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A number of carbonates with promising optical properties were synthesized during the past decade, proving the potential of carbonate systems as a source of novel optical materials. Here we report a new noncentrosymmetric Na2Ca4(CO3)5 carbonate (P63mc; a = 10.37402(14) A, c = 6.25935(9) A) with “M13M23XY3Z” structural type. This structural type, built upon an M13M23 cationic array with three types of anion-filled voids (X, Y, and Z), can accommodate a variety of cations (alkali, alkaline earth, and rare earth) and anions (carbonate, borate, and halide), as we show by extensive analysis of structures of known compounds, and appears to be very promising for the search of new optical materials.

N-Functionalized amino(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentanetriols are potent inhibitors of β-d-galactosidases and, for the first time, could be shown to act as pharmacological chaperones for GM1-gangliosidosis-associated lysosomal acid β-galactosidase thus representing a new structural type of pharmacological chaperones for this lysosomal storage disease.

The crystallographic analysis of the tourmaline structure type with the general formula XY3Z6(T6O18)(BO3)3V3W (R3m, Z = 3, a ≈ 16 A, c ≈ 7.2 A) shows that tetrahedrally coordinated T (Si, Al, …) cations, octahedrally coordinated Z (Al, Fe, Mg), and Y (Fe, Mg, Mn, …) form a joint cation framework with a sublattice whose geometry is close to F cub (a к ≈ 4.40 A, αк ≈ 93°) with 40% vacant positions in it. The anion ordering is less regular.

It was found that properly protected glycinates (Schiff base, alkyl/aryl ester) cleanly react with chiral sulfinyl derived phosphoryldifluoro-aldimines at ambient conditions in THF in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cs2CO3. The procedure is operationally simple providing the target addition products with respected (60-80%) yields and excellent (99/1) diastereoselectivity. This approach allows preparation of novel structural type of biologically interesting molecules representing at the same time the structural features of α-,β-amino, vicinal-diamino, carboxylic and phosphonic acids. Chemo-selective operation of α- and β-amino functional groups is demonstrated by the preparation of all α- and mixed α-/β-amino acid derived dipeptides.

Isomerism is very important in chemistry. Over the past 65 years, the energy-rich N3R3 family has received considerable attention both experimentally and computationally. Up to now, four isomeric types of N3R3 have been identified, i.e., triazenes I, triimides II, iso-triazenes III, and cyclo-triazanes IV. In this work, via the composite CBS-QB3 study on the isomers and transition states of N3H3—the simplest N3R3 system, we unexpectedly found a new structural type V, which contains a N3 three-membered ring with one nitrogen-nitrogen dative bond in the ring (i.e., cyclic ammonia-nitrene interaction). Of all the N3H3 isomers, V lies the highest in energy (78.7 kcal/mol above the global triazene) and possesses a relatively low conversion barrier 8.9 kcal/mol. Yet quite promisingly, suitably choosing substituents can tune the rate-determining barrier of V to reach around 20 kcal/mol. Thus, synthesis of the newly found triazene isomer V is highly probable.

Decomposition of binuclear neutral iron nitrosyl complex [Fe2(S2C7H4N)2(NO)4]0 (I) of μ-N–C–S structural type in aqueous solution has been studied. Effect of glutathione GSH on the decomposition of complex I has been studied.

Firms make substantial investments in advertising and personal selling to improve their performance, but it is unclear how returns on the promotional mix vary across different corporate-level organizational structures. This article identifies and integrates two structural designs that foster customer alignment, namely, structural type (i.e., organizing corporate-level business units around customer instead of product groups) and structural granularity (i.e., dividing a firm into smaller business units), then investigates how these customer-aligned structural designs moderate the effects of the promotional mix on firm performance. An analysis of 14 years of longitudinal, multisource, secondary data reveals that the performance effect of investments in advertising and personal selling are enhanced by customer-aligned structural designs. However, the synergistic effects of joint investments in advertising and personal selling get suppressed in customer-aligned structures because functional fragmentation results from internal inefficiencies and complexities. To specify the tensions involved across the different structures, the authors conduct a post hoc analysis and thereby derive organizational structure–specific guidelines.

Dyrnaesite-(La), Na7.89(Ce0.94Ca0.06)∑1.00(La1.14Ce0.40Pr0.10Nd0.24Ca0.12)∑2.00(PO4)6is orthorhombic,Pnma,a= 18.4662(7),b= 16.0106(5),c= 7.0274(2) Å,V= 2077.7(1) Å3,Z= 4. The crystal structure is related to the group of Na3REE(XO4)2compounds (with X = P, V, As), based on the aphthitalite/glaserite structural type. Dyrnaesite is distinct in having ordered Na vacancies, and a rare-earth element (REE) site occupied preferentially by Ce4+. This also distinguishes it from closely related vitusite-(Ce) [Na3REE(PO4)2]. The relation of their unit cells is:ad=bv,bd= 3av,cd= 1/2cv. The distinct Ce4+site in dyrnaesite-(La) has smaller coordination with shorter bond lengths than the otherREEsite in the same structure or theREEsites in vitusite-(Ce). It is adjacent to the predominately vacant Na site, which in its turn has the largest coordination of all Na sites in the structure.REEsites, or Na sites in a [010] row (similar to [100] in vitusite(Ce)) assume two types of coordinations with and without mirror symmetry and two different configurations of surrounding PO4tetrahedra. This summarizes the topological difference to vitusite-(Ce) where the corresponding coordinations are similar in the same row and intermediate in character to the two types in dyrnaesite-(La).

