrator of coercive control.Best Interest Determinations require an intentional analysis of the presence of coercive controlling behaviours on the part of a parent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that experts' opinion and testimony take on a decisive weight in judicial fact-finding, raising issues and perplexities that have long been under scholarly scrutiny. In this paper I argue that expert's opinions have a much wider impact on legal decision-making. In particular, they may generate a problem that I will call 'the opacity of law'. A legal text, such as a statute or regulation, becomes opaque if a legal authority is not able to grasp its full linguistic content but is nevertheless in a position to use it, thanks to an expert' opinion, in legal decision-making. When this occurs, not only do experts contribute to fact-finding but also to determining the content of the law. In the paper I analyse the linguistic and cognitive sources of this phenomenon, its characteristics and troublesome consequences, and the different kinds of opacity that may affect legal decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eyewitness evidence is often important in criminal cases, but false or misleading eyewitness evidence is known to be a leading cause of wrongful convictions. One explanation for mistakes that jurors are making when evaluating eyewitness evidence is their lack of accurate knowledge relating to false memory. This article examines lay beliefs relating to memory and ways in which they diverge from expert consensus. It identifies ways in which current directions provided to jurors in this area are likely to be deficient in influencing juror knowledge and in helping them apply that knowledge in a case context, and develops criteria that can be used to assess the likely effectiveness of directions. A new evidence-based training direction is designed based on these criteria, and tested in a mock jury study (N = 411). Results suggest that the proposed direction is more effective than a basic direction in influencing juror knowledge and facilitating the application of that knowledge to case facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Varia História is the property of Varia Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates a singular case of maritime marronage from Jamaica to Cuba in the 1760s to explore the possibilities that archives present to reconstruct the mental worlds of enslaved Africans and the multilingual, transimperial Caribbean underground created by their voyages of escape. Reading Spanish/Cuban and British/Jamaican archives together, the article contextualizes the testimony of a Kongolese man who escaped one of the plantations where Tacky's Revolt broke out in Jamaica and made his way to Trinidad, Cuba, by sea. There he claimed freedom as an indentured servant whose term of service was up, using a West African mnemonic device as evidence to do so before a Spanish colonial tribunal. As this man's testimony illustrates, maritime marronage constituted just one part of an escapee's ongoing struggle not only for freedom but also autonomy and refuge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police misuse of strip search powers at music festivals, at train stations, in police vehicles and at other locations has been subject to sustained public attention in recent years. This article traces the evolution of strip search practices in New South Wales, explores the legal and policy context in which they have developed, highlights the individual and social harms arising from them and discusses the need for fundamental law reform. We argue that recent controversies regarding police strip searches and drug detection dog operations in New South Wales show policing to be simultaneously a law-making and a law-abusing power. By examining concepts concerned with how police construct their own working rules, police data and testimony provided to the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission (LECC), we explain how police justify conducting strip searches that should otherwise be considered unlawful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A version of Meno's paradox applies to intellectualism about knowledge-how. If one does not know that p, one does not know (of any way w) that w is a way of working out that p. According to intellectualists, the latter such knowledge constitutes knowledge how to work out that p. One thus knows how to work out that p only if one already knows that p. But if this is right, nobody can work anything out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When widows claimed dower they were normally claiming part of the lands which their husband had possessed during their marriage. But the medieval common law also allowed widows to claim lands which the husband had never held if they had been in the possession of a close relative of the husband at the time of the marriage provided the relative had been present at the marriage and given consent to the endowment made by his or her heir apparent. This paper analyses the sixty or so actions of dower ex assensu found on the plea rolls for the period down to 1307 and in associated law reports. That assent was recorded in a written charter in relatively few cases. In most the court relied in part or in whole on the evidence of witnesses present at the ceremony. Sometimes their evidence alone was decisive. More commonly witnesses were added to a jury which gave a collective verdict on whether consent had been given. These cases provide a valuable reminder that witness evidence was already in the thirteenth century a regular and accepted feature of at least one form of common law action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trial and execution of Charles I have been the subject of considerable historical study, especially in the last twenty years. One aspect of the trial, however, remains largely unexplored: the role of witness testimony. The witness depositions received on 24 and 25 January 1649 have sometimes been dismissed as a mere stalling tactic, intended to provide Charles with further time to consider entering a plea. In contrast, this article contends that the witnesses' depositions shed important new light on the trial. Exploring the witnesses' backgrounds allows us to connect individuals with the regiments of regicides such as