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During the transition to the Modern Age, the “Reconquista” influenced the territorial consolidation. In this framework, two cities were considered the main “capitals” of the Iberian Peninsula and one of the principal axes for the transfer of materials, people and ideas: Seville and Lisbon. Over the years, many methods and tools of spatial analysis have been developed for modelling real-world phenomena. Space Syntax models the morphology of urban spaces by using a graph representation. Although its application is extended in urban analysis, there is still a need for exploration of these tools for analysing historical urban spaces. The main methodological phases in the present research were: 1) historical source acquisition and digitization; geo-processing of data sources; 2) network model preparation and analysis; 3) statistical study and analysis; 4) maps visualizations. In this paper, we present the results of the parameters of connectivity, global integration, local integration [R3] and intelligibility.

The creation of a road network can lead to the fragmentation and reduction of the connectivity of the ecological habitat. The study of urban ecological networks under threat from rapidly developing road networks is of great significance in understanding the changes in urban ecological processes and in constructing a reasonable ecological network. Spatial syntax is a linear space analysis method based on graph theory. Taking Wuhan city as an example and adopting spatial syntax to quantify road network threat factors, two resistance surfaces are established based on land use type assignment and overlapping road network threat factor assignment. The ecological environment under two scenarios is constructed by combining the MSPA (Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis) method and MCR (Minimal Cumulative Resistance) model to comprehensively evaluate the network. Results demonstrate that spatial syntax can effectively describe the spatial characteristics of the road network. The average resistance value of the study area increases by 15.94%, the length of corridor increases by 37.9 km, the energy consumption of biological and material exchanges increases, and the resistance increases. To a certain extent, the model reflects the impact of road network threats on ecological processes. The results are useful in identifying the impact of human activities on ecological processes and provide a reference point for the construction of urban ecological security patterns.

O texto discute os processos de desconcentração das atividades produtivas da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA), buscando investigar variáveis implicadas na emergência de novas centralidades e suas interações com os deslocamentos moradia-trabalho. Adota-se uma análise multivariável relacionando processos de conurbação e dados censitários de comutação às propriedades morfológicas da configuração espacial, descritas pela metodologia da Sintaxe Espacial. Através da Sintaxe Espacial, principal metodologia utilizada, identificam-se tendências de potenciais de movimentos e probabilidade de fluxos na rede metropolitana. Verificou-se na pesquisa: (i) intensidade e sentido de movimentos pendulares; (ii) hierarquias de acessibilidade relativa/ integração do sistema espacial; (iii) hierarquias de centralidade na rede de circulação/rotas com maior probabilidade de fluxo. Presume-se que há relação entre a desconcentração de atividades econômicas, as mudanças nos padrões de acessibilidade relativa regional, a emergência de centralidades funcionais e o sentido de fluxos pendulares metropolitanos. The article discusses the process of deconcentration of productive activities in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (Brazil) in order to investigate variables implicated in the emergence of new centralities and their interactions with commutation (home-work displacements). By adopting a multivariate analysis, conurbation processes and commutation census data were related to the morphological properties of the spatial configuration, described by the Spatial Syntax methodology. Through Spatial Syntax, which is the main methodology used, trends of movement potentials and probability of flows in the metropolitan network are identified. The following was verified: (i) intensity and direction of commutation flows; (ii) hierarchies of relative accessibility/integration of the system; (iii) centrality hierarchies in the network/routes with higher probability of flow. It is assumed that there is a relation between the deconcentration of economic activities, changes in regional accessibility patterns, the emergence of functional centralities, density and direction of metropolitan commuting flows.

This thesis deals with the 2017 archaeological survey of the site of Cerro Arena, in the Moche Valley, Peru. The site belongs to the Salinar phase (c.a 400–0 BCE), known to be a time of increased warfare and cultural fragmentation. During this time, Cerro Arena became the largest settlement in the valley, housing a large number of people in structures densely packed into the elevated terrain of the site. Yet, information on the spatial arrangement of civic and residential architecture was lacking. Using remote sensing techniques—primarily Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) —and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we sought to create high-resolution models of the site from which to map all architectural remains. We use several analyses to document life on this ancient Andean settlement.

