121 results on '"organ perfusion"'
Search Results
102. Ex vivo perfusion of the swine heart as a method for pre-transplant assessment
- Author
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S Germscheid, Darren H. Freed, P White, P. Mundt, Ganghong Tian, S. Colah, Ayyaz Ali, Stephen R. Large, and Florian Falter
- Subjects
Cardiac function curve ,systolic blood pressure ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Extracorporeal Circulation ,organ donor ,Swine ,ex vivo study ,hematocrit ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Myocardial Reperfusion ,Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ,electrolyte ,Risk Assessment ,animal tissue ,heart preload ,heart function ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Animals ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Heart transplantation ,business.industry ,cost effectiveness analysis ,Extracorporeal circulation ,Heart ,General Medicine ,Organ Preservation ,Tissue Donors ,reperfusion ,Cardiovascular physiology ,Transplantation ,Perfusion ,preoperative evaluation ,Preload ,Circulatory system ,Cardiology ,Heart Transplantation ,blood gas ,organ perfusion ,heart ventricle pressure ,brain stem ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Safety Research - Abstract
We describe a cost-effective, reproducible circuit in a porcine, ex vivo, continuous warm-blood, bi-ventricular, working heart model that has future possibilities for pre-transplant assessment of marginal hearts donated from brain stem dead donors and hearts donated after circulatory determination of death (DCDD). In five consecutive experiments over five days, pressure volume loops were performed. During working mode, the left ventricular end systolic pressure volume relationship (LV ESPVR) was 23.1±11.1 mmHg/ml and the LV preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) was 67.8±7.2. (Standard PVAN analysis software) (Millar Instruments, Houston, TX, USA) All five hearts were perfused for 219±64 minutes and regained normal cardiac function on the perfusion system.They displayed a significant upward and leftward shift of the end systolic pressure volume relationship, a significant increase in preload recruitable stroke work and minimal stiffness. These hearts could potentially be considered for transplantation. The circuit was effective during reperfusion and working modes whilst proving to be successful in maintaining cardiac function in excess of four hours. Using an autologous prime of approximately 20% haematocrit (Hct), electrolytes and blood gases were easy to control within this period using standard perfusion techniques.
- Published
- 2012
103. Improving Detection of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.
- Author
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McCullough, Peter A., Mehta, Ankit, and Szerlip, Harold
- Subjects
- *
CARDIAC surgery , *KIDNEY injuries , *CARDIOPULMONARY bypass , *BIOMARKERS , *KIDNEY tubules , *EPITHELIAL cells , *URINALYSIS - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. Melanoma cell destruction in the microvasculature of perfused hearts is reduced by pretreatment with vitamin E
- Author
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Albertsson, Per A., Nannmark, Ulf, and Johansson, Bengt R.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Die kontrollierte Hypotension
- Author
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Larsen, R. and Kleinschmidt, S.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. Calcium depletion reduces the destruction of fibrosarcoma cells in the microvasculature of artificially perfused rat hearts
- Author
-
Nannmark, U., Johansson, B. R., and Bagge, U.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. The microcirculation in critically-ill patients
- Abstract
SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2007
108. The microcirculation in critically-ill patients
- Abstract
SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2007
109. Das Herz-Kreislaufsystem während des Kapnoperitoneums
- Author
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Junghans, Tido, Becker, and Bruch
- Subjects
Laparoskopie ,hemodynamic ,Pneumoperitoneum ,Organperfusion ,laparoscopy ,610 Medizin ,ddc:610 ,organ perfusion ,33 Medizin ,Hämodynamik ,YC 4900 - Abstract