Представлено исследование топонимов Крыма как объекта нематериального наследия, формирующего историко-лингвистическое пространство полуострова, дополняет уже имеющиеся сведения о классификации топонимов новыми данными. Целью исследования является поиск особенностей морфологических и неморфологических способов словообразования в топонимике Российской Федерации на примере Республики Крым. Предложена классификация топонимической лексики по структурному критерию, позволяющая провести детальный анализ собранного топонимического фактического материала. Проводится словообразовательный анализ крымских топонимических единиц. Рассматриваются структурные типы топонимов, приводятся статистические данные по способам образования и частоте употребления различных словообразовательных формантов. В качестве иллюстративного материала представлены существующие географические названия Крыма. В итоге структурного анализа выявленные топонимические объекты Крымского региона систематизированы по указанным критериям (выделены одноосновные, составные, сложные топонимы), предоставлен количественный состав групп географических номинаций, дано пояснение полученных результатов.

Herein we report the synthesis and characterisation of the until recently unreported chiral C-11 skeleton of tetracyclo[5.2.2.01,6.04,9]undecane ("trinorbornane'') which could be obtained in 7% overall yield in 9 steps. This new rigid structural type was found to be present in the computer generated Chemical Universe Data-base (GDB) and has until now no real-world counterpart.

A series of lanthanide glutarates [Ln(phen)(glu)Cl]n {Ln = Y (1a), Tm (1b); phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; glu = glutarate}, [Ln2(phen)2(glu)3]n {Ln = Ce (2a), Tb (2b), Ho (2c)} and [La2(glu)3(H2O)3]n·5nH2O (3) have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized structurally. Compounds 1a–b are isostructural and consist of 1-D neutral [Ln(phen)(glu)Cl]n chains, which are built up from the linkages of [Ln(phen)Cl]3+ ions and glutarate ligands. Compounds 2a–c are isostructural and contain 2-D [Ln2(phen)2(glu)3]n layers, where Ln3+ ions are connected by three kinds of glutarate ligands. The 3-D framework of compound 3 is constructed by the linkages of La3+ ions and glutarate ligands. Although some 3-D lanthanide glutarates have been reported, they exhibit a very robust structural type, whose structure is not changed by different Ln3+ ions, but compound 3 shows a new structural type. A systematic investigation of six lanthanide glutarates and some reported compounds revealed that the well-known lanthanide contraction has a significant influence on the formation of lanthanide glutarates. The photoluminescent properties of 1b and 2b, and magnetic properties of 1b, 2b and 2c have been studied.

Steel–concrete connections, as key components of hybrid bridges, present a complex structural type and mechanical behavior. On the basis of the steel–concrete connections in the Lichuan Bri...

Gold nanoclusters have attracted great attention in the past decade due to their remarkable size-dependent electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. However, the structures of large gold clusters are still not well-known because of the challenges in global structural searches. Here we report a joint photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretical study of the structural evolution of negatively charged core–shell gold nanoclusters (Aun–) for n = 42–50. Photoelectron spectra of size-selected Aun– clusters are well resolved with distinct spectral features, suggesting a dominating structural type. The combined PES data and density functional calculations allow us to systematically identify the global minimum or candidates of the global minima of these relatively large gold nanoclusters, which are found to possess low-symmetry structures with gradually increasing core sizes. Remarkably, the four-atom tetrahedral core, observed first in Au33–, continues to be highly robust and is even present in clusters ...

The pyroxferroite and pyroxmangite from xenoliths of aluminous gneisses in the alkaline basalts of Bellerberg paleovulcano (Eifel, Germany) have been studied by electron-probe and X-ray diffraction methods and IR spectroscopy. The parameters of the triclinic unit cells are found to be a = 6.662(1) A, b = 7.525(1) A, c = 15.895(2) A, α = 91.548(3)°, β = 96.258(3)°, and γ = 94.498(3)° for pyroxferroite and a = 6.661(3) A, b = 7.513(3) A, c = 15.877(7) A, α = 91.870(7)°, β = 96.369(7)°, and γ = 94.724(7)° for pyroxmangite; sp. gr. \(P\overline 1 \). The crystallochemical formulas (Z = 2) are, respectively, M(1–2)(Mn0.5Ca0.4Na0.1)2M(3–6)(Fe, Mn)4M7[Mg0.6(Fe, Mn)0.4][Si7O21] and M(1–3)(Mn, Fe)3M(4–6)[(Fe, Mn)0.7Mg0.3]3M7[Mg0.5(Fe, Mn)0.5][Si7O21]. For these and previously studied representatives of the pyroxmangite structural type, an analysis of the cation distribution over sites indicates wide isomorphism of Mn2+, Fe2+, and Mg in all cation M(1–7) sites and the preferred incorporation of Сa and Na into large seven-vertex M1O7 and M2O7 polyhedra and Mg into the smallest five-vertex M7O5 polyhedron.

The crystal structure of EuCeCuS3, a complex sulfide synthesized for the first time, has been solved using X-ray powder diffraction data. Crystals are rhombic, space group Pnma, Ba2MnS3 structural type, a = 8.1023(1) A, b = 4.0386(1) A, c = 15.9022(2) A, V = 520.36(1) A3, Z = 4, ρcalcd = 5.767 g/cm3. The Eu,CeS7 polyhedron incorporates the Eu and Ce atoms, which are randomly disordered over two crystallographic sites. The bond lengths dEu,Ce–S range from 2.885 to 3.044 A.

