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This article describes the division of the Sogd oasis into historical-geographical regions through the Chinese, Arabic, Greek and Sogd written sources, the historical naming of the regions, the dynasties involved in Political Management, the military and political relations established between the Sogd and the Khanate, as well as the relations of the ambassadors. At the same time, foreign and Uzbek scientists conducted research on the sources in the XIX-XX centuries were analyzed.

The evaluation of the natural history of NASH has been limited. Currently, liver biopsy remains the gold standard in the assessment of NASH. Placebo-controlled trials represent a controlled environment with paired biopsies for the evaluation of NASH. This meta-analysis thus seeks to quantify the change severity of NASH over time, with patients on placebo arms from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the natural history of NASH.A search was conducted to include NASH RCTs with placebo treatment arms. Primary outcomes were (1) the resolution of NASH without worsening of fibrosis, (2) two-point reduction in NAFLD activity score without worsening of fibrosis, and (3) at least one-point reduction in fibrosis. Generalized linear mix model was used to estimate pooled proportion and mean differences.This meta-analysis of 43 RCTs included 2649 placebo-treated patients. The pooled estimate of NASH resolution and two-point NAFLD activity score reduction without worsening of fibrosis was 11.65% (95% CI: 7.98-16.71) and 21.11% (95% CI: 17.24-25.57). The rate of ≥1 stage reduction and progression of fibrosis was 18.82% (95% CI: 15.65-22.47) and 22.74% (CI: 19.63-26.17), respectively. Older age and African American ethnicity was associated with lower NASH resolution rate in placebo-treated patients.Despite the absence of any pharmacological interventions, a significant proportion of patients in the placebo arm demonstrated improvements in liver histology, highlighting the possibility that NASH is a disease that can not only progress but regress spontaneously over time. Additionally, histologic response in placebo-treated patients is helpful in future design of phase 2B and phase 3 trials.

Adolescents and emerging adults from marginalized groups (e.g., racial/ethnic, sexual, and gender minorities; rural-living) have disproportionately higher risk of mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and behaviors) and substance use than their peers from non-marginalized groups. Loneliness and perceived isolation are well-known predictors of mental health problems, and their prevalence among youth and emerging adults has significantly increased in the last decade. However, there is limited research to identify modifiable psychosocial, familial, interpersonal (in person and on social media), and structural factors that could reduce loneliness and perceived isolation in this population. We will partner with community-based organizations that serve marginalized youth and emerging adults with lived experience, to contextualize the experiences of feeling lonely and isolated. Then, we will leverage mixed methods (longitudinal survey study, focus groups/individual interviews) and social media data to uncover psychosocial, familial, interpersonal, and structural correlates of loneliness and perceived isolation, which can be used as targets for behavioral interventions for reducing loneliness, isolation, and associated mental health problems. We will use our findings to apply for extramural funding at the National Institutes of Health, which has calls directly related to loneliness and isolation (funding opportunities PAR-21-131, PAR-21-350, and PAR-21-134).

Attached are the data and codes used in the new method proposed to digitise paper-based cadastral data using GIS and end-to-end deep learning techniques

Li-Li Yang,1,2,* Ping Peng,1,3,* Yun-Hong Lin,3 Ting Zhou,4 Xiao-Xue Ren,1,3 Wei-Qi Wang,1 Xing-Xing Li1,3 1Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xing-Xing LiDepartment of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 1088 Haiyuan Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13759581696Fax +86 87165330099Email lxx_drli1862@163.comObjective: This study aims to measure and analyze the lip and tooth dynamic esthetic characteristics at rest and during speech in order to provide a reference for its esthetic design and restoration among the Hani and Han populations in Yunnan Province, China.Methods: Subjects of Hani and Han ethnicity in Yunnan were selected using multistage stratified sampling and inclusive criteria. The lip and tooth dynamic esthetic characteristics of the subjects at rest and during the pinyin pronunciation of “me”, “yi”, “fu”, and “si” were recorded using digital photography and analyzed with computer software.Results: No statistical difference was detected between the Hani and Han groups in the upper central-incisor display, when pronouncing the pinyin “yi”. Furthermore, there were no statistical differences in lip dynamic esthetic parameters between the Hani and Han groups, except for the distance between the upper and lower lips when pronouncing “si”. There were three kinds of correlation between the upper central-incisor edge and lower lip: separation, contact, and overlap.Conclusion: The display of upper central incisors and the mouth width of Hani people are larger than those of Han people when at rest. When the pinyin “si” is pronounced, the display of upper central incisors and the upper–lower lip distance of Hani people is less than that of Han people due to labial muscle movement.Keywords: Hani, Han, pronunciation, lip and tooth aesthetics, digital videography

