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25 rouleaux de comptes ont été conservés pour la châtellenie de Pont-de-Vaux (département de l’Ain) pour la période allant de 1275 à 1375, dans lesquels figurent des listes d’amendes (banna). Après une introduction présentant la châtellenie, les caractéristiques principales de ces amendes, leur intérêt pour l’analyse linguistique et les principes retenus pour l’édition, cet article propose une édition intégrale des banna. Amendes, comptabilité, édition, Moyen Âge, rouleaux, Savoie Twenty-five rolls of accounts have been preserved for the castellany of Pont-de-Vaux (Ain) for the period 1275-1375, and they include lists of fines (banna). After an introduction discussing the historical context of the castellany, the main characteristics of the fines, their interest for linguistic analysis, and the editorial principles employed in this study, a complete edition of the banna is offered here.

Залавин Яков Евгеньевич, начальник сектора технологии формовки труб, ОАО «Российский научно-исследовательский институт трубной промышленности» (ОАО «РосНИТИ»), г. Челябинск; zalavin@rosniti.ru. Ya.E. Zalavin, zalavin@rosniti.ru JSC “Russian Research Institute for the Tube and Pipe Industries” (JSC “RosNITI”), Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation В настоящее время рынок труб большого диаметра (ТБД) развивается в условиях переизбытка производственных мощностей, что ставит производителей труб данного сегмента в условия жесткой конкуренции. Морские переходы, зоны повышенной сейсмической активности, высокое рабочее давление трубопроводов определяют высокие требования к прочностным, геометрическим и эксплуатационным характеристикам труб. Повышение точности размеров труб большого диаметра является актуальной задачей для большинства производителей данной продукции. Одним из способов повышения точности труб является минимизация неравномерности деформации в поперечном сечении трубы после формообразующих операций. Процесс вальцевой формовки (TRB) обладает преимуществом в сравнении с наиболее распространенным на предприятиях процессом шаговой формовки (JOE) по энергоемкости и постоянству кривизны основной части периметра. При производстве ТБД способом вальцевой формовки неравномерность деформации локализуется в области перехода от плоского участка к основному периметру. Для снижения неравномерности деформации вращение валков в начале прохода выполняется одновременно с перемещением верхнего валка. Для корректной реализации данной технологии требуется методика расчета величины погружения на заданный радиус на стадии перемещения верхнего валка. В статье представлены результаты численного эксперимента по определению кривизны заготовки на стадии перемещения верхнего валка. По результатам эксперимента построена регрессионная модель формирования кривизны и приведен алгоритм расчета перемещения. Полученная регрессионная модель с достаточной точностью позволяет рассчитывать величину погружения, что подтверждается результатами конечно-элементного моделирования. Результаты работы могут быть полезны для практической реализации и использованы как для составления технологических карт формовки, так и для построения конечно-элементных моделей. Currently, the market for large diameter pipes (LDP) is developing in an environment of overcapacity, which puts pipe manufacturers in this segment in a highly competitive environment. Sea crossings, zones of increased seismic activity, high operating pressure of pipelines determine stringent requirements for the strength, geometric and operational characteristics of pipes. Improving the dimensional accuracy of large-diameter pipes is an urgent task for most manufacturers of these products. One of the ways to improve the accuracy of pipes is to minimize the non-uniformity of deformation in the cross-section of the pipe after shaping operations. The roll forming process (TRB) has an advantage over the most common step forming process (JOE) in factories in terms of energy intensity and consistency of curvature of the main part of the perimeter. In the production of LDP by the roll forming method, the uneven deformation is localized in the area of transition from the flat area to the main perimeter. To reduce the unevenness of deformation, the rotation of the rolls at the beginning of the pass is carried out simultaneously with the movement of the upper roll. When implementing this technology, a method is required for calculating the amount of immersion at a given radius at the stage of moving the upper roll. The article presents the results of a numerical experiment to determine the curvature of the workpiece at the stage of moving the upper roll. Based on the results of the experiment, a regression model for the formation of curvature is built and an algorithm for calculating the displacement is presented. The resulting regression model, with sufficient accuracy, allows you to calculate the amount of immersion, which is confirmed by the results of finite element modeling. The results of the work can be useful for practical implementation and are used both for drawing up technological maps of molding, and for building finite element models.

Electrospark deposition of coatings onto the SPKhN-60 white cast iron samples involved two stages. A barrier sublayer was deposited at the first stage and a multi-functional protective coating was deposited at the second stage. The effect of the sublayer on coating properties upon application of STIM-40NAOKn (TiC–NiAl+ZrO2nano) and STIM-11OKn (TiB2–NiAl+ZrO2nano) electrodes was studied. The coating structures were investigated. The grain size of the refractory phase was found to be smaller than 100 nm. Application of double-layer coatings increased wear-and heat resistances of white cast iron samples. Pre-deposition of a nickel sublayer enhanced the heat resistance of STIM-11OKn coating over eightfold. Full-scale tests of the rolls strengthened using SHS electrodes were carried out and positive results were obtained.

