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Aulehlová, L. The analysis of tourism in Israel. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2017. In this bachelor thesis I focus on investigating tourism data from Israel. I deal with the causality between the political and safety situation in Israel and tourism. The research question is whether terrorism influences tourism in the negative way and if yes, how much. In the first part of my thesis I deal with the determination of the studied period and the general terms which are related to the events that are crucial for understanding the situation. I also deal with the meaning of tourism for this area, the most visited places in Israel and crisis management in tourism. In the analytical part I investigate the causality by five main indicators. The data is from a period of 21 years, particularly the years 1995-2015.

This work elaborates on historiographical contextual analysis of establishment and consolidation of terrorist groups ETA and FARC, while focusing on identifying and analysis of set of factors, which led to the respective groups constitution. These factors are then examined and compared in the thesis presented. Author then concludes generalness or alternatively contextual character of findings on factors. Examined groups emerged from extensively differing contexts, which contributes to the posibility of following a linking to possible general validit of the factors. Emphasis is being put especially on political, social, economical and identitary premises of the groups establishment.

I deal in master thesis with reflection of audiovisual media in the Czech Republic and their work with events of terroristic attacks of Islamic State. I focused on main broadcasting which are the most representative material for the form of image of approaches of particular media. In theoretic part I deal with organization Islamic state and symbiotic relation between terrorism and media. We encouter a new phenomena of terrorism which can adapt for new media, social sites and which can work also with audiovisual agenda. I try to get closer and try to set the ethics of west media and I am looking for answers which are underlay of chosen literature or contemporary codified standards (f.e. BBC Editorial Guidelines). I compare new phenomena of terrorism and media reflection with current sociological trends and create terrorism and his work in media in "liquid times". In practical part I deal with specific events of terroristic attacks of ISIS in Europe and I search ethical questionable aspects in content of czech AV media. I am looking for specific points on the relief of terroristic attacks which broadcasters do. Based on the theoretical part I focus next to primary also on secondary ethically questionable aspects which are result of symbiotic relation between media and terrorism.

The dissertation thesis concerns with the issue of the left-wing terrorism in Italy and Federal Republic of Germany in the 1970s. The chosen topic is approached using the methods of transnational studies, which have been thus far applied only exceptionally in the relation to this phenomenon, despite the numerous parallels in different countries. The focus of the research lies in the analysis of the German-Italian terrorist network as a whole, the contacts between the organizations and mutual influence. The direct and indirect comparison of the cooperating terrorist organizations is also a substantial part of the thesis. The protest movement, which spread at the end of the 1960s and from which emerged the future terrorist groups as its most radical branches, was an important transnational phenomenon itself. The first chapter concerns with the analysis of this movement, emphasizing the reasons of its inception and its stances on political violence. The student and worker aspects of the movement are introduced, as well as older roots in the anti-fascist resistance or in the work of the Marxist authors. The thesis finds a special inspiration for the radicalizing Left in the events in the Third World. The thesis further examines the individual terrorist groups, chosen according to their importance and relevance...

This thesis deals with both content and discourse analysis of narratives of Al Qaeda and ISIL. It focuses on comparison of goals and strategies of these terrorist organizations. The first half is dedicated to definition of theoretical and methodological background, basic terms, and structure of the thesis. The second half focuses on the aforementioned analyses and provides conclusions in this regard.

This thesis examines the understanding of the concept of resilience in urban security with focus on countering terrorism and emergency planning in London between 2000 and 2015. It analyses the implementation of the concept and the results of it. The thesis first describes the theoretical backgrounds of the concept and creates a classification based on the evolution of the concept. A discourse analysis of security strategies and other official documents is done to demonstrate how resilience was conceptualised in the United Kingdom and how it evolved. Also the influence of private actors is evalueted. The same discourse analysis is done on the level of the city of London. The thesis then describes the specific implementation of resilience that impacts everyday lives of London citizens and it shows that the measures penetrates every aspect of it. The International Political Sociology and the theory of insecuritization is used to assess the findings. It concludes that resilience is used as a governing tool enabeling the UK government to produce an appearance of decisive governing, while it transfers the actual responsibility for everyday security to the citizens and their communities. The transfer is not accompanied by providig appropriete tools and consecquently an atmosphere of insecurity and...

