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Given recent concerns around the conceptualization of problematic smartphone use within a medical-addiction model, the objective of this work is to examine an alternative, adaptive, framework in which to conceptualize young adults' experiences of problematic smartphone use. Specifically, this work employed an attachment theory lens to understanding young adults' experiences of problematic smartphone use through examining the relationship between their attachment dimensions (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance), their experiences of problematic smartphone use, and their use of their smartphone as an attachment target. Online questionnaires were administered to 403 participants (ages 18–25). Hierarchical Linear Regression and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationship between young adults' attachment dimensions, problematic smartphone use, and their use of their smartphone as an attachment target. Findings indicate that young adults higher in attachment anxiety (but not in attachment avoidance) experience more problematic smartphone use, and that this relationship is accounted for by their use of their smartphone as an attachment target. Results from this work support the use of an attachment theory framework for understanding what has typically been conceptualized as a behavioural addiction to smartphones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urbanization advances and policies are implemented, farmer's markets, as an important part of urban life, face dilemmas that urgently require academic exploration of countermeasures for market development models. This study takes Xuzhou Jiefangqiao Farmers' Market as an example, and under the guidance of place attachment theory, it integrates the questionnaire and observations, combined with SPSS software to analyze the case place site situation and sort out the factors influencing attachment perception. Extenics innovation method and Superiority evaluation strategy were used to investigate the results of the place attachment study. A quantitative conservation renewal strategy to improve the perception of place attachment of farmers' market users is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethos (00912131) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is an undisputed fact among attachment researchers that children need stability and continuity in their caregiving environment for optimal developmental outcomes. However, anthropological studies show that informal and often temporally limited kinship‐based foster care, including changes of children's primary caregivers, is widespread in some cultural contexts and considered normative and thus beneficial for children. Based on ethnographic interviews with Nso families in northwestern Cameroon, we analyzed the dynamics of caregiving arrangements and relational networks during infancy and early childhood. Exploring household compositions, caregiving responsibilities, children's preferred caregivers, and foster care arrangements revealed multiple caregiver networks, with the importance of the mother decreasing and the importance of alloparents and peers increasing as the children grow older. Also, families have fluid boundaries, with about one‐third of the children changing households in the first three years of life. The Nso children's experiences reflect a relational cultural model of infant care as a cooperative task and a communal conception of attachment. The results are discussed in relation to attachment theory's claims about universal patterns of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment theory sees individual autonomy as childrearing practices' appropriate goal. But many people in the world do not share attachments theorists' validation of autonomy. They instead believe that they should train their children into behavior appropriate to hierarchical relationships, ones predicated on differences in obligations and privileges. Their childrearing techniques therefore include teaching children to experience shame should they fail to know their place. Little attended to until recently in the social sciences, shame deserves study as hierarchy's enforcer, and doing so counters attachment theory's provincialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by attachment theory and the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation model, we used three-annual-wave, dyadic data from a nationally representative sample of 1136 young-adult newlywed couples to investigate two research aims. First, we conducted a Latent Profile Analysis to identify couple-level attachment styles at Time 1 (i.e., within the first 2 years of marriage) based on the combination of husbands' and wives' attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Second, after conceptualizing couple-level attachment styles at Time 1 as vulnerability, we then examined whether finance-specific adaptive processes at Time 2 (i.e., 1 year after Time 1) mediated associations from couple-level attachment styles at Time 1 to marital satisfaction at Time 3 (i.e., 1 year after Time 2). Several findings are noteworthy. First, four different types of couple-level attachment styles were found. Second, for mediators, only perceived partner financial mismanagement mediated associations from couple-level attachment styles at Time 1 to marital satisfaction at Time 3. We discuss how the four different couple-level styles highlight the diversity and complexity in how the two partners' attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance combine together as well as why perceived partner financial mismanagement (i.e., the lack of adaptive processes) mediated associations between couple-level attachment styles and marital satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional attachment (EA) and intelligent personal assistant (IPA) continuance intention. While existing theories emphasize purely rational and goal-oriented factors in terms of information technology (IT) continuance intention, this research examines how users' EA toward technology impacts their continuance intention in the absence of cognitive and habitual factors. Design/methodology/approach: This study contextualizes attachment theory from the social psychology/consumer psychology literature to an IT application and formulates and tests a new model that is proposed in the context of IPA continuance. Five research hypotheses developed from contextualization and application of the theory were posited in a structural model and empirically validated using survey results from IPA users. Findings: The results show that users' EA to IPA use significantly influences their IPA continuance intention, along with emotional trust and interaction quality with the IPA. Originality/value: This study contextualizes attachment theory developed in the social psychology/consumer psychology literature to formulate and test a new model in the context of IPA continuance. This work contributes to the theoretical understanding