Rui Duan,1,* Si-Yu Wang,1,* Bin Wei,1 Yang Deng,2 Xin-Xin Fu,2 Peng-Yu Gong,1 Yan E,1 Xiao-Jin Sun,2 Hai-Ming Cao,1 Jian-Quan Shi,1 Teng Jiang,1 Ying-Dong Zhang1,2 1Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Teng Jiang; Ying-Dong ZhangDepartment of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail jiang_teng@njmu.edu.cn; zhangyingdong@njmu.edu.cnObjective: Emerging evidence suggests that brain angiotensin-(1– 7) (Ang-(1– 7)) deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Meanwhile, our previous studies revealed that restoration of brain Ang-(1– 7) levels provided neuroprotection by inhibition of inflammatory responses during AD progress. However, the potential molecular mechanisms by which Ang-(1– 7) modulates neuroinflammation remain unclear.Materials and Methods: APP/PS1 mice were injected intraperitoneally with AVE0991 (a nonpeptide analogue of Ang-(1– 7)) once a day for 30 consecutive days. Cognitive functions, neuronal and synaptic integrity, and inflammation-related markers were assessed. Since astrocytes played a crucial role in AD-related neuroinflammation whilst long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported to participate in modulating inflammatory responses, astrocytes of APP/PS1 mice were isolated for high-throughput lncRNA sequencing to identify the most differentially expressed lncRNA following AVE0991 treatment. Afterward, the downstream pathways of this lncRNA in the anti-inflammatory action of AVE0991 were investigated using primary astrocytes.Results: AVE0991 rescued spatial cognitive impairments and alleviated neuronal and synaptic damage in APP/PS1 mice. The levels of Aβ1-42 in the brain of APP/PS1 mice were not affected by AVE0991. By employing high-throughput lncRNA sequencing, our in vitro study demonstrated for the first time that AVE0991 suppressed astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation via a lncRNA SNHG14-dependent manner. SNHG14 acted as a sponge of miR-223-3p while NLRP3 represented a direct target of miR-223-3p in astrocytes. In addition, miR-223-3p participated in the AVE0991-induced suppression of astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome.Conclusion: Our results suggest that Ang-(1– 7) analogue AVE0991 inhibits astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation via SNHG14/miR-223-3p/NLRP3 pathway and offers neuroprotection in APP/PS1 mice. These findings reveal the underlying mechanisms by which Ang-(1– 7) inhibits neuroinflammation under AD condition and uncover the potential of its nonpeptide analogue AVE0991 in AD treatment.Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, AVE0991, lncRNAs, SNHG14, miR-223-3p, astrocyte, neuroinflammation

Xiao-Xiao Jin,1,2 Yan-Fei Xu,2 Xiang Ying,1 Ye-Qing Qian,2 Peng-Zhen Jin,2 Min-Yue Dong2 1Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Min-Yue DongDepartment of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18957100183Fax +86-571-87061878Email drdong_dmy1226@163.comObjective: This paper analyzes the clinical significance of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal chromosome aneuploidy in the screening of in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF) pregnancies.Methods: The study subjects consisted of 3163 IVF-pregnant women who underwent NIPT at the Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University and Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province from February 2015 to June 2019. Fetal or neonatal karyotype analysis was carried out in high-risk patients, with subsequent follow-up on pregnancy outcomes.Results: NIPT results of 3163 pregnant women suggested 20 cases of high-risk fetal chromosome aneuploidy, of which 2185 cases were a single pregnancy. Of the 13 cases of high-risk chromosome aneuploidy in single pregnancies, seven were true positive, and six were false positive according to fetal or newborn chromosomal karyotype diagnosis. Twin pregnancies accounted for 978 cases in which NIPT indicated seven cases of high-risk chromosome aneuploidy; six of these cases were true positive, and one case was false positive according to fetal or newborn chromosomal karyotype diagnosis. The specificity, positive predictive value, and false-positive rate of trisomy 21 syndrome in IVF single embryo NIPT were 99.86%, 62.5%, and 0.14%, respectively. The specificity, positive predictive value, and false-positive rate of trisomy 18 syndrome were 99.95%, 66.67%, and 0.05%, respectively. The specificity of trisomy 13 syndrome was 99.91%, and the false-positive rate was 0.09%. The specificity of trisomy 21 syndrome in IVF twin NIPT was 99.89%, the positive predictive value was 83.33%, and the false-positive rate was 0.11%. The specificity and positive predictive value of fetal trisomy 18 syndrome were 100.00%, and the false-positive rate of it were 0.00%. Sensitivity and false-negative rates were 100% in all cases.Conclusion: NIPT is an ideal prenatal test for IVF-pregnant women due to its high sensitivity and specificity in screening for fetal aneuploidy.Keywords: in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer, pregnancy, noninvasive prenatal testing, chromosome, aneuploidy, amniotic fluid