Статтю присвячено встановленню структурно-семантичних особливостей імажонімів, які номінують мистецькі одеські мурали. Проаналізовано основні підходи вітчизняної ономасіології до вивчення власних назв і визначено класифікацію артіонімів як одиниць ономастичної системи; запропоновано ввести до наукового обігу термін на позначення назв муралів в українській мові., Статья посвящена установлению структурно-семантических особенностей имажонимов, которые номинируют художественные одесские муралы. Проанализированы основные подходы отечественной ономасиологии к изучению имён и определена классификация артионимов как единиц ономастической системы; предложено ввести в научный оборот термин для обозначения названий муралов в украинском языке., The article is devoted to the establishment of structural and semantic peculiarities of the imageonyms that nominate Odessa’s murals. The object of our study were the proper names of the murals. The subject of research are the semantic and structural features of the names of Odessa’s murals as a unique subsystem of the Ukrainian language onomastics. The purpose of the work is to determine the place of the names of murals in the onomastic space of the Ukrainian language. As the material of the research, 100 Odessa’s proper names for the designation of murals were picked from printed and electronic Ukrainian mass media. Among the imageonyms are pictonyms – the proper names of paintings, graphiconyms – the names of graphic works, engraving names – the names of engravings, and sculpturonyms – the names of sculptures. Imageonyms are a large group of onomastic vocabulary, the riches and diversity of which to this day remain researched incompletely. We associate the proper names of murals with the category of pictonyms and suggest the introduction of the muralonym term. The need for a special study of this category of onomastic vocabulary is called the emergence of a new kind of art - mural-art. It is noted that among the analyzed muralonyms, the one-component structures representing the names of animals occupy the largest number. The most widespread genres of mural art are animalistic, social, historical, portrait, landscape and religious. In addition to aesthetizing the habitat of people, murals perform a number of social and cultural functions: aesthetic, social, educational, cognitive-heuristic, memorial, suggestive, communicative. The muralists cover social and political problems of our time, tell about prominent figures of history, science, culture of Ukraine, synthesizing contemporary and traditional art. The mural plays an important role in the contemporary socio-cultural space of Ukraine, artistically enriching it, raising topical social problems and celebrating outstanding figures in the history of our nation.

The article deals with the detailed analysis of the structural organization of gemeronyms. The work aims at establishing the peculiarities of the structural organization of a subdivision of ideonyms – gemeronyms; English gemeronyms pose as the object of the research, whereas the subject thereof is their structural organization. 700 proper names were selected as the factual research material according to the frequency of their use in print and electronic media. The ideonyms were divided into one-component, two-component and multi-component structures; into simple, complex and compound. One-component ideonyms include those, which are expressed by non-derivative and simple derivative (suffixal and prefixal) words. Complex ideonyms are divided into composites per se, affixation composites and abbreviations. Compound two-component and multi-component ideonyms can be represented by word combinations, yukstaposites and phrases. English ideonyms are an extremely versatile class of proper names, nominating denotates, which are absolutely different in their extra-linguistic characteristics. Gemeronyms, i.e. proper names of the media, are divided into two subgroups, namely pressonyms and electronyms, which, in turn, split into four and three subgroups respectively. Gemeronyms were divided into one-component, two-component and multi-component structures; into simple, complex and composed. It has been proved that the general characteristic of the gemeronyms’ structural organization is the frequent use of multi-component phrases and abbreviations, as well as two-component phrases and simple non-derivative onyms. The distribution of other types varies greatly due to the fact that the proper names of newsletters and almanacs have a limited repertoire, unlike the names of the newspapers. Only the proper names for designation of magazines have onymic phrases of various communicative types among their structural types, due both to the wide audience they enjoy, and to the increase in the advertising function of this subgroup of proper names. Two-component phrases and abbreviations occupy leading positions among electronyms, whereas affixation composites and word combinations are not used at all. The distinctive feature of this group of ideonyms is the frequent use of abbreviated names, as well as two- and multi-component phrases., Статья посвящена детальному анализу структурной организации гемеронимов. Гемеронимы были разделены на однокомпонентные, двухкомпонентные и многокомпонентные структуры; на простые, сложные и составные. Доказано, что общей характеристикой структурной организации гемеронимов является частотное употребление многокомпонентных словосочетаний и аббревиатур, а также двухкомпонентных словосочетаний и простых непроизводных онимов., Статтю присвячено детальному аналізу структурної організації гемеронімів. Гемероніми було розподілено на однокомпонентні, двокомпонентні та багатокомпонентні структури; на прості, складні та складені. Доведено, що загальною характеристикою структурної організації гемеронімів є частотне вживання багатокомпонентних словосполучень та абревіатур, а також двокомпонентних словосполучень і простих непохідних онімів.

