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Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-11-06T14:55:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Patrícia Milech Einhardt 2017.pdf: 2092991 bytes, checksum: 4e24b180491a12a086061863b12e0484 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-01-02T13:05:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Patrícia Milech Einhardt 2017.pdf: 2092991 bytes, checksum: 4e24b180491a12a086061863b12e0484 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-02T13:05:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Patrícia Milech Einhardt 2017.pdf: 2092991 bytes, checksum: 4e24b180491a12a086061863b12e0484 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos desempenham papel fundamental nos programas de melhoramento, pois permitem a predição dos valores genéticos dos candidatos à seleção, propiciando um processo mais acurado. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: a) avaliar a variação genética de genitores e progênies na geração F1 e estimar a herdabilidade no sentido amplo e restrito dos caracteres de massa média das frutas e teor de sólidos solúveis; b) caracterizar a forma das frutas de duas cultivares e nove seleções e seus descendentes F1; e c) avaliar a capacidade de conservação pós-colheita de frutas de sete seleções e duas cultivares de amoreira-preta e seus índices de mercadabilidade. Os genótipos estudados foram provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento da Embrapa Clima Temperado. O valor médio estimado da herdabilidade no sentido amplo, para massa da fruta (0,79) e sólidos solúveis (0,68) foi alto. Já no sentido restrito, para massa da fruta (0,05) foi baixo e para o teor de sólidos solúveis (0,47) foi médio. Isso demonstra que a eficiência de seleção é maior para teor de sólidos solúveis do que para massa das frutas. Observou-se que o formato das frutas das progênies tende a ser próximo daquele dos genitores. Na avaliação pós-colheita as seleções Black 139, 170 e 276 e as cultivares BRS Xingu e Tupy apresentaram boa conservação após sete dias de armazenamento a 4°C, com índice de mercadabilidade acima de 85%, o que é considerado aceitável para comercialização. Foi observado também que a cultivar BRS Xingu é similar a cultivar Tupy em firmeza e massa média das frutas e inferior em sólidos solúveis, porém, apresentou melhor conservação póscolheita. Estimation of genetic parameters play a key role in the improvement on breeding programs because they allow the prediction of the genetic values of the candidates to selection, providing a more reliable process. The objectives of the present study were: a) to evaluate the genetic variation of parents and their F1 progenies and to estimate heritability in the broad and restricted sense of the average fruit mass and soluble solids content; B) characterize the fruit shape of two cultivars and nine selections and their F1 descendants; and c) to evaluate the fruit post-harvest conservation capacity of seven selections and two blackberry cultivars and their indices of marketability. The genotypes studied were from the Embrapa Clima Temperado Improvement Program. The broad sense heritability for average fruit mass (0.79) and soluble solids (0.68) was high, whereas the restricted sense heritability was low for fruit mass (0.05) and medium for soluble solids content (0.47). This demonstrates that the selection efficiency is higher for soluble solids content than for fruit mass. It was observed that the fruit format of the progenies tends to be close to that of the parents. In the post-harvest evaluation, it was possible to conclude that the Black 139, 170 and 276 selections and the BRS Xingu and Tupy cultivars had good conservation after seven days of storage at 4°C, with a marketability index above 85%, which is considered aceptable by the market. It was also observed that the cultivar BRS Xingu is similar to Tupy cultivar in firmness and average mass of fruits and inferior in soluble solids, however, it has a better post harvest conservation.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros biológicos e determinar a tabela de vida de fertilidade de Neopamera bilobata (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) em morangueiro. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, em Bento Gonçalves, RS, em câmara climatizada (a 23±1°C, 70±10% UR e fotófase de 12 horas). Utilizaram-se folíolos, flores, frutos verdes e maduros de morangueiro 'Aromas' como alimento para os percevejos. O desenvolvimento das fases imaturas e os parâmetros biológicos dos adultos foram monitorados diariamente. O percevejo N. bilobata não completou o ciclo biológico em folíolos e flores de morangueiro. Em frutos maduros e verdes, o tempo de desenvolvimento da ninfa ao adulto foi de 32,8±9,12 e 36,7±6,80 dias, com viabilidade de 27,3 e 51%, respectivamente. O período de oviposição foi de 34,7±21,2 dias, com 319,1±262,7 ovos em frutos maduros, e de 43,9±18,3 dias, com 318,2±144,7 ovos em frutos verdes. Neopamera bilobata completa seu ciclo biológico na cultura do morangueiro. Frutos verdes de morangueiro são mais adequados ao desenvolvimento deste inseto do que frutos maduros. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biological parameters and to determinate the fertility life table of Neopamera bilobata (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) on strawberry. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology of Embrapa Uva e Vinho, in Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil, in a climatic chamber (at 23±1°C, 70±10% RH, and 12-hour photoperiod). Leaflets, flowers, and green and ripe fruit of 'Aromas' strawberry were used to feed the insects. The development of immature stages and the biological parameters of adults were daily monitored. The bug N. bilobata did not complete the life cycle on strawberry leaflets and flowers. On mature and green fruit, the nymph-adult development time was of 32.8±9.12 and 36.7±6.80 days, with viability of 27.3 and 51%, respectively. The oviposition period was of 34.7±21.2 days, with 319.1±262.7 eggs on ripe fruit, and of 43.9±18.3 days, with 318.2±144.7 eggs on green fruit. Neopamera bilobata completes its biological cycle on strawberry crop. Green fruit of strawberry are more suitable for this insect development than ripe ones.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características florais e carpométricas, a viabilidade dos grãos de pólen e a capacidade germinativa de sementes de cultivares de amoreira‑preta. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Brazos, Caingangue, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Guarani, BRS Tupy e Ébano. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com as oito cultivares e dez repetições. Foram feitas avaliações quanto a: número de estames, carpelos, pétalas e sépalas; composição do meio de cultura; número de grãos de pólen por antera e por flor; taxa de germinação de grãos de pólen; percentagem de frutificação; massa de matéria fresca, dimensões e número de sementes dos frutos; massa e dimensões dos drupetes; e percentagem de emergência de plântulas. O meio de cultura estabelecido para as cultivares de amoreira‑preta foi acrescido de 90 g L‑1 de sacarose e 400 mg L‑1 de ácido bórico, com pH aferido para 6,5 e meio solidificado com 8 g L‑1 de ágar. 'Caingangue', 'Ébano' e 'BRS Tupy' apresentaram baixa germinação de grãos de pólen. 'Ébano' apresentou frutos arredondados e com poucos drupetes. 'Choctaw' e 'Comanche' apresentaram baixa percentagem de emergência de plântulas. 'Brazos' destacou-se na maioria das características avaliadas e é considerada como boa progenitora para programas de melhoramento genético. The objective of this work was to evaluate the floral and fruit characteristics, pollen grain viability, and seed germination capability of blackberry cultivars. The cultivars Brazos, Caingangue, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Guarani, BRS Tupy and Ébano were evaluated. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with the eight cultivars and ten replicates. Evaluations were made for: number of stamens, carpels, petals, and sepals; basic composition of the culture medium; number of pollen grains per anther, and per flower; germination rate of pollen grains; percentage of fruiting; fresh biomass, dimension, and number of fruit seeds; mass and dimension of drupets; and percentage of seedling emergence. The established culture medium for the cultivars was added with 90 g L‑1 sucrose and 400 mg L‑1 boric acid, with adjusted pH to 6.5, and solidified medium with 8 g L‑1 agar. 'Caingangue', 'Ébano' and 'BRS Tupy' showed low‑pollen grain germination. 