Li-Zhou Wang,1,* Xiao-Xia Hu,2,* Xiang-Chun Shen,2,3 Tian-Cheng Wang,4 Shi Zhou1 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China; 2The State Laboratory of Functions and Application of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tian-Cheng WangDepartment of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 15073190153Email 421176806@qq.comShi ZhouDepartment of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13809477708Email zhoushi@gmc.edu.cnObjective: To investigate the sustained release of lidocaine from a lidocaine–epirubicin–lipiodol emulsion created by water-in-oil (W/O) technique in vivo and evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraarterial lidocaine administration for intra- and postoperative pain control in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: The in vivo concentrations of lidocaine were determined in tumor tissues after VX2 rabbit models for hepatic tumor were administered with intra-arterial lidocaine–epirubicin–lipiodol emulsion. A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was performed, enrolling 70 consecutive patients who underwent TACE. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A received an immediate bolus intraarterial lidocaine injection before TACE, and Group B received a lidocaine–epirubicin–lipiodol emulsion during TACE. Pain intensity was compared between the two groups using a visual analog scale (VAS) score before (Tbefore) and at 0 h (T0), 4 h (T4), 8 h (T8), 24 h (T24), 48 h (T48), and 72 h (T72) after the procedure. Adverse events and intake of analgesics were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results: The concentrations of lidocaine in tumor tissues were higher in experimental group than in control group at T0.5 (P=0.004), T1 (P=0.038), T4 (P=0.036), and T8 (P=0.029). In the clinical trial, VAS scores in Group B were significantly lower than in Group A at T0 (P=0.006), T4 (P=0.001), T8 (P=0.002), and T24 (P=0.005). The tramadol intake in Group B was significantly lower than in Group A (P=0.021). No significant difference was observed regarding the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of intraarterial lidocaine administration using the W/O technique in controlling intra- and post-TACE pain.Keywords: carcinoma, hepatocellular, chemoembolization, therapeutic, lidocaine hydrochloride, pain management

Xiao-Xiao Yang,1,2 Chao Yang,2 Li Wang,2 Ying-Bo Zhou,2 Xiang Yuan,2 Nan Xiang,2 Yi-Ping Wang,3 Xiao-Mei Li1,2 1School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 3Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sdyney, NSW, 2145, AustraliaCorrespondence: Xiao-Mei Li Email lixiaomei@ustc.edu.cnObjective: Although extensive research has been carried out on CD4+T cells infiltrating the labial glands in patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS), it is still unclear how CD4+T cells remain in the labial gland tissue and develop into tissue resident cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which CD4+T reside in labial glandular tissue of pSS patients.Methods: Lymphocyte infiltration in labial salivary glands (LSG) of pSS patients was detected by H&E staining. Expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) in LSG was examined by Immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence analyses were utilized to detect the co-expression of CD4, CD69 and S1PR1 in T cells of LSG of pSS patients. Expression of gene S1pr1 in peripheral blood CD4+T cells of healthy controls and pSS patients was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR). QPCR was used to examine the expression of gene S1pr1, Klf2, and Cd69 in the CD4+T cells that were co-cultured in vitro with cytokines TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-33.Results: S1PR1 was expressed in the infiltrating monocytes in LSG of pSS patients, and S1PR1 was weakly or even not expressed in cytoplasm of CD4+CD69+TRM cells of LSG in patients with pSS. Expression of gene S1pr1 in peripheral blood CD4+T cells of pSS patients was about three-fifths of that of healthy controls (P < 0.05). Expression of genes S1pr1 (P < 0.001) and Klf-2 (P < 0.001) was significantly decreased, and the expression of gene Cd69 (P < 0.05) was significantly increased in peripheral blood CD4+T cells of pSS patients co-cultured in vitro with cytokines TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-33.Conclusion: Our study suggests that the decrease of S1pr1 gene expression may provide a molecular basis for promoting the tissue retention and development of CD4+CD69+TRM cells.Keywords: primary Sjogren’s syndrome, S1PR1, CD4+TRM

Zu-Qin Yang,1 Jing-Yun Mai,2 Min-Li Zhu,2 Xiu-Man Xiao,2 Xiao-Xiao He,2 Shang-Qin Chen,2 Zhen-Lang Lin,2 Xing Feng1 1Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xing FengDepartment of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, No. 92 Zhongnan Street, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 0512 80692700Fax +86 0512 80693599Email fengxing1938@21cn.comBackground: Neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (NVAP) is one of the main infections acquired in hospitals, and soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) are a TREM-1 subtype that can be released into the blood or bodily fluids during an infection.Methods: The patients included in the present study were divided into three groups: the NVAP group, the first control group, and the second control group (n = 20, each). Children requiring respiratory treatment were assigned to the NVAP group, newborns who received mechanical ventilation and had neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were assigned to the first control group, and newborns with normal X-ray and electrocardiogram results but no non-pulmonary infection was assigned to the second control group. The blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sTREM-1 levels in all newborns were analyzed.Results: The acute-phase blood and BALF sTREM-1 levels were significantly higher in the NVAP group than in the first control group, and the blood sTREM-1 expression level was lower in the second control group than in the NVAP group.Conclusion: The present results suggest that sTREM-1 might be a useful biomarker for NVAP prediction in the Department of Pediatrics.Keywords: pneumonia, neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia, soluble TREM-1, neonate, C-reactive protein