Acts of terrorism are used by various individuals, groups and transnational networks to push forward own political views, ideas and ideology on society whilst using multiple forms of violence. Their acts of violence are able to jeopardize and endanger health and safety of peoples, environment and the vitality of critical infrastructure as well. Nowadays the most spelled threat comes from so called foreign fighters whose destabilized and war-torn countries of origin are located in Northern Africa and Middle East. In combination with inefficient management of illegal migration phenomenon and unsatisfactory EU policies on that matter the problem becomes even more amplified. Schengen Area provides EU-members with non-restrictive border regime which fosters migration and trade by a great deal but on the other hand it creates an enormous security risk in terms of terrorism and its prevention. For that matter there should be much more emphasis added to the management of EU outside borders. The second most problematic issue are the matters of radicalization of individuals and minority groups in the EU. There might be a causal relationship between growing rates of frustration between peoples and social marginalization of noted societal groups which might be caused by unsatisfactory assimilation policies of respective EU member states. The goal of this given thesis was to analyze risks to Czech electrical grid which might be posed by an act of terrorism. The analysis was done by breaking down the electrical grid safety measures into respective sectors and parts. Risk for each particular category were analyzed and final risk assessment whilst using help of security professionals. A questionnaire method was used to complete this particular task. The questionnaire dataset was later used to identification of most vulnerable weak-points in the electricity transmission system of the Czech Republic in respect to acts of terrorism. This diploma thesis might be used as a blueprint for improvements in the security management of the Czech electricity transmission system and for educatory purposes at the University of South Bohemia, at the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences.

The key research question of my diploma thesis deals with the problem of whether the President of the Czech Republic Milos Zeman creates the same discourse as far-right political parties in the Czech Republic. The research concerns the social discourse surrounding the current migration crisis facing Europe. In this connection, there is a discourse analysis of the themes of migration, Islam, terrorism, external and internal actors. This research is conducted on the basis of the theory of binaries from Teun Van Dijk, which can be applied to a populist political style characterized by President Zeman and extreme right-wing political parties, among which are analyzed the Workers' Party of Social Justice, National Democracy, Dawn - the National Coalition, Freedom And Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura and the Citizens' Rights Party. Research data is collected from President Zeman's official communications channels and political parties, including official websites and social networks. Based on a discourse analysis of their political views, it is possible to compare President Zeman and the extreme right-wing parties to each topic and to conclude whether they speak the same or differently about these themes.

The aim of this dissertation is to examine the process of securitization of terrorism, to develop the role of the audience (public) at the individual level and subsequently to provide recommendations on an alternative way of fighting terrorism. In order to achieve this goal, the author uses socially constructivist securitization theory, critical terrorism studies and political psychology, namely cognitive and social psychology. Throughout the chapters, the securitization process of terrorism is explored; terrorism as a (to a certain extent) objective problem, further, from the point of view of critical terrorism studies, the security measures are assessed and public opinion is examined through public opinion polls. The author comes to the conclusion that public opinion is one of the key factors in implementing extensive security measures. Therefore, she further examines the factors that affect public opinion; the narrative, the role of the media, and ultimately the psychological processes influencing the perception of reality. It turns out that the narrative about terrorism and the media have their share in the public reaction to terrorism, but the role of the audience in the securitization process of terrorism is not fully explained and there are the psychological processes that illuminate it. Therefore, by running an experiment, the author examines the effect of three narratives about terrorism, based on psychological theories. It concludes that there is a potential for reducing the public's fears and thus the alternative fight against terrorism.

Through tragic events of September 11, 2001, the United States has adopted unprecedented measures regarding the treatment and detention of captured terrorists. The thesis deals with international legal questions associated with operation of detention centre Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. The main aim is to find out how have these questions been answered by examining academic writings and provisions of international law, in particular provisions of International humanitarian law and International human rights law. As a historical introduction, this thesis starts with a brief overview of the history of Guantánamo Bay. The second part focuses on four topics: the definition of conflict, status of detainees, indefinite detention and torture and enhanced interrogation techniques. Each of the topics is being viewed through the lenses of international law as well as US domestic law while describing the development of the problem and current situation.

Terrorism does not respect any geographic boundaries and terrorist organizations often operate in more than one country at the same time. Therefore, there is an effort of states to coordinate the fight against terrorism within international organizations. African states are no exception to it. Terrorist activity on the African continent has been increasing recently and even the largest regional organization in Africa, the African Union, has been devoted to counter-terrorism. The main topic of this Bachelor thesis is the Counter-terrorism strategy of the African Union. The main aim of this Bachelor thesis is to analyze the African Union Counter-terrorism strategy and provide the reader with possible solutions of its drawbacks.

The bachelor thesis studies the terrorist group ETA and its development in the second half of the 20th century and focuses on its retreating popularity at the beginning of the 21st century. Leaving violence as a mean of achieving the Basque Independence in 2011 will be the newest event for my work. In the paper I will focus on changing public opinion on the ETA group, which goes hand in hand with the democratization process and the loss of legitimacy of armed resistance. Next, I will monitor the extent to which the Spanish federal government was fighting this group and the influence on such success of Spain's entry into the EU. Loss of public opinion support further delegitimize the ETA's activities. The work also discusses the Basque political parties, especially extremist ones and the development of their popularity over time. The conclusion of the paper will outline where nationalist terrorism in the Basque country can go further or whether it is a closed chapter in Spanish history. However, given the history of the breach of truce by the ETA, it is probably just a short interim period.

