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Objective: Characterize the 2019 drought in its social context and the conditions of vulnerability of sugarcane growers in the north of Oaxaca, as well as prevention, adaptation and mitigation measures. Methodology: A quantitative technique was used, based on current and historical precipitation data in the región, the beginning of the rainy season and the precipitation of the 2019 were compared with the historical anual average. Through collective and individual interviews, the perception and opinios of sugarcane growers and local were recopilated. Academic and official documents were also reviewed. Results: The 2019 drought has been the most severe in recent decades; this is shown by the testimonies collected by the analysis of the meteorological data. Limitations: The meteorological data series at many stations are incomplete, limiting climate studies. The number of interviews carried oot does not allow the results of the investigation to be projected to a wider región than the area under study. Conclusions: The information generated show the vulnerability of sugarcane growers as they are in a situation of poverty, marginalization, dependence on unions and sugar mills and the lack of preventive, adaptation and mitigation measures. It is concluded that for droughts in humid regions preventive and mitigation measures are minimal. However, it is necessary to implement them since climate change forecast indicate that droughts the will be increasingly intense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugar cane in Mauritius currently occupies 56,000 ha, an area which has declined at an accelerated rate in the last decade. The Field Operations, Regrouping and Irrigation Project (FORIP), funded by the European Union, was implemented in 2006 to sustain cane production in the small-scale grower sector. By 2015, the Project covered 7,300 hectares. However, some growers who benefitted from the scheme started abandoning the rehabilitated fields. This study aimed at assessing the area abandoned and identifying the main reasons for abandonment. An island-wide survey involving 259 beneficiaries was carried out in different agro -climatic zones. The survey revealed that farm abandonment was more prevalent in the very humid and humid zones and among part-time growers cultivating less than one hectare. The main reasons for abandonment were low yields and high costs of labour and transport, leading to low profitability. The findings should help relevant authorities to take necessary remedial measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugar is a widely consumed commodity all over the world. India produced 33 million metric tons of sugar in 2018-2019, making it the world's largest sugar producer. Sugar production is affected by a variety of factors, including the region under sugar cane, sugar cane production, cane yield per hectare, the number of sugar factories in operation, and the total amount of sugar cane crushed. The current paper, titled "Prediction of Sugar Production Using Multivariate Linear Regression," focuses on sugar production forecasting. Forecasting allows you to keep track of your market by foreseeing challenges and opportunities. Forecasting accuracy is just as important for a company as it is for a person. To render the model using multivariate linear regression for predicting total sugar production, time-series data of sugar production from 1931 to 2018 was used. Cooperative Sugar, Vol. 51, No. 6, February 2020, is the source of the knowledge. The model was trained with 80% of the data and tested with 20% of the data. The association between different parameters is determined using a heatmap. For predicting total sugar output, a multivariate linear regression model is the best fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the industrial quality of three sugarcane cultivars during the plant cycle at the supply area of "Santa Rosalía de la Chontalpa" sugarcane mill, Design/Methodology/Approach An experiment was established under a factorial design 3x3 (3 cultivars CP 72-2086, MEX 79-431 and MEX 69-290, x 3 sampling dates 330, 390 and 450 days after sowing (DAS)) on an Eutric Fluvisol soil, In each plantation, a sample of 10 stems with three replications was collected to determine the industrial quality by polarimetry, Results The industrial quality of the evaluated cultivars only differed statistically in terms of the percentage of purity, MEX 79-431 was the one that presented the lowest value for this variable, At 450 DAS, the highest value was observed for °Brix (1728), POL percentage (14,92), purity (86,44%), The values obtained in the present study for the quality of juice in the evaluated cultivars are within the range of the standard values established for Mexico, Limitations/Implications Polarimetry is still the method used by most of the sugar mills in Mexico, even if other more environmental-friendly methodologies exist, Findings/Conclusions The trend line that best fit to MEX 69-290 and MEX 79-431, for °Brix, POL and purity, was a linear polynomial and to CP 72-2086, a polynomial quadratic, Fresh stems humidity and reducing sugars showed best fit with an inverse polynomial, °Brix presented strong and positive correlation with POL (R=0,99**), and strong and negative with reducer sugars (R=-0,95**) and fresh stem humidity (R=-0,91**). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Precision agriculture, making use of the spatial and temporal variability of cultivable land, allows farmers to refine fertilization, control field irrigation, estimate planting productivity, and detect pests and disease in crops. To that end, this paper identifies the spectral reflectance signature of brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala) and orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), which contaminate sugar cane leaves (Saccharum spp.). By means of spectrometry, the mean values and standard deviations of the spectral reflectance signature are obtained for five levels of contamination of the leaves in each type of rust, observing the greatest differences between healthy and diseased leaves in the red (R) and near infrared (NIR) bands. With the results obtained, a multispectral camera was used to obtain images of the leaves and calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results identified the presence of both plagues by differentiating healthy from contaminated leaves through the index value with an average difference of 11.9% for brown rust and 9.9% for orange rust.