ChunYing Cui,1 Lie Wang,1 XiaoXi Wang2 1Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Center, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: XiaoXi Wang Email xiaoxiwang@cmu.edu.cnBackground: Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological causes of distress in infertile women. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and investigate the effects of self-esteem on the association of infertility-related stress with depression and anxiety among infertile women.Methods: This study was conducted between December 2017 and May 2018. Questionnaires containing Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were distributed among 536 female infertility patients in Shenyang, China. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to examine the mediating and moderating role of self-esteem. Baron and Kenny’s technique, asymptotic, and resampling strategies were used to confirm the mediating role of self-esteem on the associations between infertility-related stress with depression and anxiety.Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 27.9% and 42.2% among Chinese female infertility patients, respectively. Infertility-related stress was positively associated with depression and anxiety, whereas self-esteem was negatively associated with depression and anxiety. Additionally, the effects of infertility-related stress on depression and anxiety gradually decreased along with an increase in self-esteem. Meanwhile, self-esteem partially mediated the associations between infertility-related stress with depression and anxiety.Conclusion: A high prevalence of psychological distress was found among infertile women. Self-esteem mediated and moderated the effects of infertility-related stress on depression and anxiety. Additionally, infertility-related stress and self-esteem were associated with psychological distress, which explained why infertile women had a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety. Therefore, interventions that focus on self-esteem may be effective and should be used as a resource to combat mental health problems.Keywords: infertility-related stress, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, infertility

Hui Ma,1,2 Ping Kuen Lam,3 Wing Sum Siu,1,2 Cindy See Wai Tong,3 Kin Ki Yan Lo,3 Chi Man Koon,1,2 Xiao Xiao Wu,1,2 Xiang Li,1,2 Wen Cheng,1,2 Wai Ting Shum,1,2 Ping Chung Leung1,2 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China; 3Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of ChinaCorrespondence: Ping Chung LeungInstitute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of ChinaTel +85222528868Email pingcleung@cuhk.edu.hkIntroduction: The biological role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in wound healing has been demonstrated. However, there were limited studies on the healing effect of secretome which consists of many biological factors secreted by MSCs. In this study, we aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of secretome with MSCs on facilitating wound healing.Methods: Green fluorescent protein labelled adipose-derived MSCs (GFP-ADMSCs) or secretome was injected in the full-thickness skin excision model on SD rats. The wound healing process was evaluated by calculating the healing rate and the histological examinations on skin biopsy. The cell viability, proliferation and mobility of the rat dermal fibroblasts were compared after different treatments. The inflammatory response in macrophages was indicated by the level of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines through NO assay and ELISA.Results: On day 5 and day 14, both MSCs and secretome accelerated the wound healing, secretome further enhanced the process. GFP-MSCs were detected 10 days after transplantation. The level of IL-6 and TNF-α in blood was reduced after MSCs and secretome treatments. The expressions of VEGF and PCNA were increased after treatment, higher intensity of VEGF was observed in secretome-injected tissue. The concentrations of total protein and VEGF in secretome were 2.2 ± 0.5 mg/mL and 882.0 ± 72.7 pg/mL, respectively. The cell viability and proliferation of FR were promoted significantly after the treatment. The scratch test showed that secretome accelerated the wound healing speed. Secretome reduced the metabolism of macrophages remarkably, but it did not decrease the level of macrophage-secreted NO. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α) was downregulated significantly.Conclusion: Our study indicated both MSCs and MSCs-derived secretome enhanced the wound healing process in early phase. Secretome further promoted the healing effects through promoting the fibroblast proliferation and migration and suppressing the inflammatory response.Keywords: MSCs, secretome, wound healing, local injection, skin

Studies consistently reported that social comparison could strongly affect individual self-evaluation and decision-making. The two types of comparison, downward comparison (comparing to worse-off others) and upward comparison (comparing to better-off others), would generate different social consequences. Some studies suggested social comparison can influence interpersonal relationships [Baumeister and Leary, 1995; Brosnan et al., 2005; Mitchell and Heatherton, 2009], and cause envy and scorn experiences that increase the psychological distance between people [Fiske, 2010]. The present study examines how the social comparison on social preference (e.g., one person prefers me over others) affects people to make decisions and learn about other people. We create three conditions, “he/she prefers you” (like downward comparison), "he/she prefers others" (like upward comparison), and a control condition to examine the effects of social comparison of preferences on social perception and further interpersonal interaction.

This study aims to examine the effects of partner's cooperation likelihood (high vs. low) and of the volatility of partner's behaviors on one's behavior responses and learning process. This is a followed-up study. Our previous study found that i) partner's stable cooperation behaviors increased participant's intrinsic reward from reciprocity, and ii) partner's volatile cooperation behaviors increased participant's learning rate of updating the likelihood of partner's cooperation behaviors. These results can not be explained clearly because the manipulation of volatility was confounding with the partner's cooperation rate (high cooperation in stable condition and low cooperation in volatile condition). To explain the effect of the volatility of social enviroment clearly, in this study we manipulate partner's cooperation rate (low vs. high) and the volatility of partner's behaviors (stable vs. volatile).