The study investigates the development of counter-terrorism in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia between 1989 and 2017, with a focus on developments of the Criminal Code and changes in the institutional framework. A description of counter-terrorism developments is constructed for each country. Subsequently, general hypotheses about counter-terrorism development derived from existing literature are tested using causal-process tracing tools, resulting in preliminary conclusions about the causes of the identified developments. The results indicate that changes in the Criminal Code were primarily driven by external pressure from international organisations, whereas institutional changes tended to result from country-specific processes, threat perception and inspiration from abroad. Keywords: Counter-terrorism, terrorism, Visegrad, Central Eastern Europe, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia

Title Characteristics of anthropogenic emergencies. Objectives The aim of the work is to describe selected anthropogenic emergencies as well as to set out their history and advance up until today. Methods The methods of analysis of a broad spectrum of literature concerning the issue of emergencies with subsequent analysis of selected resources were used throughout the course of the research. Results Overview of important emergencies regarding not only to the present day but also the past. Key words System, danger, accident, threat, terrorism.

This thesis focuses on the fight against the terrorism in the EU and France. The aim of the thesis is to prove whether the EU and France have appropriate counter-terrorism policies and whether they are comparable. The quality of counter-terrorism policies is demonstrated in the analysis which was made within the case study of Paris terrorist attacks in November 2015. The theoretical part deals with the terrorism in general and with the evolution of EU and French counter-terrorism policies. The practical part is composed of the case study itself including the analysis of terrorist attacks, from which the conclusions were drew.

The basis, upon which this thesis has been built, are the two following trends: occurence of terrorist attacks in the EU and creation of new counter-terrorism institutions on the EU level. A frequency of both trends has been rising: the occurence of terrorist attacks on the EU territory has increased despite the closer cooperation in security and counter-terrorism area that can manifested by adopting new measures and designing new institutions. Therefore, the author asks a question: What factors are hindering a better functioning of the EU counter-terrorism mechanisms? The six most significant EU counter-terrorism institutions with exclusively or overwhelmingly counter-terrorism mandate is subjected to analysis. The respective limits of their functioning have been subsumed to a classification that was created by the author using the general institutional theory, in particular the theory of regimes. The attention is given to an interplay between the EU counter-terrorism bodies and their counterparts on the national level. In case of every institution that has been explored, the author evaluates the following criteria. Firstly, presence of a "patterned behaviour" in sense of cooperation between the national counter-terrorism bodies and the EU institutions. Secondly, a subjective perception of such...

Proliferace bezpilotních prostředků na bojiště se nevyhýbá ani teroristickým aktérům. V několika posledních letech je vidět značný nárůst incidentů za použití těchto systémů tzv. Islámským státem. Tato práce se pokouší relativně nový fenomén popsat a předložit základní přehled typů možného užití bezpilotních prostředků tzv. Islámským státem v Evropě a tyto typy zhodnotit. Přestože užití UAV při teroristickém útoku pravděpodobně nebude mít samo o sobě strategický dopad, představuje další výzvu pro bezpečnostní složky státu. The proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on the battlefield does not exclude terrorist actors. Recently, there is an evident increase in the number of incidents when the so called Islamic State has used UAVs. This article tries to describe this relatively new phenomenon and present an overview of main types of the potential Islamic State’s UAV employment in Europe. Despite the fact, that the UAV use by terrorist actors will probably not have strategic impact by itself, it constitutes a new challenge for state security agencies.

The main purpose of this diploma thesis is comparison of the EU and the U.S. counterterrorism policies. The first part deals with theoretical framework of thesis. The practical part focuses on development of counterterrorism policies and its key documents in the aftermath of 11 September, 2001. The end of the practical part brings on interpretation of strategies with using qualitative analysis. For better understanding of differences between two actors and their counterterrorism policies, the comparison method is used.

Thesis "Decision-making process according to Graham T. Allison: American government and Iraq invasion" focuses on application of Allison's three basic conceptual models, that were introduced and broadly defined in book Essence of decision: explaining the Cuban missile crisis in 1971, on decision-making process of American administration formed by George W. Bush, which led to invasion of Iraq in 2003. Models of the rational actor, organizational process and governmental politics represented huge breakthrough in Foreign Policy Analysis and studying of decision-making processes and even after many decades they remain highly valued. Main target of this study will be testing their empirical value by using edited interpretation and through different perspectives describe and outline nature of chosen decision-making process. Thesis emphasizes differences in perception of main actor and ways, how these views influence interpretation of character of picked case and final action. Consequently, analysis is offering clear summary of causes and procedures that led to realization of invasion, presenting reasons, why is this particular decision-making process considered as defect, and also offering closer view into functioning of the first government of President George W. Bush. Keywords Decision-making process,...