John Hewson and John Barkstead. These connections, through the army petitions of 1648, also link the witnesses' testimony and, in broader terms, the trial, with the radical ideas of justice embodied in the Levellers' 'Large Petition'. Connecting the trial with the arguments made in the petitions for justice of the autumn and winter of 1648/9 also allows us to reconsider the importance of the concept of 'blood guilt'. This article suggests that, far from being marginal to the king's trial, the multi-faceted idea of blood guilt not only influenced the court's procedure (in terms of the calling of multiple witnesses) but also was central to many of the witness depositions. Finally, drawing on both historical and philosophical work on personal testimony, the article suggests that the witness depositions may be connected to the broader, non-legal purposes of 'witnessing' in offering narratives of personal suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite ongoing efforts to document the use of khipus (Andean knotted-string recording devices) in the decades following the Spanish conquest, the scenes in which former Inka-era khipukamayuqs (cord keepers) rendered their cords for colonial observers remain unclear. This study confronts this historical blind spot, endeavouring to reconstruct early colonial khipu 'readings' by way of a heretofore unexplored occurrence: scribal modifications entered in transcriptions of khipu-based testimonies before the colonial high courts. Following an overview of evidentiary cord readings and previous treatments of scribal emendations, the prevalence of visible markings is assessed in the largest compilation of khipu transcriptions. Legal proceedings between 1558–1568 before the Audiencias of Lima and La Plata form two case studies. The documents are representative of other khipu transcriptions in lacking an exhaustive description of their own preparation; as such, the possibility that one or more is a secondary copy cannot be entirely excluded. Scribal modifications in three testimonies from the proceedings are deployed as heuristic devices to probe the presentation of ethnocategories and chronology by the cord keepers within this fraught documentary space. Despite the possibility of unattested documentary interference, the case studies attest to slippages in khipu reading that, in their sum, enable the proposal of punctuated narrative cadence, reversions to verbal shorthand, and relational discourse as recurring qualities of early colonial khipu readings. It is argued that this interpretive exercise enables closer study of the relationship between khipus and their written colonial references, serving other inquiries into 'lost' historical scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Socioterapy / Journal Socioterapie is the property of Linguo-Cultural & Translation-Interpretation Centre of Excellence at the Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nóesis: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Revista Noesis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the war crime survivors' shame and testimony in the novel "Comfort Woman" by Nora Okja Keller and the meaning of literary testimony as presented in the book. Also cited are the relationship of testimony and shame as tackled by Giorgio Agamben in his book "Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive," and the testimony of Holocaust survivors like Elie Wiesel.

Courts around the world often have to balance a whole host of competing considerations in determining whether witnesses should be permitted to testify via video link. In Polanski v Condé Nast Publications Ltd [2005] UKHL 10, the United Kingdom House of Lords was narrowly split (3–2) in carrying out this difficult balancing exercise. In February 2020, the Singapore Court of Appeal had the opportunity to carry out a similar balancing exercise in Anil Singh Gurm v J S Yeh & Co [2020] SGCA 5. At that time, very little was known about the coronavirus and its potentially far-reaching impact on judicial proceedings. Now, more than a year later, as the world continues to grapple with the effects of the global coronavirus pandemic, it may well be time for a rethink of the underlying policy considerations surrounding the use of video link evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that there is a stream in the Talmud that attributes the responsibility to one player alone in the case of a joint crime/joint tort and even in dividing the credits for a joint Mitzvah. We used the game theory to investigate which incentives are provided by this approach, which games are created, which games are blocked, and to which results this approach leads. In this paper, we present some Talmudic games. Although in Jewish law, a sinner cannot be a witness, one Talmudic rabbi proposes a rule that, in the case of a joint crime, one of the criminals may testify against a friend (who is the other criminal), but the court will not recognize the self-incriminating part of the testimony. The testimony of the criminal will also neutralize the friend's capacity to testify against the criminal since the friend will be considered a sinner after the initial testimony. We argue that this rule may lead to maximal deterrence. We also investigate other Talmudic rules that impose responsibility on (only) one partner in the case of a joint deed: the halachic rule, which imposes responsibility in the case of bribery on the taker only. Another Talmudic rule that imposes the responsibility on the last player and only in the case of a joint murder/tort/mitzvah that was performed sequentially and the rule that imposes responsibility (only) on the agent and not on the sender. We also investigate the different rules about imposing responsibility on the partners who did not cover a pit. Surprisingly, there are rules that impose responsibility on only one partner, and we argue that this prevents a prisoner's dilemma. This paper is a part of the developing field of the Talmud and Game Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis Filosófica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on a case involving the determination of an omitted spouse's status and their entitlement to select exempt property from the estate, with attorney testimony playing a crucial role in clarifying the decedent's intentions regarding asset distribution.