Постановка проблемы. Уже сегодня по всей территории Украины не часто можно встретить типичную, старую хату, тот или другой тип народных хозяйственных сооружений. Минует немного время и отдельные достопримечательности народной архитектуры трудно будет найти. Между тем, сельское жилье было наиболее массовым объектом народного строительства. В нем воплощены лучшие приобретения и опыт народных зодчих, оно представляет большую ценность для истории культуры украинского народа, истории украинского искусства, архитектуры и этнографии, экостроительства. Народное архитектурное искусство Украины Надднепрянщины многомерный в пространстве и времени массив украинского рукотворного искусства; являет собой народную архитектуру, ее убранства, вещественное наполнение интерьера дома и усадьбы, а также пластично-пространственные образования, которые определяют ритуальные локусы семейной жизни украинского села от самых давних времен до нынешнего времени. Анализ публикаций. Первые публикации об украинском народном жилье, были сделаны в конце ХІХ в начале ХХ века. Это были труды этнографов и историков М. Сумцова [17] и Д. Багалія [1−4], в определенной мере Г. Лукомського [12]. В разрезе нашего исследования интересной является робота В. Харузина [19]. Интересные материалы находим в серии публикаций, которые появились в конце ХІХ начале. ХХ века и связаны с жизненно необходимой тенденцией строить огнестойкое жилье, которым собственно была украинская хата. "Везде теперь пытаются ставить такие хаты и кладовые, чтобы и дешевые были, и крепкие, и хорошие, а главное чтобы не поддавались "красному петуху". Поощряются ставить кто более состоятельный здания из кирпича и камня, а кто более убог, тот к глиняным, самановым берется, они нарядны, крепки, дешевы, долговечны и негорючи", отмечается в предисловии к небольшому изданию І. Улашивского "Самановые здания" [18]. Небольшая брошюра "Вальковия постройки (съ 20 рисунками въ текстъ)" Ф. С. Дудко также детально описывает технологію. В 70-ые годы ХХ ст. начали появляться труды, посвященные изучению народного строительства в Украине. Это работы, в которых рассматривались особенности застройки того или другого региона, типы хат, их интерьер; строительство хозяйственных сооружений, обустройства двора. Среди них А. Данилюк "Замкнутые дворы на Полесье" [6−7], А. Данилюк и М. Шпак "Традиционное и новое в бойковском жилищном строительстве" [8], М. Струнка "Украинское народное жилье Николаевщины" [16], М. Мануревич "Народное жилище гагаузов". [14], З. Петрова «Сельские жилые дома в Карпатах» [15] и другие [11; 13]. Цель и основные направления нашего исследования заключается в комплексном изучении технологии возведения стен народного жилья украинцев Средней и Нижней Надднепрянщины Украины (Приднепровского региона) конца XIХ середины ХХ ст., поскольку Днепропетровщина принадлежит именно к этому историко-географическому и промышленно-экономическому региону., Problem statement. Nowadays it is difficult to see a typical, old peasant house, or different types of national confident buildings. It will take a little time and some monuments of national architecture will be difficult to find. Meanwhile, rural housing was the most massive object of traditional construction. It embodies the best achievements and experience of national architects; it is of great value for the history of Ukrainian culture, history of Ukrainian art, architecture and ethnography, sustainable construction. National art of peasant house construction of Prydniprovsk region of Ukraine, is multidimensional space and time in an array of hand-made Ukrainian art is a national architecture, its decoration, clothing filling of the interior of the house and estate, as well as plastic and spatial formation, determining loci ritual of family life of Ukrainian village since the ancient times to the present. Analysis of publications. The first publications about the Ukrainian national housing, was made in the late nineteenth early twentieth century. These were the works of ethnographers and historians M.Sumtsova [17] and D. Bagalіya [1-4], G.Lukomskogo a little [12]. B. Kharuzin’s work is interesting in the context of our study .[19]. The interesting materials were found by us in the series of publications that have appeared in the end of XIX and beginning of XX centures and are associated with vital trend to build fire-resistant housing, and ukrainian peasant house was such kind of housing. "Nowadays such kind of peasant houses and storages are put because they cheap, strong and good and the most important is to be resistant to fire. Houses with brick and stone trying to be built by reach people, and houses with the clay and saman are built by poor people,they are elegant, strong, cheap long-existed and non-flammable " that is stated in the foreword to a small edition by I. Ulashivsky "Saman building" [18]. A small booklet" Valkovi Building (with 20 figures into text). F.S. Dudko also describes in detail tehnology of ukrainian peasant houses construction as the safetiest and the cleanest houses of present. In the 70th of the XX century, works began to appear devoted to the study of nation architecture in Ukraine. The features of construction of one or another region, the types of peasant houses, their interior; construction of farm buildings, equipping of the yard were considered in this work. Among them A. Danyluk "Closed yards in Polesie" [6-7], A. Danyluk and M. Shpak "Traditional and new in boikivskyi housing construction" [8], M. Strunka "Ukrainian national housing of Mykolaivshchina" [16], M. Manurevich “Gagauz nation housing…”[14], Z. Petrova "Rural houses in the Carpathians" [15] and others [11; 13]. The purpose and the main directions of our research is to study the complex technology of the walls construction of the Ukrainians’national housing of Middle and Lower Naddniprianshchyny of Ukraine (of Prydniprovsk region) of the end of XIX and middle of the XX century, as the Dnipropetrovsk region belongs to this historical and geographical, industrial and economic region.