The Kurds are considered to be the largest nation without their own state. In Turkey, the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), considered to be a terrorist organization, has been struggling for Kurdish self-determination for over 30 years. However, the PKK changed its demands and mainly its tactics - it has begun to attempt a political solution to the Kurdish issue. With the onset of a global threat in the form of the so-called Islamic State (ISIL), the PKK began to engage in the fight against it. Its role in this struggle is the main theme of the thesis. The aim of this work is to analyze the role of the PKK in the fight against ISIL on the basis of the characteristics of terrorism, the development of the Kurdish question in Turkey, and the threat posed by ISIL. The thesis concludes that the PKK has a very significant role in this fight, not only because of its experience in fighting the Turkish government. Thanks to its contribution, the PKK also aspires to be removed from the US and European list of terrorist organizations.

This diploma thesis deals with two current phenomena, migration and terrorism. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate tourism in the territory of the European Union in the last two years when faces the migration crisis in comparison with the previous years. The tourism development of selected member states is analyzed by incoming, outbound and domestic tourism statistics, as well as its participation in GDP and total employment in the countries. The theoretical part defines the key concepts of migration, terrorism and international tourism. The practical part identifies the impacts of the current migration crisis and the new trends that are now emerging. The thesis also contains recommendations to destinations on how to approach the crisis and prediction of future development.

The aim of this work was to determine the existence and size of the influence of the so called Islamic State to Italy. The Islamic State is currently one of the biggest problems in international relations. The work assumed that due to its important geopolitical location, Italy is affected by the Islamic State. The secondary objective is to raise awareness of this issue, as the whole world is focused on other countries, such as Germany. The outcome of the work was the detection of two main impacts, namely refugee crisis and foreign fighters. Moreover, the work has attempted to find solutions to these impacts.

This thesis discusses women and their changing subjectivity in connection to their participation within terrorist movements. Work emphasizes on the case of the Islamic State, currently the most influential terrorist movement; and the role of women within it. For the purpose of introduction into the topic- as well acquaintance with the current state of knowledge- work discusses historical examples of women's participation within terrorist groups. Concerning theoretical framework, this thesis is based on constructivist feminism and gender theory, which examines how thoughts about gender influence global politics. Empirical part of this thesis is devoted to the method of CDA, namely three-dimensional model of CDA implemented by Fairclough as well as additional conceptual framework - grammar of visual design introduced by Kress and van Leeuwen. The main purpose is to examine what the role of women within the Islamic state is, why they are so crucial and the most importantly how the Islamic State affects women's emancipation. Various propaganda materials of IS are analyzed in order to address these issues.

Nowadays, we come across the notion of the term globalization on the daily basis not only when reading a newspaper, listening to a radio or watching a TV, but also when talking to ordinary citizens, who regularly monitor mass media. Worldwide spread of the Internet, which enabled fast and cheap communication between states and continents, was the turning point of this process. Since then, information has been considered as an important factor of international relations and its owners can have a serious strategic predominance in the realms of todays digitilized world, what caused the creation of information warfare and information security concepts in the end of XX. century. Globalization is also causing global problems, which are for example represented by the global terrorism headed by the so-called Islamic State. This Bachelor thesis deals with the U.S. information security system. The main objective of this thesis is to understand and explain the basic principles and concepts of the US information security system and to evaluate its current strategy against the Islamic state.

The main aim of the diploma thesis is an analysis of the current issues of international terrorism in the EU. The first part deals with the theoretical definition of terrorism, which is necessary for an understanding of the whole thesis. The second part is focused on the development of the EU counter-terrorism policy and measures taken in the fight against terrorism. The end of the second part is focused on cooperation between the EU and the USA, which is after the attacks of September 11, 2001 quite logical. The last part offers us the view on the current international terrorism in the EU and threats associated with them. Afterwards these threats will be analyzed and complemented by their possible solutions.

Vítková, M. Terrorism and tourism in Egypt. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel Univer-sity, 2017. This bachelor thesis deals with influence of terrorism on tourism in Egypt. Its aim is to find out, whether has terrorism in Egypt impact on inbound tourism. The first part defines important terms used in this issue and focuses on general impacts of terrorism on tourism. The second part is based on regression analysis and evaluates influence of terrorism in Egypt.

Area of interest regarding this master thesis is the fight against terrorism at European Union level. The work then aims to analyze how effective the EU institutions in the fight against terrorism, Europol, Eurojust and the CTC, are. The first part focuses on the issue of terrorism itself, by the help of comparative analysis and data analysis the possible root causes of terrorism and issues regarding radicalization are discussed. The second part is devoted to the actual effectiveness of the main EU institutions in the fight against terrorism and consequently to the security threat associated with the issue of foreign fighters that became a priority agenda within the EU counterterrorism. These sections has also been prepared on the basis of empirical research since semi-standardized interviews with experts in this field were conducted. It was investigated, that the EU institutions in the fight against terrorism have several weaknesses, and there are several limits in their fight against terrorism. Conversely, in the context of foreign fighters the EU has managed to adopt several concrete and directed measures.

