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At the present time there are more and more injuries of the Achilles tendon. We meet with varied opinions of the therapy which has connections with the injury status of the Achilles tendon. The task of this work is to find out the effect of two different physical therapy plans on the physical condition of patients. It follows the existence of differences in the total therapeutic length. It deals with the question of the application of the unit therapeutic plan for all the patients with the Achilles tendon injury. The synthesis of observations of Achilles tendon problems is the first aim of this work. The theoretical part of this work focuses on the synthesis of observations of Achilles tendon problems as well. The work defines different Achilles tendon injuries. The Achilles tendon rupture is described in detail. The pieces of knowledge about anatomy, investigation, diagnostic processes and possibilities of treatment which are mainly from physical therapy point of view are summarized. Complications, prognosis and prevention are mentioned in this work. The other aim of this work is to draw two different therapeutic plans of the homogeneous complex of two probands. The practical part of the work focuses on making varied therapeutic plans of the homogeneous complex of two probands since the time of removing the plaster bandage. The methodology of the qualitative research with techniques of the anamnestic conversation, observation and application of therapeutic plans withing the frame of two cases history one of which is total with the submission of physical therapy methods, concepts and physiatrics is mentioned and used. The other therapeutic plan misses physiatrics because not every rehabilitative places of work have the possibility to use the combined therapy. The results were evaluated by comparing of two output kinesiology analyses of the homogeneous complex of two probands. Both used therapeutic plans have positive effect in reference to motivation to a patient to another therapy, improving quantity of motion of ankle joint and increasing of muscular force. It is not possible to make the unified therapeutic plan for every patients with the Achilles tendon injury. It is necessary to follow the individualization which continues the detailed input checkup. It is also more profitable to include the complex physical therapy plan to the rehabilitaion.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce people to the importance of expressing case of teaching techniques and methodical preparation expressing case plan training techniques. This plan should aim to prepare , if possible, to every man to fall, and mitigation of unwanted and desired fertility drop ..

The popularity of everyday, both leisure and racing cycling, increases. The spectrum of accidents and injuries related to cycling extends with the increasing choice of bicycles for different types of cycling. Especially in summer months paramedics repeatedly provide prehospital emergency care to cyclists. A wide range of injuries require different intensity of treatment and care. The theoretical part is focused on a brief characteristics and descriptions of selected injuries, which are part of the research. The research was carried out by the quantitative form, by means of a questionnaire. It was distributed to paramedics in the South-Bohemian Region and in the Vysočina Region. The objective of the thesis was to assess and map the approach of paramedics to an injured cyclist, the correctness of provided care for selected injuries that are mentioned in the theoretical part from the perspective of prehospital emergency care and the evaluation of the need to pay more attention to this issue or to retain the current provided care and update only the new information and findings. The result of the research is the confirmation of all the research hypotheses. The questions testing knowledge of definitions of polytrauma and injuries were mostly answered correctly. The research questions focused on treatment and subsequent transport were also answered mostly correctly. Even though the research results were good and hypotheses were proved, it is necessary to bear in mind that cycling injuries are part of prehospital emergency care. Paramedics should be aware of current practices and continue with self-education.

TITLE: Life of clients after spinal cord injury AUTHOR: Anna Kudláková DEPARTMENT: Katedra pedagogiky SUPERVIZOR: PhDr. Jaroslava Hanušová Ph.D. The theme of final work is "Life of clients after spinal cord injury". The aim of my work was mapping individuals with this injury. Study and then sort and provide compact information of the issue. At the same time try role of handicapped client through fixed rules experiment. Thanks to experiment gain unbiased information from one day life of man on wheelchair. Later, trough quantitative analysis, this information confront with feelings of actually handicapped people. Initial point for quantitative analysis was a survey, which was made not only in organizations engage with this issue. Respondents were chosen randomly, their age range was 26-50 years, social or other status wasn't determining. Question form was based on hypotheses defined in advance, which were after decoding earned dates in most cases confirmed. Thanks to complete information and questionnaire probe this work provides valuable information of the issue and could be used for orientation and mapping of this area, not only in helping professions. Klíčová slova: handicap, lives of people with disabilities, accident, spinal cord injury