To develop an artificial seed of sugar cane using sodium alginate and starch, it was possible to bring shoots resistance and protection in addition to a germination of 100 and 84%, respectively. In order to improve the technology of the artificial seed of sugarcane, two experiments were carried out to evaluate different polymer concentrations (sodium alginate and starch) and determine the maximum storage time for the artificial seed, using a completely random design, and a factorial 5x5 completely random design. The study variables were as follows: physical condition, rheological, mechanical test and seedling emergence. The results obtained have allowed to us to conclude that the best physical condition, resistance and seedling emergence, were obtained with 2% (w/v) sodium alginate and 15% (w/v) starch, corroborating that the initially proposed encapsulation is reliable for the artificial seed elaboration. The seed viability at the fifth day of elaboration was the best choice with a seedling emergence of 100 % at the 30 days of planting. Therefore, artificial seed can only be stored for five days to ensure a 100% seed germination.

Our aim is to determine continuities and changes in the cañada of Yosotiche environment since the introduction by Spanish conquerors and settlers of new crops, especially sugarcane. A study of the biolog ical modifications of a particular ecosystem allows inferences on changes and continuities in socio-political relations. This particular case study contributes to a discussion of the general model of Mixtec political territoriality. The methodology applied here involves a convergence that integ rates the analysis of historical documents, archaeological data, fieldwork and anthropological infor mation, along with discoveries made by earlier research. It offers insight into occupational dynamics and their ties to the political, administrative, economic and social structures within the cañada dur ing colonial times. The introduction of foreign crops produced changes in the ecological complementarity system practiced by the villages that possessed lands in the cañada, consequently modifying the labour relations of the inhabitants. An analysis of this situation reveals the singular status of the lands owned by Tlaxiaco, which seemingly fit the regulations dictated by the Laws of the Indies but, in essence, meant the continuity of pre-Hispanic traditions.

A new sugar cane fertilization method based on the principles of sustainable land management is suggested. Accordingly, a study was conducted at the Mid-Eastern Sugar Cane Local Research Station (ETICA) in the province of Camagüey, Cuba. The single or combined effects of FitoMas- E and Enerplant phytostimulants, using 50% of the mineral fertilizer dose recommended by the Service of Fertilizer Recommendations and Amendments (SERFE) for this particular type of soil for variables crop yields and industrial yields. The stumps used for evaluation belonged to a third generation. The results demonstrated that the mixture of Enerplant and FitoMas-E with 50% of the dose for mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the crop and industrial yields evaluated for sugar cane. Moreover, the economic assessment showed that the three treatments that applied the phytostimulants, either separately or together, combined with 50% of the dose recommended by SERFE, were more productive than the application of the whole dose. These criteria should be considered due to the environmental benefits observed in this study.