Islamic radicalism is currently one of the most debated topics worldwide. We got into a new era, which started at the beginning of the century by attack on World Trade Center in 2001 - later President Bush declared war on global terrorism. Organization of the Islamic State is a new form of radicalism, beyond both his cruelty, and even the number of foreign fighters who have joined them. It poses a huge threat to the fragile stability in the region and, by extension, in Europe. In the first part of my thesis entitled "The connectivity of an American invasion to Iraq in 2003 in relation to the current spread of the Islamic State in the Middle East region" I'm dealing with the US invasion of Iraq and in the second part I'm describing the emergence of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, the Islamic State afterwards. In the third section I'm analyzing the various factors and specific events that, in result, provide an answer to the question whether the invasion of Allied troops under the command of Americans is the only cause of the current crisis in Iraq, by extension, the entire Middle East region.

This master thesis called "The media portrait of the Anders Behring Breivik ́s attack in czech press" focuses on events that took place on the 22nd of July 2011, when a norwegian citizen Anders Breivik detonated a bomb in the centre of Oslo and killed 8 people. Then he shot 69 young people on the Utøya island. This thesis shows how these events were presented in the four most read newspapers in the Czech republic which are Aha!, Blesk, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo. The analysis focuses on the period of time between 22nd of July and 22nd of September 2011 and then also on the period from April to August 2012 when the trial took place. This master thesis combines quantitative and qualitative research design and shows that Mladá fronta DNES published the most articles out of all 287. Blesk used the biggest amount of photographs - 2.9 photographs per article. The most used photographs were of the victims and also the photographs of Breivik himself. The most frequent topics covered were of the trial, information about Breivik and memorial events. The qualitative part of the research focuses on used language means and proves that the visual part and the photographs play a very important role on the whole feel and emotions in the article.

The master thesis named The Transformation of Presentation of the Middle East Population in Post-9/11 American Films aims to closely analyze eight chosen mainstream American films with the help of the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The plot of the observed films has to be placed in the Middle East, picture terrorism or contain the Arabs or Muslims as characters. On the basis of a wide range of criteria and the final comparison, the thesis focuses on the comparison of the Hollywood movies which were created before and after the terrorist attacks in New York in 2001. The theoretical chapters are dedicated to the introduction of the social construction of reality, stereotyping and one-dimensional description of the Arabs in Hollywood films and mainly to the deep introduction of West and Islamic culture, not only from the historic but also cultural and valuable point of view. The applied methodology follows after. The detailed analysis of the chosen films is accompanied by photographs and excerpts directly from the films to help readers to understand the differences as much as possible. This part is followed by the final evaluation of the analysis on the basis of the comparison of the observed criteria. The hypothesis is confirmed at the end but there are also some other important...

The master's theses, which examines the phenomenon of state-sponsored terrorism giving the example of Islamic Republic of Iran, consists of two sections, general and specific. In the first part main theoretical concepts and definitions are be introduced. The author gives priority to differentiation between the terms of terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism and marginally also to the problematic definition of state terrorism. Detailed description of the concept of state-sponsored terrorism follow. Last but not least the author provides an insight into the history of the occurrence of this form of terrorism. The merit of the work, however, remains in particular case study of the state- sponsored terrorism, the Islamic Republic of Iran. To understand the context and causes of supporting terrorism, it is necessary to become familiar with the history of Iran (especially since 1979), its political system and the current situation in the country. This thesis will examine the reasons that led Iran to support terrorism on domestic and foreign soil, and specifically focusing on the terrorist organization Hezbollah, which Iran founded and have significantly sponsored for a long time. The intention of the thesis is to identify the main causes of Iranian support for terrorism, to determine how the relationship...

This thesis deals with the qualitative text analysis of media discourses related to the 7th January 2015 terrorist attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo's staff. In accordance with social constructionism theory, the term terrorism is here understood as a social construct and mass media is considered to be one of the social construction agents. The objects of analysis are journalistic texts published during the one-month period of 7th January - 7th February 2015. As a resource for the analysis I have chosen the daily newspaper Lidové noviny, the weekly magazine Týden, online newspaper IHNED.cz and TV programme Události, komentáře. The texts were analysed through the combination of grounded theory method and four steps of foucaultian discourses analysis described by Carla Willig. The aim of this paper is to discover and to interpret the most significant discursive constructions of Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack that appeared in the Czech media, to situate the same discursive object within wider or global discourses, to describe positions that discourses make available or attribute to the subjects and social actors, and to define the practices arising from these discourses. The media event of Charlie Hebdo attack has been closely related to the topics of freedom of speech, 9/11 terrorist...

