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This paper offers an overview on the Cuban agricultural sector: the problems it faces; the measures implemented from 2007 up today; the main challenges for its future transformation. Cuban agriculture is suffering from varied problems: poor productivity; not used land resources; imperfect agricultural markets; diverse productive forms with different management rules; scarce growth of the agricultural production (especially sugarcane and animal production); not satisfied internal and external demand. Thus, it is necessary to insist in the adopted measures for restructuring the Cuban agricultural sector and to implement more radical measures to obtain a better dynamic of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo es una aproximación histórica a la evolución en la tenencia de la tierra en Hatoviejo (Bello, Antioquia, Colombia) durante los siglos XVII y XVIII. En él se estudia el proceso de fragmentación de la merced de tierras entregada por el cabildo de la ciudad de Antioquia al conquistador Gaspar de Rodas en el siglo XVI, quien lo cedió a sus hijos. Brevemente se muestra como aquellas inmensas propiedades se subdividieron hasta conformar varios hatos y estancias donde se producían muchos de los alimentos que se consumían en la provincia. A partir de los protocolos notariales se reconstruye el proceso subsiguiente de fragmentación de aquellas haciendas hasta la aparición de pequeñas y medianas propiedades en manos de mestizos, indígenas y pardos libres, para concluir con el análisis de la estructura tenencial de la tierra al final del periodo estudiado. Palabras clave: Hatoviejo, tenencia de la tierra, poblamiento, haciendas, mediana y pequeña propiedad. “More cattle that fruits”. The land tenure evolution in Hatoviejo (Bello), Antioquia, from 17th to 18th centuries Abstract This article is an historical approach to the land tenure evolution in Hatoviejo, (Bello, Antioquia, Colombia) during the 17th and 18th centuries. In this article it is studied the mercy fragmentation process of lands that were given by the city of Antioquia town council to the conqueror Gaspar de Rodas in the 16th century, who later ceded them to his sons. In a brief it is shown how those large properties were subdivided to become several cattle farms and farms where most of the food consumed in the province was produced. From notarial registers it is reconstructed the subsequent fragmentation of those farms until the birth of small and medium properties belonging to mestizo people, native people and mulatto people, and having as a conclusion the analysis of the land tenure structure from this studied period. Keywords: Hatoviejo, Land Tenure, Settlement, Farms, Medium and Small Property.

En el presente trabajo se analizarán las transformaciones en la distribución y uso de la tierra, así como las luchas sociales que alrededor de la propiedad rural se han desarrollado en el municipio de Cajibío (Cauca, Colombia) durante el periodo 1973-2008. Centraremos nuestro interés en la tierra y en sus principales transformaciones, pues además de ser una de las mejores estrategias para aproximarnos a la realidad de una sociedad campesina, nos permite señalar algunos de los fenómenos de recomposición económica y política más fuertes registrados en este municipio. Para ello hemos recurrido a un trabajo estadístico con cifras provenientes del Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC), a un trabajo con fuentes documentales consignadas en cuatro archivos estatales de Cajibío y a entrevistas en profundidad con líderes, habitantes y funcionarios del municipio.

El objetivo primordial de este trabajo consiste en identificar a la élite política que constituyó la base de poder del roquismo en la provincia de Jujuy entre 1880 y 1910. La aproximación al tema es doble: por un lado delinear la inserción económica de este grupo y por el otro perfilar sus carreras políticas a lo largo del periodo. En cuanto a la dimensión económica, el catastro provincial de 1887 permite analizar la estructura de la propiedad de la tierra e identificar a los más grandes propietarios de la provincia. Las conexiones y acción política del grupo se estudian en base a información biográfica y correspondencia entre actores políticos de la élite.

La principal paradoja del régimen de tenencia de la tierra en el nombre del Altiplano durante la última parte del período colonial fue la siguiente: la tierra era barata. Todavía no se había convertido en un "bien mercancía", ya que en principio era comercializada como una parte secundaria del capital de ganado al cual alimentaba. En la mayoría de las transacciones el valor del ganado y el de sus pastos era uno solo. Sin el ganado lo pastos valían muy poco. Esto correspondió a una situación en la cual tanto el ganado como la población no eran numerosos.