by investigating IPA continuance intention in the absence of cognitive or habitual factors and fills a critical research gap in IT post-adoption literature. IPA is just one example of technologies to which individuals can form attachments and this research provides an important foundation for future research by positing and testing the value of EA in IT post-adoption behavior. This research also contributes to practical knowledge by inferring that IPA manufacturers, managers and vendors could extend their revenue streams by integrating product features that capture emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite considerable evidence that attachment theory is a valuable framework for understanding educational outcomes, associations between attachment representations, academic burnout, engagement, and drop-out have been largely overlooked. In this study, 290 first-year post-secondary students completed attachment, academic burnout, and academic engagement questionnaires; 15% of the 290 students did not return for their second year. Using Structural Equation Modelling, we were able to simultaneously test the associations among variables while controlling for measurement error which may attenuate or overestimate the associations between variables. We also tested whether the associations were similar when the decision to drop-out was added to the model. Attachment anxiety, but not attachment approach-avoidance, was found to be associated with higher burnout and lower engagement. Furthermore, higher burnout increased chances of drop-out. Implications of these findings for universities include consideration of attachment relationships when developing interventions to reduce student burnout, disengagement, and drop-out is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the success of subscription models in online retail, insights addressing their very relational character remain limited. This research employs interpersonal relationship theory and examines the role of attachment theory in explaining consumer adoption of subscription-based online services on a general as well as on a brand level. Specifically, we propose two conceptual models linking different attachment constructs to the adoption of subscriptions for tangible consumer goods. To address general subscription adoption, we investigate the influence of secure personal and consumer attachment to an unspecified hypothetical online subscription offer from a retailer where consumers frequently buy. We show that secure personal attachment, via the more relation-specific consumer attachment, affects attitude towards adoption of an online retailer's subscription service. Attitudes towards adoption are further influenced by utilitarian and hedonic motivations. To address adoption on the brand level, we expose participants to a specific hypothetical FMCG subscription offer from a brand that consumers frequently buy. We identify an influence of satisfaction on brand attachment which in turn influences consumers' attitude towards adoption. This work advances theory on subscription adoption and is the first to explain it from an attachment theory perspective. In doing so, it holds important theoretical and managerial implications. On a general level, we recommend online retailers offering subscriptions to identify securely personal attached consumer segments, as they are prone to form social bonds. These consumers score high on secure consumer attachment and, thus, are more prone to adopt subscription offers. On the brand level, we identify brand satisfaction as a critical driver for brand attachment. We find that customers that are highly satisfied with and attached to a brand are likely to adopt a subscription offering. Therefore, we encourage managers to create brands that people adore (as indicated by brand attachment) and foster satisfaction to successfully offer subscriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main goal of this study was to examine the interplay between individuals' attachment insecurity and their perceptions of their partners' COVID‐related behaviors (supportive and negative behaviors) in predicting their relationship satisfaction. Background: Stress is a well‐documented risk factor for relationship satisfaction. COVID‐19 related stressors thus pose a challenge to maintaining relationship satisfaction. Although partners' supportive behaviors can play a central role in mitigating these stressors, enduring individual vulnerabilities, such as attachment insecurity, are likely to moderate the effectiveness of supportive (or negative) behaviors. Method: In this two‐wave study, conducted at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Israel, 239 participants in cohabiting Israeli couples reported their current relationship satisfaction and perceived partners' supportive and negative behaviors in response to COVID‐related stress. Participants' pre‐COVID reports of relationship satisfaction and attachment orientations were used to assess the extent to which partners' supportive/negative behaviors interacted with attachment orientations to predict relationship satisfaction maintenance during the first lockdown in Israel. Results: Higher levels of support and lower levels of negative behaviors were associated with greater relationship satisfaction maintenance. Anxiously attached individuals showed greater sensitivity to their partners' support, whereas avoidantly attached individuals manifested lower reactivity to their partners' negative behaviors. Conclusions: Perceived partners' supportive and negative behaviors can predict relationship satisfaction during stressful times. However, high attachment anxiety and low attachment avoidance may render individuals more sensitive to such behaviors. Implications: The results suggest that during times of stress, it is essential to target partners with attachment insecurity to strengthen their supportive skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The associations between attachment relationships, negative automatic thoughts, and psychological problems are theoretically supported and well-entrenched in the literature. Based on the integration of the attachment theory and the cognitive theory, the current study investigated: (a) the mediation effect of negative automatic thoughts in the linkages between attachment relationships (maternal, paternal, and peer attachment) and psychological problems (depressive and anxiety symptoms); and (b) the moderating role of adolescent's gender in the mediation model. The data in this cross sectional study were collected from 936 Pakistani late adolescents (mean age = 17.79 years, SD =.69) studied in Rawalpindi district colleges, through multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants completed a set of questionnaires including Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Urdu, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. The models were tested through structural equation modelling. Results indicated that quality of maternal and peer attachments were