Terrorism is a very complex and ever developing phenomenon, which can be construed as systematic use of organised violence against uninvolved persons for the purpose of achieving political, criminal or other goals. The struggle against it is very complicated, but necessary. Currently, many people especially connect this term with the Islamic religion. Islamic radicals justify the performed terrorist attacks by an extreme perception of the holy book of Quran and proclaim themselves as holy fighters for freedom. However, recent years have shown that terrorism has spread throughout the world and now with the mass migration represents one of the largest threats for today's society. Terrorism develops as fast as our society and prides itself with the ever growing popularity with sponsors of various kinds with different interests, who with their considerable not only financial support allow the terrorist groups to commit more and more sophisticated and destructive attacks. From the perspective of the CR it can be said that our state can fortunately be considered relatively safe, unlike other member countries of the EU. However, it is necessary to take into account the participation of the CR in the international antiterrorist operations, which without question make the CR a potential target of a possible terrorist attack. However, the participation in these missions is necessary. The currently largest terrorist group Islamic State included the Czech Republic in its list of the "crusade coalition" at the end of 2015, where all enemies of this "pseudo-state". The theoretical part of the thesis on the topic of the Development and action of terrorist groups with regard to the situation after 2001 especially deals with the issues of Islamic terrorist groups. In the introduction of the thesis, the fundamental terms of the issues in question, such as terrorism, Islam, jihad, Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism. The second part of the theoretical part of the thesis deals with terrorist organisations. Due to the current safety situation, the main attention was attached to the development and activity of major terrorist groups, that is Hezbollah, Hamas, and of course Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State. These selected terrorist organisations are elucidated in the theses as much as possible, including their leaders. Subsequently, further selected terrorist organisations are linked to these terrorist groups, namely Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, Palestine Islamic Jihad, and Taliban. In the initial chapter of the research part of the thesis, a research question is stated, which has been determined as follows: "What is the threat of a terrorist attack in the territory of the Czech Republic?", which directly follows the goal of the thesis, which was stipulated as: "Assessment of the threat of a terrorist attack in the territory of the Czech Republic depending on the development of the terrorist groups." Furthermore, the research methodology is stated. In the following chapter of the research part with the title "Results", the reader first familiarises himself with the largest terrorist attacks so far, which have taken place in the USA, on 11 September 2001 and were a turning point in the history of terrorism. The last pages of this part of the thesis contemplate the attacks of Islamic radicals and the situation in the West after 11 September 2001. The middle part of this chapter familiarises the reader with the threats of terrorism for the CR with an accent on Islamic terrorism. Attention is also paid to the Muslim community living in the CR and EU as a potential risk factor of a possible attack. The last part of this chapter of the thesis states semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with leading experts in the issues of terrorism. In the final chapter with the title "Discussion", an analysis of the examined areas is performed. In the conclusion of the thesis, the research question and the thesis objective are answered.

The bachelor thesis Comparison of the media portrayal of Islam after the attack on Charlie Hebdo magazine in Czech public service and private broadcasters focuses on reportages televised by two Czech broadcastings, public service ( T 1) and private broadcastings (TV Nova). The purpose of this thesis is to apply the qualitative content analysis on these reportages in order to find out what is their message, and consequently the depiction of the media portrayal of Islam after the attack on the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo. The first part of the thesis states information about Islam, Charlie Hebdo magazine and facts related to this issue, followed by theoretical definition of media, their content and research. Furthermore, each broadcasting and also the topics of selected reportages are characterized. In the next part of the thesis the results of qualitative analysis are presented in detail and compared with mentioned broadcastings. Keywords Media portrayal, comparison of media portrayal, Islam, islamophobia, is negative stereotyping of Islam, attack on Charlie Hebdo magazine, terrorism, freedom of speech, public service broadcasting, private broadcasting, qualitative analysis

This article is focused on the issue of failed states and their transition toward the security realm as a result of securitization that occurred in the USA in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The main aim of the article is to point out how failed states have been transferred into the security discourse after the 9/11. We will explore whether the link between state failure and terrorist groups forms sufficient grounds for the legitimization of extraordinary measures, such as the illiberal policy of the Bush administration that culminated in the invasion of Iraq. In addition to studying the attractiveness of ungoverned or ill-governed spaces for terrorists, this article points out the risks involved in applying the theory of securitization to the issue of failed states in the context of the global war on terror. It concludes that the connection between failed states and terrorist groups is not unconditional, and thus securitization in this context may serve other objectives than simply to reduce threats. In addition to the application of the theory of securitization, several other methods are used, including historical and analytical methods accompanied by case study and quantitative comparisons.

This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of chemical weapons usage. Its goal is to assess the relevance of chemical weapons in terms of their development, usage, and international limitation, prohibition or liquidation efforts, as well as to determine whether they currently present a threat and if so, what kind. The thesis first presents a brief characteristic of the historical development of chemical weapons, international efforts for their limitation or prohibition, and subsequently the individual types of chemical weapons and means of delivery during conflicts. In the practical section, the author then focuses on 20th and 21st century armed conflicts in which chemical weapons were used or could have been used. Using an analytical-descriptive method, these conflicts are evaluated in terms of the very nature of the conflict, the circumstances surrounding the deployment of chemical weapons, the types of chemical weapons used, their impact on the final result of the conflict, and more importantly, the influence that relevant international treaties or previous experience and political characters of the countries in question had on the decision to use or not use them. Other specific areas dealt with are chemical terrorism and the Czech Republic´s initiative regarding chemical weapons. In the end, results of the performed analysis and a discussion are given by the author, in which he presents the conclusions made from the stated information as well as his own opinions on the given issue.