The purpose of this study is to investigate how does social volatile environments (partner's responses) affect the hidden psychological variables during repeat cooperation interaction. This is a follow-up study. Our previous study used the similar design had found that higher volatility with lower cooperation rate of partner's responses increased participant's learning rate and decreased intrinsic reward of reciprocity during repeat cooperation interaction. This results can not be explain clearly because the manipulation of volatility is confounding with cooperation rate. This study aims to recover the findings by controlling cooperation rate. We will manipulate the volatility of two social environments (i.e., partner's cooperation behaviors), but the averaged cooperation rate will remain the same between two environments. We will conduct another follow-up study to examine the effect of cooperation rate by controlling volatility, which would be registered in OSF in another project.

Ge-Di Zhang,1,* Xi-Xi Liu,2,* Jia-Lang Liang,3 Qi-Ming Hu4 1Department of Endocrinology, Yuncheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuncheng, 274700, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Yichun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichun, 336000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Foshan, 528000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qi-Ming HuDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 445 of Bayidadao Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 79107702803Email huqimingqw_as@163.comObjective: This study aimed to summarize the distribution pattern of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: The frequency, characteristics and distribution of all TCM syndromes of 549 patients with T2DM were analyzed.Results: The average age of T2DM onset was higher in women than in men (ie, men experienced earlier onset). The distribution of TCM syndromes, in order of frequency, was as follows: damp-heat trapping spleen (including spleen deficiency and dampness, damp heat due to spleen deficiency, and qi weakness due to spleen deficiency) (58.29%), qi-yin deficiency (16.03%), deficiency of yin and excessive heat (12.93%), blood stasis in collaterals (9.41%), and yin-yang deficiency (3.21%). The physical intensity of patients’ occupational activity was mainly light (49.6%), followed by heavy (31.4%) and moderate (19.0%).Conclusion: Damp-heat trapping spleen is the most common TCM syndrome in patients with T2DM, with damp heat due to spleen deficiency the most significant subtype. This syndrome tends to occur in people over the age of 60 and those undertaking too much or too little physical activity in their occupational activities. The traditional “three more and one less” symptoms do not adequately describe the clinical symptoms of T2DM.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, TCM syndrome differentiation, damp heat due to spleen deficiency, epidemiology, clinical symptoms

Xiaoyan Chang,1 Pei Zhang,1 Xing-Xin Xu,1 Bo Pang2 1Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bo PangThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 0551-62922913Email Bopang1217@163.comObjective: Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) has been proven to affect anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and hypoxia tolerance. This study investigates the effect of TGP on autophagy in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods: Rat model of AKI induced by I/R was established. Rats were administered with TGP at different doses by oral gavage. The contents of BUN, creatinine, NGAL, Kim-1 and IL-18 were detected. The levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and autophagy were measured. The expressions of lncRNA TUG1, miR-29a and PTEN were detected and their binding relationships were verified. I/R rat model with overexpressed TUG1 was established to explore the effect of TGP on kidney injury and autophagy. The hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) model of HK-2 cells and the HR model of HK-2 cells overexpressing TUG1 and low-expressing PTEN were established.Results: TGP decreased the contents of BUN, creatinine, NGAL, Kim-1 and IL-18, and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors. LncRNA TUG1 and PTEN were downregulated, and miR-29a was upregulated in kidney tissues. The binding relationships between lncRNA TUG1 and miR-29a, and miR-29a and PTEN were confirmed. TGP suppressed PTEN expression via the lncRNA TUG1/miR-29a axis. Overexpressing lncRNA TUG1 attenuated the protective effect of TGP on AKI and autophagy in HK-2 cells. TGP improved cell viability and inhibited the autophagy in HR model of HK-2 cells via lncRNA TUG1/miR-29a/PTEN axis.Conclusion: TGP inhibited autophagy and improved AKI induced by I/R via the lncRNA TUG1/miR-29a/PTEN axis.Keywords: total glucosides of paeony, lncRNA TUG1/miR-29a/PTEN, ischemia-reperfusion, acute kidney injury, autophagy