Wind-induced fatigue is a crucial topic in the design of slender structures. Based on a closed-form solution proposed by one of the authors, this paper reports an engineering approach developed to evaluate the buffeting-induced fatigue life of structures and structural elements. Two classes of formulas, referred to as detailed and simplified calculations, are shown. The detailed calculation provides refined approximations of the reference target solution, while the simplified calculation provides easy solutions on the safe side. The novelty of this paper is that it completes the formulation with analytical assessment of input parameters, fully coherent with standards format. Furthermore, the method has been applied to a turbulence-sensitive structural type of sign support structures. Large-scale inspections show that many of these structures suffer for fatigue damages. The comparison between the inspection outcomes and the proposed method results shows a very good agreement, while the European standard assessment provides unreliable results of fatigue life of this kind of structures.

In this work, experimental studies were conducted on the effect of vibrational influences from highways on the state of the foundation structures of a five-story residential building in Astrakhan. The studies were combined with an examination of the geo-base, foundations, and foundation of a multi-story brick residential building. Studies have shown that over four years, damaged building structures underwent significant changes due to increased vibration from the highway, and the rate of deformation in the supporting structures prove their emergency state. It is confirmed that the main factors affecting the magnitude of vibration acceleration of the building foundation structure are: structural type of the building; distance from the building to the source of seismic waves; longitudinal wave propagation velocity in the soil layer.

The human brain comprises an efficient communication network, with its macroscale connectome organization argued to be directly associated with the underlying microscale organization of the cortex. Here, we further examine this link in the human brain cortex by using the ultrahigh-resolution BigBrain dataset; 11,660 BigBrain profiles of laminar cell structure were extracted from the BigBrain data and mapped to the MRI based Desikan–Killiany atlas used for macroscale connectome reconstruction. Macroscale brain connectivity was reconstructed based on the diffusion-weighted imaging dataset from the Human Connectome Project and cross-correlated to the similarity of laminar profiles. We showed that the BigBrain profile similarity between interconnected cortical regions was significantly higher than those between nonconnected regions. The pattern of BigBrain profile similarity across the entire cortex was also found to be strongly correlated with the pattern of cortico-cortical connectivity at the macroscale. Our findings suggest that cortical regions with higher similarity in the laminar cytoarchitectonic patterns have a higher chance of being connected, extending the evidence for the linkage between macroscale connectome organization and microscale cytoarchitecture., Author Summary The human brain connectome organization has been suggested to associate with cytoarchitecture similarity. Here, we utilize the state-of-the-art ultrahigh-resolution BigBrain dataset and diffusion-weighted imaging dataset to examine this association. Our results show that cortical regions with higher cytoarchitecture similarity are more likely to be connected, as well as connected by stronger white matter tracts. This work further extends our understanding of the interaction between macroscale cortico-cortical connectivity organization and microscale cortical cytoarchitecture.

Shaking table is important experimental equipment to carry out antiseismic research. Research, conclusion, comparison, and analysis concerning the developmental history, constructional situation, performance index, control algorithm, and experimental technique of the internal shaking table were reviewed and compared. Such functional parameters as internal shaking table’s table-board size, bearing capacity, working frequency, and maximum acceleration were given. Shaking table’s constructional status quo and developmental trend were concluded. The advantages and disadvantages of different control algorithms were contrastively analyzed. Typical shaking table test, array system tests, and experimental simulation materials were induced and contrasted. Internal existing shaking table and array system test’s structural type, reduced scale, and model-material selection were provided. Analysis and exposition about the developmental tendency of shaking table’s enlargement, multiple shaking tables array, full digitalization, and network control were made. The developmental direction, comparison of technical features, and relevant research status quo of shaking table with high-performance were offered. The result can be reference for domestic or overseas shaking table’s design and type selection, control technique, and research on experimental technique.

Hydraulic gates can be classified with respect to various aspects, like the gate structural type, direction of movement, construction material, type of drive mechanism, and operation profile. Structural engineers most frequently use the first of these classifications. The distinguished gate structural types include then more than 30 options, such as miter gates, vertical lift gates, radial gates, rolling gates, and sector gates. This classification should not be confused with the one of structural systems, like horizontally framed or vertically framed gates. The latter may lead to a further subdivision of each gate type. This chapter gives a detailed description of all particular types of hydraulic gates, their historical roots, their structural systems, applications in diverse projects, and advantages and disadvantages. It is the most elaborate chapter of the book, comprising the discussions of many structures and projects, including their drawings, photos, calculation models, and other characteristic data. The reader will find a detailed, practically orientated presentation of diverse gate type performances in various projects. Some examples are from the authors’ engineering practice, but there has also been an effort to present a representative selection of gate engineering practices from all over the world.

Compounds with a tetragonal structure of the ThMn12 type have a high potential for creating on their basis permanent magnets with high energy density and operating temperatures up to 150 – 200 °C. In this work, samples of alloys (Sm1-x Zr x )Fe11Ti (x = 0 – 0.2) obtained by the rapidly quenching method with subsequent annealing were investigated. Depending on the chemical composition and modes of synthesis in alloys (Sm1-x Zr x )Fe11Ti (x = 0 – 0.2) phases of the ThMn12, α-Fe type and a small amount of ZrFe2 are formed, as well as phases with the Th2Zn17 structural type and TbCu7 at high annealing temperatures. The best magnetic properties at room temperature are realized in the alloy (Sm0.9Zr0.1)Fe11Ti after annealing at a temperature of 800 °C.