The aim of this work is explanation of the concept of homegrown terrorism based on an analysis of selected terrorist attacks; and creates a definition for this completely new phenomenon. For the processing of the topic I chose a comparative case study method, which is applied to the exploration of three terrorist attacks (terrorist attacks in London 2005, attacks in editorial office of Charlie Hebdo in 2015 and terrorist attacks in Paris 2015). Basic investigated dependent variable is homegrown terrorism and the independent variables are concepts "belonging" and "autonomy". Variables that are connected to the concept of "belonging" include the origin of the attackers and links to the Western countries, the concept of "autonomy" is linked to the independence of the attackers to terrorist groups abroad and self-training of the attackers and finally motives of the attackers include the role of religion, the social situation of the attackers and hatred of invaders towards the West. The variables above are applied to each terrorist attack separately in the form of table data. Each dependent and independent variable may be positive or negative. According to this research, I found that each particular attack was different in certain characteristics from the previous one and therefore it is difficult to...

Bachalor's thesis 'British imperial experience in conflict management in Northern Ireland' discusses British army deployment to Northern Ireland's Troubles between 1969 and 1998. Thesis observes the use of classical British army counterinsurgency doctrine, which was formed in 1960s in the withdrawal from Empire (doctrine was massively influenced by successful COIN campaign in Malaya 1948-1960). Based on application of particular aspects of the doctrine (namely clear political aim, hearts and minds and civil-military coordination) this thesis describes to which extend army relied on this classical doctrine and to which extend was the doctrine modified and how new tactics and strategies were developed for the specific environment of Northern Ireland. Analysis of British army actions points out that army was strongly leaning towards the classical doctrine during initial years of deployment (1969-1972) lacking intelligence of its environment and made several mistakes because of its inability to reflect specific conditions of the conflict. In upcoming years, especially after direct rule of London was imposed in 1972 and the introduction of police primacy, army focused on intelligence gathering and fighting terrorism and was able to adapt to specific conditions and challenges rather well.

The Bachelor's thesis The role of media in crisis negotiation with terrorist organizations describes the complicated relationship between news media and terrorism. The first part of the thesis explains why media consider terrorism to be an attractive issue for media coverage and why terrorists need media. Furthermore, it defines the elementary principles of journalism ethics, which journalists should follow. The study focuses particularly on cases relating to negotiation with terrorist organizations for hostages' release. It also describes which roles media takes during the negotiation for hostages' release. In this context, the thesis deals with ethical issues concerning spreading terrorist's propaganda via media, censorship by the state of information about national security and terrorism, depiction of violence in media and invasion of victims privacy. In the second part of thesis, theoretical findings about media, journalism ethics and terrorism are applied to beheading videos of American, British and Japanese hostages, which were published by Islamic state in 2014 a 2015. The theses explains in depth, how media influence efforts for the release of Islamic state's hostages. It analyses ethical transgressions, which media committed in case of this issue.

This bachelor thesis is focused on the admission of the United Nations to the imminence of global terrorism. The first part introduces and describes the main definitions and characteristics of terrorist organizations together with current development of individual forms of terrorism. Next part deals with the procedure of evaluation terrorism threats by the United Nations and what kind of tools the United Nations has for a fight against terrorism. The last part is comparison of the case studies of al-Qaeda and Islamic State which describe the activites of terrorist organizations and specific procedures of the United Nations which are evaluated in the last part of this thesis.

Bibliographic note Author. ISIS: Terrorist state or terrorist organization . 65 p. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Economic and Political Studies. Supervisor. Abstract The thesis deals with the investigation of the terrorist activities run by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), an entity in the Middle East which is commonly referred to as a terrorist organization. By evaluating the activities run by ISIS in the seized territories, the organization of civil governance and public administration in them, the investigation of the propaganda model applied by ISIS for attracting new members from around the globe, and the analysis of the main sources of funding used by the Islamic State, the author proves that ISIS significantly differs from classical terrorist organizations, and therefore might be assigned the status of a terrorist state. Abstrakt Diplomová práce se zabývá. Keywords Insurgency, ISIS, Islamic State, propaganda, terrorism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This bachelor thesis studies the formation and development of insurgentl movements operating in Colombia and Peru. The main attention is given to the two most signifiant groups, namely the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Shining Path (SL). Activities of these movements in the second half of the 20th century greatly crippled the stability and prosperity of the state. The aim of this study is to find similarities and differences between the origin and subsequent evolution of the two rebel groups. The emphasis is on the criteria of the establishment of organizations, program background, clashes with armed forces and official negotiations with the governments of the countries concerned. The basic method used is the analysis of historical data and information and their subsequent comparison.