Remains of several deserted villages, feudal estates with affiliated hinterland facilities including homesteads, mills and several fishponds are located in the western tip of the Chrudim district (formerly a part of the Čáslav region), near the town of Ronov nad Doubravou. In the Middle Ages, this was a border area between the Lichtenburk demesne and the holdings of the Vilémov monastery (the border was the river Doubrava). However, the region also included further independent holdings. The landscape around the town underwent several radical transformations in the past which influenced the structure of the local settlement. One of them was the establishment of the town. This contribution centres on the comparison of the available written and archaeological sources in the observed microregion in the immediate surroundings of Ronov nad Doubravou.

Ціль роботи полягає в прийнятті кращого рішення по удосконаленню дробарки, після проведення літературно-патентного пошуку і проведення ряду розрахунків. Кращим з усіх представенних рішень по покращенню дробарки, було прийнято рішення по модернізації валків дробарки. здійснено параметричні та кінетичні розрахунки дробарки та розрахунки на міцність окремиї її елементів. В роботі приведена технологічна лінія виготовлення портланцементу сухим способом, під час якого валкова дробарка використовується для подрібнення глини. Додатково додаються розроблені правила техніки безпеки на виробництві та охорона навколишнього серидовища. The purpose of this work is to make a better decision on the improvement of the crusher, after carrying out a literary-patent search and carrying out a number of calculations. The best of all the solutions presented to improve the crusher, it was decided to upgrade the crusher rolls. The parametric and kinetic calculations of the crusher and calculations on the strength of its separate elements are carried out. In the work the technological line of portland cement manufacturing is given in a dry way, during which a roll crusher is used for crushing clay. In addition, the developed safety rules in the production and the protection of the environment are added.

Thermal convection in an inclined layer between two parallel walls kept at different fixed temperatures is studied for fixed Prandtl number Pr=1.07. Depending on the angle of inclination and the imposed temperature difference, the flow exhibits a large variety of self-organized spatio-temporal convection patterns. Close to onset, these patterns have been explained in terms of linear stability analysis of primary and secondary flow states. At larger temperature difference, far beyond onset, experiments and simulations show complex, dynamically evolving patterns that are not described by stability analysis and remain to be explained. Here we employ a dynamical systems approach. We construct stable and unstable exact invariant states, including equilibria and periodic orbits of the fully nonlinear three-dimensional Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations. These invariant states underlie the observed convection patterns beyond their onset. We identify state-space trajectories that, starting from the unstable laminar flow, follow a sequence of dynamical connections between unstable invariant states until the dynamics approaches a stable attractor. Together, the network of dynamically connected invariant states mediates temporal transitions between coexisting invariant states and thereby supports the observed complex time-dependent dynamics in inclined layer convection.

It's well worth the time it takes to make. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U ovom radu prikazan je detaljan postupak mjerenja količine vode u sastavnom dijelu papirnog stroja-filcu. Mjerenje je vršeno uređajem koji koristi mikrovalove kako bi utvrdio količinu vode i, uz pomoć operatera, dao detaljan opis profila vode u filcu. Uz poznavanje utjecajnih faktora koji imaju utjecaja u press sekciji i dobivenih rezultata, operater može dati trenutnu dijagnozu rada stroja i kvalitete papira, koje u konačnici mogu dovesti do velikih ušteda prevencijom. Iako bitnu ulogu u kvaliteti papira ima formirajući dio, koji odvaja vodu od celuloznih vlakana silom gravitacije, i sušna grupa, koja odvodi vodu termodinamičkom obradom, press sekcija koristi silu dovedenu ljudskom rukom i baš zato postoji najveća opasnost za odstupanja. Iz tog razloga press sekcija je dio stroja pod posebnim povećalom i njenim pravilnim održavanjem tvornica može ostvariti velike uštede. This thesis shows a detailed process of water content measurement in a key element of a paper machine- the felt. The measuring was carried out with a device that uses microwaves to determen the amount of water and, with the help of an opeator, give a detailed result of the water profile in the felt. By knowing the influencing factors which have an affect in the press section and by useing the results gained, the operator can give an instaintaneous diagnosis of the inner working of the paper machine and the paper quality, both of which can in tern lead to big savings if prevented. Even though the forming section, which separates water from the cellulose fibers via gravity, and the drying section, which removes water from the paper through heat, both play a big role in the papermaking process, the press section uses instruments made available by humans and thus it represents the biggest threat for the qulality of the process. Because of those reasons, the press section is in the spotlight of maintenace teams, and by keeping the press seciton in line, massive savings can be achieved.

The research on the possibility of unification of piercing and reeling mills rolls for screw rolling for both decreasing and increasing the diameter of crude pipes was conducted. In the result the possibility was confirmed. The technology of wide range of sizes “140” pipe-rolling plant 156 mm diameter continuous casting pipe production was developed to use one roll design on piercing mill and one roll design on reeling mill instead of two roll designs for each therefore decreasing the amount of sizing mills grooves.