False incarceration is the process by which an individual is wrongfully convicted for a crime--often due to bearing a close resemblance to descriptions made in a witness testimony or sketch depiction. The current system of criminal lineups consists of seeing groups of four to five suspects at one time for witnesses to distinguish the true criminal. Differing sizes of lineups has yet to be investigated in relation to accuracy of convictions despite the growing unreliability of this methodology. To test the numerical significance of criminal lineups, survey participants were split into three experimental groups that then had to find the criminal from a simulation out of eight possible suspects. The first experimental group was presented with one-person lineups, the second was shown two-person lineups, and the third experimental group was shown four-person lineups. The rate of accurate conviction was highest in the smallest criminal lineups due to the increased time elapsed during the deliberation period. Lineup size and accuracy rate proved to be inversely related; as each experimental group doubled in size, the accuracy nearly halved in response (from 44.4% to 23.7% to 10%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric radiologists have the professional and ethical duty to assist, inform and educate the legal system in regard to matters involving medical imaging in children. These guidelines, drafted by the Society for Pediatric Radiology Ethics Committee and approved by the Society for Pediatric Radiology Board of Directors, provide recommendations for expert legal testimony in pediatric radiology and codify minimal ethical norms for the pediatric radiology expert witness in legal proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric radiologists are frequently summoned to testify in court regarding the imaging of child abuse. This essay provides guidance on how to prepare for trial and what to expect in court. Preparation is paramount and includes meeting with the attorney and reviewing imaging studies, medical records and pertinent reports in anticipation of questioning in court. We also provide guidance to aid in testimony in court. Legal standards for testimony are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1945 and the late 1960s, a large number of Yiddish-speaking Jews lived in Paris where most of them had settled before World War II. In the aftermath of the war, Parisian Yiddish culture – as everywhere else – was deeply marked by the Holocaust and destruction of Yiddish life in Eastern Europe. As the Yiddish dimension of Holocaust memory has mainly been studied through the prism of literature, testimony, and historiography, this essay aims to explore the place accorded to Yiddish in Parisian Jewish commemorations, defined as ceremonies involving different categories of actors, and offering a narrative of the past through speeches, specific places, and rituals. To address this subject, I analyze first the commemorative functions attributed to the Yiddish language, as well as the ways in which it was used to collectively remember the catastrophe. Second, I study the conflicts launched by commemorative uses of Yiddish between Jewish subgroups and between generations. By doing so, my paper intends to consider Yiddish culture after 1945 as a fundamental, but also polemical, element in the production of commemorative practices among Parisian Jews during the two decades following the Liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a general rule, whenever a hearer is justified in forming the belief that p on the basis of a speaker's testimony, she will also be justified in assuming that the speaker has formed her belief appropriately in light of a relevantly large and representative sample of the evidence that bears on p. In simpler terms, a justification for taking someone's testimony entails a justification for trusting her assessment of the evidence. This introduces the possibility of what I will call "evidential preemption." Evidential preemption occurs when a speaker, in addition to offering testimony that p, also warns the hearer of the likelihood that she will subsequently be confronted with apparently contrary evidence: this is done, however, not so as to encourage the hearer to temper her confidence in p in anticipation of that evidence, but rather to suggest that the (apparently) contrary evidence is in fact misleading evidence or evidence that has already been taken into account. Either way, the speaker is signalling to the hearer that the subsequent disclosure of this evidence will not require her to significantly revise her belief that p. Such preemption can effectively inoculate an audience against future contrary evidence, and thereby creates an opening for a form of exploitative manipulation that I will call "epistemic grooming." Nonetheless, I argue, not all uses of evidential preemption are nefarious; it can also serve as an important tool for guiding epistemically limited agents though complex evidential scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Larry Nassar, a once world renowned Olympic doctor, was arrested and charged with child abuse and child pornography in 2016, becoming one of the most prolific abusers in history. The current paper examines Nassar's abuse through the lens of Routine Activities Theory. Drawing from