Con el presente trabajo presentamos dos áreas naturales protegidas, ubicadas en dos regiones ecológicas y culturales representativas de la biodiversidad de México: Zona Protectora Forestal Cañadas de Contreras Distrito Federal y la reserva de Biosfera, Sierra de Huautla Morelos. Aplicando el enfoque de metabolismo social, etnográfico y cualitativo se evalúa la evolución de la propiedad en nuestro país y su relación con los procesos demográficos y socioeconómicos. A partir de información documental, cartográfica y de entrevistas individuales y talleres se hizo la reconstrucción histórica de las dos regiones naturales para saber cómo la tenencia de la tierra ha afectado y afecta el modo de apropiación y percepción de los recursos naturales que se detentan en las dos regiones.

En este trabajo pretendemos aproximarnos al complejo mundo rural cordobés y observar otras formas de tenencias de la tierra, con sus prácticas de producción y trabajo, los diversos actores que se mueven dentro y fuera de la unidad, sus trayectorias personales y empresarias y las múltiples relaciones sociales que los vincularon. Procuraremos ampliar nuestra mirada hacia el contexto en que operaron en el marco regional e interregional. A los fines de comparar y observar los cambios y permanencias que se fueron dando, hemos acotado nuestra observación a un conjunto de establecimientos rurales que hacia finales del siglo XVIII pasó a ser administrado por la orden Betlemita y forman una unidad de producción que se puede seguir en el largo plazo, desde que se construye socialmente el espacio que ocupan, a fines del siglo XVI, hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.In this work we intend an approaching to the complex rural world of Cordoba and observe other ways of land tenancy, with its productive and work practices, the different actors that moves inside and outside the unity, their personal and entrepreneur trayectories and the multiple social relationships that linked them. We will try to wide our view towards the context in which they operated in the regional and interregional frame. In order to compare and observe the changes and permanencies that take place, we have to reduce our observation to a group of rural establishments that towards the end of the XVIIIth century turned to be administered by the Bentlemite order and formed a unity of production that can be followed in the long term, since the moment were is socially built the occupied space, at the end of the XVIth century to the second half of the XIXth century.

At the present article we intend to analyze the way of works of the rental rural system, as much as the transformation in the so called "traditional system" and the impact that had the agrarian legislation of "emergency" sanctioned in those years. We will approach the study from a regional comparative point of view for which we have selected four bonaerenses' districts, one for each productive area in which is divided the province since we believe that exist a very close relationship between the systems of land tenancy (renting or property), the productive activity (agriculture or cattle-rising) and the type of predominant exploit (little family unities or big exploitations).En el presente trabajo nos proponemos analizar el funcionamiento del sistema de arrendamientos rurales, así como las transformaciones respecto del denominado "sistema tradicional" y el impacto que sobre el mismo tuvo la legislación agraria de "emergencia" sancionada en esos años. Abordamos el estudio desde una óptica regional comparativa para lo cual hemos seleccionado cuatro partidos bonaerenses, uno por cada área productiva en que se divide la provincia ya que creemos que existe una relación muy estrecha entre el sistema de tenencia de la tierra (arrendamiento o propiedad), la actividad productiva (agricultura o ganadería) y el tipo de explotación predominante (pequeñas unidades familiares o grandes explotaciones).

The purpose of this article is to analyze the agrarian policy of Peronism in a specific context characterized by great modifications in the way capitalism functions --exhibited in an environment dominated by a generalized crisis situation-- and where financial capital fulfills a fundamental role in economic and political processes in the early 1970s. This is a complex historical period which gives rise to political and socioeconomic contradictions and variations that succeed each other at an accelerated rate. In this context, we will study the various initiatives that were derived from this sector policy, in an environment marked by a tendency towards agreements and concertation, but which fails due to the prevalence of confrontation between socioeconomic sectors with disparate interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that there is a transformation in the relationship between land, peasant communities and its members or comuneros. In the case of the communities of the Peruvian northern coast, this transformation links with a double dynamic: (i) the increasing external pressure on the resource from the private-national and transnational capitals, and (ii) the emergence of new means and motivations of access to land among the communal members. under these circumstances, the communities seek to develop mechanisms of containment that, nevertheless, escape to their own logics of control and imply the risk of a progressive division of shares of the communal territory. In order to demonstrate this, the article examines new uses (and potential uses) of the land that generates more expectations among the comuneros, and new strategies of access to the resource that different actors compete for. Two peasant communities in the north coast of Peru, San Lucas de Colán and San Juan Bautista de Catacaos, are used as case studies. In orther to understand the variation of acces to land trought time and to point out the new logics in the last decades, this article will examine the history and configuration process of land tenure in these communities. Finally, the article suggests as a hipothesis that these new logics transform the meanning of community and the relationship between the peasant communities and ithe comuneros. The latter seek to gain access to new lands without necesarily involving their permanency in the communal territory nor having a productive use of their plots. Hence, the north coast communities are facing the challenge of a possible transformation in their functions like the control and defense of land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the development policies aimed at the agricultural sector in Argentina during the 1950s and 1960s. The author considers the process of implementation of these public policies as well as their tangible effects on agricultural activity, the Argentine economy, and society in general. She also comments on both the domestic and foreign pressures that led to the enactment of these agrarian development policies, which primarily dealt with questions of land ownership and property rights.