Human need is a manifestation of a certain deficiency the removal of which is desirable. An injury disrupts the usual way of a person´s life, changing daily routines and reducing regular activities. A nurse working in the department where patients with injuries are hospitalized should have sufficient knowledge on the subject, must show patients her understanding and a personal interest in them as individuals. The first objective of study was to determine whether patients with injuries in acute care beds are met higher needs. The second objective was to compare the satisfaction of higher level needs in hospitalized patients with injuries in acute care beds by age and sex. The third objective was to determine the knowledge of nurses of higher human needs, and whether nurses are concerned about meeting needs in patients hospitalized with injuries. The survey was carried out quantitatively using the questionnaire method of data collection. Questionnaires were distributed to 55 nurses working in surgical departments of České Budějovice Hospital, plc, and Tábor Hospital, plc, and to 60 patients hospitalized with injuries in surgical departments of the same hospitals. The results of the quantitative research were evaluated using graphs. In accordance with the study objectives, the following hypotheses were stated: Hypothesis 1 Patients hospitalized with injuries in acute care beds show a need for meeting higher level needs. This hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2 Nurses are concerned about meeting higher level needs of patients hospitalized with injuries in acute care beds. The hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 3 Women hospitalized with injuries in acute care beds have a greater need for meeting higher level needs than men. This hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 4 Elderly patients have a greater need for meeting higher level needs than younger patients. This hypothesis has been refuted. The findings obtained by the research could be used as information for the middle management of the hospitals departments where the research took place and the creation of educational material for nurses working there because it is important to learn more about the needs of patients in order to facilitate and improve meeting their needs.

Title: Case study of physioterapy treatment of a patient with the fracture of the distal radius Objectives: The goal of this thesis is to summerize theoretical and practical informaticion about fracture of distal radius, to peruse sources of this problems, proposing therapy and monitor its progress. Includes detailed case studies patient with a fracture of the distal radius. Methodics: The literature search and the case study of this issue was proceeded within the practical experience (from 9th January 2012 to 3rd February 2012) in Oblastní nemocnice Kladno (Regional hospital Kladno). The first part of the work is concerned with the theoretical knowledge of anatomy and functional kinesiology of antebrachium and hand. Then describes the fractures of the distal antebrachium, their treatment and physiotherapeutic methods and examinations. The second part contains the case report which refers to the patient with the fracture of the distal radius, the treatment, the therapy and the pursuance of the curative effect. Results: During the therapy, there was reduce swelling, pain reduction, effects of reflex changes, restore the joint play, increasing joint range, stretching shortened muscules and increase musce strenght in the right upper extremity. Keywords: antebrachium, raduis, accident, fracture,...

I wanted to clarify two basic objectives through my thesis. The first objective was to determine how the state supports the programmes focused on injury prevention. The other objective was the description of state programmes and their subsequent evaluation. The theoretical section explains the concept of an injury. It also includes the classification of injuries, it explains the causes of injuries and their consequences, it deals with the classification of injuries by age, it focuses on the specifics of injuries in the age group of 20 to 40 years. It also describes the current status of injury prevention. It divides preventive efforts into the activities that fall within the activities of the World Health Organization (WHO), the state and institutions, and cities. The results of the thesis show that implemented preventive activities are focused primarily on school-age child population, as well as youth and young people. The data for this bachelor thesis was obtained through qualitative research methods, interview techniques with open questions. A data analysis was used to process the information. The respondents believe that there are not a sufficient number of preventive activities for their age group. The thesis research shows that the respondents consider injury prevention as clearly necessary and important. The thesis research also deals with using the Trauma Register in the state injury prevention programmes. The register is currently focused on the child population only. It is planned to extend the data to the adult population.

The Bachelor thesis is focused on General liability, which is extended to the issue of liability of the town Písek due to injuries of citizens of the town incurred on the roads in winter period 2009/2010. The target of the first part of this work, a theoretical part, is to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic, which is complemented by a comparison of selected insurance products. The second, practical part, highlights to low awareness of citizens regarding the evidence of resulting the injury and a relatively low number of people in Písek, who suffered a loss and have received compensation to date. The contribution of the thesis is a detailed development work and consideration of the situation which arose in Písek in winter.