A prevenção da criminalidade pode propiciar bairros e cidades mais seguros absorvendo conceitos de vitalidade urbana e pelas relações com a urbanidade. A motivação desta investigação surgiu para refletir e definir os conceitos sobre como a configuração espacial pode afetar os níveis de seguranças naqueles lugares que acolhem a vida comunitária de seus habitantes. Como recorte de estudo, apresenta-se a área urbana do município de Laguna que apresenta aproximadamente 44.000 habitantes (IBGE, 2016), no Sul de Santa Catarina, buscando verificar as relações de sintaxe espacial com a segurança dos espaços. Neste trabalho será apresentada uma breve revisão bibliográfica, a metodologia e o estudo de caso realizado com base na Teoria da Sintaxe Espacial e dados coletados na Polícia Militar de Santa Catarina. Crime prevention can provide safer neighborhoods and cities by absorbing concepts of urban vitality and relationships with urbanity. The motivation of this investigation has arisen to reflect and to define the concepts on how the spatial configuration can affect the levels of security in those places that welcome the community life of its inhabitants. As a study clipping, the urban area of the city of Laguna, which presents approximately 44,000 inhabitants (IBGE, 2016), is presented in the South of Santa Catarina, seeking to verify spatial syntax relationships with space security. This paper will present a brief bibliographic review, methodology and case study based on the Spatial Syntax Theory and data collected at the Military Police of Santa Catarina.

O trabalho aborda o estudo sintático da segregação socioespacial em São Carlos, cidade brasileira de porte médio situada no centro oeste do estado de São Paulo, que apresentou nas últimas décadas um crescimento populacional associado à expansão da dinâmica industrial como parte importante da redistribuição locacional da atividade industrial no país. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar a lógica de produção do espaço urbano existente em São Carlos e, quais são as características demográficas presentes na atual dinâmica de expansão industrial. A metodologia utilizada para a realização da presente pesquisa está balizada em leitura teórica, levantamento de dados e sistematização das informações para análise territorial a partir dos resultados obtidos pela Sintaxe Espacial. A partir dos resultados encontrados pode-se perceber a existência da segregação socioespacial na cidade, analisadas a partir do ponto de vista configuracional, e que esta segregação tende a ocorrer em decorrência, também, pela influência da atividade econômica industrial. The study deals with the syntactic study of socio-spatial segregation in São Carlos, a medium-sized Brazilian city located in the midwest of the state of São Paulo, which in recent decades has shown a population growth associated with the expansion of industrial dynamics as an important part of the locational redistribution of the activity Industry in the country. This article aims to identify the logic of the production of the existing urban space in São Carlos and, what are the characteristics present, in the current dynamics of industrial expansion. The methodology used to carry out the present research is based on: Theoretical reading; Data collection and systematization of information and Territorial analysis from the results obtained by Spatial Syntax. From the results found, one can perceive the existence of socio-spatial segregation in the city, analyzed from a configurational point of view, and that this segregation tends to occur due to the influence of industrial economic activity.

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2020-05-07T23:06:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) MANOELA NEVES SIEWERDT_DISSERTACAO.pdf: 6876059 bytes, checksum: 792b6713e7fdb42db1f6da693092bb4c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2020-05-09T02:19:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 MANOELA NEVES SIEWERDT_DISSERTACAO.pdf: 6876059 bytes, checksum: 792b6713e7fdb42db1f6da693092bb4c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-09T02:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 MANOELA NEVES SIEWERDT_DISSERTACAO.pdf: 6876059 bytes, checksum: 792b6713e7fdb42db1f6da693092bb4c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 Este trabalho na área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas tem como tema o uso do Visual Merchandising como ferramenta de composição de vitrines, com o intuito de qualificá-las para que se tornem atrativas ao olhar do usuário do espaço público comercial. O problema centra-se na lacuna bibliográfica que indique a relação entre as ruas comerciais e as vitrines que as compõem, considerando o Visual Merchandising como um aliado na atração do usuário ao local. O objetivo geral desta investigação visa compreender através da percepção do usuário como se dá a relação entre os espaços públicos comerciais e as vitrines que os compõem. Para isso, as variáveis relacionadas ao problema de pesquisa encontram-se nas características físicas dos espaços públicos comerciais e nas características físicas das vitrines estudadas no perímetro delimitado. O estudo de caso selecionado é o município de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil. Esse se caracteriza por possuir o centro de comércio coincidindo com o centro histórico da cidade, reforçando a importância deste local no crescimento econômico de Pelotas e como fonte de referência para os residentes das cidades vizinhas que usufruem das possibilidades oferecidas no comércio local. Logo, em função da natureza deste estudo, as seguintes técnicas e métodos de coleta de dados foram adotados: levantamentos das características físicas do centro comercial da cidade e das vitrines inseridas no perímetro delimitado, questionários e mapas comportamentais. Os resultados demonstram que as hipóteses levantadas acerca da importância das características físicas do espaço comercial e das técnicas de Visual Merchandising se confirmam, sendo possível identificar que, apesar de serem fundamentais para o uso com qualidade dos espaços públicos comerciais, também dependem e variam de acordo com fatores alheios, determinados pela integração dos locais com a malha urbana da cidade, de acordo com a teoria da sintaxe espacial. Research in Applied Social Sciences uses themes of Visual Merchandising as tools for dressing store windows in such a way that they become attractive for users of public commercial spaces. There is a lack of references in the literature providing a link between streets and their store windows, using Visual Merchandising as an ally to attract users to these spaces. In this investigation it was attempted to understand, from a user’s perception standpoint, the relationship between public commercial spaces and the store windows that compose those spaces. Several variables related to the questions investigated in this research were found in the physical characteristics of the commercial spaces and of the store windows, within the perimeter studied. This case study was conducted in Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The commercial area is located in the historical center of the city, reinforcing the importance of this site on the economic growth of Pelotas and as a reference for residents of neighboring cities that take advantage of the resources offered by the commerce of Pelotas. The following techniques and methods for data collection were adopted: a survey of physical characteristics of the city’s commercial area and of the shop windows within the perimeter, customer surveys, and behavioral maps. Results validated the stated hypotheses about the physical characteristics of the commercial space and of the techniques of Visual Merchadising. It is possible to identify that these techniques are efficient for use in commercial public spaces but they also depend, and vary, with external factors, determined by the integration of each place within the greater city grid, in agreement with the spatial syntax theory.