Yu-Cui Liao,1,* Hou-Qun Ying,2,* Ying Huang,3,* Yan-Ran Luo,3 Cui-Fen Xiong,3 Ruo-Wei Nie,3 Xiao-Juan Li,4 Xue-Xin Cheng1 1School of Public Health; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 3Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xue-Xin ChengSchool of Public Health; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine Nanchang University, No. 1 Of Minde Road, Nanchang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 0791-86297662Email cxxncu@163.comBackground: Cancer-related inflammation is the main cause of the progression of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA). Circulating fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio (FPR) is associated with the clinical outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic role of FPR and which is the best inflammatory prognostic biomarker within MCA remain unknown.Methods: We enrolled 157 patients with stage I–III MCA in this study. Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox regression, and time-dependent receiver operation characteristic curve analysis were performed to assess the prognostic value and efficacy of the neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR), neutrophil-to-pre-albumin ratio (NPAR), albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR), and FPR in these patients.Results:: We found that NAR, NPAR, and FPR were significantly associated with unsatisfactory recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with stage I–III MCA, and the predicted efficacy of FPR was superior to that of the other two inflammatory biomarkers. Moreover, patients with a high combined TNM-CA199-FPR score had worse outcomes, with a high predicted efficacy of up to 0.779 (0.703– 0.856). Using FPR, the patient was monitored for the recurrence up to two months earlier than that achieved using the common imaging techniques (4 vs 6 median months) in stage I–III MCA patients undergoing radical resection.Conclusion: FPR is the preferred inflammatory biomarker and commonly used for predicting and monitoring recurrence in stage I–III MCA patients. The combined TNM-CA199-FPR score is an economical, simple, effective, and independent prognostic factor for localized disease.Keywords: mucinous colorectal carcinoma, fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio, prognosis, inflammation

Jimilanmu Maimaitiming,1 Guli Amuti,1 AiHeMaiTiJiang TuHuTi,1 Yuan Chen,1 Xiang-Xin Song,1 Jing Wang,1 Adila Alimu,1 Kaidi Zhang,1 Munila Abudounaiyimu,1 Jun Jiang,2 Xin-Ling Wang,1 Yan-Ying Guo1 1People’ s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10029, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan-Ying Guo; Xin-Ling WangDepartment of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 of Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 991 8563546Fax +86 991 8563607Email guoyy8543217@163.com; wangxl52013674@sina.comObjective: The gene mutation and clinical characteristics of a patient with non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency and his family were analyzed.Methods: A patient was diagnosed with non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the Department of Endocrinology of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in December 2016. The clinical data and related gene-sequencing results were analyzed. The detected mutations were verified in nine members of the family.Results: Gene-sequencing results revealed that the proband and the other three members of the family (proband, proband’s mother’s younger brother and the proband’s mother’s younger brother’s younger daughter, and proband’s second elder sister) shared the following mutations: Ile173Asn, Ile237Asn, Val238Glu, Met240Lys, Val282Leu, Leu308Phefs*6, Gln319Ter, Arg357Trp, and Arg484Profs. The Val282Leu mutation was heterozygous in the proband’s mother’s younger brother’s younger daughter, but homozygous in the other three individuals. The father of the proband, the elder brother of the father of the proband, the third younger brother of the father of the proband, and the elder sister of the proband all carried only the Val282Leu mutation.Conclusion: Val282Leu is the gene responsible for non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Screening for this gene in the offspring of patients with non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency may help to identify cases early.Keywords: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency, CYP21A2 gene, gene mutation

Yang Liu,1,* Feng-Jiao Zhang,2,* Xi-Xi Zhao,3,* Yuan Yang,4 Chun-Yi Liang,3 Li-Li Feng,5 Xiang-Bo Wan,5 Yi Ding,1 Yao-Wei Zhang1 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Concord Medical Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China; 3Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yi Ding; Yao-Wei Zhang Tel +86 20-62786616Email dingyi197980@126.com; weiyaozhang2@163.comPurpose: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, the accuracy of traditional clinical indicators in predicting tumor response is poor. Recently, radiomics based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been regarded as a promising noninvasive assessment method. The present study was conducted to develop a model to predict the pathological response by analyzing the quantitative features of MRI and clinical risk factors, which might predict the therapeutic effects in patients with LARC as accurately as possible before treatment.Patients and Methods: A total of 82 patients with LARC were enrolled as the training cohort and internal validation cohort. The pre-CRT MRI after pretreatment was acquired to extract texture features, which was finally selected through the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) algorithm. A support vector machine (SVM) was used as a classifier to classify different tumor responses. A joint radiomics model combined with clinical risk factors was then developed and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. External validation was performed with 107 patients from another center to evaluate the applicability of the model.Results: Twenty top image texture features were extracted from 6192 extracted-radiomic features. The radiomics model based on high-spatial-resolution T2-weighted imaging (HR-T2WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1+C) demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8910 (0.8114– 0.9706) and 0.8938 (0.8084– 0.9792), respectively. The AUC value rose to 0.9371 (0.8751– 0.9997) and 0.9113 (0.8449– 0.9776), respectively, when the circumferential resection margin (CRM) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels were incorporated. Clinical usefulness was confirmed in an external validation cohort as well (AUC, 0.6413 and 0.6818).Conclusion: Our study indicated that the joint radiomics prediction model combined with clinical risk factors showed good predictive ability regarding the treatment response of tumors as accurately as possible before treatment.Keywords: rectal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging, tumor response