Recently, injuries resulting from accidents have been regarded as a serious and social issue all over the world. Injuries concern all age categories. A significant portion is comprised by injuries resulting from sports activities, such as football. Football is a popular sport played by an increasing number of people, which leads to a higher occurrence of injuries attributable to this sports activity. Such injuries may be of a very serious character as they require long treatment and sometimes even termination of the player´s sports activity. These factors induce the necessity to continue implementing new precautionary measures to prevent these undesirable consequences to maximum possible extent. The goal of my bachelor´s thesis is to discover the frequency and seriousness of injuries resulting from accident among football players - members of the TJ Sokol Dobsice football club. The set goal has been achieved. The conducted research should have proven or invalidated the following set hypotheses: H1: With increasing age increases the frequency of injuries in the TJ Sokol Dobsice football team and H2: More than half of the injuries occurred in the 2009-2010 season in the TJ Sokol Dobsice team are not of a serious character. The H1 has been proven. As it followed from the survey based on a questionnaire, that the product category with 15 accidents happened (11%), 27 students in the category of accidents (20%), adolescents in 38 accidents (28%) men 57 injuries (41%). The second hypothesis has been proven. Only 6 players (21%) of those who were due to injuries in hospital, had to be hospitalized due to injury, 4 players (5%) operated on and 9 players (12%) was needed treatment longer than 3 months. As it follows from the results, 85 players (78 %) use protective devices, 99 players (91 %) do stretching physical exercises prior to match or training, however, only 21 players (19 %) do stretching physical exercises after match. The fact that 36 players (33 %) start fighting with intention to injure the adversary is perceived as alarming as well. It would be possible to share the results with the coaches of TJ Sokol Dobsice who could lead their players to accept higher responsibility and who could accentuate prevention of injuries resulting from accidents.

Accidents pose a significant problem of public health care systems. According to statistical data more than five million people die of accident injuries worldwide. Currently, the accident issue has enjoyed a special attention. Injuries of children are considered the most severe enemy and at the same time the most frequent death cause in children and young adults and the third most frequent cause of death in the population as a whole. In the Czech Republic, accident injuries result in 300 child deaths and 3000 permanently handicapped in a year. In my diploma work I have focussed on accidents at an early age, which currently occur more a more frequently. My research has dealt with children who tend to be prone to accident risks. The objective of my paper has been to monitor the circumstances of child accidents in the course of the calendar year 2010 in children staying in the paediatric ward and to find out whether the socio-economic status of a particular family has an impact on the accident circumstances. The theoretical section of my work contains a description of the individual accidents which are typical for the population of children and the practical section consists of an evaluation of statistical data, which I have collected using secondary data analysis and case studies of children staying at hospital as well as a questionnaire interview of parents. The quantitative research shows that the most frequent cause of a hospital stay of patients in the Paediatric Ward of the Český Krumlov Hospital in the course of 2010, as a result of an accident, were falls, fractures, contusions without head injury, the second most frequent cause of a hospital stay were head and brain injuries, the third place was occupied by injuries of the body surface (wounds, skin abrasions, bruises). It has been found that the most frequent accident occurrence circumstances are connected with children´s play without the supervision of their parents, then accidents occurring in relationship with sports activities and finally traffic accidents (bikers and in-line skaters). Based on testing the hypotheses, the research has further shown that the socio-economic factors or the family status tend to have an impact on the circumstance under which the accident happened.

Heading: Injuries during doing winter sports on the ski slopes in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main objective of the diploma theses was to determine the incidence of accidents in the Czech mountains during the winter seasons from 2000 - 2001 to 2009 - 2010. Methods: We focused on gathering data and information regarding the number of injuries on the ski slopes. The main source of information was the database of Mountain Rescue Service of the Czech Republic that provided us with sets of injuries that happened during skiing and snowboarding within the winter seasons 2000 - 2010. Results: The results of this diploma thesis were statistics of injuries that happened during doing the winter sports for the years 2000 - 2010 and their processing. Keywords: injury, skiing, snowboarding, cross country skiing

The aim was to map the knowledge of the surveyed group of respondents (students,parents, teachers) in a first aid, then to map the knowledge about the prevention of the children?s injuries and determine a frequency of the injuries among children in elementary schools in the South Bohemian Region. The survey proved that boys are affected by injuries more often than girls. .The injury occurs the most during sports, at home and at school. With assessing the injury, according to the type of injury, I found out, that most of the injuries fall into the group of fractures, contusions and joint luxation. According to the results of the study was found that as education of parents is not reflected in the injury. Most injuries were confirmed by parents with higher vocational education, the least injuries of parents with primary education. School injuries were confirmed at more local school when compared with schools in the city. The results of this work could be the basis for a project or program in preventing injuries. Furthermore, this work is based on feedback to primary schools, thus preventing the most common injuries, which were statistically evaluated.