Resumo: Este estudo compara duas regiões da Quadra 806 Sul em Palmas, Brasil. Aborda-se o panorama geral da organização espacial e ocupação territorial da quadra e verificam-se aspectos gerais de urbanidade. O desempenho urbanístico é estimado dentro do conceito da sintaxe espacial. Os resultados evidenciam como a arquitetura afeta a conduta dos moradores e revelam que as condições climáticas também podem ter papel fundamental no desempenho urbanístico de uma região. Abstract: This study compares two regions of the Block 806 South, Palmas, Brazil. It approaches spatial organization and territorial occupation of the block and verifies general urbanity aspects. The urban performance has been estimated based on the concepts of spatial syntax. Results show evidences on how Architecture affects the behaviour of the resident and reveal that climate might have a fundamental role in the urban performance of an area. Résumé: Cette étude compare deux régions du Bloc du Sud 806, Palmas, Brésil. Il aborde une disposition spatiale et l'occupation territoriale du bloc en vérifiant les aspects générale de l'urbanité. La performance urbaine a été évaluée dans des concepts de la syntaxe spatiale. Les résultats montrent la façon dont l'architecture affecte le comportement des résidents, et révèlent que le climat (les conditions climatiques) peuvent avoir un rôle fondamental sur la performance d'une zone urbaine. Resumen: Este estudio compara dos áreas del Bloque 806 Sur, Palmas, Brasil. Aborda el panorama general de la organización espacial y la ocupación territorial del bloque y lo revisa cuestiones generales de la urbanidad. Lo desempeño urbano se estima dentro del concepto de la sintaxis espacial. Los resultados muestran cómo la arquitectura afecta el comportamiento de los residentes y demostran que las condiciones climáticas también pueden tener un papel fundamental en lo desempeño de una zona urbana.

This research aims to find the impact of the network shape and structure on the urban mobilities, in order to fight against the automobile dependency and to include the externalities in the network design. Three examples illustrate this objective. The first one shows the influence of the network shape on the pedestrian urban flows. The second one emphasizes how sensitive to the network structure is the efficiency of a very flexible Demand Responsive Transport. The third example demonstrates that the network metric is favourable to the automobile and how it can be possible to apply an alternative metric, called the “slow metric” to reduce the urban sprawling and the automobile dependency., Nos travaux cherchent à identifier les externalités de forme et de fonctionnement des réseaux viaires sur les mobilités urbaines, dans la perspective générale d'une intégration de la lutte contre la dépendance automobile au sein même de la conception des réseaux. Nous illustrons à partir de trois exemples complémentaires la richesse de cette problématique. Le premier montre l'influence de la forme des réseaux viaires sur les flux pédestres en ville. Le second a pour objet de montrer que la compétitivité d'une offre de transport publique flexible est conditionnée par la structure des réseaux. Enfin, le troisième exemple traite de la métrique du système automobile, encourageant l'étalement urbain et la dépendance automobile. Le concept de métrique lente est ainsi introduit.