the complete transcripts of 172 victim impact statements read at his trial, a formula for Nassar's systematic abuse was developed. This content analysis illustrates the perceived depths of his motivation, the suitability of his targets, and egregious lack of capable guardians for these victims. Recommendations for additional training to recognize and report abuse, harsher penalties for those who do not report, a shift in the athletic culture of silence, and progress towards a society where victims are believed are presented within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the methodological factors that judges perceive as reasons for excluding the expert testimony of forensic accountants in order to map this rationale onto the Daubert standard. Methodology:. A case study research design using a qualitative content analysis of 34 federal cases involving methodological violations of the Daubert standard was selected. Open and axial coding was applied to the judicial statements to ascertain the general themes as well as the specific categories that constituted those themes. Findings: Judges primarily excluded testimony based on deficiencies in evidence, methods, and reasoning. Deficiencies in evidence and method were isomorphic with the Daubert standard, whereas deficiencies in reasoning were unique to this analysis. Further, these thematic categories were interconnected in ways not explicitly expressed in the Federal Rules of Evidence. Originality/Value: This study provided a detailed understanding of how judges understood methodological deficiencies when applying the Daubert standard in order to exclude the testimony of forensic accountants. Practical insights on what forensic accountants should focus on when analyzing their own methodological concerns is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The towns of Pasni and Ormara were the most severely affected by the 1945 Makran tsuami. The water inundated almost a kilometer at Pasni, engulfing 80 % huts of the town while at Ormara tsunami inundated two and a half kilometers washing away 60 % of the huts. The plate boundary between Arabian plate and Eurasian plate is marked by Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ). This Makran subduction zone in November 1945 was the source of a great earthquake (8.1 Mw) and of an associated tsunami. Estimated death tolls, waves arrival times, extent of inundation and runup remained vague. We summarize observations of tsunami through newspaper items, eye witness accounts and archival documents. The information gathered is reviewed and quantized where possible to get the inundation parameters in specific and impact in general along the Makran coast. The quantization of runup and inundation extents is based on a field survey or on old maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At least one surprise occurs in every arbitral hearing. One of those surprises is when a witness testifies beyond what has been submitted in his written witness statement. Often, such 'out-of-scope' testimony is unexpected, astonishing, and crucial for the outcome of the case. Surprisingly, the adequate handling of such unexpected testimony is unchartered territory: neither arbitral statutes, institutional rules nor the ever-expanding arbitral soft law addresses this important issue. This article reviews if and when arbitral tribunal should permit or reject such 'out-of-scope' testimony. The article establishes five clear-cut rules to deal with that issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Theoretical Studies of Literature & Art / Wenyi Lilun Yanjiu is the property of Editorial Board of Theoretical Studies in Literature & Art and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article shows that human rights NGOs sustain their relevance not by producing testimony texts and witness subject positions, but rather through the social and performative dimensions of events in which witnessing is transformed into testimony. The interactional dimensions between witness and documenter are usually omitted from textual representations due to NGOs' rigid bureaucratic writing, and are also largely overlooked by scholars. Witnessing and testimony are analysed as spatiotemporal sites and occasions of contending with violence and colonialism. Through the peculiar case of Palestinian witnesses and Israeli NGOs' sustained commitment to witnessing and testimony, despite shared acknowledgement of the failures of human rights, the event is theorized as malleable enough to be reshaped by its participants. These additional interactional layers may undermine the very logics of human rights witnessing and testimony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical environments and their images feature increasingly prominently today in efforts to contend publicly with political violence, making aesthetics ever-significant to discourses and practices of testimony. Critics have shown that the publicness of the platforms and practices used in these efforts is marked by disparate levels and types of participation and agency. Relatively underexplored, however, is how those disadvantaged by this disparity navigate it and what role aesthetics may play therein. I explore these questions through fieldwork on architectural memorializations of the 1993 Solingen arson attack where a family with Turkish