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Some children are inactive on weekends but active on weekdays. Correlates of such behavior remain to be clarified. We assessed school, out-of-school and family correlates of compliance with physical activity (PA) recommendations during weekdays among weekend non-compliant youth in Switzerland. Cross-sectional data collected in 2013-2015 from the SOPHYA study. PA was objectively measured during one week using waist-worn accelerometers. Compliance with PA recommendations (≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA) was assessed separately for weekend and weekdays. Data on school sport, transport to school, sports club participation, household income, parent's PA and education were collected by phone interview and questionnaires. Data from 540 youth (316 girls) aged 6-16 years were available for analysis. Participants who were compliant to recommendations during weekdays were more frequently boys (50.3% vs . 31.4%, p  < 0.001), more often participated in sports club (73.3% vs . 64.3%, p  = 0.024), and were more prone to adopt active transport to school (75.8% vs . 62.0%, p  = 0.001) than non-compliers. Multivariable adjustment showed male gender [odds ratio and (95% confidence interval): 4.30 (2.71-6.81)], sports club participation [1.91 (1.21-3.02)], and PA-active parent [1.98 (1.20-3.28)] were significantly associated with weekday compliance. Being a male, a sports club participant and having a physically active parent significantly increase compliance with PA recommendations during weekdays among Swiss youth who are inactive on weekends.

The article reports developments related to nature. 50 years ago, the publication of the proceedings of the symposium on nutritive aspects of preserved food have been published approximately 18 months after the conference took place. The rule for assigning the day of the week for any date is discussed.

Editorial. Considers the possible reasons that heart attacks are more likely to occur on Mondays. History of the seven-day-long week as a unit of time; Study conducted into the heart attack tendency; Possibility that the weekend consumption of alcohol contributes to the tendency; The physiological and psychological stress of returning to work and the possible role that these factors may play.

Although the mechanism of light regulation of color pigmentation of apple fruit is not fully understood, it has been shown that light can regulate expression of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway by inducing transcription factors (TFs). Moreover, expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in this pathway may be coordinately regulated by multiple TFs. In this study, fruits on trees of apple cv. Red Delicious were covered with paper bags during early stages of fruit development and then removed prior to maturation to analyze the transcriptome in the exocarp of apple fruit. Comparisons of gene expression profiles of fruit covered with paper bags (dark-grown treatment) and those subjected to 14 h light treatment, following removal of paper bags, were investigated using an apple microarray of 40,000 sequences. Expression profiles were investigated over three time points, at one week intervals, during fruit development. Overall, 736 genes with expression values greater than two-fold were found to be modulated by light treatment. Light-induced products were classified into 19 categories with highest scores in primary metabolism (17%) and transcription (12%). Based on the Arabidopsis gene ontology annotation, 18 genes were identified as TFs. To further confirm expression patterns of flavonoid-related genes, these were subjected to quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) using fruit of red-skinned apple cv. Red Delicious and yellow-skinned apple cv. Golden Delicious. Of these, two genes showed higher levels of expression in 'Red Delicious' than in 'Golden Delicious', and were likely involved in the regulation of fruit red color pigmentation., (© 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background & Aims: Coffee consumption has been suggested to reduce the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to provide updated information on how coffee drinking affects HCC risk., Methods: We performed a PubMed/MEDLINE search of the original articles published in English from 1966 through September 2012, on case-control or cohort studies that associated coffee consumption with liver cancer or HCC. We calculated the summary relative risk (RR) for any, low, and high consumption of coffee vs no consumption. The cut-off point for low vs high consumption was set to 3 cups per day in 9 studies and 1 cup per day in 5 studies., Results: The summary RR for any coffee consumption vs no consumption was 0.60 from 16 studies, comprising a total of 3153 HCC cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.71); the RRs were 0.56 from 8 case-control studies (95% CI, 0.42-0.75) and 0.64 from 8 cohort studies (95% CI, 0.52-0.78). Compared with no coffee consumption, the summary RR was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.61-0.84) for low consumption and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.39-0.50) for high consumption. The summary RR was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.84) for an increment of 1 cup of coffee per day. The inverse relationship between coffee and HCC risk was consistent regardless of the subjects' sex, alcohol drinking, or history of hepatitis or liver disease., Conclusions: From this meta-analysis, the risk of HCC is reduced by 40% for any coffee consumption vs no consumption. The inverse association might partly or largely exist because patients with liver and digestive diseases reduce their coffee intake. However, coffee has been shown to affect liver enzymes and development of cirrhosis, and therefore could protect against liver carcinogenesis., (Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The World Calendar is a revision of the present calendar to correct its inequalities and discrepancies. It rearranges the length of the 12 months so that they are regular, making the year divisible into equal halves and quarters in a perpetual calendar. Every year is the same and every quarter is identical. In this new calendar, each quarter contains exactly three months, 13 weeks and 91 days. Each quarter begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday. the first month in each quarter has 31 days and the other two 30 days each. Each month has 26 week days.

The article reports on a small archaic intaglio on sardonyx on which is engraved the tradition of the days of the week. The engraved figures represent Saturn, Helios, Luna, Mars, Mercurius, Jove and Venus. The figures can only be distinguished through the use of a strong magnifying glass. The gem is included in the collections at the University of Pennsylvania.

The article presents solutions to several mathematical problems published in the previous issues of the "Journal of Education" including one on the number of weeks in the 400 years between the discovery of the U.S. and its first celebration in Chicago, Illinois, the calculation of the diameter of a circle and computation for the missing number in a fraction.

The article presents queries and various statements. The question if seven days in a week can be considered universal is raised. One person asks if Fairmount Park in Philadelphia is the largest park in the world. Information about Joseph Pulitzer that he is quiet-looking elderly man is also provided.

Outlines the steps on how to find the day of the week for a date.