Aus vielen experimentellen und klinischen Studien geht hervor, dass ein Kapnoperitoneum zu charakteristischen Kreislaufveränderungen führt. Danach kommt es durch die Insufflation eines Gases in die Peritonealhöhle zu einer Erhöhung des intraperitonealen Druckes und zu einer Zunahme sowohl des peripheren venösen Druckes als auch des intrathorakalen Druckes. Insgesamt nimmt der Druckgradient zwischen diesen beiden Drücken ab. Als Folge wird der venöse Rückstrom zum Herzen reduziert, wodurch wiederum das Blutangebot für das Herz, welches die kardiale Vorlast wesentlich bestimmt, vermindert wird. Konsekutiv führt das letztlich zu einer Abnahme des Herzschlag- und des Herzminutenvolumens. Das verminderte Herzschlagvolumen wird von den arteriellen Barorezeptoren registriert, wodurch eine Stimulation des Sympathikus ausgelöst wird. Als Kompensationsmechanismus steigen die Herzfrequenz, in vielen Studien der mittlere arterielle Druck und der systemische Gefäßwiderstand. Als hormonelle Regulation wird Vasopressin ausgeschüttet. Der Anstieg dieser Drücke bedeutet eine Zunahme der kardialen Nachlast, was die kardiale Belastung weiter erhöht. Am gesunden Herzen wird die myokardiale Kontraktilität durch das Kapnoperitoneum nicht beeinflusst. An einem komplexen Tiermodell an 43 Läuferschweinen sollte überprüft werden, ob eine gezielte Erhöhung der kardialen Vorlast durch kolloidale Volumenersatzmittel, eine partielle Blockade der sympathikotonen Reaktionen durch den selektiven ß-Blocker Esmolol oder eine gezielte Senkung der kardialen Nachlast durch den Vasodilatator Nitroprussidnatrium geeignet sind, die negativen Auswirkungen des Kapnoperitoneums zu vermindern und die Herz-Kreislauffunktion bei laparoskopischen Operationen zu verbessern. Weil bekannt ist, dass die Körperposition eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ausprägung der physiologischen Veränderungen spielt, sollten die Tiere in Gruppen entweder in Horizontal-, Kopfhoch- oder Kopftieflage untersucht werden. Das ist von besonderer Bedeutung, weil viele laparoskopische Operationen zur Optimierung der Übersicht im Operationsgebiet eine Modifikation der Körperposition erfordern. Oberbaucheingriffe wie die Cholecystektomie werden vornehmlich in Kopfhochlage durchgeführt, während gynäkologische Laparoskopien in Kopftieflage stattfinden. Zur Vermeidung einer Hypovolämie erhielten die Tiere vor Beginn der Messungen 1l kristalloide Infusion. Die Untersuchungen ergaben, dass unter diesen Bedingungen ein Kapnoperitoneum von 14 mm Hg in Horizontallage ohne wesentliche Veränderungen der Herz- Kreislaufparameter toleriert wurde. Lediglich in Kopftief- und in Kopfhochlage war mit dem Intrathorakalen Blutvolumen ein wesentlicher Parameter der kardialen Vorlast vermindert und die Herzauswurfleistung mit dem Herzschlag- und Herzminutenvolumen reduziert, während die kardiale Nachlast mit dem peripheren systemischen Gefäßwiederstand erhöht war und die myokardiale Kontraktilität unverändert blieb. Damit kommt dem intrathorakalen Blutvolumen eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Eine Erhöhung des intrathorakalen Blutvolumens und damit der kardialen Vorlast verbesserte die Herzkreislauffunktion während des Kapnoperitoneums in allen Körperpositionen deutlich. Das äußerte sich in einer Steigerung des mittleren arteriellen Druckes, der im Normbereich blieb, einer Abnahme des systemischen Gefäßwiderstandes und einem Anstieg der Herzauswurfleistung. Die Esmolomedikation beeinträchtigte die Herzkreislauffunktion während des Kapnoperitoneums, indem sie die myokardiale Kontraktilität verschlechterte und die Herzfrequenz senkte mit der Folge, dass das Herzminutenvolumen abnahm. Die Senkung des mittleren arteriellen Druckes durch Nitroprussidnatrium verschlechterte ebenfalls in einigen Körperpositionen die myokardiale Kontraktilität und das Herzschlag- sowie das Herzminutenvolumen. Die beiden letztgenannten Konzepte können somit nicht generell zur Therapie hämodynamischer Effekte eines Kapnoperitoneums empfohlen werden. Entscheidende Bedeutung kommt einer Optimierung des intravasalen Volumens zu. Die Pfortader- und Nierendurchblutung wurden in diesem Modell durch das Kapnoperitoneum in keiner Körperposition relevant beeinträchtigt. Auch in der Literatur findet sich kein Hinweis auf eine durch ein Kapnoperitoneum induzierte dauerhafte Funktionsstörung von Leber oder Niere., A capnoperitoneum increases peripheral venous resistance as well as intrathoracic pressure thus compromising venous blood return to the heart which is determinded by the pressure gradient between peripheral and central venous pressure. With a decreased cardiac preload cardiac stroke volume and cardiac output are reduced. The reduction in stroke volume induces changes in the carotidal sinus activity followed by an increased sympathetic nerve activity. These effects were often expressed