The thesis is focused on the issue of terrorist attacks using chosen CBRN agents. It primarily deals with the readiness of the basic compounds of the integrated rescue system (IZS) in South Bohemian region on these situations. This thesis is focused on the assessment of the readiness of the compounds of the IZS against terrorist CBRN agents abuse. The first part of the thesis marginally deals with the philosophy of terrorism and the chosen terrorist organizations, which are substantially identified in the modern history of mankind. Terrorist organizations are divided according to continents from East to West. In the thesis there are not included terrorist organizations of Africa and South America. The next part of the thesis deals with selected CBRN agents, which I chose on the basis of their effectivity and the relative availability for terrorist organizations and also it is focused on the basic effects on the human organism. In the last part the principle of dispersion of single agents is included. In the research part of the thesis I deal with readiness of the basic compounds of the IZS in the South Bohemia region on terrorist attack using CBRN agents. For the realization of the research I chose the method of questionnaire research. I created a different questionnaire for each of the basic compounds of IZS with specifically selected questions, relating to the area of their competence in the incident with CBRN agents. The questions were drawn up according to competences set in Katalogový soubor typových činností při společném zásahu složek IZS. For their evaluation, I set a percentage limit for the each compound, to correspond with their scale of work and responsibilities made on the place of incident with the appearance of CBRN agents. Another factor of the classification was focused on the level of individual protection against CBRN agents at Hasičský záchranný sbor Jihočeského kraje, Policie České republiky v Jihočeském kraji a Zdravotnická záchranná služba Jihočeského kraje. On the basis of these criteria I have decided to answer the research question. In the next part of the chapter of discussion I have focused on the results of the questionnaires when I took every basic compound of the IZS, which has been investigated, and chose three of the most problematic questions from every questionnaire and I tried to explain the cause of nonsuccess with warranty of correct answer. In the relation on unsatisfactory negative result of the research, I have made a SWOT analyze of basic compounds of IZS, focused on readiness against CBRN agents. With the SWOT analyze, I have specified the strategy for next improvements. The last part of the chapter is devoted to solution of this problem, where I made a scenario of the common exercises for all compounds of IZS. The topic of exercises is focused on terrorist attack with using of the CBRN agents in Dopravně obchodním centru Mercury v Českých Budějovicích. The basic specification of the exercise is synchronized attack with dispersion of nerve gas sarin, placed on the bus station and improvised explosive device used in combination with the ionizating radiation source. At the end of the thesis I have focused on recapitulation of the results and made some recomended methods for improvement of actual status.

Příspěvek pojednává o některých institutech, které mohou být využívány v rámci dokazování trestné činnosti terorismu. V současné době je terorismus světovou bezpečnostní hrozbou, přičemž vyšetřování a dokazování terorismu je s ohledem na charakter této činnosti značně složité. Některé státy proto zavedly do svých právních řádů instituty, které mají těmto orgánům pomoci. Snad jedním z nejvíce diskutovaných zákonů je v této oblasti zákon USA označovaný jako PATRIOT ACT. Tento zákon je hlavním tématem tohoto příspěvku – představeny jsou základní instituty a nechybí ani srovnání s úpravou v ČR. Příspěvek pojednává o některých institutech, které mohou být využívány v rámci dokazování trestné činnosti terorismu. V současné době je terorismus světovou bezpečnostní hrozbou, přičemž vyšetřování a dokazování terorismu je s ohledem na charakter této činnosti značně složité. Některé státy proto zavedly do svých právních řádů instituty, které mají těmto orgánům pomoci. Snad jedním z nejvíce diskutovaných zákonů je v této oblasti zákon USA označovaný jako PATRIOT ACT. Tento zákon je hlavním tématem tohoto příspěvku – představeny jsou základní instituty a nechybí ani srovnání s úpravou v ČR. The paper deals with some institutes that can be used in investigation of crime of terrorism. Investigation of terrorism is more difficult as the terrorist threat is becoming more diffuse and harder to detect. Some adopted legislation introduced new specific institutes for the purpose of simplifying investigation of terrorism – especially the USA or the UK. The discussed PATRIOT ACT legalized institutes like Roving wiretaps or Delayed Notice Warrant, both of them quite controversial. The paper introduces these instruments and compares them with the Czech ones.

An increasing number of supporters of Salafi Islam in Germany has recently been a much discussed topic. The German Salafist movement is a radical branch of Islam, which is characterized by a fundamentalist way of life according to a literal interpretation of the Koran. To the German public, this movement is known mainly for its major propaganda activities. In Germany this movement has grown in popularity within a short time and now holds a special position. Salafists have earned acclaim for their numerous activities, such as "Islamic seminaries" or their significant Internet propaganda. The activities of the movement are viewed with concern not only by the media, the political scene and the German public, but also by the German secret service. In particular the German intelligence service is currently struggling with the problem of the growing number of supporters of an Islamic state and their departure to Syria and Iraq. The question of preventing this radicalization, especially of young German Muslims, remains in many respects still unanswered. Since Salafiyya is a movement that is primarily focused on the German image of Islam, and therefore on missionary activities aimed at the German public. There are many German converts, who operate in Salafi structures. Unlike the immigrant community these...