The sugar cane massif of the Argeo Martínez Sugar Company in Guantánamo province is affected by the woody species Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn (marabou) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit. (leucaena), those that invade sugarcane plantations in the territory, sharing living space, water, light and nutrients while making harvest difficult. In order to determine the degree of affectation and frequency of appearance of the woody, exotic and invasive species D. cinerea and L. leucocephala and to represent the spatial distribution, the study was carried out in the sugarcane areas based on the weed survey of the PCMalezas between the years 2006-2018. The results of the frequency of appearance showed that these species are scattered in 96 blocks of 8 producing units, distributed in 2,723.09 ha of sugarcane with a predominance of the degree of slight affectation and number of incidence as weeds. 4. The statistical analysis of the frequency of appearance, showed a significant difference between the species of woody plants. It was observed in the spatial distribution, that the northwest and southeast region of the sugarcane agricultural area presents a higher incidence of invasion of the species studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted at district Kom Ombo sugar cane farms, (latitude of 24° 28° N and longitude of 32° 57° E), Aswan Governorate, in the two seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 including plant cane and 1st ratoon crops, respectively, To study the effect of harvesting age and phosphorus fertilization levels on yield and quality of some sugar cane varieties Field experiment included twenty-seven treatments represented the combinations among three harvesting ages (10, 11 and 12 months) three phosphorus fertilization levels [30, 45 and 60 kg P205/fad.] and three sugar cane vaneties [G.T. 54-9, G.2003-47 and G.2004-27]. Randomized complete block design with three replications laind aut in split-split plots arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To explore the effect of methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sugarcane seedlings under drought stress, and to provide reference for the research on drought physiology and biochemistry of sugarcane at seedling stage. [Method] In a closed space, set normal water supply (treatment 1), normal water supply +1.0 mg/L 1-MCP fumigation (treatment 2), drought stress (treatment 3), and drought stress +1.0 mg/L 1-MCP fumigation (treatment 4) treatment, measured the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sugarcane leaves of each treatment, and analyzed the effect of 1-MCP on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sugarcane seedlings under drought stress. [Result] Under normal water supply, the total chlorophyll content of sugarcane in treatment 1 and treatment 2 was maintained at a high level and relatively stable; under drought stress, the total chlorophyll content of sugarcane in treatment 3 and treatment 4 was significantly lower than that in treatment 1. And treatment 2, and with the extension of the drought stress time, the total chlorophyll content of treatment 4 sugarcane was significantly higher than that of treatment 3 (P<0.05, the same below). Under normal water supply, PSII light energy conversion efficiency (F v /F m ), PSII actual utilization quantum yield (Yield), electron transfer efficiency (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and Leaf non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) and other chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are relatively stable and have no significant difference (P>0.05); under drought stress, the F v /F m, Yield, ETR and qP of sugarcane leaves in treatments 3 and 4 Lower than treatment 1 and treatment 2, qN was significantly higher than treatment 1 and treatment 2. Among them, on the 3rd to 5th day of drought stress, the F v /F m, Yield, ETR and qP of sugarcane leaves of treatment 4 were significantly higher than Treatment 3, qN was significantly lower than treatment 3. [Conclusion] Using 1.0 mg/L 1-MCP to fumigate sugarcane at the seedling stage under drought stress can slow down the total chlorophyll content and F v /F m of its leaves.The decline rate of, Yield, ETR and qP reduces the increase of qN, which is beneficial to alleviate the damage of drought to sugarcane at the seedling stage in the short term. It can be used as a reference in the research of drought physiology and biochemistry of sugarcane at seedling stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article draws on labour and migration histories of the early twentieth century to demonstrate how migrants' land use was modified in the process of moving from rural Catalonia to northern Queensland. Once in Australia, migrants were able to use sharecropping practices to negotiate Anglo-Saxon expectations of assimilation associated with cane farming. Using a detailed case study, the article demonstrates the interconnected systems of migration and agriculture in Catalonia and Queensland. These cultural practices came under increasing pressure in the mid-1920s, as cane farms expanded beyond the scope of a single family to own and farm their own land. The article contributes to scholarship regarding the racialisation of Mediterranean migrants. It also demonstrates the limits of ethno-centric histories to understand the cultural diversity and economic interests that characterised Queensland's northern cane fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision agriculture, making use of the spatial and temporal variability of cultivable land, allows farmers to refine fertilization, control field irrigation, estimate planting productivity, and detect pests and disease in crops. To that end, this paper identifies the spectral reflectance signature of brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala) and orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), which contaminate sugar cane leaves (Saccharum spp.). By means of spectrometry, the mean values and standard deviations of the spectral reflectance signature are obtained for five levels of contamination of the leaves in each type of rust, observing the greatest differences between healthy and diseased leaves in the red (R) and near infrared (NIR) bands. With the results obtained, a multispectral camera was used to obtain images of the leaves and calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results identified the presence of both plagues by differentiating healthy from contaminated leaves through the index value with an average difference of 11.9% for brown rust and 9.9% for orange rust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the history of the Queensland cane sugar industry and its cultural and political relations. It explores the way the sugar industry was transformed from an enterprise drawing on the traditional plantation crop cultivated by an unfree labour force and employing workers into an industry that was an important, symbolical element of ‘White Australia’ that was firmly grounded in the cultural, political, nationalist, and racist reasoning of the day. The demographic and social changes drew their incitement and legitimation from the ‘White Australia’ culture that was represented in all social strata. Australia was geographically remote but culturally close to the mother country and was assigned a special position as a lone outpost of Western culture. This was aggravated by scenarios of allegedly imminent invasions by the surrounding Asian powers, which further urged cane sugar’s transformation from a ‘black’ to a ‘white man’s industry’. As a result, during the sugar strikes of the early 20th century, the white Australian sugar workers were able to emphasize their ‘whiteness’ to press for improvements in wages and working conditions. Despite being a matter of constant discussion, the public acceptance of the ‘white sugar campaign’ was reflected by the high consumption of sugar. Moreover, the industry was lauded for its global uniqueness and its significance to the Australian nation. Eventually, the ‘burden’ of ‘white sugar’ was a monetary, but even more so moral support of an industry that was supposed to provide a solution to population politics, support the national defence, and symbolize the technological advancement and durability of the ‘white race’ in a time of crisis.