Christmas Morning Rolls 1pkg. butterscotch pudding mix (not instant) ½ c. butter ¾ c. brown sugar ½ c. nuts [Nuts, however, can be removed to taste] 18-24 Rhodes frozen dinner rolls Grease pan. Arrange rolls in pain loosely. Sprinkle pudding over rolls. Cook butter, brown sugar and nuts till sugars dissolved. Pour sugar mixture over rolls. Cover w/tin foil. Let stand on counter over night. [on reverse side of recipe]: Christmas Morning bake 350 for 30 min. Move it immediately into a deep dish. Don’t get burned! Merry Christmas

It was Thanksgiving 2010, and we were driving to my mother in-law's to celebrate. I started to think about the good food that we would be enjoying, but debated whether or not to even bother trying to eat a roll. I finally explained to my husband as we drove, that I had had several experiences where I had had his mother's rolls and found a piece of her hair in it. After we arrived, and assembled our plates of food, I left my plate for a minute to help my kids with one thing or another. I came back to start eating and saw a very convincing tiny pile of hair sitting on the top of my roll. I literally said out loud "You have got to be kidding me! What are the odds!?" My husband was busting a gut, and the rest of our family, including my mother in-law, all asked with great concern what was wrong. I brushed it off, and a few minutes later my husband discreetly admitted that he had pulled some hair from the head of our daughter's new Rapunzel doll to torment me. I'll admit, he got me good!

The stability of the Rayleigh-Benard-Poiseuille flow in a channel with large transverse aspect ratio (ratio of width to vertical channel height) is studied experimentally. The onset of thermal convection in the form of 'transverse rolls' (rolls with axes perpendicular to the Poiscuille flow direction) is determined in the Reynolds-Rayleigh number plane for two different working fluids: water and mineral oil with Prandtl numbers of approximately 6.5 and 450, respectively. By analysing experimental realizations of the system Impulse response it is demonstrated that the observed onset of transverse rolls corresponds to their transition from convective to absolute instability. Finally, the system response to localized patches of supercriticality (in practice local 'hot spots') is observed and compared with analytical and numerical results of Martinand, Carriere & Monkewitz (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 502, 2004, p. 175 and vol. 551, 2006, p. 275). The experimentally observed two-dimensional saturated global modes associated with these patches appear to be of the 'steep' variety, analogous to the one-dimensional steep nonlinear modes of Pier, Huerre & Chomaz (Physica D, vol. 148, 2001, p. 49).

Al llarg de les tres primeres dècades del segle XX la pianola va representar un autèntic fenomen de masses. La seva història, avui oblidada, ens apropa al naixement de les grans indústries musicals, a la difusió massiva de música enregistrada i al canvi de paradigma que implicà el fet de disposar de la música desitjada en el moment escollit. Aquesta tesi planteja una aproximació al fenomen des de diversos punts de vista. En primer lloc presentem un apropament històric a la pianola fent especial èmfasi en el binomi entre les diverses tecnologies associades a l’instrument i l’ús social que d’elles se’n desprèn. L’estudi dels dos principals sistemes de reproducció dels rotlles de pianola ens permet conèixer uns mercats, unes estètiques i unes actituds que són part del substrat sobre el qual avui conceptualitzem les activitats musicals contemporànies, pràcticament totes vinculades a la relació entre producte i mercat. En segon lloc, i com a conseqüència lògica del que s’exposa al primer capítol, presentem una radiografia sobre la dimensió social del fenomen, endinsant-nos en els discursos mediàtics i les estratègies de màrqueting de les principals empreses del sector, però també en la seva presència a la premsa escrita. El capítol tercer se centra en l’activitat de la indústria de la pianola a Catalunya, activitat liderada de manera indiscutible per l’empresa Rollos Victoria de la Garriga. Les recerques portades a terme en aquest terreny no només han permès documentar qüestions inèdites del passat de la nostra indústria musical ―una indústria d’un abast sorprenent― sinó també localitzar obres inèdites en rotlles de pianola de compositors com Manuel Blancafort, Frederic Mompou o Joaquín Rodrigo. En el decurs del treball, la rellevància d’aquestes troballes, així com la constatació del fet que estàvem obrint un camp d’estudi tant prometedor com desatès per la musicologia, va fer obvia la necessitat de disposar d’un sistema de digitalització especialitzat per a rotlles de pianola. El capítol quart de la tesi, descriu el procés de col·laboració amb diversos equips d’enginyeria fins a arribar a l’obtenció d’aquest sistema amb el qual, actualment, podem plantejar projectes de preservació d’aquest suport sonor. Aquest quart capítol, per tant, és el testimoni d’un procés vers l’obtenció de models de tecnologia aplicada a la preservació d’arxius sonors, un camp indiscutiblement necessari per a la disciplina musicològica. Gràcies als projectes de digitalització engegats durant l’elaboració de la tesi, s’han pogut explotar algunes eines per a l’anàlisi gràfica dels rotlles, eines que es mostren en el capítol cinquè, on, a partir dels materials digitalitzats, es presenten algunes propostes per a l’anàlisi de paràmetres musicals específics. Finalment, el sisè i darrer capítol es val de les eines analítiques proposades en el capítol precedent per a desgranar alguns elements d’interès sobre les troballes més rellevants sorgides de les recerques vinculades a la tesi., During the first three decades of the twentieth century the player piano represented a true mass phenomenon. Its history, now forgotten, talks to us about the birth of the great music industries, the beginnings of the mass distribution of recorded music and the paradigm shift that implies being able to have a particular music in the desired moment. This thesis presents an approach to the player piano phenomenon from various points of view. First we present an historical approach to the player piano emphasizing on the relations between the various technologies associated with the instrument and its social use. The study of the two main systems (player pianos and reproducing pianos) allows us to know about particular intentions, about aesthetics and attitudes that are part of the substrate on which today we conceptualize contemporary musical activities, most of them related to the relationship between product and market. Secondly, and as a logical consequence of that is exposed to the first chapter, we present an overview of the social dimension of the phenomenon, getting into the media discourses, marketing strategies of the major companies and its presence in the press. The third chapter focuses on the activities of the industry in Catalonia, activity led by Rollos Victoria of la Garriga. The research conducted in this area has led not only to document the past of our music industry –surprisingly powerful– but also locate unpublished works by composers Manuel Blancafort, Frederic Mompou and Joaquín Rodrigo. The relevance of these findings, as well as the fact that we were opening a field nearly ignored by musicology, made obvious the need for a specialized scanning system for player piano rolls. The fourth chapter of the thesis describes the process of collaboration with various engineering teams to achieve that system. This fourth chapter, therefore, is the testimony of a process towards obtaining models of technology applied to the preservation of sound files, an interesting field for musicology. Thanks to digitization projects started during the thesis we have been able to work with some tools for graphical analysis of the rolls, tools that are presented in the fifth chapter, where, from the digitized materials we include some proposals for the analysis of specific musical parameters. Finally, the sixth and final chapter uses these analytical tools proposed in the previous chapter to enumerate some interesting elements about the most important findings emerged from the research related to the thesis.