In the shipbuilding industry, the global market demand for ships has changed greatly. The number of large and super large container ships has continued to rise more rapidly, and the volume of special ship and marine engineering equipment has been greatly increased. The marine elevator is hoisting equipment fixed on the ship for passengers, crew, other personnel and the transport of goods. It serves the prescribed deck and includes a closed car running between the two columns of rigid guide rail. The size and structural type of the car are specially designed to facilitate the access of personnel and goods. The car frame of a marine elevator has different structures according to the different confining wells in the ship, and should meet the requirements of the strength and stiffness under the influence of the rolling, pitching and heaving actions. The key parts of the car frame are verified by calculation and software simulation, and the feasibility of the design scheme is verified.

Background With significant improvements in the survival rates for most childhood cancers, there is increased pressure to determine how follow-up or aftercare for survivors is best structured. Main body Previous work in this area has not been consistent in how it categorizes models of aftercare, which risks confusion between studies and evaluations of different models. The adoption of a standardized method for classifying and describing different models of aftercare is necessary in order to maximize the applicability of the available evidence. We identify some of the different ways models of aftercare have been classified in previous research. We then propose a revised taxonomy which allows for a more consistent classification and description of these models. The proposed model bases the classification of models of aftercare on who is the lead provider, and then collects data on five other key features: which other providers are involved in providing aftercare, where care is provided, how are survivors engaged, which services are provided, and who receives aftercare. Conclusion There is a good deal of interest in the effectiveness of different models of aftercare. Future research in this area would be assisted by the adoption of a shared taxonomy that will allow programs to be identified by their structural type.

Even though the intense seismic activity in Mexico and the great human and material losses produced in the country during the September 19th, 1985 and 2017 earthquakes, the use of passive control devices to mitigate the seismic risk is still very limited. At present, a very small number of structures has used energy dissipation devices and isolated systems. One of the reasons for the limited use of passive control devices in Mexico, is the small number of studies related with the applicability of these systems, in reducing the expected seismic response of structures in different locations in the country. In this study, the feasibility to make use of braced frames, energy dissipation systems with elastoplastic behavior and base isolation systems in regions with different shaking intensities is analyzed. Two-, five- and 10-story reinforced concrete buildings located in seismic zones close and far from the most important earthquake source in Mexico are analyzed. Eight zones into the Mexican territory, from the subduction seismic source along the Middle America Trench (MAT) to sites located 350 km away, were selected. Nonlinear dynamic analyses of moment-resisting structures, braced frames, buildings with energy dissipation devices and isolated structures were conducted to assess the buildings’ seismic responses. The results allow to determine the influence of buildings height and site location on the expected seismic demands for each building structural type. Particularly emphasis is devoted to evaluate the expected seismic response of buildings with passive control devices as function the building distance to the Middle America Trench.

Specimens of K2Pb(MoO4)2–x (CrO4) x and K2–x Pb1 + x (MoO4)(CrO4)1–x (VO4) x (x = 0–1) solid solutions, which crystallize in palmierite structural type with space group R3m, were prepared by a citrate method. Position 3a that has octahedral configuration of oxygen atoms in K2Pb(MoO4)2–x (CrO4) x is occupied mainly by lead atoms, the share of potassium in this position is not larger 0.056–0.060(2). The introduction of vanadium cations in K2Pb(MoO4)2–x (CrO4) x crystal lattice leads to the complete displacement of potassium cations from MO6 coordination polyhedron and decrease of Pb–O6 distances from 2.679(5) to 2.665(4) A. Interactomic distances in (Pb/K)O6, (K/P)O10, and (Mo/Cr/V)O4 coordination polyhedra were calculated.

Complex (H3O)3(diquat)6{[BiBr5]}6[BiBr6] • 2H2O (I) has been prepared by the reaction between [BiBr6]3– and diaqua(1,1'-diethylene-2,2'-bipyridynium dibromide) in 2 M HBr and has been characterized by X-ray diffraction. The anionic part of compound I is formed by coordination polymeric anions {[BiBr5]–} n built of {BiBr6} octahedral blocks, which are joined by the μ2-bridge bromide ligands into infinite zigzag chains. The resulting complex belongs to new structural type among bismuth halide complexes.

Reduction of neutral binuclear tetranitrosyl iron complexes of “μ-N-C-S” structural type of [Fe2(SR)2(NO)4] composition with R being functional azaheterocyclic thiolyls has been studied by cyclic voltammetry in aprotic solvents in a wide range of potential scan rates. Redox potentials of these reactions have been determined. The consecutive transfer of two electrons was shown to be typical for all the complexes. For some complexes the products of the first electron addition are unstable, while for the others the products of reduction by both the first and the second electrons are stable. The calculations of geometric and electronic structures of monoanions, dianions and intermediates forming upon the reduction of the complexes were performed by DFT methods. Using quantum-chemical modeling, electrochemical reduction of the complexes has been studied; their energy and theoretical redox potentials have been calculated.

To better predict the responses of tall buildings in regional seismic simulation, a nonlinear multiple degree-of-freedom (MDOF) flexural-shear (NMFS) model and its associated parameter calibration method are proposed. The model has such advantages as (1) representation of the nonlinear flexural-shear deformation mode of tall buildings, (2) a high computational efficiency, (3) convenient parameter calibration, and (4) the ability to output the inter-story drift of each story. The characteristics of the nonlinear lateral flexural-shear deformation mode of tall buildings are appropriately considered in the NMFS model. The accuracy of the inter-story drift prediction is far superior to the traditional nonlinear MDOF shear (NMS) model. The computing efficiency is also remarkably improved and the speed-up ratio is greater than 30,000 by comparing to the corresponding refined finite element (FE) model. The parameters of the building models can be conveniently and efficiently calibrated using the widely accessible building attribute data from GIS. More specifically, only the descriptive information (i.e., structural height, year of construction, site condition and structural type) of each building is required to perform such calibration. Two representative tall buildings and a residential area with tall buildings are selected to demonstrate the implementation and advantages of the proposed NMFS model. Outcomes of this work are expected to provide a useful reference for future work on regional seismic loss estimations of tall buildings.