This paper introduces a sample of Central American literary production and a sample of spanish speaking Caribbean Islands’ poets refering to Sugar cane. A Central American production which seems less abundant than that of the Caribbean zone in spite of the fact that it begins in the 18th century with the Jesuit poet Rafael Landívar. In the 20th century, sugar cane including its labor and derived products, is represented in the texts of the “criollistas” narrators and poets. Paradoxically, while the sugar production becomes more important for agro-exportation, it “disappears” from literature which takes hold of different urban themes or those related to the political violence instead. However, in the most recent productions of Caribbean poems, an innovation appears in the treatment of this topic that, from the traditions, adapts itself to modern forms of transmission.

Peasants cultivating sugar cane in the valley of Izúcar, Puebla (México) have gone through different stages in their relations with Atecingo’s ingenio and the Mexican government, from subordination and conflict to negotiation, trying to obtain their production’s autonomy. From sugar market’s deregulation, they have to cope with new challenges. In this paper, we present an analysis of the peasants’ replies in regard to economic liberalisation, taking into consideration their possibilities of reproduction or social exclusion as productive agents.

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biochar has abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and a unique surface structure, which endow it with properties that are desirable for various environmental protection applications. However, to our knowledge, the potential applicability of biochar comprising non–‍oxygen-containing functional groups has not yet been systematically studied. This work comprehensively investigated the adsorption capacity of grafted biochars modified with various N-, O-, and S-containing functional groups. We also analyzed the mechanisms governing, pollutant removal processes, and their recycling properties of biochars. The degree of adsorption of the biochars increased with the increasing electron-withdrawing ability of the grafted functional groups (i.e., -NO 2 > -NH 2 > -CN > -SO 3 H > -OH), and the optimal temperature for preparing biochars with grafting modifications was 300 °C. The -NO 2 group was successfully grafted onto the cellulose of bagasse-based biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity of -NO 2 grafted biochar (NBC300) was 158.73 mg/g, and the desorption rate was 88.35% for 0.1 M HCl. Nitro grafting modifications of internal molecular compositions led to biochars with good stability and regeneration properties in acidic, alkaline, and oxidizing environments. Thermodynamic studies suggested that Cd(II) could be effectively removed by NBC300 at low temperatures through a spontaneous and feasible process. Spectroscopic analysis and batch adsorption experiments showed that the modified biochar removed Cd(II) via a mechanism involving strong adsorption-complexation of the π-conjugated system on the -NO 2 groups. The present study supports biochar applications for the recycling and reuse of agricultural waste and describes a novel technology for addressing the key issue of metal pollution. • The -NO 2 grafted into the cellulose of bagasse-based biochar. • The main removal mechanism of Cd is adsorption-complexation of π-conjugated -NO 2. • Internal molecular grafting is more stable than surface loading modification. • A new way to recycle agricultural waste and handle pollutions once and for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]