indirectly linked with depressive and anxiety symptoms via negative automatic thoughts, paternal attachment was directly and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms, while parental attachment was indirectly related to anxiety symptoms. Additionally, the moderated mediation analysis showed that for females, quality of maternal, paternal, and peer attachment showed indirect association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. For males, only paternal and peer attachment had significant association with depressive and anxiety symptoms through negative automatic thoughts. The current study enhances our understanding of the distinct role of attachment security with mother, father and peers on the differential developmental outcomes of male and female adolescents. Implications are further discussed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas Psychologica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attachment theory (AT) is one of the most popular theories used among professionals working in children and family welfare worldwide. An important contribution relies on the central role of professionals in creating an emotional environment for children and youth psychosocial adaptation and development. Nevertheless, little research has been focused on comprehending caregiving challenges in such complex contexts as RC settings from an attachment theoretical framework. This study will focus on caregivers' narratives on major processes involved when supporting young people, problematizing professional caregiving and relational challenges. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 22 professionals working on four RC facilities in Portugal. Three major themes emerged during the analysis: "it is life we are dealing with, it's not work," "unfortunately (or not) we are human beings" and "someone to listen when you have a monkey on your back." By acknowledging the complex dynamics involved in the caregiving process in out-of-home contexts, this study stresses the need for an important change in the relational paradigm in child welfare, advocating for the role of reflexive practice and self-knowledge as important premises for secure base behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has rarely considered intermediate variables in the association between attachment insecurities and relationship commitment. Based on attachment theory and Rusbult's Investment Model, we tested whether positive and negative partner behaviors explain this association in 91 distressed couples undergoing therapy. Path analyses based on the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model revealed that individuals with attachment avoidance reported perceiving fewer positive behaviors from their partner, which was associated with their own higher under‐commitment. Partners of individuals with avoidance also reported perceiving fewer positive partner behaviors, which was in turn associated with their own higher under‐commitment. Partners of individuals with attachment anxiety perceived more positive behaviors from their partner, which was associated to their own lower under‐commitment. Perceived negative partner behaviors were only directly associated with higher under‐commitment. These findings imply that perceived positive partner behaviors may be a key aspect to target in relationship therapy in couples who present with high attachment insecurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the parental grief process for married couples who have lost a child and the relationship challenges to cope with the loss. The death of a child is a shared experience unique to each couple that can result in the couple moving closer to each other; however, marital problems often develop with the loss of a child. The circumstances surrounding the death are a critical factor in the long-term outcome of parental grief and the strength of the marriage relationship. Effective dyadic coping skills are highlighted for understanding how couples cope with shared grief. I will examine parental loss and marital satisfaction through the lens of Attachment Theory and the Trauma Model. Since grief and loss are universal and a shared experience, many counselors will encounter grief issues in counseling sessions. Yet, grief training is not required in most counselor education programs. With training and experience, counselors can feel more comfortable and knowledgeable in working with grieving clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to use attachment styles theory to explore long‐term relationships in a service context using the mobile market as a case study. Attachment theory focuses on the primary link between maternal loss or deprivation and later personality development. This theory was extended to adult life and commercial contexts. Three attachment styles (secure, avoidant, and anxious) were used as the independent variables. Commitment and trust, as constructs of any relationship, were employed as the mediating variables, while intention to stay and cooperation were adopted as the dependent variables, as indicators of long‐term commercial relationships. A random sample of 1024 members of an online panel participated in the online survey. Structural equation modelling was performed to measure the validity of the constructs through confirmatory factor analysis, and to assess the hypothesized model as a single theoretical structure using path analysis. Associations were found between most of the study variables. Significant mediation effects were found between attachment styles and long‐term relationship indicators, intention to stay, and cooperation, with trust and commitment as the mediators. This study employs a unique theoretical model that has not been previously tested. The model and findings demonstrate that primary psychological structures play a role in creating and maintaining long‐term relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment theory has been linked with the caregiving system, acting as a drive for a mother's behavior towards her offspring. The most dramatic consequence of distress following maternity is filicide. Despite this, only few studies addressed the attachment models of women who committed filicide, and very little provided comparisons with mothers diagnosed with post-partum depression. We described the socio-demographic and psychopathological characteristics of mothers who committed filicide. Our aim was to detect differences in the attachment models between mothers who committed filicide, mothers with post-partum depression and control mothers. Participants and setting: We recruited 19 women who committed filicide (group F) along with 52 women with post-partum depression (group D), and 23 control mothers (group C). We administered a semi-structured interview on socio-demographic aspects and psychiatric history along with the Adult Attachment Interview. We performed an ANOVA, a post-hoc analysis and a logistic regression. The logistic regression showed a higher prevalence of Dismissing and Disorganized