'Ébano' showed round fruit with few drupets. 'Choctaw' and 'Comanche' had low percentage of seedling emergence. 'Brazos' stood out for most of the evaluated characteristics, and it is considered as a good parent for breeding programs.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura de armazenamento sobre a manutenção da qualidade, o teor de compostos fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante de amoras-pretas (Rubus sp.) 'Tupy' e 'Guarani'. Os frutos foram armazenados a 0, 5, 10 e 15°C. Após cinco dias de armazenamento, as amoras-pretas foram avaliadas quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: cor da epiderme, taxa respiratória, perda de massa, força para compressão, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT, podridões, compostos fenólicos totais (CFT) e atividade antioxidante (AAT). O aumento da temperatura de armazenamento causou, em ambas as cultivares, o aumento da taxa respiratória, da perda de massa e da incidência de podridões, bem como redução dos teores de SS e AT, especialmente a partir de 5ºC. Não houve efeito da temperatura sobre a coloração em 'Tupy'. Em amoras 'Guarani', houve redução de croma e de ângulo hue, com o aumento da temperatura. A força para compressão, em ambas as cultivares, aumentou entre as temperaturas de 0 e 5ºC. CFT e AAT aumentaram com o incremento da temperatura em ambas as cultivares. O armazenamento de frutos de ambas as cultivares a 5ºC proporciona frutos mais firmes e maior AT, além de permitir o incremento de CFT e AAT, sem comprometer o sabor e aspecto visual do fruto. Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the quality maintenance, content of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of 'Tupy' and 'Guarani' blackberry (Rubus sp.) fruit. Fruit were stored at 0, 5, 10, and 15°C. After five days of storage, fruit were evaluated for the following parameters: skin color, respiratory rate, weight loss, force to compression, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), SSC/TA ratio, incidence of decay, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and total antioxidant activity (TAA). In both cultivars, the temperature increase caused boosting of respiratory rate, weight loss, and incidence of decay, as well as reduction in SSC and TA, especially at temperatures over 5°C. There was no effect of temperature on skin color of 'Tupy'. In 'Guarani' blackberries, chroma and hue angle decreased with temperature. Fruit force to compression, in both cultivars, augmented by temperature increasing between 0 and 5°C. Values of TPC and TAA augmented with increasing of temperature in both cultivars. Fruit storage at 5ºC for both cultivars yields firmer fruit and higher TA, while allowing the increase of TPC and TAA without impairing fruit taste and visual appearance.

The aim of this work was to compare the storage potential of ‘Guarani’ and ‘Tupy’ blackberries in controlled atmosphere (CA) and thereafter to determinate the best CA storage conditions for ‘Tupy’ blackberries. Two experiments were carried out. In the first one, ‘Guarani’ and ‘Tupy’ blackberries were stored in CA condition (10 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2). We found that ‘Tupy’ blackberry has the best storage potential. Therefore, in the second experiment, several CA conditions were evaluated for ‘Tupy’ blackberries storage, as follows: [1] cold storage (CS): 20.9 kPa O2 + 0.04 kPa CO2; [2] CA with 10 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2; [3] CA with 5 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2; [4] CA with 10 kPa O2 + 10 kPa CO2. All treatments were stored at 1 °C and 98% (± 1) of relative humidity. The ‘Tupy’ blackberry, despite showing a significant decrease in ascorbic acid content, presented a higher storage potential than ‘Guarani’ blackberry, if stored at recommended CA condition for other cultivars. ‘Tupy’ blackberry stored at 5 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2 showed higher ascorbic acid content, soluble solids and titratable acidity as compared to the other storage conditions. In CA with 10 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2, the juice was lighter (high L), but differed significantly only from those fruit of CS. The best CA condition for ‘Tupy’ blackberries storage is 5 kPa O2 with 15 kPa CO2.