The theme of this thesis is "The Analysis of Accident Insurance on the Czech Insurance Market". This thesis is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, the accident insurance is discussed under the terms of the whole historical context of insurance. In the second and in the third one, the frequency of accidents using statistical data and the position of the accident insurance on the current insurance market are shown. In the fourth chapter, the accident insurance is described overall, an accident and exceptions from insurance connected with it are defined here. Hereafter the kinds of the accident benefits are elaborated in detail and the author also devotes himself to the importance of the accident insurance and its prospects for the future. In the fifth chapter, possibilities of handling accident risks, which are offered by insurance companies in practice, are presented.

Life is the most valuable possession of a man. Any of us can find himself in a situation, when we will have to provide first aid to an injured person. The objective of this paper was to survey what practical knowledge of administering not professional first aid the university students have. A qualitative research in the form of a case study was applied, with help of the observation method and polling method - an interview with open questions. The results of this paper were presented at a scientific conference called: "Rescue workers to each other, or let us do not preach at each other, but learn from each other", in Hrubá Voda, on 26th March, 2009. A crucial point of this research was to survey the abilities of not professionals to provide first aid some time after their training. These results might be used for making up and setting curricula and educational methods in the field of didactics of urgent medical assistance.

My Bachelor Thesis deals with the problem of knee-joint injuries. The chosen theme ``Prevention and Therapy of the knee injuries in Football{\crqq} introduces a large variety of possible injuries. The Thesis includes an analysis of the complicated anatomical structure and biomechanics of the knee. The part devoted to injuries describes the injury mechanism that gives the ground for the following examination, diagnosis determination and proposal of the subsequent therapy. Another important chapter, prevention of the knee injuries, describes the activities to prevent from such injuries. The aim of this Thesis is to assess the treatment effect of the anterior cruciate ligament rupture in two probands in relation to their return to sports activities, and furthermore to furnish theoretic information concerning primarily the anatomy and prevention of injuries. In respect of the quantitative research, we chose at random two footballers of a district league standard suffering from ligamentum cruciatum anterius rupture. The research proceeded during their therapy using the technique of uncontrolled dialogue, observation, casuistry and secondary analysis of data. The result brought the ascertainment of the success in the therapy effectiveness. After 3 months both patients, sportsmen, achieved such health condition which allowed them do light sports activities with no limitation, e.g. exercise biking, swimming, walking, running on flat surface and even cross-country; cycling is also suitable. It is very important to keep to the said recommended sports activities as the inadequate overloading of the knee can give rise to recurrence or even to injury of other structures of the knee joint.

Every year, more than 300 000 accidents of children occur requiring medical treatment or hospitalization in a hospital. Around 300 children die as a result of an accident every year. In comparison with other European countries, the Czech Republic occupies one of the worst positions as to frequency of accidents of preschool children. The objective of this thesis is to identify existence, quantity and scope of preventive activities in facilities designed for preschool children within the district of České Budějovice. The subject includes confirmation or rejection of a hypothesis whether there is a relation between the size of the town or municipality, frequency and scope of preventive activities. To verify the stated hypothesis, interviews were held in which the pedagogical staff of preschool facilities were asked questions concerning prevention of accidents in their facilities. Assessment of the interviews results did not confirm the hypothesis of an existing relation between the size of the town or municipality, the frequency and scope of preventive activities. In all visited facilities, preventive activities are carried out, focused on prevention of all forms of accidents. Preschool facilities directly in České Budějovice can visit preventive events organized by units of the Integrated Emergency System with less difficulties than facilities in the country thanks to better accessibility by the public transport. In spite of the mentioned difficulties, most of upcountry facilities participate in those events in close cooperation with the local Police or voluntary fire department. Some preschool facilities have their specific focus and programmes compared to the usual standard. In some of them they deal with drugs and tobacco prevention, other facilities are visited by students of PF JU with their programmes focused on prevention, still others present children thematically focused stories on CDs and DVDs. Other facilities, for example, organize a children{\crq}s day related with prevention in road traffic or organize a visit of ZOO joined with a lecture on how to treat animals. We can see as a certain gap in preventive programmes an absence of the central methodology for their organizing. Suggestion and recommendation for improvement of the situation could include completion of central methodology for prevention for preschool children which would include in its content and provide individual circuits and specializations on specific dangerous situations a child can get in. Another proposal for solution of the situation could be provision of preschool facilities with materials and aids for presentation of preventive education organized mostly in the form of games.