attachments in women of group F compared with group C (p = 0.002, p = 0.007). Dismissing attachment was also overrepresented in group D vs group C (p = 0.012). Interestingly, women of group F showed a Preoccupied/entangled attachment to a lesser extent than those of group D, reaching a borderline significance (p = 0.056). Disorganized and Dismissing models of attachment are prevalent in women who committed filicide compared with mothers with post-partum depression and controls, while other models of attachment are less frequent. Therefore, attachment could be taken into consideration to define the risk for committing filicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to examine the concept of self-compassion within the framework of the My Sweet Orange Tree trilogy. To achieve this aim, the factors of attachment theory, schemas, positive psychology, humanist theory, acceptance-commitment therapy, culture, religion, gender and age, which can be effective in the development of individuals' self-compassion, have been tried to be examined. The study was carried out with the document analysis method, one of the qualitative study techniques. It can be said that the results obtained are consistent with the literature. There have been previous studies on self-compassion, but studies examining more factors together are limited. Events experienced by the character Zeze, theoretical perspectives, and environmental factors have helped us to conclude that self-compassion is effective in individual's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saúde is the property of Revista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Infant Mental Health Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social media advertising strategies, including using traditional celebrity endorsers and micro-celebrity influencers, are prevalent marketing tools. However, the trend of using virtual influencers to endorse products is a novel potential way to attract young consumers. This present study aims to analyze the influence of the three types of endorsers (traditional celebrity, micro-celebrity, and virtual influencers) source credibility (i.e., physical attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness) on the purchase intention of the Chinese Generation Z, under varying levels of product involvement, through the mediating effect of emotional attachment. The Hayes Process Macro was used as a statistical analysis tool for our research propositions. Overall, our findings highlight the effectiveness of attachment theory in social media endorsement advertisements. Furthermore, these findings can guide marketers, who desire to respond to the purchase trends of Generation Z, to adjust their marketing strategies accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how attachment theory was adapted and further developed in socialist Czechoslovakia. It analyses the scientific discussions and the influence of the theory on state care policies, especially in residential childcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proximity-seeking in distress situations is one of attachment theory's primary strategies; insecure individuals often also develop secondary strategies. The mechanisms implied in attachment deactivation constitute a key issue in the current debate related to their role in support-seeking. The main aim of this study is to investigate the attachment deactivation strategy and the processes of proximity/support-seeking under distress conditions by analyzing the attentional processes (i.e., an essential emotion-regulation strategy), using eye-tracking techniques. Seventy-two participants (45 female; Mage 23.9 ± 3.97) responded to the ECR-R questionnaire in order to identify their attachment style. They participated in an experimental situation in which they had to choose between pictures of care or pictures of food, following the presentation of threatening or neutral prime conditions (via the pictures' stimuli). Results showed that a care–consistency response pattern was the most frequent pattern of response, particularly under a threatening condition; on the contrary, only avoidant individuals showed a lower care–consistency response pattern by choosing food pictures. The overall findings demonstrate that avoidant individuals used the deactivation strategy to process comfort-related attachment pictures, suggesting that they considered these stimuli to be threatening. The implications for attachment theory and particularly for avoidant strategies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Journal for Bioenergetic Analysis is the property of Psychosozial-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay examines Fiona Perry's début collection of free verse, Alchemy (2020), from the perspective of archetypal psychology and attachment theory. It argues that alchemical symbolism, specifically nigredo imagery, serves to poetically explore the critical notions of change and transition as pedagogical spaces for developing a deeper understanding of life through memory, trauma, loss, and displacement. This process of learning through transitionality is also mediated by the widespread and expressively intensified occurrences of many symbolic, mnestically-loaded and affectively-biased objects of everyday use exerting the function, like Winnicott's transitional objects, of psychic organisers and developmental facilitators in the most critical stages of the speaker's process of personal growth. Moreover, they open up a transitional third space of experience, where the mundus imaginalis and the playful, poetic uses of verbal language act therapeutically as metaphysical intermediaries in the dialogue between conscious and unconscious, matter and spirit, time and eternity, the trivial and the sacred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of a sense of humanness that stems from increasing mechanization, automation, and digitization gives firms an impetus to develop effective ways to humanize products. On the basis of knowledge activation theory, this article systematically investigates a novel humanization approach: the use of typefaces that appear to be handwritten. Across several laboratory and field studies, the authors provide evidence of the positive effect of handwritten typefaces, reveal the mechanisms that lead to these outcomes, and outline some boundary conditions. Specifically, the results show that handwritten typefaces create perceptions of human presence, which lead to more favorable product evaluations (and behavior) by enhancing the emotional attachment between the consumer and the product. However, these effects are mitigated for brands to which consumers already feel a sense of attachment. Finally, the effects reverse when the products are functionally positioned or functional in nature. The present article thus extends understanding of humanization processes and provides guidelines for how and when brands should use handwritten typefaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Introduction to Private Lives," discusses the impact of the Holocaust on children and the subsequent recognition of this trauma by psychiatry. The author shares their personal experience as a child of a Holocaust survivor and the lack of understanding and support they received from psychiatry during their adolescence. The article also highlights the importance of open communication and disclosure within families affected by trauma, as well as the challenges faced by traumatized parents in providing attuned parenting. The author acknowledges the painful influences of their parents' past and seeks a happier and safer existence. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Attachment theory, first proposed by John Bowlby and later extended by Mary Ainsworth and others, outlines how experiences of early childhood attachment with caregivers can affect one's emotional and interpersonal relationships throughout adulthood. Typically, attachment styles are categorised into four main types: secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant and disorganised. Conversely, it is recognised that various biological, psychological, relational, social and iatrogenic factors elements can impact an individual's sexual function. Objectives: Our aim with this research was to present the most current literature on whether there is a correlation between attachment styles and sexual function. Methods: We conducted a non-systematic review on the topic using PubMed and PsycInfo. Results: There is evidence indicating a link between attachment styles and sexual function. People with secure attachment styles tend to experience more positive and fulfilling sexual relationships. Such individuals typically have a more positive self-image, they feel at ease with emotional intimacy, and are therefore able to openly communicate their needs and desires. They exhibit a healthy balance between seeking closeness and maintaining independence. Individuals with anxious attachment styles may experience heightened levels of sexual anxiety and insecurity. Concerns regarding rejection or abandonment within sexual relationships may impact their sexual function and satisfaction. These individuals usually have a negative self-image and may be more prone to seek reassurance and validation through sexual activities. People with avoidant attachment styles may encounter obstacles in developing emotional intimacy and closeness, which can negatively affect their sexual relationships. Such individuals might experience commitment anxiety and prioritise physical aspects of sexual activity over emotional bonding, ultimately decreasing sexual satisfaction for both them and their partners. Disorganised attachment styles are linked with challenges in regulating their emotions and behaviours in intimate situations, which can have a negative impact on sexual function and satisfaction. Conclusions: While the literature proposes attachment styles may impact sexual function, it is important to acknowledge other factors that contribute to sexual function. In addition to biological and iatrogenic factors, individual personality, relationship dynamics, past experiences, and cultural influences all have a significant role in shaping one's sexual behaviour and satisfaction. All of these should be addressed in order to alleviate sexual difficulties. Moreover, attachment styles may develop and change over time through positive relationships and therapeutic interventions, potentially leading to changes in one's sexual functioning and relationship dynamics. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody epitope mapping of viral proteins plays a vital role in understanding immune system mechanisms of protection. In the case of class I viral fusion proteins, recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy and protein stabilization techniques have highlighted the importance of cryptic or 'alternative' conformations that expose epitopes targeted by potent neutralizing antibodies. Thorough epitope mapping of such metastable conformations is difficult but is critical for understanding sites of vulnerability in class I fusion proteins that occur as transient conformational states during viral attachment and fusion. We introduce a novel method Accelerated class I fusion protein Epitope Mapping (AxIEM) that accounts for fusion protein flexibility to improve out-of-sample prediction of discontinuous antibody epitopes. Harnessing data from previous experimental epitope mapping efforts of several class I fusion proteins, we demonstrate that accuracy of epitope prediction depends on residue environment and allows for the prediction of conformation-dependent antibody target residues. We also show that AxIEM can identify common epitopes and provide structural insights for the development and rational design of vaccines. Author summary: Efficient determination of neutralizing epitopes of viral fusion proteins is paramount in the development of antibody-based therapeutics against rapidly evolving or undercharacterized viral pathogens. Advances in the determination of viral fusion proteins in multiple conformations with 'cryptic epitopes' during attachment and fusion has highlighted the importance of epitope accessibility due to viral fusion protein flexibility, a physical trait not accounted for in previous B-cell epitope prediction methods. To consider how protein flexibility might influence antigenicity, viral fusion proteins must have been determined in conformations that correspond with multiple stages of attachment and/or fusion–and have been extensively subjected to B-cell epitope mapping techniques. Despite advances in cryptic epitope determination, the available data is limited to a subset of class I fusion proteins that meet the above criteria. This poses a challenge to computational epitope mapping in generating an informative model that avoids overfitting. Here, we discuss a limited set of descriptive features, that when used in a variety of low complexity classifier models, matches or outperforms other publicly available B-cell epitope prediction methods in out-of-sample tests. From the models we tested, we use the linear regression model to highlight structural insights of epitopes and to demonstrate how this model may provide a novel approach to assess structural changes of antigenicity between viral fusion protein homologues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the present study was to examine whether college students' learning would be impacted by an innovative teaching strategy--the presentation of Secure Attachment Messaging (SAM) during lecture. Students (N = 205) were presented with SAM every other week as part of the regular PowerPoint slides. At the end of each class, they completed a multiple-choice quiz. Their quiz responses were recorded using a student response system. We predicted that the SAM would enhance students' feelings of security, irrespective of their pre-existing attachment schemas, and thereby augment learning. Our hypothesis was statistically supported in that quiz scores were higher for