For low-temperature hardening of the instrument, details of machines the temperature-controlled nitrogen cryostat with built-in high-temperature thermoisolated containerholder of instrument or details is created, and for temperature control of a surface of rolls of the rolling mill is created cryo set-up of forced gas cooling of rolls by nitrogen gas-fluid mixture.

International audience; Hot rolling of stainless steel is one of the most important steps in manufacturing process regarding surface quality of the product. Stabilised ferritic stainless steels are widely used in automotive and cosmetic appliances but are also concerned by sticking phenomenon. These grades, having high dry corrosion and creep resistance, are enriched in specific chemical elements such as Cr, Nb or Ti, limiting also slab oxidation during hot rolling. Nevertheless, the mastered oxidation of slab surface is a way to protect metal surface from direct contact with rolls. In order to better understand initiation of sticking, a first campaign was based on topography and rolls surface state wear analysis. This study revealed that sticking initiation is not due to the presence of roll scratches which depth is higher than oxide layer thickness. Indeed, the probability that roll scratches are deeper than oxide layer thickness is very low. In a second time, a pilot was designed, reproducing tribological conditions of a roll bite, to better understand mechanisms that initiate sticking. Keeping in mind the importance of rolls and slab surface state, this pilot is able to use specimen taking from industrial products, having the original oxide layer surface. This second study highlighted the major role of silicon oxides on scale adherence and the high heterogeneity of this scale layer in thickness and in chemical composition

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) suspensions are not easily coatable because of their excessively high viscosity and yield stress, even at low solids concentrations. In addition, CNF suspensions vary widely in their properties depending on the production process used, which can affect their processability. This work reports roll-to-roll coating of three different types of CNF suspensions with a slot-die, and the influence of rheology and water retention on coatability is addressed. The impact of CMC addition on the high and low shear rate rheology, water retention, coatability, and final coating quality of these suspensions is reported. All three CNF suspensions were coated successfully using the slot-die coating process. CMC addition further improved the coatability by positively influencing both the low and high shear rate viscosity and water retention of the CNF suspensions. All CNF coatings significantly improved the air, heptane vapor, grease and oil barrier, while reducing the water vapor transmission rate to some extent. © 2017 The Authors. Published by College of Natural Resources