The accumulation patterns of phenolic compounds during fruit growth and ripening of Berberis buxifolia and their correlations were studied to determine the optimal time and conditions needed to obtain maximum phenolic content. Anthocyanin content increased from 1.7 to a maximum of 752.7 mg·100 g−1 FW at the end of ripening, while the flavonoid content was maximal in unripe fruits [604.0 mg (+)-catechin equivalents·100 g−1 FW]. Total phenolic compounds decreased from 968.1 to a minimum of 746.3 mg gallic acid equivalents·100 g−1 FW just as soluble solids started to accumulate; a maximum of 1522.9 mg gallic acid equivalents·100 g−1 FW was attained at the end of ripening. Both variables (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect and reducing power) were maximum in unripe fruits, and decreased during the ripening period, although the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect increased again towards the end of this period. The accumulation patterns of phenols varied depending on the specific group of compounds considered, and could be correlated with fruit quality. Fil: Arena, Miriam Elisabet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina Fil: Curvetto, Nestor Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina

This study was carried out to evaluate morphological and pomological characteristics of some little known blueberry types in Turkey during 2003–2006. Caucasian whortleberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) populations were collected from the coast area to high altitude in Trabzon and Artvin. The plant habit was generally shrub; growth habit was erect or prostrate; condensation wax on berries was high; berries were round, oblate or ovoid; berry taste ranged from sour to sweet; berry weight was 32.08–100.5 g/100 berries; total soluble solid was 7.43– 13.5%; cluster number of per plant was between 1 and 6. These wild selections will be evaluated in more detail. INTRODUCTION Turkey is a very important area for plant diversity. Many fruit species are grown and many different local or native fruit species and varieties are known. One of these is blueberries (Vaccinium) a fruit species from the Ericaceae family grown in temperate regions. Northern Turkey is a diversity hotspot for heathers (Ericaceae) and several little known Vaccinium species including blueberry, bilberry, lingonberry, bog blueberry, bog whortleberry or bog bilberry (Stevens, 1978; Agaoglu, 1986 and Celik, 2005). These species are widespread across Northeastern Anatolia and between 40 to 42° north, from Artvin to Canakkale. In the Black Sea Region, especially in plateaus, Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and V. myrtilloides Michx. plants were endemic. These plants have economic importance (Celik et al., 2004). For many years wild blueberries have been harvested for commercial and home use in north-east and north-west Anatolia, in Turkey. The berry fruits of these Turkish species can be eaten. Those of V. arctostaphylos are especially appreciated (Stevens, 1978; Ayaz et al., 2001). Blueberries grow as a native fruit crop in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey and are locally consumed fresh or as jam. The main crops in this region are hazelnut and tea. Annual rainfall is 1000 mm, distributed throughout the year. Annual mean temperature is 14.5oC and annual mean relative humidity is 75%. Although it is known that Ericaceae family like acidity soils, it is not cultivated blueberries for commercial plant in Black Sea region having natural acidity soil. The first research in Turkey was begun by Celik (2003, 2004, 2005) in the year 2000. Otherwise researches on blueberries were started around 1900. Now, several commercial species were grown in the world (Himelrick, 2002; Lyrene, 2002). Vaccinium fruit crops are potentially important crops for the Black Sea region of Turkey because of its natural acidic soils and ecology. There are many wild blueberry types in this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate wild blueberry populations and determine some of the pomological traits of little known blueberries collected from the Artvin and Trabzon Provinces.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o manejo de podas em cultivares de amoreira-preta (Rubus spp.), submetidas à poda drástica de verão, em regiões subtropicais. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x7 (podas x cultivares), no Município de Lavras, MG. Foram utilizadas as cultivares Comanche, Caingangue, Choctaw, Tupy, Guarani, Brazos e Cherokee, que receberam poda convencional (controle) e poda drástica de verão. Foram avaliados dados fenológicos, vegetativos e produtivos nos ciclos de produção 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, além de características físico-químicas dos frutos e da incidência de doenças, no último ciclo de produção. A poda drástica de verão aumenta a produção das cultivares em regiões subtropicais. Não há diferença na qualidade dos frutos colhidos de plantas submetidas aos sistemas de poda avaliados. A poda drástica de verão não é eficiente na redução ou no controle de doenças. The objective of this work was to evaluate pruning managements of blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars, subjected to drastic summer pruning, in subtropical regions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 7x2 (pruning x cultivars) factorial arrangement, in the municipality of Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Comanche, Caingangue, Choctaw, Tupy, Guarani, Brazos, and Cherokee cultivars were used, receiving conventional pruning (control) and drastic summer pruning. Phenological, vegetative, and productive data were evaluated on the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 production cycles, as well as the fruit physicochemical attributes and disease incidence in the last production cycle. Drastic summer pruning increases the production of cultivars in subtropical regions. There is no difference in the quality of fruit harvested from plants subjected to the evaluated pruning systems. Drastic summer pruning is not effective in the reduction or the control of diseases.