by an increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure, or peripheral systemic resistance. As a hormonal reaction to theses changes vasopressin release increases further elevating cardiac afterload. Changes of cardiac contractility were not described during capnoperitoneum. In a procine trial using 43 piglets the questions should be answered if an increase of cardiac preload by infusion of colloidal fluids, a partial blockade of sympathetic receptors by esmolol, or a reduction of the cardiac afterload by infusion of the vasodilatator nitroprussidnatrium can minimize hemodynamic changes during capnoperitoneum. Because the body position is known to influence hemodynamic parameters and has to be varied during laparoscopic procedures pigs were divided into three groups representing head-up, head-down, and supine position. To avoid hypovolemia before the measurements the animals received 1L cristal solutions intravenously before the beginning of the experiment. In supine position the animals tolerated a capnoperitoneum of 14 mm Hg without changes of hemodynamic parameters. In head-up as well as in head-down position the intrathoracic blood volume decraesed followed by a reduction of stroke volume and cardiac output and an increase of peripheral systemic resistance. Cardiac contractility remained unchanged during all positions. The increase of intrathoracic blood volume by colloidal infusion improved hemodynamic parameters during all body positions. Mean arterial pressure increasesd to normal ranges while the peripheral systemic resistance decreased and the cardiac output increased. The medication of esmolol had negative effects on hemodynamic function during capnoperitoneum because heart rate and myocardial contractility as well as cardiac output decreased. Medication of Nitroprussidnatrium during capnoperitoneum was also shown to partly compromise myocardial contractility and stroke volume as well as cardiac output so that both therapeutical concepts, medication of esmolol and nitroprussidnatrium failed to improve hemodynamic function during capnoperitoneum. Optimizing intravascular volume and cardiac preload is of major importance to avoid hemodynamic side effects of capnoperitoneum. The perfusion of the portal vein as well as the renal artery were not influenced in none position during a capnoperitoneum of 14 mm Hg in this trial. However, the review of the literature did not indicate any prolonged influences on hepatic or renal function induced by capnoperitoneum of pressures around 14 mm Hg.
- Published
- 2003
110. Das Herz-Kreislaufsystem während des Kapnoperitoneums
- Abstract
Aus vielen experimentellen und klinischen Studien geht hervor, dass ein Kapnoperitoneum zu charakteristischen Kreislaufveränderungen führt. Danach kommt es durch die Insufflation eines Gases in die Peritonealhöhle zu einer Erhöhung des intraperitonealen Druckes und zu einer Zunahme sowohl des peripheren venösen Druckes als auch des intrathorakalen Druckes. Insgesamt nimmt der Druckgradient zwischen diesen beiden Drücken ab. Als Folge wird der venöse Rückstrom zum Herzen reduziert, wodurch wiederum das Blutangebot für das Herz, welches die kardiale Vorlast wesentlich bestimmt, vermindert wird. Konsekutiv führt das letztlich zu einer Abnahme des Herzschlag- und des Herzminutenvolumens. Das verminderte Herzschlagvolumen wird von den arteriellen Barorezeptoren registriert, wodurch eine Stimulation des Sympathikus ausgelöst wird. Als Kompensationsmechanismus steigen die Herzfrequenz, in vielen Studien der mittlere arterielle Druck und der systemische Gefäßwiderstand. Als hormonelle Regulation wird Vasopressin ausgeschüttet. Der Anstieg dieser Drücke bedeutet eine Zunahme der kardialen Nachlast, was die kardiale Belastung weiter erhöht. Am gesunden Herzen wird die myokardiale Kontraktilität durch das Kapnoperitoneum nicht beeinflusst. An einem komplexen Tiermodell an 43 Läuferschweinen sollte überprüft werden, ob eine gezielte Erhöhung der kardialen Vorlast durch kolloidale Volumenersatzmittel, eine partielle Blockade der sympathikotonen Reaktionen durch den selektiven ß-Blocker Esmolol oder eine gezielte Senkung der kardialen Nachlast durch den Vasodilatator Nitroprussidnatrium geeignet sind, die negativen Auswirkungen des Kapnoperitoneums zu vermindern und die Herz-Kreislauffunktion bei laparoskopischen Operationen zu verbessern. Weil bekannt ist, dass die Körperposition eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ausprägung der physiologischen Veränderungen spielt, sollten die Tiere in Gruppen entweder in Horizontal-, Kopfhoch- oder