The cast-iron rolls must present higher hardness at the rolling surface and lower in the core and the necks, adequate with mechanical resistance and in the high work temperature. If in the zone of the rolling surface, the hardness is guarantied by the irons structure, through the cementite quantities, the core of rolls must contain graphite, to assure this property. Starting from the lamination equipments aspects, from the form of rolls, of the technological interest zones and the structure, which assures the exploitation property, it was establish, through modeling, to the mathematical description of a direct influences, and in final, through successive determinations, to an optimum. One of the parameters, which are determined the structure of the irons destined for rolls casting, is the chemical composition, which guaranties the exploitation properties of the each roll in the stand of rolling mill. The realization of optimum chemical compositions of the cast-iron can constitute a technical efficient way to assure the exploitation properties, the material from which the rolling mills rolls are manufactured having an important role in this sense. Although the manufacture of rolls is in continuously perfecting, the requirements for superior quality rolls are not yet completely satisfied, in many cases, the absence of quality rolls preventing the realization of quality laminates or the realization of productivities of which rolling mills are capable. This paper presents an analysis of the main alloying elements from chemical composition, the influences upon the mechanical properties of the cast-iron rolls, and presents also some graphical addenda. Using the Matlab calculation and graphical programs we determinate some correlations between the hardness (on the working surface and on necks) and the chemical composition. Using the double and triple correlations is really helpful in the foundry practice, as it allows us to determine variation boundaries for the chemical composition, in view the obtaining the desired and optimal values of the hardness of this very important metallurgical equipments. The enunciation of some mathematically modeling results, described through a number of multi-component equations determined for the spaces with 3 the and 4 dimensions, as well as the generation of some regression surfaces, of some curves of levels and volumes of variation, can be represented and interpreted by technologists and can be considerate diagrams of correlation between the analyzed variables. From this point of view the research is inscribes in context of scientific capitalization of the process and the industrial technologies optimizations, on the way of the analysis and the mathematical experiment.Los cilindros o rodillos de laminación de función deben presentar una dureza más alta en su superficie y menor en el núcleo y el cuello del cilindro, adecuados a la resistencia mecánica y a la alta temperatura de trabajo. Si en la zona de la superficie de rodillo, la dureza se garantiza por las cementita existente en la estructura, el núcleo del cilindro debe tener grafito para asegurar la característica deseada. A partir de consideraciones sobre los equipos de la laminación, forma de los cilindros de laminación, zonas tecnológicas del interés y de la estructura, que asegura la característica de la explotación, se estableció un modelo que da una descripción matemática de las influencias directas y, finalmente, mediante determinaciones sucesivas, permite establecer un óptimo. Uno de los parámetros, que determinan la estructura del material de los cilindros de laminación es su composición química, que garantiza las características de la explotación de cada cilindro en el laminador. El empleo de las composiciones químicas de colada, óptimas, puede ser una manera técnicamente eficiente de asegurar las características de la explotación; el material de fabricación de los cilindros juega un papel importante. Aunque la fabricación de cilindros es objeto de una mejora continua, los requisitos de la máxima calidad de los cilindros no se cumplen totalmente, en muchos casos, lo que impide la obtención de la calidad que podría obtenerse si dicha calidad de los cilindros fuera la adecuada En este trabajo, se analiza la influencia de los principales elementos de aleación en las características mecánicas de los rodillos con una addenda gráfica. Empleando Matlab como herramienta de cálculo, los programas gráficos permiten establecer algunas correlaciones entre la dureza (en la superficie y cuello de los cilindros) y la composición química. El empleo de correlaciones dobles y triples es realmente provechoso en la práctica de la fundición, pues permite la determinación de los límites de la variación admisible en la composición química para la obtención de los valores deseados y los óptimos de la dureza de estos importantes equipos metalúrgicos. El enunciado de algunos resultados, obtenidos matemáticamente del modelo, descrito con un número de ecuaciones multi-componente determinadas para los espacios de 3 y 4 dimensiones, así como la generación de algunas superficies de regresión de curvas de niveles y de volúmenes de variación, se pueden representar e interpretar por los tecnólogos y se pueden considerar como los diagramas de la correlación entre las variables analizadas. Desde este punto de vista, la investigación se inscribe en el contexto de una capitalización científica del proceso y de optimización de las tecnologías industriales, como vía de análisis y experimentación matemáticas.

Measurements of graphite have been studied for thermal white cast iron samples, where data from thermal analysis has been compared to graphite contents measured in light optical microscope. Data from the thermal analysis gives random outcome and is therefore not suitable as a measurement of graphite content in white cast iron. The reason for this is the low amount of graphite in white cast iron. Furthermore, the sampling for the thermal analysis must be performed at comparable temperatures in order to provide usable data.Sampling from thermal analysis for nodular cast iron has been compared to samples taken from the rollpin on finished rolls. The result indicates that the thermal analysis samples have a lower amount of graphite compared to the finished rolls. The reason for this is that the thermal analysis samples cool faster than the finished rolls, which are larger and demand longer cooling time. Validerat; 20151221 (global_studentproject_submitter)

Рассмотрен способ прогнозирования и управления качественными характеристиками прокатных валков в технологии их производства путем использования композиции пассивного и активного экспериментов., Розглянуто спосіб прогнозування та керування якісними характеристиками прокатних валків у технології їх виробництва шляхом використання композиції пасивного та активного експериментів., There are various methods of isolation, passive and active experimentation. The first of which is based on the formation of prediction models based on ana League investigated the background of technology in her work area, and the second — to study the mathematical model, based on the analysis of the interaction process variables that can quantitatively dominate the upper and lower level workspace. For example, using the method of passive experiment investigated the polymerization process in the factory. Based on the statistics of recent years were obtained regression equation, where the objective function performed viscosity product as well as arguments were: degree of conversion, the number of controlled reagent and reaction time. All this information enables passive experiment is important to monitor and control the quality of the finished product, but it is clearly insufficient for process control at the level where the process variables are outside the workspace.The closest to the proposed method is active experiment, which used a matrix planning to identify factors that have a dominant effect on the rate of chlorination of titanium slag melt.The disadvantages of passive experiment is to create the forecast model, which is based only on an analysis of the background using a particular technology, where variables are only of value obtained in the work area or close to them. The disadvantages of the active experiment based on the method of planning, is the choice of variables and their upper and lower levels as close to the work area, excluding the study those values that are outside still not used. These shortcomings restrict the scope of applicability of these methods in solving problems of prediction and control of quality characteristics iron which projected only in the workspace.The basis of this work is the task of improving the method of prediction and control of quality characteristics rolls in their production technology, which as a result of composition. passive and active experimentation becomes possible to predict their mechanical properties not only within the workspace, but also abroad.