This article considers the government land policies of the Valle del Cauca department in Colombia from 1910 to 1920. The author examines the benefits derived from the appropriation of these vacant lands by large landowners and agricultural businesses in the region. He also discusses land allocation, agricultural productivity, and public works projects commissioned by the local and state government.

The article presents a synthesis of studies on land concentration and globalization in 17 countries of the region and the main dynamics observed. The presentation begins with general information about the recent project completed by FAO Regional Office. In the second part, we observe the conceptual framework used in the project and the land ownership and concentration in a historical perspective. Third - the core of the article - it provides an overview on the background analysis found in the country reports, highlighting the most significant characteristics affecting the operation of the land market in Latin America and the Caribbean. Then we analyze the following issues: (i) the dimensions of concentration/land grabbing, (ii) the perception of different people on the subject, (iii) the presence of "interventionist states," land grabbing in the region, (iv) merger cases in order to conserve natural resources, (v) the ruler and arrangements for regional value expansion, and (vi) and stimulus/obstacles to concentration/land grabbing. Finally, we ask some questions about these issues discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the impact of the land reforms that took place in the state of Campeche, Mexico, during the 20th century. The authors examine the attempts by the Mexican government to create a communal agrarian society in the region. They compare this communal society with the common land ownership practices of the indigenous Mayan population. According to the authors, the laws and policies related to agrarian reform were often poorly drawn up, which resulted in the peasantry erroneously obtaining large tracts of land.

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The land tenure has played a decisive role in shaping the social relations in Mojos (Bolivia). Ethnographic research carried out for six months in the communities of Indigenous Territory "Mojeño- Ignaciano" has allowed us to identify the new strategies adopted by this people, in order to offer an economic and sociopolitical alternative to face the social group who has historically dominated the spheres of power. The emergence of the indigenous movement in eastern Bolivia in the nineties, was the definitive trigger to make a gap for the native populations in the national political agenda. The relationship with the new Plurinational State is, in the same way, in a process off reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CS is the property of Rafael Silva Vega and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the cessation of civil conflict in 2003, the Liberian government is poised to expand greatly its protected area network to conserve the country's remaining rainforest. Liberia holds within its borders nearly half of the remaining Guinean rainforest, a global biodiversity hotspot. The planning process for this effort has been a central part of rebuilding Liberia's forestry sector, which helped fuel past conflict. The process, known as the Liberia Forestry Initiative, is widely considered to have been exemplary with regard to multistakeholder dialogue and policy making. Because the issue of land tenure remains widely contested, however, the initiative risks seriously aggravating land rights problems, complicating the prospects for a durable peace. This article focuses on the process through which land was zoned for strict protection and how this process is likely to exacerbate land tenure conflict in Liberia's priority conservation areas. Although the international conservation community sees postconflict scenarios as opportunities for promoting conservation initiatives, unresolved land tenure issues make for problematic outcomes, including land disputes and legal disarray. Such problems can result in significant volatility and can make the peace process and recovery much more, not less, difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reforms to Mexico's rural sector that allow ejido and other communal lands to be privatized have been widely criticized. However, the national certification program that facilitates this process, called PROCEDE, has received little attention. We describe how the program was implemented, based on field research in eleven indigenous communities and analysis of archival, cadastral, and statistical information. We explain the surveying methods and the varied ways in which indigenous communities participated in the program. One major achievement of PROCEDE has been to replace thousands of old, inaccurate property maps with a modern cadastral framework based on the delimitation of communal territories with the direct involvement of local people. Many land conflicts were resolved as part of the certification process, although errors in the delimitation will likely generate new ones. However, while the ostensible goals of certification are laudable, there are serious concerns about its consequences for indigenous peoples, including the erosion of community institutions, increased socioeconomic differentiation, accelerated deforestation, and threats to their cultural survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a study of the semi-autonomous Carib Territory of Dominica, this article proposes that access to the land be thought of in terms of land security, a concept that bridges productive, cultural, and political dimensions of the land. Interviews revealed an identification with the land deeper than issues of ownership usually address and at odds with proposals for individual and collective land titling. The consideration of land security is offered as a way to expand our disciplinary language to fit indigenous realities, by connecting the adjudication of property rights directly to the heritage and environmental rights of residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta información sobre los posters expuestos durante el 2º Congreso de Geografía de las Universidades Nacionales, que se celebró en septiembre de 2009 en la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, en Santa Rosa (La Pampa), Argentina. Los temas abordados incluyeron el estudio de la ocupación humana en el Oeste Pampeano, la construcción social del territorio pampeano y la periurbanización de Yerba Buena (Tucumán, Argentina).