The Physalis peruviana L. is an exotic fruit that belongs to the Solanaceae family with recent production in Brazil. This is presented as an alternative production with nutritional potential and economic value. The cape gooseberry plant has a high added value that can be used from its root to the fruit itself. The roots and leaves are rich in medicinal properties that are used in pharmacology. The fruit is sweet and have good content of vitamins A, C, iron, phosphorus and fiber, often used in making jellies, jams, juices and ice creams. To improve the plant canopy, but also contribute to the quality and appearance of the fruit produced some cultural practices such as staking, training systems, pruning and thinning are used. The aim of this review is to provide technical and scientific data about the culture of physalis. A Physalis peruviana L. é uma fruta exótica pertencente à família Solanaceae com produção recente no Brasil. Esta se apresenta como uma alternativa de produção com potencial valor nutricional e econômico. A planta da fisalis possui um alto valor agregado, podendo ser utilizada desde sua raiz até o fruto propriamente dito. As raízes e as folhas são ricas em propriedades medicinais que são utilizadas na farmacologia. O fruto é açucarado e com bom conteúdo de vitaminas A, C, ferro, fósforo e fibras, muito utilizado na fabricação de geleias, doces, sucos e sorvetes. Para melhorar o dossel vegetativo da planta, como também contribuir para a qualidade e aparência do fruto produzido, utiliza-se, durante seu cultivo, algumas práticas culturais, como tutoramento, condução, poda e desbrote. O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer dados técnico-científicos sobre a Cultura da Physalis.

Recently, the markets globalization process has become increasingly intense leading to markets' hanges and a growth competition between companies operating on the international market. The agrifood sector among others has undergone several transformation characterized by the diffusion of modern New Technology, Information and Communication, the harmonization of regulations, and the reduction of technical barriers (Banterle and Olper, 2007). These last two changes were made due to the commercial bilateral signature or multilateral agreements. These changes have forced companies to rethink their strategies and organizational management. The Italian international agribusiness scenario plays an importance role. Many Italian agro-food products, such as wine, olive oil, bakery and confectionery industry, are nowadays well known and appreciated all over the world creating a business of considerable interest. The last years, there has been a growth interest in Italy for the small fruits cultivation because of their nutraceutical importance, the wide margins of income and the social-plane-employment. The small fruits cultivation, mainly prevalent in northern Italy, has shown a growth in recent years both in terms of area and production. This was encouraged by a growing demand of products designed to meet the needs of the confectionery industry. In fact, according to the ISTAT (2013) analysis of trade, the growth rate of imports is more sustained than the exports one. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Italy competitive position in the small fruits international market based on the recent growth of the sector and the opportunities it’s able to offer. In particular, we will study the competitiveness of Italy and other countries that have an important place at the international level in terms of production and trade using indicators widely used in the international trade literature analysis. The analysis will be based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics concerning the small fruits production. The results of the research show the role of Italy competitiveness in the international market in one hand; and the main supply markets by type of product in another hand. Finally, the future scenarios on agricultural policies implemented recently to support the Small fruits sector in the different Italian regions are formulated.

Fruits are excellent sources of antioxidant compounds as well as vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, therefore, the US Department of Agriculture’s healthy eating guidelines include a recommendation for consumption of at least 2.5 cups of fruits per day. Freezing at -20 °C is one of the most popular and convenient ways of storing small fruits long-term. The typical recommended storage time it is 8-12 months. In the present study we monitored fluctuations in antioxidant capacity (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and 2, 2´-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay), total phenols (TP, Folin–Ciocalteu assay), total flavonoids (TF, colorimetric assay with Al2Cl3) and anthocyanins (TA, pH differential method) of 10 small fruits during one year storage at -20 °C. Sweet cherries, sour cherries, strawberries, red currants, raspberries, blackberries, hawthorn, cornelian cherries, and red and white grapes were chosen for the study. The first set of fruits (sweet cherries, sour cherries, strawberries, red currants and raspberries) was frozen in June 2009, and the second set of fruits (blackberries, hawthorn, cornelian cherries, red and white grapes) was frozen in September 2009. Phytochemical content was determined at equal time intervals. Initial TP contents in fruits ranged between 60.12-891.15 mg GAE/100g FW, TF content between 17.90-536.76 mg CE/100 g FW and TA content between 0-121.82 mg CGE/100g FW. The dynamic evolution of antioxidant capacity reflected the transient changes in phytochemical composition of analyzed fruits in storage. Fluctuations in phytochemical content observed during storage depended greatly on the type of fruit in question. Most of the analyzed fruits showed significant changes in phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity during and after one year of storage at -20°C.