Paper with demanding technical properties is formed in the press of the paper machine when the paper pulp is passed between the rolls. In order to form paper in the appropriate manner, an elastic lining with particular stiffness is spread over the rolls. In this study a practical example of how softer linings generally give better results concerning the percentage of the dry part and the paper structure is presented. From the rubber roll manufacturers' point of view, the weak side of soft linings lies in greater deformations, which present difficulties in obtaining good adhesion between the lining and metal core of the roll. Only the best manufacturers in the industry can match such high demands.

При вальцевой формовке заготовки для труб большого диаметра вся работа деформации реализуется силами трения, которые передают штрипсу энергию привода через поверхность контактного взаимодействия с валками. Для характерной в процессе формовки специфики контактной границы чисто обработанного и закаленного валка с поверхностью заготовки, покрытой слоем вторичной окалины, в литературе практически отсутствуют данные по коэффициентам трения в таких условиях. Поскольку активные силы трения определяют ресурс деформационных возможностей процесса без пробуксовки валков относительно штрипса, достоверные данные о силах трения необходимы для расчета технологических режимов и оценки нагрузок на элементы трансмиссии. В статье представлены экспериментальные материалы по определению коэффициента трения, полученные в условиях, максимально приближенных к условиям формовки трубной заготовки на трехвалковой гибочной машине. Приведены методика проведения эксперимента, описание лабораторной установки с необходимыми средствами измерения. Выполнена оценка влияния основных технологических факторов на величину коэффициента трения. In roller molding of blanks for large diameter pipes all the work of deformation is realized by friction forces that transmit the drive power to the strip across the surface of the contact interaction with the rolls. In a typical process of forming the specificity of the contact boundary is the contact between clean polished surface of tempered roll with a roller surface of the workpiece coated with a layer of mill scale. Almost no data are available in the literature on the coefficients of friction in such conditions. Since the active forces of friction determine the resource of expansion process capability without slipping of rolls relative to strip, reliable data on the frictional forces are required for calculation of technological regimes and evaluation of loads on the elements of transmission. The paper presents experimental data on determination of the coefficient of friction obtained under conditions as close as possible to the conditions of forming pipe billets on a triple roll bending machine. Experimental technique and the description of the laboratory setup with the necessary means of measurement are described. The impact of major technological factors on the coefficient of friction is estimated. Ильичев Владимир Гаврилович, канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры машин и технологий обработки материалов давлением, Южно-Уральский государственный университет; заведующий лабораторией труб большого диаметра, ОАО «Российский научно-исследовательский институт трубной промышленности», г. Челябинск; ilichevvg@susu.ac.ru. Залавин Яков Евгеньевич, аспирант кафедры машин и технологий обработки материалов давлением, Южно-Уральский государственный университет; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории труб большого диаметра, ОАО «Российский научно-исследовательский институт трубной промышленности», г. Челябинск; zalavin@rosniti.ru. V.G. Il'ichev, South Ural State University; JSC “Russian Research Institute of the Tube and Pipe Industries” (RosNITI), Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation; ilichevvg@susu.ac.ru, Ya.E. Zalavin, South Ural State University; JSC “Russian Research Institute of the Tube and Pipe Industries” (RosNITI), Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation; zalavin@rosniti.ru

The main conclusion that can be drawn from analytical review is that the existing models and methods for evaluating the mechanical properties of rolls using nondestructive control methods give results of the forecast, which may not always meet the requirements. One of the ways to address the problem of evaluating the mechanical properties of metal rolls is the development and study of evaluating for rapid determination of these properties, the implementation of which in the factory will help improve the parameters of the technology., Главный вывод, который можно сделать из аналитического обзора, заключается в том, что существующие модели и способы оценки механических свойств прокатных валков с помощью неразрушающих методов контроля дают результаты прогноза, которые не всегда могут удовлетворять предъявляемым требованиям. Одним из решений проблемы оценки механических свойств металлических валков является разработка и исследование экспресс-методики для оперативного определения этих свойств, реализация которой в заводских условиях позволит добиться улучшения параметров технологии., Головний висновок, що можна зробити з аналітичного огляду, полягає в тому, що існуючі моделі та способи оцінки механічних властивостей прокатних валків за допомогою неруйнівних методів контролю дають результати прогнозу, котрі не завжди задовольняють висунутим вимогам. Одним із вирішень проблеми оцінки механічних властивостей металевих валків є розробка і дослідження експрес-методики для оперативного визначення цих властивостей, реалізація якої в заводських умовах дозволить досягти поліпшення параметрів технології.