background were targeted at home in their sleep. I argue that the arson attack has featured in these memorializations not simply as the subject of testimony but also as a force structuring its aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction sets the scene for the special issue through an overview of extant anthropological approaches to witnessing and a discussion of the collection's three main themes: truths, technologies and transformations. It lays the groundwork for a distinctly anthropological approach to witnessing in three ways. First, by drawing together disparate ethnographic takes on witnessing, it expands the anthropological analysis of witnessing beyond its conventional foci (e.g. legal or media settings). Second, it makes a case for attending not only to witnessing's semantics and subjectivities but also to its structural, relational, performative and material dimensions. Finally, it puts ethnographic analyses of witnessing in dialogue with reflexive discussions of anthropological witnessing, asking what each can bring to the other. In a 'post-truth' moment, when our interlocutors are producing their own testimonies and representations, it is vital to rethink what it means for anthropologists to (bear) witness – and who/what we do it for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argument: In the United States, scientific knowledge is brought before the courts by way of testimony – the testimony of scientific experts. We argue that this expertise is best understood first as related to the quality of the underlying science and then in terms of who delivers it. Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), a contemporary forensic science, serves as the vaulting point for our exploration of objectivity as a metric for the quality of a science in judicial contexts. We argue that BPA fails to meet the minimal standard set by Helen Longino's social-procedural account of objectivity (1990, 2002). In light of some pressing issues for social-procedural accounts, we offer an infrastructural account of objectivity. This account offers what amounts to a friendly amendment to Longino's account and adds to the ways in which we might analyze social-procedural objectivity. Finally, we address an issue that is pressing in the legal context: given that scientific knowledge is delivered by individuals, not communities, at least in U.S. courts, we (may) need a way to evaluate individual scientific and epistemic agents. We suggest a means for making this evaluation that is derived from our infrastructural account of objectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much interdisciplinarity brings together proximate fields, broad interdisciplinarity sees integration between disciplines that are perceived to be non-neighboring. This paper argues that the heterogeneity among disciplines in broad interdisciplinarity calls for stricter epistemic norms of testimony for experts that act as translators between the disciplines than those suggested for intra-scientific testimony. The paper is structured around two case studies: the affective turn in social theorizing and the use of quantum mechanics in critical theory as exemplified by Vicky Kirby's use of work by Karen Barad. These are argued to be instances of broad interdisciplinary borrowing where few translators have joint expertise in both disciplines. For most, therefore, the engagement with for instance the integration between quantum mechanics and critical theory is possible only by the aid of translators. For those without sufficient interactional expertise, however, the epistemic credentials of the translations they inevitably rely upon are inscrutable. Furthermore, any comparison between translations is challenged since translations are argued to be few due to the cognitive divergence between disciplines in broad interdisciplinarity. Consequently, the epistemic integrity of broad interdisciplinarity can only be secured through additional norms of testimony for translators. The paper proposes that (a) all translator's testimony in broad interdisciplinarity must aim to be neutral with respect to disputed issues within the relevant disciplines and (b) any deviation from (a) must be clearly highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new obligately cavernicolous species in the planthopper family Kinnaridae is described from Spain. This is the first record of a cavernicolous kinnarid from the Old World, and the first record of a troglobitic fulgoromorphan hemipteran from mainland Spain, and also the 7th cavernicolous kinnarid species worldwide. Epigean Kinnaridae are not known from the present-day fauna of the Iberian Peninsula nor from Western Europe at large. The new species is regarded as a relict from an ancient fauna which is now extinct. The new cavernicolous species could not be assigned to any of the existing genera, thus a new genus is established. Molecular data (COI barcode sequence) for the new species are presented. For the first time, a detailed description of the nymphal morphology of a kinnarid is provided. Information on its ecology, behaviour, distribution and conservation status is given, and biogeographic implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivio di Etnografia is the property of Pagina Societa Cooperativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)