Kopftieflage untersucht werden. Das ist von besonder, A capnoperitoneum increases peripheral venous resistance as well as intrathoracic pressure thus compromising venous blood return to the heart which is determinded by the pressure gradient between peripheral and central venous pressure. With a decreased cardiac preload cardiac stroke volume and cardiac output are reduced. The reduction in stroke volume induces changes in the carotidal sinus activity followed by an increased sympathetic nerve activity. These effects were often expressed by an increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure, or peripheral systemic resistance. As a hormonal reaction to theses changes vasopressin release increases further elevating cardiac afterload. Changes of cardiac contractility were not described during capnoperitoneum. In a procine trial using 43 piglets the questions should be answered if an increase of cardiac preload by infusion of colloidal fluids, a partial blockade of sympathetic receptors by esmolol, or a reduction of the cardiac afterload by infusion of the vasodilatator nitroprussidnatrium can minimize hemodynamic changes during capnoperitoneum. Because the body position is known to influence hemodynamic parameters and has to be varied during laparoscopic procedures pigs were divided into three groups representing head-up, head-down, and supine position. To avoid hypovolemia before the measurements the animals received 1L cristal solutions intravenously before the beginning of the experiment. In supine position the animals tolerated a capnoperitoneum of 14 mm Hg without changes of hemodynamic parameters. In head-up as well as in head-down position the intrathoracic blood volume decraesed followed by a reduction of stroke volume and cardiac output and an increase of peripheral systemic resistance. Cardiac contractility remained unchanged during all positions. The increase of intrathoracic blood volume by colloidal infusion improved hemodynamic parameters during all body positions. Mean arterial pressure increasesd to normal ra
- Published
- 2003
111. Das Herz-Kreislaufsystem während des Kapnoperitoneums
- Abstract
Aus vielen experimentellen und klinischen Studien geht hervor, dass ein Kapnoperitoneum zu charakteristischen Kreislaufveränderungen führt. Danach kommt es durch die Insufflation eines Gases in die Peritonealhöhle zu einer Erhöhung des intraperitonealen Druckes und zu einer Zunahme sowohl des peripheren venösen Druckes als auch des intrathorakalen Druckes. Insgesamt nimmt der Druckgradient zwischen diesen beiden Drücken ab. Als Folge wird der venöse Rückstrom zum Herzen reduziert, wodurch wiederum das Blutangebot für das Herz, welches die kardiale Vorlast wesentlich bestimmt, vermindert wird. Konsekutiv führt das letztlich zu einer Abnahme des Herzschlag- und des Herzminutenvolumens. Das verminderte Herzschlagvolumen wird von den arteriellen Barorezeptoren registriert, wodurch eine Stimulation des Sympathikus ausgelöst wird. Als Kompensationsmechanismus steigen die Herzfrequenz, in vielen Studien der mittlere arterielle Druck und der systemische Gefäßwiderstand. Als hormonelle Regulation wird Vasopressin ausgeschüttet. Der Anstieg dieser Drücke bedeutet eine Zunahme der kardialen Nachlast, was die kardiale Belastung weiter erhöht. Am gesunden Herzen wird die myokardiale Kontraktilität durch das Kapnoperitoneum nicht beeinflusst. An einem komplexen Tiermodell an 43 Läuferschweinen sollte überprüft werden, ob eine gezielte Erhöhung der kardialen Vorlast durch kolloidale Volumenersatzmittel, eine partielle Blockade der sympathikotonen Reaktionen durch den selektiven ß-Blocker Esmolol oder eine gezielte Senkung der kardialen Nachlast durch den Vasodilatator Nitroprussidnatrium geeignet sind, die negativen Auswirkungen des Kapnoperitoneums zu vermindern und die Herz-Kreislauffunktion bei laparoskopischen Operationen zu verbessern. Weil bekannt ist, dass die Körperposition eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ausprägung der physiologischen Veränderungen spielt, sollten die Tiere in Gruppen entweder in Horizontal-, Kopfhoch- oder Kopftieflage untersucht werden. Das ist von besonder, A capnoperitoneum increases peripheral venous resistance as well as intrathoracic pressure thus compromising venous blood return to the heart which is determinded by the pressure gradient between peripheral and central venous pressure. With a decreased cardiac preload cardiac stroke volume and cardiac output are reduced. The reduction in stroke volume induces changes in the carotidal sinus activity followed