We present a completely new structural type of W-shape dimers based on naphthalene-2,7-diol and 7-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. First, bent-core monomers with a terminal hydroxyl group were designed and their mesomorphic properties established. Various modifications of the W-shape dimers were synthesised when two fully developed bent-core monomers were joined together with an isophthalic acid moiety, which introduced the additional inner molecular bend. The W-shape dimers demonstrated that their mesomorphic properties are more complex and versatile in comparison with the corresponding bent-core systems. Contrary to the corresponding monomers, most dimers are enantiotropic and reveal rich polymorphism. Even dimers created from non-mesogenic monomers exhibit mesophases, so the stabilising effect of the dimerisation process can be emphasised.

The ratio of two forms of tysonite in nominally pure single crystals of RF3 (R = La–Nd) obtained from melts under identical conditions (the as-grown state) is studied for the first time by X-ray diffraction. Crystals of RF3 with R = La–Nd belong to the β-LaF3 structural type (space group \(P\bar 3c1\), Z = 6) and form twins. Samples 0.2–0.4 in diameter contain inclusions of the high-temperature a form (space group P63/mmc, Z = 2). It is shown that twinning and dimorphism of the RF3 crystals (R = La–Nd) have a common structural basis.

The polyoxo-22-palladate [Na2PdII22O12(AsVO4)15(AsVO3OH)]25− (1), which represents a novel polyoxo-noble-metalate structural type, was synthesized by reaction of Pd2+ and AsO43− ions in aqueous solution. Polyanion 1 comprises two {NaPd11} units linked by two arsenate bridges, and hence represents the first example of a defect, monolacunary {Pd11} polyoxopalladate nanocube with arsenate capping groups. The title polyanion was characterized in the solid state as well as by theoretical calculations.

The alloy consisting of 90% of phase Y2MgNi9 (structural type PuNi3) and 10% of phase YNi5 was prepared. The interaction of alloy with hydrogen and ammonia at different temperatures was investigated. In system Y2MgNi9–H2 at temperatures from –30 to +10 °C the isotherms of hydrogen sorption and desorption were constructed, the formation of two hydride phases was established and the changes in enthalpy and entropy of phase transitions were calculated. The phase transformations at treatment of the alloy Y2MgNi9 with ammonia at temperatures of 200–400 °C were discovered.

Rutting deformation is one of the most prominent diseases in asphalt pavement’s early damage. In this paper, the factors that affect the anti-rutting performance of asphalt pavement were studied. Firstly, the optimum asphalt dosage in the mixtures, and the change law of asphalt pavement’s anti-rutting performance were analyzed by model testing that considered changes in the mixture aggregates’ fractal dimension, asphalt dosage, temperature, wheel load, and air-void. Secondly, the grey entropy correlation coefficient between the influencing factors and mixtures’ dynamic stability was analyzed according to the Grey entropy theory. The results showed that the asphalt mixtures’ anti-rutting performance decreased as temperature and wheel load increased. Further, their anti-rutting performance increased firstly and then decreased with increased asphalt dosage, air-void, and fine aggregate. The optimum asphalt content for the rut test (OAC′) differed from that of the Marshall test (OAC), and OAC′ intermediated between type OAC-0.1% and OAC-0.3%. The fractal dimension showed the opposite trend to the aggregate thickness in the mixture, in which the aggregate was finer, while the fractal dimension was larger. Among all of these factors, the mixtures’ structural type affected its rutting resistance greatly, the influence of temperature and asphalt dosage in the mixture was similar and greater, the influence of the asphalt mixture’s air-void was second, and the wheel load had little effect. It is recommended that asphalt mixtures’ air-void ranges from 3.5 to 5.0%.

As a result of the increasing demand for aircraft performance, the high-aspect-ratio wing (HARW) becomes the primary structural type of the emerging aircraft as it improves the lift-to-drag ratio. However, HARWs result in higher deflections, leading to a geometrical nonlinear behavior and nonlinear aeroelastic problems. In this work, the preliminary study on aeroelastic behavior of two classic types of HARWs, namely, Goland wing and High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) wing, are investigated. Aeroelastically scaled models using two scaling methods, called classic scaling method and modified scaling method, are applied and compared with each other. Froude number is considered in the modified scaling method. Both static aeroelastic and flutter analyses are conducted on each scaled model by using different scaling methods. The results show that the Froude number is important to the HALE wing, where both static deflects and flutter velocity obtained by the scaled model agree well with the full model when the Froude number similarity is met. Thus, the Froude number may be the key similar parameter for the HALE wing scaling model design. For the Goland wing scaling model, the Froude number could be ignored.