days SAM were used versus not used in lecture. Students' overall percentage scores from the course were compared with three other sections of the same course in which SAM were not used. The percentages from the SAM course were significantly higher than the three other sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine whether the well-documented link between heterosexual parents' secure base support (i.e., sensitivity) and child secure base behavior (i.e., security) was present among Mexican same-sex families with 1-to 6-year-old-children. The sample included 22 child-caregiver dyads from four lesbian and four gay families. Four trained independent observers used the q-sort methodology (Maternal Behavior Q-set/Mother Behavior with Preschoolers Q-set and Attachment Q-set) to describe parents' and children's behavior, respectively. A robust regression model by Siegel method for predicting security with sensitivity as regressor was statistically significant for the whole sample with a statistical power of .89, consistent with the existing evidence in studies with different and same-sex families. Both sensitivity and attachment security are fundamentally relational constructs, not caregiver/child's traits; they are relationship specific, as the results of the regression analysis showed. Despite the sample size, our findings prove attachment theory as a useful theoretical framework to study caregiver-child interactions no matter parents' sexual orientation neither the family structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the rapid development of network technology, the rise of livestreaming shopping platforms has followed. Some streamers influence consumers' preferences for products through their gender role attributes, thus generating great commercial value. Based on attachment theory and using an experimental approach, this study explored the impact of streamers' gender roles (single gender/androgyny) on consumers' preferences through 2 studies. Study 1 shows the androgynous streamer elicits a higher product preference than the single-gender (masculine and feminine) streamer. Study 2 demonstrates the moderating effect of gender stereotypes through 2 experiments to construct clear boundary conditions for the main effect and the results show that regardless of whether the streamer is male or female when individuals have a high gender stereotype, the single-gender streamer leads to a higher product preference than the androgynous streamer. When individuals have a low gender stereotype, the androgynous streamer promotes a higher product preference than the single-gender streamer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic agricultural tourism is an environment-friendly tourism that has emerged in recent years. However, no comprehensive dependency theory discusses the tourists' pro-environmental behavior and well-being from the perspective of the public sphere. This research aims to verify the effect of the four dimensions of attachment and its impact on pro-environmental behavior. This research substantiated that the four aspects of attachment theory had a positive and significant influence on pro-environmental behavior and well-being. Furthermore, place and activity attachment had the highest impact. The results serve as a basis for understanding and motivating tourists' pro-environmental behaviors and assist them in achieving well-being through organic agriculture tourism. This research also suggests sustainable development practices for destination operators or managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment to social media is a serious problem for iGen users. A recent study of social media use by 10,000 iGen users found 36% were on social media for 2 to 4 h daily, and 11% for more than 5 h. Further, users who reported spending more time on social media were significantly more likely to rate their mental health as poor. With the increasing awareness of the dire consequences of addiction to social media, calls have been made to take action against its continued proliferation. Instead of bans on social media, we call for mild policy-based interventions to guide appropriate positive social media use, while minimizing harmful experiences. Attachment Theory is adopted to understand the individual values and feelings of attachment of iGen to social media. We then use the Value-focused Thinking process to organize values to define iGen's attachment objectives. In a final synthesis we present a mild policy-based interventions approach to suggest policy interventions and techniques for social media use to combat over-attachment by iGen users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Psicologia del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Attachment theory represents one of the most important references for the study of the development of an individual throughout their life cycle and provides the clinician with a profound key for the purposes of understanding the suffering that underlies severe psychopathologies such as eating disorders. As such, we conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed-methods analysis on a sample of 32 young women with anorexia nervosa (AN); this study was embedded in the utilized theoretical framework with the following aims: 1. to evaluate the state of mind (SoM) in relation to adult attachment, assuming a prevalence of the dismissing (DS) SoM and 2. to analyze the linguistic attachment profile emerging from the transcripts of the AAIs. Methods: Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using the linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC) method. Results: The results were observed to be consistent with the referenced literature. The prevalence of a DS SoM (68.75%) is observed in the study sample, whereas the results of the lexical analysis of the stories deviate from expectations. Notably, the lexical results indicate the coexistence of the dismissing and entangled aspects at the representational level. Conclusions: The study results suggest a high level of specificity in the emotional functioning of patients with AN, with a focusing on a pervasive control of emotions that is well illustrated by the avoidant/ambivalent (A/C) strategy described in Crittenden's dynamic–maturational model. These findings and considerations have important implications for clinical work and treatment, which we believe must be structured on the basis of starting from a reappraisal of emotional content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and synthesize research results focusing on the work environment of employees with an immigrant background in Sweden. We focus on the main conditions identified in the working environment of immigrant employees and how these conditions may affect their health and well-being. The concept of "minority stress" and the attachment theory are used to understand and interpret the findings. We systematically searched for literature published between the years of 1990 and 2020 in four databases, Web of Science, PubMed, SocIndex, and