Twenty years after the starting of the so-called Archaeology of Architecture, different proposals have focused on its coming development, worried about the limits of its field study and supposed scanty application. This work, on the contrary, intends to show that the instrumental background of the Archaeology of Architecture together with its archaeological way of analysing the building culture, as its experience shows, enable saying that a wide field of epistemological proposals is still to be open. Tras veinte años de eufórica puesta en marcha de la llamada Arqueología de la Arquitectura, distintas reflexiones llaman la atención sobre su trayectoria futura, preocupadas por las limitaciones de su campo de estudio y por la supuesta pobreza de su aplicación. Al contrario, el bagaje instrumental de la AA y su manera «arqueológica» de ver la cultura construida, como demuestra su rica experiencia, permiten aventurar su apertura a un amplio campo de propuestas epistemológicas.

O movimento de pedestres está associado ao espaço em que ele acontece, de maneira local, onde cada calçada oferece vantagens físicas e de maneira global ao determinar rotas através dos caminhos da cidade. Entender como os pedestres escolhem as calçadas por onde se locomovem é essencial para determinar as características do ambiente necessárias aos espaços. Uma maneira de entender essas relações é através da criação de modelos urbanos, um modo de associar diretamente os atributos aos fenômenos. Buscou-se analisar metodologias utilizadas em modelos de pedestres, bem como novas tecnologias incorporadas a eles, para avaliar a movimentação peatonal urbana em áreas centrais de tecido tradicional. Dentre as metodologias observadas, aquelas que mais se adequaram para entender os fatores contidos no espaço urbano foram a sintaxe espacial e as medidas de desempenho dos passeios. A sintaxe se destaca por relacionar o efeito da malha urbana como indutora do movimento de pedestres, e as medidas de desempenho por criarem maneiras de avaliar a qualidade do passeio. Esta pesquisa procura compatibilizar esses dois métodos de abordar o movimento para descrever e compreender as relações entre o espaço e o fluxo de pedestres na área central da cidade de Santa Maria-RS. As variáveis do espaço urbano foram processadas com as redes neurais artificiais, uma tecnologia inovadora com muito potencial na área de modelagem urbana, por sua aptidão de aprendizado a partir de exemplos - fenômenos que não possuem regras explícitas - e processamento em paralelo dos dados - todas as variáveis se influenciam ao mesmo tempo para resultar no fenômeno estudado. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se pertinentes às bases teóricas e contribuem para a explicação do movimento natural em cidades. The pedestrians’ movement is associated to the space where it happens, on a local way, where each sidewalk offers physical advantages and in a global way when determining routes through the city roads. To understand how the pedestrians choose the sidewalks where they will move around is essential to determine the ambient characteristics that are necessary on the spaces. A way of understanding these relations is by creating urban models, a way of associating directly the attributes to the phenomena. It was tried to analyze methodologies used in pedestrians' models, as well as new technologies incorporated to them, to evaluate the urban pedestrian movement at central areas of the traditional cities. Among the observed methodologies, those which were more appropriated to understand the factors contained in the urban space were the spatial syntax and the measures of sidewalks performance. The syntax stands out by relating the effect of the urban grid as the factor that induces the pedestrians’ movement and the performance measures because they create forms of evaluating the sidewalk’s quality. This research attempts to make compatible those two methods of approaching the movement to describe and to understand the relations between the space and the pedestrians' flow in the central area of Santa Maria-RS The urban space variables were processed with the artificial neural networks, an innovative technology with a lot of potential in the urban modeling area, on account of its learning aptitude starting from examples - phenomena that don't have explicit rules - and the parallel processing of the data - all the variables influence each other at the same time to result in the studied phenomenon. The obtained results were shown pertinent to the theoretical bases and they contribute to the explanation of the natural movement in cities. The results were shown pertinent to the theoretical bases and they contribute to explaining the natural movement in the cities.

Twenty years after the starting of the so-called Archaeology of Architecture, different proposals have focused on its coming development, worried about the limits of its field study and supposed scanty application. This work, on the contrary, intends to show that the instrumental background of the Archaeology of Architecture together with its archaeological way of analysing the building culture, as its experience shows, enable saying that a wide field of epistemological proposals is still to be open.Tras veinte años de eufórica puesta en marcha de la llamada Arqueología de la Arquitectura, distintas reflexiones llaman la atención sobre su trayectoria futura, preocupadas por las limitaciones de su campo de estudio y por la supuesta pobreza de su aplicación. Al contrario, el bagaje instrumental de la AA y su manera «arqueológica» de ver la cultura construida, como demuestra su rica experiencia, permiten aventurar su apertura a un amplio campo de propuestas epistemológicas.