Xiang-Xin Xing,1,2,* Xu-Yun Hua,3,4,* Mou-Xiong Zheng,3,* Jia-Jia Wu,2 Bei-Bei Huo,1,2 Jie Ma,1,2 Zhen-Zhen Ma,1,2 Si-Si Li,1,2 Jian-Guang Xu1 1School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jian-Guang XuSchool of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-51322091Fax +86-21-51322042Email xjg@shutcm.edu.cnIntroduction: Numerous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) researches have indicated that large-scale functional and structural remodeling occurs in the whole brain despite an intact sensorimotor network after carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Investigators aimed to explore alterations of the global and nodal properties that occur in the whole brain network of patients with CTS based on topographic theory.Methods: Standard-compliant fMRI data were collected from 27 patients with CTS in bilateral hands and 19 healthy control subjects in this cross-sectional study. The statistics based on brain networks were calculated the differences between the patients and the healthy. Several topological properties were computed, such as the small-worldness, nodal clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and degree centrality.Results: Compared to those of the healthy controls, the global properties of the CTS group exhibited a decreased characteristic path length. Changes in the local-level properties included a decreased nodal clustering coefficient in 6 separate brain regions and significantly different degree centrality in several brain regions that were related to sensorimotor function and pain.Discussion: The study suggested that CTS reinforces global connections and makes their networks more random. The changed nodal properties were affiliated with basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits and the pain matrix. These results provided new insights for improving our understanding of abnormal topological theory in relation to the functional brain networks of CTS patients.Perspective: This article presents that the CTS patients’ brain with a higher global efficiency. And the significant alterations in several brain regions which are more related to pain and motor processes. The results provided effective complements to the neural mechanisms underlying CTS.Keywords: small-worldness, nodal clustering coefficient, degree centrality, pain, circuits

In this paper, the epoxy value of epoxy resin TDE-85 was measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and tetraethylammonium bromide titration. Comparisons of the measurement results and repeatability of the two methods show that the NMR spectroscopy can be used to measure the epoxy value of epoxy resin TDE-85. However, because of the high requirements for sample purity, when testing TDE-85 containing impurities, the measurement repeatability of NMR spectroscopy is worse than that of tetraethylammonium bromide titration.

With the development of science and technology, manipulators are increasingly used in industrial production and daily life. The manipulator with traditional control mode has high requirements for operators, complicated operation, and human-computer interaction is inconvenient. In this paper, an intelligent manipulator system based on gesture control is designed. FPGA is used as the control core of the system. We apply the improved Canny algorithm processing, which can automatically recognize gesture information. After judgment, the control signal is sent to the manipulator to control the manipulator to complete the specified action. Through experimental testing, the system can successfully recognize all kinds of gestures, and can well control the manipulator to complete all kinds of actions. The human-computer interaction is more real, which greatly improves the intelligence of the manipulator system and helps to improve the work efficiency.

Prefabricated cantilever structure is a new type of structure in mountain expressway construction. In this paper, a new numerical simulation model of prefabricated cantilever structure is established. The model takes into account the modularization and assembly of components and the interaction between structure and soil. Based on the developed model, the effects of two design parameters (steel plate thickness between column and cantilever and column concrete grade) on the mechanical properties of the structure were evaluated. The modeling and simulation results show that the two design parameters have a slight impact on the mechanical properties of the main components (such as columns and cantilevers), but the steel plate between columns and cantilevers can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the connection structure. The thickness of steel plate can only be set according to the structure and stress distribution at the connection position

The prefabricated cantilever composite subgrade structure is a special and new type of structure suitable for the construction of mountain roads or the renovation and widening of old roads, but its related research is less. In order to reveal the mechanical response performance of precast cantilever composite subgrade structure, ABAQUS finite element software was used to model the mechanical response of such a unique structure. The results demonstrated that using a prefabricated structure and the integral modeling method increases the security of the tranverse displacement response of the column. The primary stress components of the constructed cantilever structure are not significantly affected by changes in steel plate thickness. The main load-bearing elements of the prefabricated cantilever structure are not significantly affected by changes in column concrete strength grade.

The bearing capacity of bridges after fire cannot be clearly defined, and the bearing capacity of bridges after fire cannot be evaluated by actual bridge load tests. In order to solve this problem, this paper studies the actual bearing capacity and reinforcement methods of hollow slab bridges after fire, combined with practical engineering cases. During the operation period of 16m span prestressed concrete hollow slab after fire detection, the bearing capacity is calculated according to the appearance, rebound strength, carbonization depth of the fire zone of the hollow slab and pier, as well as the compressive strength of coring, the tensile strength of steel, the natural frequency of vibration, dynamic strain and deflection of the hollow slab; The research results show that the bearing capacity of bridges after fire calculated by this method is more accurate, and the reinforcement scheme is formulated according to the calculated bearing capacity, which has achieved good results after reinforcement. It providing a reference for the detection and reinforcement of similar bridge diseases.