The status of the “Coal-to-Electricity” project implemented on a large scale in North China was introduced, including the background, history, scale, etc. The main kinds of clean energy heater equipment used in the “Coal-to-Electricity” project were introduced, especially the structural type and working principle of air source water-loop heat pump were introduced and analyzed in detail. Data analysis of actual operation performance was also given. Finally, the methods used for project implementation and the problems encountered were summarized.

The fact that linear analysis is still the most used procedure in the design engineering offices, studies which addresses issues associated to the estimation of the structural behavior factor values are relevant. In this study, the behavior factor of a particular type of mixed masonry-reinforced concrete buildings in Lisbon is estimated. The typology chosen in this study represents 30% of building stock in Lisbon; these buildings were built between 1930 and 1960 and thus were designed without considering the seismic-design requirements proposed in current codes. The evaluation of the behavior factors was based on the use of nonlinear static analyses, performed in the form of the sensitivity analysis and following the criteria proposed in the current seismic codes and literature. In the scope of the sensitivity analysis, aleatory and epistemic uncertainties have been considered in terms of the mechanical parameters and structural details, respectively with the aim to take into account different characteristics of the structures. In order to derive the most reliable values of the behavior factor for this typology, extensive research in terms of the historical information, structural characterization and definition of the mechanical parameters has been performed. The study indicates that the final values of behavior factor are low and depend most on the type of connections between structural walls. Although the obtained values of the behavior factor for this typology match well with the ones proposed in most recent seismic codes, it is recommended that the assessment of such factor of a specific class for a particular structural type building should always be careful evaluated.

The B3PW91/6-31G** theoretical method was carried out to optimize the structure of 12 polynitro imidazo [4,5-e] oxadiazolo [3,4-b] pyrazine compounds (two structural type). The influence of nitro groups on the structure, oxygen balance, density, heat of formation, detonation performances, and charge were investigated. The results showed that the oxygen balance, density, heat of formation, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and detonation heat increased with different relationships when the number of nitro groups increased. The contribution of the dinitroethylene group to energy was greater than that of the nitroimino group. On the whole, the sensitivity of all compounds increased with the number of -NO2 groups, and the second type of compound is more sensitive because of more nitro groups. The alkaline of the amine will decrease with the increasing number of -NO2 groups, and nitrification action will become more difficult.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of computeronyms that are proper names of different computer programs. The purpose of this research work is to define the structural type of computeronyms. English computeronyms are the object of this research work. Their structural peculiarities are the subject. One hundred English computeronyms that denote computer games have been chosen from Metacritic rating. This rating includes reviews on movies, games, musicalbums information on which was published in mass media. The average rating from 100 scores reflects their popularity. The rating is renewed every 90 days. The materials from April 2018 have been analysed. Conclusion: in the result of this research we found out that the leading role is given to two- and and multicomponent word combinations, to such names that explain the meaning of a game and fully characterize it. Our future research will be dedicated to the investigation of English computeronyms’ semantics, to the structural-semantical potential of every class of English ideonyms in order to establish their general and distinctive features., Статья посвящена исследованию компьютеронимов — имён для обозначения различных типов компьютерных программ. Целью статьи является установление структурных типов компьютеронимов. Объектом исследования стали англоязычные компьютеронимы, предметом — их структурные особенности. Материалом исследования стали 100 англоязычных компьютеронимов для обозначения компьютерных игр, выбранные способом сплошной выборки из рейтинга Metacritic, в котором собраны опубликованные в СМИ отзывы о фильмах, играх, музыкальных альбомах и под. На основании этого рейтинга рассчитывается средняя оценка (по стобалльной шкале) каждого из тех объектов, которые вошли в перечень наиболее популярных. Рейтинг обновляется каждые 90 дней, дата сбора материала — апрель 2018 года. Выводы: в результате проведённого исследования мы установили, что ведущие позиции среди компьютеронимов занимают многокомпонентные и однокомпонентные единицы, то есть такие номинации, которые эксплицируют сущность игры, полностью её характеризуют ещё на первом этапе восприятия собственного имени. Дальнейшие исследования планируется направить на изучение семантики компьютеронимов английского языка и структурно-семантического потенциала англоязычных идеонимов всех подклассов с целью установления их общих и дистинктивных черт., Статтю присвячено дослідженню комп’ютеронімів — власних назв на позначення різних типів комп’ютерних програм. Метою статті є встановлення структурних типів комп’ютеронімів. Об’єктом дослідження послугували англомовні комп’ютероніми, предметом — їхні структурні особливості. Матеріалом дослідження було обрано 100 англомовних комп’ютеронімів на позначення комп’ютерних ігор методом суцільної вибірки з рейтингу Metacritic, в якому зібрано опубліковані у ЗМІ відгуки про фільми, ігри, музичні альбоми та под., на підставі яких вираховується середня оцінка за стобальною шкалою кожного з тих, що увійшли до переліку найпопулярніших. Рейтинг оновлюється кожні 90 днів, дата збору матеріалу — квітень 2018 року. Висновки: проведене дослідження дало змогу встановити, що провідні позиції серед комп’ютеронімів посідають багатокомпонентні та однокомпонентні словосполучення, тобто такі номінації, що експлікують сутність гри, найповніше її характеризують ще на першому етапі сприйняття власної назви. Подальші розвідки заплановано спрямувати на дослідження семантики комп’ютеронімів англійської мови та структурно-семантичного потенціалу англомовних ідеонімів усіх підкласів з метою визначення їхніх загальних та дистинктивних рис.