Phenolic acid are widespreead plant secondary metabolites commonly occur as free acids and their esters, glycosides and bound complexes. They play important roles in plant resistance to pathogens and herbivores, oxidative stress and plant growth regulation. Also, they have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. In our study we determinated 12 free phenolic acids (protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, gallic, salicylic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, 4-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic) using UPLC-MS/MS in six different cultivated and wild small fruit: hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida var. major), European Cornel (Cornus mas), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L., var. Viking), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg.), white grape (Vitis vinifera) and red grape (Vitis vinifera). Phenolic acid have been ascribed to their antioxidant properties, so we also determinated Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of studied fruit exstracts. In all samples we found protocatechuic acid, while vanillic, syringic, ferulic and sinapic acid we did not find in our samples. The most abudant free phenolic acid was chlorogenic acid in black chokeberry (5555.00±666.19 µmol/g dw) and hawthorn (1621.5±30.64 µmol/g dw), but in blackberry and white and black grape chlorogenic acid was not detected. Caffeic acid was detected only in hawthorn (192.2±9.43 µmol/g dw) and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid only in black chokeberry (38.33±2.36 µmol/g dw). Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) was the highest for hawthorn (808.73±46.02 µmolTrolox/g dw) followed by black chokeberry (443.40± µmolTrolox/g dw). The lowes ORAC value shown white grape (86.09±7.58 µmolTrolox/g dw). The highest antioxidat capacity we found in hawthorn and black chokeberry where we also detected the highest content of chlorogenic acid which might contribute to the prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

This thesis analyzes the potential for producers in Virginia to successfully participate in the market for berry crops, which include strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, and other novelty berries. A survey of current berry crop producers in Virginia is used to gain insight into the supply-side of the market, and a series of personal interviews with direct market berry crop producers and buyers from retail, wholesale, and processor outlets are conducted to assess the demand-side of the market. The results show that berry crop producers in the state are diverse along many dimensions, with certain groups better positioned to serve the unsaturated demand that exists through direct outlets and others better aligned to serve the increasing demand that exists among indirect buyers. Diversification into berry crop production involves high levels of risk, but the potential returns are likewise high. Master of Science

A fruticultura mineira vem crescendo e diversificando-se nos últimos anos. A amora-preta surge como opção desta diversificação, e o conhecimento do comportamento desta espécie, em Minas Gerais, se faz de suma importância. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a influência da poda de verão na produção extemporânea de variedades de amora-preta no Planalto de Poços de Caldas-MG. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental (FECD) da Epamig, em Caldas-MG. As análises foram realizadas na coleção de variedades mantidas na FECD. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: período de colheita, peso médio de fruto, produção média por planta e por hectare de 7 variedades (Brazos, Comanche, Guarani, Tupy, Cherokee, Caingangue e Ébano) e uma seleção (97). Concluiu-se que a produção extemporânea, induzida pela poda de verão, influiu negativamente em todas as características avaliadas. Entre as variedades que mais produziram fora de época, Tupy (2,93 t/ha) e Comanche (3,26 t/ha) foram as que mais se destacaram. The fruit culture, in the State of Minas Gerais, has been increased and diversified considerably, during the last years. Blackberry appeared as an important option to fruit growers; however there are no trials performed in that State. The objective of this work was to evaluate the summer pruning effects on off season production of blackberries varieties. This work was carried out in Epamig - "Fazenda Experimental" in Caldas, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fruit weight, estimated production and productivity per plant and per hectare (ha) were evaluated for seven cultivars (Brazos, Comanche, Ébano, Caingangue, Guarani, Tupy and Cherokee) and one selection (97). The results lead to conclude that summer pruning induced less production in all varieties. Highest off season production was obtained in 'Comanche' (3, 26 t/ha), followed by 'Tupy' (2,93 t/ha).