В статті розглянуто ефективність використання котлів із верхнім горінням. В Україні виробляються теплогенератори з повітряним теплоносієм для спалювання соломи, які можна агрегатувати з сушарками та використовувати для опалення теплиць й виробничих приміщень, водонагрівальні котли для обігріву виробничих приміщень та соціально-культурних об’єктів, котли-теплогенератори для спалювання відходів деревообробки. Проте при спалюванні рослинної біомаси виникають деякі труднощі, пов’язані із неоднорідністю біомаси, як палива; відносно високою вологістю, малим питомим енерговмістом, низькою температурою плавлення золи. Крім того, не вирішені питання дрібнотоварного спалювання соломи. Пропоновані котли мають розподільник повітря, що забезпечує надходження повітря в дві області котла, зону утворення генераторного газу та зону його горіння. Ефективність пропонованих котлів із верхнім горіннямза рахунок використання дешевшого палива вища ніж у котлів, що працюють на природному газу та за рахунок підвищення ефективності спалювання палива вище ніж у традиційних котлів, що працюють на соломі. Крім того, пропоновані котли придатні для дрібнотоварного спалювання соломи., In article efficiency boilers with upper combustion. In Ukraine produced heat generators, air-cooled for straw that can dryer and used for heating greenhouses and industrial premises, water-heating boilers for heating industrial premises, social and cultural facilities, boilers, heat generators for burning waste wood. However, the combustion of biomass having some difficulties related to the heterogeneity of biomass as fuel; relatively high humidity, low specific, low ash melting point. In addition, issues remain small-scale straw. Featured boilers have air distributor, providing the flow of air in two areas of the boiler, generator gas formation zone and a zone of burning. The effectiveness of the proposed boilers with upper combustion through the use of less expensive fuel is higher than boilers that run on natural gas, and by improving the efficiency of fuel combustion higher than traditional boilers straw. Also offered are suitable for small-scale boilers burning straw.

Исследования показали, что деформируемость круглых отверстий увеличивается с возрастанием углов подгибки, толщины металла, уменьшением ширины подгибаемых полок и величины перемычки между отверстиями. Величина отклонения в размерах отверстий по сравнению с исходными составляет 0,07-1,08% у уголковых профилей и 0,07-3,20% у швеллерных. В работе установлено, что при формовке перфорированных профилей по жестким режимам происходит многократное возрастание деформирования отверстий Studies have shown that circular holes formability increases with increasing of bending angles, metal thickness, decreasing of the bent shelves width and magnitude of the bridges between the holes. The magnitude of sizes variance of holes varies from baseline up to 0,07-1,08% for angled profiles and 0,07-3,20% for U-sections. It is found in the paper that by forming of perforated profiles by hard modes causes significant increase in holes deformation

Hot rolling of stainless steel is one of the most important steps in manufacturing process regarding surface quality of the product. Stabilised ferritic stainless steels are widely used in automotive and cosmetic appliances but are also concerned by sticking phenomenon. These grades, having high dry corrosion and creep resistance, are enriched in specific chemical elements such as Cr, Nb or Ti, limiting also slab oxidation during hot rolling. Nevertheless, the mastered oxidation of slab surface is a way to protect metal surface from direct contact with rolls.In order to better understand initiation of sticking, a first campaign was based on topography and rolls surface state wear analysis. This study revealed that sticking initiation is not due to the presence of roll scratches which depth is higher than oxide layer thickness. Indeed, the probability that roll scratches are deeper than oxide layer thickness is very low.In a second time, a pilot was designed, reproducing tribological conditions of a roll bite, to better understand mechanisms that initiate sticking. Keeping in mind the importance of rolls and slab surface state, this pilot is able to use specimen taking from industrial products, having the original oxide layer surface. This second study highlighted the major role of silicium oxides on scale adherence and the high heterogeneity of this scale layer in thickness and in chemical composition.; Le laminage à chaud de l’acier inoxydable est une étape du procédé de fabrication agissant significativement sur la qualité de surface des produits. Les nuances ferritiques stabilisées sont largement utilisées dans les applications automobiles et de décoration mais sont concernées par le phénomène de collage à chaud. Ces nuances, ayant des résistances élevées en corrosion sèche et en fluage, sont riches en éléments tels que le Cr, le Nb ou le Ti, limitant aussi l’oxydation des brames lors du laminage. Or, l’oxydation maitrisée de la brame permet de protéger la surface du métal de tout contact direct avec les cylindres de laminage.Afin de comprendre l’initiation du collage, une première campagne d’étude sur la topographie et la dégradation de l’état de surface des cylindres a été réalisée. Il a été mis en évidence que l’initiation du collage ne serait pas du à des rayures d’usure en surface des cylindres et dont la profondeur serait supérieure à la couche d’oxyde, car la probabilité que la profondeur d’une rayure de cylindre soit plus importante que la couche d’oxyde est très faible.Ensuite, un banc d’essai reproduisant les conditions tribologiques de l’emprise du laminoir a été conçu afin de mieux appréhender les mécanismes à l’origine du collage. Etant donné l’importance de l’état de surface des brames et des cylindres, ce banc d’essai a permis de travailler sur des échantillons pris en production, permettant d’étudier la surface oxydée des tôles. Cette deuxième campagne d’étude a mis en évidence l’importance des oxydes de silicium sur l’adhérence partielle de la couche d’oxyde, ainsi que la relative hétérogénéité en épaisseur et en composition chimique.