Based on the engineering backgrounds of the damaged bridge, a bridge-onbridge method is proposed to reinforce the damaged bridge in this paper. To carry the temporary overload vehicle, the structural type and support of the Prefabricated Highway Steel Bridge is designed. Then, the three-dimension numerical model is built and the numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the feasibility of the design.

Comparison of avian and crocodylian lung structure suggests a basic archosaurian structural type, consisting of four rows of chambers that radiate independently from an intrapulmonary bronchus. The later structure is cartilage-reinforced cranially. Caudally, the cartilage reinforcement diminishes and the radiating pattern of tubular chambers becomes irregular. The presence of extensive pneumatic spaces in the dorsal vertebrae combined with the extremely large size of Brachiosaurus suggests that the dorsal margin of the lungs was strongly attached to the body wall, thus restricting lung inflation in this region. By analogy with similarly structured testudine lungs, it is highly probable that the ventral part of the very large and cavernous lungs consisted of sac-like chambers, which acted as air reservoirs and also ventilated the gas exchange tissue, which was concentrated dorsally. Die Strukturen der Vogel- und der Krokodillunge deuten auf einen basalen Bauplan der Archosaurierlunge hin, der aus vier Reihen von Kammern besteht, die von einem intrapulmonalen Bronchus entspringen. Dieser ist cranial knorpelig verstärkt. Caudal vermindert sich die knorpelige Verstärkung und das Verteilungsmuster der Kammern wird ungleichmäßig. Die Anwesenheit von pneumatischen Räumen in den Wirbelkörpern und die extreme Größe von Brachiosaurus deuten daraufhin, daß der dorsale Bereich der Lunge mit der Körperwand verbunden war. Dies schränkte die Belüftung der Lunge in dieser Region ein. In Analogie zu den ähnlich strukturierten Schildkrötenlungen ist es höchst wahrscheinlich, daß der ventrale Teil der sehr großen Lungen aus sackartigen Kammern bestand, die als Luftreservoir dienten und das dorsal liegende Gasaustauschgewebe ventilierten. doi:10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020104

The given paper deals with the study of the properties of clay minerals, namely montmorillonite and moreover, it is focused on effect of these clay minerals on the curing characteristics of the polymer blends and the physical-mechanical properties of prepared vulcanizates. Montmorillonite is a major clay mineral which has a wide application in many industrial branches. It belongs to the group of dioctahedral smectite minerals with structural type in the ratio of 2:1. Characteristics of prepared modified and organomodified clay minerals is based on sulphur vulcanisation accelerators which are used for the preparation of real polymer blend where they represent a partial replacement of the common carbon black filler and then, the effect on the curing characteristics of polymer blends as well as physical-mechanical properties of the prepared vulcanizates are investigated. The results exhibit that the clay-based filler (modified and organomodified clay minerals) can be used as a partial replacement while the quality of the prepared blends is preserved. This work is supported by: KEGA 007TnUAD-4/2017, VEGA grant No. 1/0649/17, VEGA grant No. 1/0589/17, project “Center for quality testing and diagnostics of materials”, ITMS code 26210120046 relating to the Operational Program Research and Development, EF of Reg. Development.

International audience; K3Fe3(PO4)4·H2O powder was synthesized by Na+/K+ exchange reaction from Na3Fe3(PO4)4 in aqueous medium. The replacement of the sodium cations by the potassium larger ones and water molecules causes a structural distortion leading to P2/n monoclinic K3Fe3(PO4)4·H2O. This new layered phase was characterized by XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The study of its thermal stability reveals that other new layered K3Fe3(PO4)4·yH2O with (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) phases can be stabilized up to 600 °C and finally at higher temperature a new K3Fe3(PO4)4 polymorph with a different structural type is irreversibility formed.

(α-DT-TTF)2[Au(i-mnt)2] and (α-DT-TTF)2[Co(mnt)2] are two new salts of the donor α-dithiophene-tetrathiafulvalene with stable diamagnetic anions, both presenting a ladder structure of the donors organized in paired segregated stacks. The first one is isostructural with previously reported closely related compounds and presents a magnetic spin-ladder behavior with J∥= 83.5 K and J⊥ = 110.3 K as estimated from spin susceptibility data in single crystals. (α-DT-TTF)2[Co(mnt)2] presents a new structural type with a different arrangement of pairs of donor stacks, alternating with stacks of dimerized [Co(mnt)2] anions which are however arranged in an uncorrelated fashion perpendicular to the stacking axis. Due to the strong coupling between the disordered anion chains and the donor chains, this compound does not present a magnetic spin-ladder behavior. The low temperature superstructure of (DT-TTF)2[Cu(mnt)2] below the transition at 235 K, previously known to be associated with a lattice doubling along the stacking axis, was solved by synchrotron radiation diffraction in small single crystals. It is found that this dimerization is due to donor charge localization with the spin carriers being associated with fully oxidized donor species alternating with neutral donors.

A population model is introduced to describe the mineral species frequency distribution. Mineral species coupled with their localities conform to a large number of rare events (LNRE) distribution: 100 common mineral species occur at more than 1,000 localities, whereas $$34 \,\%$$ of the approved 4,831 mineral species are found at only one or two localities. LNRE models formulated in terms of a structural type distribution allow the estimation of Earth’s undiscovered mineralogical diversity and the prediction of the percentage of observed mineral species that would differ if Earth’s history were replayed.