The thesis is titled The causes of injuries and deaths in the Czech Republic. The main objective is to highlight the constantly high death rate caused by car accident injuries and by a hidden threat of heart and cardio-vascular diseases resulting in most people's deaths. The thesis contains two parts: theoretical and practical. The theory includes specific terminology such as health, health determiners and the lifestyle. The next chapter analyzes most frequented diseases in the Czech Republic such as heart and cardio-vascular diseases, tumors, respiratory and digestive tract diseases, death, the most frequented injuries in the Czech republic and suicides. The practical part describes the research findings and results. Two types of questionnaires were used for this purpose. The former one was handed to randomly chosen people who had suffered any injuries. The latter one was given to medical doctors in order to trace the death causes in the course of a year. The questionnaire data were transferred into graphs and charts. The graphs and charts as well as the discusssion outcomes are described in the final part of the thesis. The paragaphs of my thesis contain the bibliographical and website references. In the appendixes both questionnaires are inserted.

The problem of in-patients{\crq} falls and injuries, with the view to prevention and care quality at hospitalization units of Nemocnice Písek, a.s., is the theme of my bachelor thesis. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the problem of falls in its entirety. It describes causes of falls, effects of falls as well as prevention possibilities against falls. Three targets of the thesis were set down. Firstly, to find out the frequency of falls in hospitalization units of Nemocnice Písek, a.s. Secondly, to find out risk factors connected with falls of in-patients at hospitalization units of Nemocnice Písek, a.s. Thirdly, to find out if nurses know the fall prevention precautionary mechanisms. Six hypotheses were set down in the practical part of the thesis. The first hypothesis is: ``There are more falls in the internal unit of Písek Hospital than in the surgical unit of Písek Hospital.{\crq}q The second hypothesis is: ``The most frequent risk factor causing falls and injuries in Písek Hospital is the quick patients{\crq} getting up.{\crq}q The third hypothesis stems from the following premise: ``Nurses know the clients related fall prevention precautionary mechanisms{\crq}q. The fourth hypothesis predicates: ``The risk of fall and injury of senior patients is higher than the risk of fall and injury of junior patients{\crq}q. The fifth hypothesis says: ``Nurses in Písek Hospital follow rules which are related to falls and injuries.{\crq}q The last hypothesis predicates: ``The care quality audit which is focused on falls and injuries is carried out in Písek Hospital{\crq}q. A quantitative method, in the form of a general nurses{\crq} anonymous questionnaire, was used within the first part of my research work. For monitoring the falls of patients, which is a quality indicator of Nemocnice Písek, a.s., the qualitative method of data analysis was used within the second part of my research work. The documentation belonging to Nemocnice Písek, a.s. was the basic data source. The research results were processed into 29 graphs and two charts. Technical literature is confronted in the Discussion section of the thesis and author{\crq}s opinions are pronounced there. Confirmed and unconfirmed hypothesises, thesis summary and author{\crq}s suggestions regarding the client{\crq}s fall risk and care quality improvement are pointed out in the Conclusion of the thesis.

This bachelor thesis deals with personal accident insurance in the Czech Republic. It is divided into two parts. The first one is devoted to personal accident insurance characterization, to its history, to insurance benefit types definition and to insurance market condition. It is also specialized in the employer's liability insurance in the selected insurance companies, both in terms of insurance conditions and practical point of view. Among others there is solved a question of additional accident benefit's profitability in terms of life insurance compared to the classical personal accident insurance. In the end follows a summary of all observed information.

I divided my work into a theoretical and analytical part. In the introduction I presented a casualty insurance and its essential components. I also mentioned the example of the insurance money. In the second part I analyzed the situation on the Czech insurance market for an accident insurance, and then I described the accident insurance products of the Generali. At the end I compared one of them with the competitive product and I made a final summary.

Injuries are part of the most serious kinds public health problems. According to the available statistical data, over five million people around the world die from their injuries every year. Over the past few decades, more attention has been paid to the worldwide problem of injuries. However, there are still certain kinds of injury which have been omitted. These are injuries related to sport. This bachelor{\crq}s thesis focuses on the injuries of children that are related to football. Football is understood to be a relatively safe sport, even if the efficiency standards for being a good football player are ever more demanding. Sport activites are a very important part of our lives. Thanks to the cooperation with the TJ Lokomotiva Football Club of České Budějovice, the data, opinions and information related to the injuries of the players and coaches from this football club has been collected. A questionnaire was used to obtain this data. The collected data was analyzed and it has been discovered that the children and the coaches are mainly aware of the risk of injury, but they think that injuries are a necessary part of the game. The rate of injuries rises with the age of the player because the game tends to be more aggressive. This research proved that the players have very little information regarding injury prevention, which is contrary to that knowledge which the coaches have regarding injury prevention. This information could be helpful in preparing preventive programmes for children who participate in some kind of collective sport activity and it can also be helpfu to the coaches or club managers as well.