In the new historiography is considered relevant to back the study of the history of institutions or the political aspects of societies in the past. But also it is increasingly important the analysis of collective identities in history, and one of the ways by which we can explore these themes to Cultural History is through reconstruction of the tenure of owners during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in outlying regions of New Spain and Mexico. This work explores the forms of occupation and ownership of the missionaries, soldiers and ranchers in northern Baja California over a period of the peopling characterized by the establishment of the Mission (pueblo de misión) and after its transformation into frontereños ranches. Knowing the history of the laws, but above all with contrasting forms of ownership of Mission lands, allows us to draw one of the most significant identities of that period and of the region: the frontereños. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between cotton production in the Colombian Caribbean, international demand and the demand of the national textile industry between 1850 and 1930. Are analyzed the conditions in which the cultivation of cotton in this region, highlighting the technology used in the production and marketing of fiber, and the relationship between the direct producer, land ownership and capital market intermediaries between production and markets. It is argued that the To fall on small farmers without land ownership, subject to the system of pasture land and money for advancement in the crop, cotton production had a tendency to stagnation, prices not competitive with foreign production and lower quality fiber. In its initial phase (1910-1929) the textile industry in this region but stimulated the production for the domestic market did not change the factors set forth and consequently native cotton prices remained higher than abroad due to the conditions that occurred. After 1930 the state became a factor and regulatory policies of quotas, tariffs and incentives helped off the cotton production in other regions of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the process of privatization of indigenous reservations in New Granada and argues that the process was mired in conflict. The article demonstrates how ethnic and gender discrimination sparked conflict as attempts were made to privatize indigenous reservations. The focus of the struggles for control over the privatization process was the surveyor: he who had the power to name the surveyor could -in large part- control how the privatized land parcels would be distributed. By naming surveyors trained in the national Military School, the governors in Bogotá consolidated their political power over privatization, legitimated a process that fomented ethnic and gender discrimination, and promoted the reputations of surveyors trained in the Military School as neutral, dependable experts, despite the mistakes these surveyors also committed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural resources protection in Costa Rica started during the seventies. In 1975 the San Ramon Forest Reserve was created. Today the Alberto Brenes Mora Biological Reserve situated in the north-western sector of San Ramon, Alajuela province, is being expropriated by private land owners. The analysis of this problem revealed that 60% (4900 hectares) of the 7.500 hectares of this area are going to become private, creating problems for the administration and management of the protected area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the main contributions which the internationally renowned agricultural economist SOLON BARRACLOUGH made to rural studies, particularly in Latin America. It also describes aspects of his professional career highlighting his work with the Latin American Regional Office of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) since the late 1950s and specially with the Agrarian Reform Training and Research Institute (ICIRA) in Chile. BARRACLOUGH was one of the leading architects of the CIDA studies on land tenure in various Latin American countries. It is during this period that he became one of the leading experts and advocates of agrarian reform and the empowerment of the peasantry. With his appointment as director of the prestigious United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) in Geneva in 1977 he continued to be actively engaged with rural and peasant issues such as food security and peasant participation as well as with environmental problems and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]