Academic Search Elite. We started the selection process by reading title and abstracts, then proceeded to read a selection of full-text studies and eliminated those that did not fulfil the inclusion criteria. We did a quality assessment on the full-text studies based on the MMAT-tool, and then performed a narrative synthesis of the results. The results show that immigrants experience several stressors in their work environment, including physical, psychological, and social risks. These risks are, among other things, associated with the nature of the jobs that immigrants are overrepresented in, with minority-related stressors such as discrimination, harassment, and threats on the basis of ethnic background, and with the lack of social support from managers and colleagues. Results also highlight beneficial factors in the immigrants' working environment and show the importance of a supportive, inclusive, and empowering management. Our main conclusion is that Swedish workplaces need to introduce more active measures to raise awareness of and combat workplace discrimination, work harder to promote inclusion at the workplace, and eliminate physical, psychological, and social health hazards specific to immigrant employees. The leadership and management have an important role to play here, as does the employees' trade unions and its special functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies suggest that one's personality relates to their music preferences. Separately, research from an attachment theory perspective has demonstrated that attachment security and insecurity are important relationship‐related individual differences. We combined these two lines of inquiry here by investigating whether the lyrics of individuals' favorite songs about relationships reflect their attachment styles and related Big Five personality traits (Study 1; NParticipants = 469, NSongs = 4853). Individuals higher in attachment avoidance preferred relationship songs with lyrics expressing an avoidant attachment style, whereas individuals higher in neuroticism preferred relationship songs with lyrics expressing more attachment anxiety. We extended these results in a second study, finding that the lyrics of Western culture's 823 most popular songs from 1946 to 2015 mirrored societal trends of increasing social disengagement (i.e., were increasingly higher in attachment avoidance themes), suggesting that song lyrics impart psychological meaning at the sociocultural level as well. Our data therefore suggests that higher levels of attachment avoidance are reflected in preferred lyrics in relationship songs at both an individual and societal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freud wanted to be a scientist but fell short of this goal in several ways: first by attempting to make psychoanalysis consistent with Newtonian physics, second by not being rigorous with the scientific method, and finally, by responding to political and social needs. As a result, science did not welcome psychoanalysis into its fold. Fortunately, this is changing. In the years since Freud's death, two science-based psychoanalytic theories have developed: attachment theory and affect theory. They are both measurable and supported by social psychology, neuroscience, and infant research. We will explore the central importance of affect as well as treatment implications. The work of Bowlby and Tomkins is complementary, and their integration leads to a more complete understanding of psychic phenomena. We will demonstrate how these theorists validate the work of Fairbairn and Winnicott, both of whom remained in the shadow of Freud. Our premise is that the theoretical differences are semantic, based in politics, and that we can bring these theories together should we acknowledge these differences. We will consider how Winnicott's awareness and sensitivity to parental intrusion should be integrated with attachment theory. In doing so, we want to add to Bowlby's idea of "secure attachment" and introduce the concepts of "secure enough detachment" and "secure enough attachment". The former concept appreciates that not all psychic pain comes from abandonment and that privacy and space are profound emotional needs. The latter concept is an effort to move away from absolutistic taxonomy, a shortcoming of attachment theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two theories of the attachment behavior system are reviewed in terms of the evolutionary and organismic mechanisms they propose. The life history theory of attachment (LHTA) maintains that the system is an evolved module comprised of adaptive strategies—the organized attachment patterns (secure, insecure-anxious, and insecure-avoidant). These manifest in early childhood depending on the harshness and unpredictability of caretaking environment. The more recently proposed biobehavioral-cultural model of attachment (BCMA) challenges the modularity claim. It suggests that the attachment system is responsive to reward uncertainty in a manner consistent with schedule-induced behavior—a behavior class subcortically mediated with evolutionary origins in foraging. New ideas are proposed for understanding attachment patterns within the context of verbal behavior development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant women with psychosocial vulnerabilities should be offered perinatal interventions that include a parenting component to ameliorate the potential negative effects of maternal mental health problems and/or poor social network on parenting. One such intervention program is the Circle of Security–Parenting intervention (COS-P). The COS-P is a manualized video-based intervention that based on attachment theory seek to enhance maternal sensitivity and decrease the risk on insecure and disorganized attachment. We carried out a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of a perinatal adapted version of COS-P for women with psychosocial vulnerabilities (e.g. histories of mental health problems and/or poor social networks). Eligible participants (N = 78) were recruited to the study by midwives during regular prenatal sessions. Interventions were delivered individually at home by trained health nurses both pre and post birth. The primary outcome was maternal sensitivity assessed with the Coding Interactive Behavior Manual by blinded coders from video-recordings of mother-infant free play interactions. Secondary outcomes were mother-reported depressive symptoms, parental reflective functioning, parental stress, infant socio-emotional functioning, and maternal wellbeing. All outcomes were assessed at nine months infant age. We did not find an effect of the intervention on the primary outcome of maternal sensitivity (β = -0.08; 95% CI [-0.41, 0.26], p =.66). Neither did we find intervention effects on the secondary outcomes of depressive symptoms, parental reflective functioning, maternal well-being, or infant socio-emotional functioning. We did however find that the intervention decreased parental stress (β = -8.51; 95% CI [-16.6;-0.41], p =.04). The results are discussed in light of existing findings on the effect of COS-P and sample heterogeneity. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of adapting the COS-P for pregnant women, some without prior experiences with caregiving. Future research with larger at-risk samples examining moderation factors (e.g. adult attachment, depression maternal-fetal attachment) are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there have been numerous studies on the relationship between corporate philanthropy and corporate financial performance (CFP), theoretical analysis focusing on the legitimacy-based mechanism and the moderating role of key executives' psychological characteristics is scarce. Hometown attachment is a special form of place attachment in environmental psychology, which reflects people's psychological attachment to their hometown and the state of maintaining an intimate emotional connection with it. Based on Scott's three-pillar institutional perspective, this study traces its origins from the Chinese cultural context, and discusses the legitimacy basis of donations in the Chinese cultural context and why donations can improve CFP. On this basis, the moderating effect of the chairman's hometown attachment on the corporate donation-performance relationship is empirically tested. Through logical deduction, hometown attachment may form legitimacy pressure to weaken the above relationship or leverage more legitimacy resources to strengthen such a relationship. Which effect dominates? The empirical results in this study of A-share listed firms from 2009 to 2018 show that the moderating role of hometown attachment is more in line with the resource theory than the former pressure theory. Further research shows that the government and consumers are important providers of these legitimacy resources. This study reveals the mechanism for legitimacy acquisition through corporate donations in the Chinese context and answers the question of what the chairman's hometown attachment brings about to their donation performance, providing some inspiration for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is being increasingly recognized that providing human trafficking education (HTE) in schools is an effective prevention tool. Yet, the strategies that may be utilized in delivering these programs have not been fully established. The purpose of this paper is two fold. First, the paper discusses the importance of providing human trafficking education in schools, with a particular emphasis on urban schools. Second, the paper utilizes an attachment theory perspective to suggest strategies for trauma informed human trafficking education in schools. This work draws upon recent research in trauma-informed education and practice, and uses an attachment theory perspective to discuss ways to incorporate well-researched strategies and tools into potential curricula for human trafficking education. In the absence of trauma informed strategies incorporated into school education, the effectiveness of anti-trafficking initiatives may be highly compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reader will also gain exposure to thinking meaningfully about food-related enactments, transference-countertransference dynamics, as well as food and eating culturally, interpersonally, and emotionally. The book, I Attachment, Relationships and Food: From Cradle to Kitchen i is a collection of articles edited by Linda Cundy exploring topics centring around food, eating, and relationships within social, cultural, and clinical contexts through the lens of Attachment Theory. In Chapter 2, Galton explored how men and boys may experience and express attachment patterns through their relationships with food and eating. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Doll therapy (DT) is a non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). We designed a single-blind randomized controlled trial of the 30-day efficacy of DT in reducing the BPSD, professional caregivers' distress and patients' biomarkers of stress, and in improving the exploration and caregiving behaviours. Methods: We randomly assigned 134 women with moderate-to-severe dementia living in nursing homes (NHs) to a DT intervention (DTI, 67) or a sham intervention with a cube (SI, 67). Results: From the first to the 30th session, the DTI group showed a significant decrease in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-NH (NPI-NH) total score and in the NPI-NH-Distress score compared to the SI group (both p < 0.001). We observed a greater interest in the doll than in the cube, a greater acceptance of a separation from the nurse among DTI participants, and caregiving and exploratory behaviours towards the doll. There were no differences between the groups in the stress biomarkers. Conclusions: Consistent with attachment theory, our findings support the 30-day efficacy of DT, as this non-pharmacological intervention promotes perceptions of security by creating a situation in which patients feel confident and engaged in a caregiving relationship with the doll and reduces the challenging behaviours that are stressful for professional caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Support at work has been linked to a wide range of positive individual and organizational outcomes. However, research to date has overlooked its influence on career-related outcomes. Drawing on attachment theory, we examined the relationship between instrumental support and two aspects of subjective career success—job satisfaction and career satisfaction—and the mediating and moderating roles of relational attachment and personal support, respectively. Results from survey data collected from employees working in Poland provide support for our hypothesized relationships. The findings contribute to a richer understanding of how and when employee subjective career success is influenced by social support and positive relationships in work life. Our findings have theoretical implications for social support, positive workplace relationships, and career success literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Infant Mental Health Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attachment theory postulates that three behavioral systems-attachment, caregiving, and sex-are essential for optimal relationship functioning in couples. We examined the contribution of attachment insecurities, perceived partner support, and sexual satisfaction to relational instability in 274 couples seeking relationship therapy. The results underscore the importance of all three systems for relationship stability, showing that for both men and women, avoidance of intimacy, low perceived partner support, and low sexual satisfaction were significant and concurrent predictors of relational instability. As such, intervening on factors associated with all three behavioral systems might help reduce relationship instability in couples experiencing relationship distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]