The theme of my work is the position of accident insurance in Czech insurance market. In the theoretical part I focus on the characteristics of accident insurance, I deal with accident as a term and insurance exclusion. In the next section I'm interested in the insurance rate and all the factors that influence its increase of price. Furthermore, I analyse in detail particular insurance benefits that may happen in the insurance period. The practical part is devoted to insurance offers analysis of selected insurance companies in the Czech Republic. I compare the most important characteristics of accident insurance products that are offred by these insurance companies in here. In my work I'm also engaged in character of accident insurance and its future perspective in the Czech Republic.

Injuries in childhood belong to general healthcare problems these days. They participate in the number of hospitalized and ambulatory treated children which costs our society a lot of money. Most laics and also nursing staff understand the term injury caused by an animal most of all the biting by a dog. The topic of injury caused by an animal became wider in child age. It is caused by the increase in the number of pets, often it is a small discipline of the animal owners and keepers, especially a free movement of dogs, cats, overpopulated sewer-rats in urban parts and also the higher number of exotic animals kept by non-professionals. Concerning rabies there is a given procedure for the biting by an animal which is not familiar or it is not possible to omit the transmission of rabies by saliva. The risks of tetanus and anaerobic infections are also known. The risks of the occurrence of a serious unspecific infection or cosmetic-plastic perspectives are less considered. In children these are mostly faces, arms and parts of fingers. As the initial source of long-term to whole-life consequences, the infection is assessed in primary care. The problem of suffering, psychical deprivation and pain of children and their relatives must not be omitted. Small injuries should not be underestimated. Every injured person should immediately seek medical help. Examination and treatment in children is necessary, even if the injury is small. According to my opinion the most injuries in children are caused by underestimating of risks which exist in the child ´s environment. It is not right to think that continuous supervision is the only way to avoid injuries. The prevention of injuries in children should also be supported by the efficient education of children on imminent danger. The part of prevention should also be the creation of a secure environment for a child. The objective of the thesis was to pay attention to these problems. Further, it was to map the rate of injuries of children in South Bohemian Region treated by Health Rescue Service of South Bohemian Region and Hospital České Budějovice Inc. The thesis should contribute to active solution of problems connected to injuries caused by animals and putting up with them.

At present, there is a high number of epidemiologic studies dealing with children´s injuries and intoxication but children´s view seemed to be interesting to be focused. The aim of this Diploma work has been to provide readers with a children´s view of injuries and intoxication, their perception of risks and the knowledge of prevention.

``Water-related injuries{\crqq} are the second most frequent cause of death of children in the Czech Republic. My thesis addresses the issue of safety in facilities designed for aquatic leisure activities. Within the scope of the qualitative research with the aim to analyze technical standards, to ascertain their observance and afterwards to analyze the injury risks I used the data collection technique consisting in secondary data analysis, observation in combination with photographic documentation and semi-standardized interviews. For the research I selected a swimming pool in České Budějovice and Aquaviva Wellness Centre in Aurora Třeboň spa. The reason for this selection was creation of a pilot study monitoring safety in these facilities in South Bohemia. The Czech Republic has technical standards in place that are applied to minimize the risk of injury to the largest possible extent in facilities like that. They determine the procedures that have to be observed during construction and subsequent operation of facilities designed for aquatic leisure activities. The provisions defined by the standards are observed in both facilities but in their substance they are so generalized that it is only at the operators{\crq} discretion to what extent the safety is to be secured by them. They should be more specified and applied concretely to individual units of the equipment in order to create a safe environment. As far as risk places in the facilities are concerned, it may be stated that, regardless of compliance with the requirements defined by the standard, there is a large number of risks related in particular with slippery surfaces. Within the scope of the safety evaluation, it is also necessary to take account of hazardous behaviour of users of the chutes. The results of the research indicate that in Aquaviva Wellness Centre in Třeboň safety is secured and complies with the requirements of technical standards and the prevention requirements; the swimming pool in České Budějovice shows more serious defects {--} the standards are complied with but the surfaces are not covered with materials that would secure safety. On the basis of my research and other technical studies that confirmed seriousness of water-related injuries it is obvious that the issue of injuries in this field will require modification of safety measures and more precise specification of standards and thus elements such as materials of surfaces that would secure the required safety.