This issue begins with an article composed by Professor Hutt on his journey to Utah State College. The agricultural articles pertain to rural life on a Manitoba farm, soil conservation, success in beef cattle breeding, and Canadian bacon in the English market. Horticulture articles address cultivating flowering bulbs, and a continuation of the article on small fruit research at the Ontario Agricultural College. The editorial comments on college spirit and the college motto. The athletics column reports on the rugby season and various tournaments. Campus news provides highlights of the freshmen initiation. The Personals column contains alumni news. While the Locals column provides campus humour. A trip to the Great West Life on a Manitoba farm Agricultural department Live stock department Horticultural department Editorial Personals Athletics Locals College reporter advertising

This issue begins with an article on the preparations for the annual meeting of the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union planned for the new Massey Hall. Agricultural articles pertain to the experiments conducted at the new cold storage building, profitability in beef cattle production, the English market for woolen goods, and research on small fruits conducted at the Ontario Agricultural College in 1902. Campus news reports on the anticipation for a new school year with the robust enrollment of students and the Y. M. C. A.'s focus on the spiritual improvement of the students. The editorial comments on the utility of the Canadian Correspondence College. The athletics column provides updates on the seasonal sports on campus and in the city of Guelph. The Personals column contains alumni news. While the Locals column provides campus humour. Annual meeting of the Experimental Union The cold storage building Looking backward Y. M. C. A. notes Agricultural department Live stock department Horticultural department Editorial The Canadian Correspondence College Athletics Locals College reporter Personals advertising

portuguesO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interacao entre estadios de maturacao e temperatura de armazenamento na qualidade de frutos de amora-preta ‘Guarani’ armazenados em atmosfera controlada (AC). O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial (2x2), avaliando-se dois estadios de maturacao (E1: cor vermelha e E2: cor preta dos frutos) e duas temperaturas (1°C e 5°C). Os frutos foram armazenados em AC (10.0kPa O2+15.0Pa CO2) e 98±1% de umidade relativa. Os resultados mostraram que o componente principal 1 (PC I) e o componente principal 2 (PC II) responderam por 92,84% de variacao das variaveis analisadas. Conclui-se que a colheita nao deve ser realizada em estadio de maturacao antecipado, pois a amora-preta ‘Guarani’ nao desenvolve todas as caracteristicas de qualidade para o consumidor. A amora-preta ‘Guarani’ deve ser armazenada na temperatura de 1°C. Os estadios de maturacao apresentam maior importância na variacao dos parâmetros de qualidade quando comparados a temperaturas de armazenamento. Palavras-chave: Rubus fruticosus; pos-colheita; qualidade de frutos; pequenas frutas EnglishThe aim of this research was to evaluate the interaction between maturity stages and temperature on fruit quality of ‘Guarani’ blackberries stored under controlled atmosphere (CA). The experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme (2x2), evaluating two ripening stages (E1: red-color and E2: black-color of fruits) and two temperatures (1°C and 5°C). The fruit were stored in CA (10.0kPa O2+15.0kPa CO2) and 98±1% of relative humidity (RH). Results showed that the principal component 1 (PC I) and principal component 2 (PC II) corresponded to 92.84% of the overall variation of the evaluated variables. Harvest should not be performed in the early maturity stage, because ‘Guarani’ blackberries do not develop all quality of consumer. ‘Guarani’ blackberries must be stored at 1°C. The maturity stage showed the major importance in the overall variability of quality parameters when compared to storage temperature. Key words: Rubus fruticosus; postharvest; fruit quality; small fruit