Background: A phase 1 dose escalation study of TAA013, an antibody drug conjugate linking trastuzumab to a cytotoxic small molecule, DM1, through an SMCC linker, in previously treated recurrent Her2 positive breast cancer patients. Material and Methods: This phase I study follows the traditional 3+3 design, dosing started at 0.6mg/kg, followed by 1.2, 2.4, 3.6, 4.8mg/kg, one intravenous infusion was given every 3 weeks, the initial infusion had to be over 90 minutes, infusion times were later shortened if treatment was well tolerated. The subsequent recommended dose would be expanded to include at least 10 patients. Patients were observed for dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) during a 21-day DLT observation period. Toxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. Maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the highest dose level that resulted in a DLT in no more than 1 of 6 patients. Study endpoints included safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetic and immunogenicity parameter evaluation, with preliminary evaluation of efficacy. Results: The study enrolled 22 female patients with histologically confirmed Her-2 positive metastatic breast cancer, median age of 50yrs (25-67), median time from initial diagnosis to TAA013 dosing was 39 months (5-99), median prior treatment regimen was 4 (2-10), all had received trastuzumab for a mean of 8.2 months (2-10), alone or in combination with chemotherapy, other prior Her2 targeting drugs given included pertuzumab (2), lapatinib (7), and pyrotinib (8). All patients received at least 2 (median of 6 infusions, range of 1-15) infusions, except for the last 4.8mg/kg patient, but all patients passed the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) observation period of 21 days. There were no dose limiting toxicities, no serious adverse events, nor that resulting in mortality, the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most common treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) included 9 (40.9%) grade 1-2 infusion reactions associated with fever(5) and/or chills(1), the reaction often abated in subsequent cycles. There were no grade 4 TEAE, but there were 3 grade 3 thrombocytopenia, one grade 3 neutropenia, and one grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia which all recovered for the patients to continue treatment, there was also one grade 3 dermatitis in a patient with a history of chronic dermatitis. Antibody drug antibodies were not detected emanating from the TAA013 therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies included evaluation of TAA013, trastuzumab and DM1. Preliminary efficacy evaluation in the 2.4-4.8mg/kg dosing group of heavily pretreated patients resulted in 2 partial responses, including patients who had previously received pyrotinib therapy. Conclusion: TAA013 is a Her2 targeting antibody drug conjugate that is safe and tolerable, with efficacy demonstrated in heavily pretreated Her2 positive breast cancer patients. Keywords: breast cancer, antibody drug conjugates, TAA013. Citation Format: J M Liu, Y M Yin, Hao Wu, W Li, X Huang, XX Li. TAA013 a trastuzumab antibody drug conjugate phase I dose escalation study in recurrent her2 positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS10-51.

Yun-xi Cai,1,2,* Xu Yang,1,2,* Sheng Lin,3 Ya-wen Xu,4,* Shan-wen Zhu,5 Dong-mei Fan,6 Min Zhao,7 Yuan-bin Zhang,1,2 Xue-xi Yang,6 Xin Li1,2 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, People’s Republic of China; 2The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, People’s Republic of China; 3Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, 518040, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China; 5Reproductive Medicine Center, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, People’s Republic of China; 6Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medical and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 7PANACRO (Hefei) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin LiShenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1333 Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518102, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xinli268@gmail.comXue-xi YangInstitute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yxx1214@smu.edu.cnPurpose: Chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs) are a hallmark of bladder cancer and a useful target for diagnostic explorations. Here we constructed a low-coverage whole-genome sequencing method for the detection of CNAs in urine sediment DNA from patients with bladder cancer.Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study using urine sediment samples from 65 patients with bladder tumors, including 54 patients with bladder cancer and 11 patients with benign bladder tumors. Forty-three healthy individuals were included as normal controls. DNA was extracted from urine sediments and analyzed by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing to compare differences in CNAs among these three groups. CNAs are defined by arbitrary R values (normal range ± 2). When these values exceed ± 0.2 of normal range, gain/duplication or loss/deletion are suspected.Results: With this method, CNAs were detected in 39 of 51 patients with bladder cancer, 2 of 10 patients with benign bladder tumors, and 8 of 39 normal controls. The lengths of DNA deletion and duplication were significantly larger in patients with bladder cancer than in patients with benign tumors or normal controls (P < 0.05). Bladder cancer duplicate CNAs mainly occurred on chromosomes 1q, 5p, 6p, 7p, 8q, and 13q, while deletions mainly occurred on 2q, 8p, 9q, 9p, and 11p. Those regions contained bladder cancer tumor-related genes, such as STK3, COX6C, SPAG1, CDKAL1, C9orf53, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, MIR31, and IFNA1. The number of CNAs detected in urine sediment DNA during the follow-up period was significantly reduced.Conclusion: Our sequencing method is highly sensitive and can detect a minimal chromosome repeat/microdeletion change of 0.15 Mb. The use of 0.1∼ 0.3× low-coverage whole-genome sequencing can be used to detect bladder cancer CNAs in urine sediment DNA. This method provides a promising method for noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer, but still needs further verification in a larger sample size.Keywords: bladder cancer, urine sediment DNA, next-generation sequence, copy number aberrations