This bachelor{\crq}s thesis focuses on the injuries in pregnancy and the issue of nursing care. The theoretical part characterises the occurrence of injuries, moreover it deals with individual types of injuries and healing, poly-traumas and prevention of pregnant women travelling by car. In the practical part, four goals and four research questions were prepared. The target of this thesis was to find out what kind of injuries occur in pregnancy at most, what is the impact of the injuries on the health of the pregnant women, if the pregnant women realise the danger while utilizing the public transport means and what are the most frequent problems in the nursing care of women after the injuries.

My bachelor thesis dealing with the topic Physiotherapy after forearm and hand injuries, describes not only the complete anatomy of the forearm and hand, characteristics of the particular injuries and the complications thereof, but also examination methods and possibilities of rehabilitation, by means of which the patients frequently regain former functions of the extremity affected. The thesis aims to find out whether patients are able to return to their original occupations as well as their original hobbies. The research part, in which the casuistic method and that of a free conversation with patients in the course of their attendance to rehabilitation procedures were used, contains descriptions of diagnoses and examinations of two patients with a different therapy success. The conclusion of the thesis resulted in the fact that the convalescence success of patients and their return to work largely depends on how complicated their diagnoses are and on the character of their work. In my opinion patients should be provided with a complex care, which includes timely medical help and subsequent physiotherapy and ergotherapy. A very substantial problem that is omitted is the patients{\crq} mental state, and for that reason the convalescence process should involve possible visits to a psychologist. Another essential thing is to inform the patient systematically on his/her state and future, and his/her motivation for his/her effort of improvement.

This work deals with the safety of children playgrounds in Tábor. Since 2002 The program of children playground optimisation has been running in the town. Children playgrounds have been reconstructed in the sense of Czech regulations 1176 and 1177 so that they meet requirements of childrens´ safety. The aim of the thesis consists in mapping technical condition of children playgrounds and finding out about public awareness of safe playing.

This thesis deals with analysis of accident insurance on the Czech Insurance Market. The first part contains basic information about accident insurance. That means definition of the term accident, specifications of accident insurance, its history and present role on the Czech Insurance Market. Second part contains analysis of the Accident Insurance Products in five different insurance companies.

In the thesis, the author focuses on the issue of injuries and specifically on the diagnosis of fractura colli femori. The theoretical part deals with the issue of the cause of injuries themselves and with the question of how to prevent injuries. Moreover, it focuses on circumstances and reasons during which injuries occur. Health problems of neurological character, instability and osteoporosis are analyzed as causes. The theoretical part also presents the types of injuries which are encountered the most during old age. The theoretical part addresses the course of disease during old age as well, the burden of surgery and critical stage of geriatric patients and types of rehabilitation used after injuries during old age (psychosociological rehabilitation). Moreover, the issue of thighbone cervix fracture itself is dealt with herein, what leads to this fracture, risks and types of falls during which thighbone cervix fractures most often occur. Terminology connected to the thighbone cervix fracture is defined herein, picture diagram for how and in which parts fractures occur and also the types of the given fractures. After treatment and the subsequent rehabilitation the work also deals in its theoretical part with the consequences in connection with continuing long-term institutional care. In the research part the author deals with the number of seniors who have been hospitalized for thighbone cervix fractures. The data has been gathered through analysis of secondary data. It has been discovered that in two monitored regions, the number of seniors with this kind of injury has increased. The research has been completed by a survey of 131 seniors with the intent to determine what risks connected to injuries are considered to be the most fundamental by the seniors. It was established that seniors subjectively sense more strongly the risks of health related character rather than risks connected with a safe environment. In the discussion and conclusion the author compares his results with the literature and draws attention to the need to give this issue more attention.

ETIOLOGY OF TRAUMAS OF THE LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS SUFFERED BY SENIORS AND REQUIRING ACUTE RESCUE SOLUTION The paper is focused on the research pertaining to injuries of bones, joints and muscles suffered by the senior population. The subject of the research was the injuries occurred in the past five years that were attended to by the medical rescue service. The theoretical part is focused on description of pathophysiological changes of the skeletal and the muscle system that take place at old age, and defines the basic health risk factors and further effects that may lead to injuries. The objective of the empiric part was collection of the information on whose basis the occurrence and the origin of injuries of the locomotive apparatus suffered by seniors will be defined in relation to the actions of the medical rescue service with respect to sex, and description of the household environment conditions or some other effects (such as alcohol and medicines) on occurrence of injuries of the skeleton system, based on which it will be possible to define the measures and the procedures that may be used to reduce occurrence of these types of injuries. The research was performed in the district of České Budějovice on the surveyed set of 214 informants older than 60 years. The selected set was made out on the basis of quota random selection with respect to sex. The reason for selection of this topic was the increasing proportion of actions of the medical rescue service necessitated by injuries suffered at a higher age, and the growing number of hospitalized seniors.

This study is focused on injury problems of pre-school children. Children injuries are one out of most frequent causes of children's mortality and sickness absence. Therefore it is a worldwide problem. Unfortunately, Czech Republic is rated according to accident statistics as one of worst countries in Europe. Because of that it is necessary to focus more on prevention of those effects.In terms of research it was proven, that the knowledge of children and their parents is insufficient. Increasing this knowledge of children was achieved with founding of preventive program. For parents was chosen a form of informative leaflet. In my opinion, the decrease of children's injuries would be possible with help of methodical impingement upon children and even their parents.

W wyniku urazu dochodzi do przerwania barier ochronnych organizmu i związanej z tym destrukcji tkanek i komórek gospodarza. W odpowiedzi na uraz organizm reaguje zmianami, których celem jest przywrócenie homeostazy, pobudzenie odbudowy zniszczonych tkanek i zapobieżenie infekcji. Stopień nasilenia odpowiedzi na uraz jest uzależniony od ogólnego stanu ustroju oraz od siły i charakteru przebytego urazu. W wyniku niewielkich obrażeń reakcja obronna ustroju ma charakter lokalny, z kolei urazy ciężkie prowadzą do odpowiedzi organizmu o charakterze uogólnionym. W każdym jednak przypadku reakcja organizmu na uraz ma charakter kompleksowy i jest związana z pobudzeniem wielu życiowo ważnych systemów organizmu, takich jak układ immunologiczny, układ nerwowy oraz układ hormonalny. Wpływ urazów, w tym urazów operacyjnych, na odpowiedź immunologiczną był przedmiotem licznych prac badawczych od wielu lat. Wielu autorów wykazało zaburzenia zarówno odpowiedzi nieswoistej, jak i odpowiedzi nabytej, będącymi konsekwencjami oparzeń, obrażeń mechanicznych czy wreszcie zabiegu chirurgicznego. Powszechnie uważa się, że następstwem obrażeń ciężkich, w tym także rozległych operacji chirurgicznych, jest trwający od kilku do kilkunastu dni po urazie stan immunosupresji, który charakteryzuje się m.in. osłabieniem odpowiedzi typu komórkowego. Wyniki badań klinicznych i eksperymentalnych ostatnich lat pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że jedną z głównych przyczyn obserwowanego w następstwie urazu zahamowania odpowiedzi komórkowej wydaje się przesunięcie równowagi TH1/TH2 w kierunku komórek i cytokin typu TH2. Na zakres i charakter odpowiedzi ustroju na uraz wpływają nie tylko zmiany funkcjonalne komórek układu odpornościowego, ale także ich właściwa dystrybucja w obrębie tkanek i narządów organizmu. Injury breaks anatomical barriers of the body and leads to cell and tissue destruction. In response to trauma, repair and defense mechanisms, involved in tissue repair, wound healing, and prevention of infection, are induced. The magnitude of the trauma-induced response depends on the patient’s overall condition and the severity of the injury. Minor injury usually elicits a local reaction, while severe trauma is associated with a systemic host response. In any case, the character of the response is very complex and involves the activation of crucial systems: (immunological, neural, and endocrine. The influence of different types of injury on immune response has been of interest to scientists for many years. Several studies have shown disturbances in innate and adaptive immune response as a consequence of burns, accident trauma, and surgical operation. It is generally accepted that major surgery often leads to severe immunosuppression, usually lasting for several days after injury and characterized by impaired cell-mediated immune response. Both clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that one of the main causes of surgery-induced suppression of cellular immunity might be a shift in the T helper 1 TH1/TH2 pattern and type-1/type-2 cytokine secretion towards a TH2 response. The type and extent of the body’s immune response to injury depends not only on functional changes of immune cells. An appropriate distribution of immune cells among different tissues and organs of the body is also required for proper function of the immune system.

Our case report describes a bilateral obstetric brachial plexus injury in a 14-year-old boy. In the first years of his life, treatment was conservative. After a period of clinical improvement, spontaneous regeneration had stopped. At age two years and three months, neurotmesis with root avulsion was diagnosed, which was the grounds for microsurgery. Unilateral revision and external neurolysis were performed. Currently, we observed dysfunction of the upper limbs associated with paresis primarily of the shoulder flexors, abductors, external rotators, elbow flexors and abnormal posture as well.