by an increased sympathetic nerve activity. These effects were often expressed by an increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure, or peripheral systemic resistance. As a hormonal reaction to theses changes vasopressin release increases further elevating cardiac afterload. Changes of cardiac contractility were not described during capnoperitoneum. In a procine trial using 43 piglets the questions should be answered if an increase of cardiac preload by infusion of colloidal fluids, a partial blockade of sympathetic receptors by esmolol, or a reduction of the cardiac afterload by infusion of the vasodilatator nitroprussidnatrium can minimize hemodynamic changes during capnoperitoneum. Because the body position is known to influence hemodynamic parameters and has to be varied during laparoscopic procedures pigs were divided into three groups representing head-up, head-down, and supine position. To avoid hypovolemia before the measurements the animals received 1L cristal solutions intravenously before the beginning of the experiment. In supine position the animals tolerated a capnoperitoneum of 14 mm Hg without changes of hemodynamic parameters. In head-up as well as in head-down position the intrathoracic blood volume decraesed followed by a reduction of stroke volume and cardiac output and an increase of peripheral systemic resistance. Cardiac contractility remained unchanged during all positions. The increase of intrathoracic blood volume by colloidal infusion improved hemodynamic parameters during all body positions. Mean arterial pressure increasesd to normal ra
- Published
- 2003
112. To Flow or Not to Flow: That Is the Question in This Chronic Aortic Dissection.
- Author
-
Patel, Kishan, Lindenbaum, Larry, Plambeck, Christopher J., Marla, Rammohan, Nicolosi, Alfred C., and Pagel, Paul S.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
113. Retrograde aortic and selective organ perfusion during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair
- Author
-
C J Kalkman, Michael J. Jacobs, P. de Haan, Dirk J. Veldman, Dink A. Legemate, B. A. J. M. de Mol, Other departments, and Faculteit der Geneeskunde
- Subjects
Adult ,Heart Bypass, Left ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Extracorporeal Circulation ,Kidney ,law.invention ,Constriction ,law ,Ischemia ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,Humans ,Heart bypass ,Prospective Studies ,Intraoperative Complications ,Aorta ,Aged ,Medicine(all) ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cardiopulmonary Bypass ,business.industry ,Abdominal aorta ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Thoracoabdominal aneurysm ,Surgery ,Organ perfusion ,Aortic Aneurysm ,Catheter ,Viscera ,Regional Blood Flow ,Cardiology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Paraplegia ,Perfusion - Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the possible prevention of renal and intestinal ischaemia during surgery of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) by use of retrograde and selective organ perfusion. Design: Prospective study. Materials: Thirty-three consecutive patients underwent TAAA repair, six of whom had a previous type B dissection: 14 patients (35%) had type I TAAA, 12 patients type II (32%), three patients type III (15%) and four patients type IV (18%). Mean age was 61 years (range 22–84 years). Methods: In patients with type I TAAA, retrograde aortic perfusion was performed by means of a left atrium femoral artery bypass or partial cardiopulmonary bypass. In type II, III and IV the same procedure was performed; however, following cross-clamping and opening of the abdominal aorta, the coeliac trunc, superior mesenteric and both renal arteries were selectively perfused with four Pruitt-catheters (9 Fr.), connected as an octopus to the extracorporal circulation. Results: All patients survived the surgical procedure. The minimal volume flow through each octopus catheter was 60 ml/min. Urine output was uninterrupted in all patients, irrespective of the aortic cross-clamp time. Only one patient (3%), who already had renal insufficiency, developed renal failure. Total in-hospital mortality was 15%, paraplegia occurred in 12%. Conclusion: Retrograde aortic and selective organ perfusion is a safe technique and can prevent ischaemic renal and intestinal damage during cross-clamping of the aorta in thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery.
- Published
- 1997
114. Effects of nitric oxide on blood flow distribution O2 extraction capabilities during endotoxic shock
- Abstract
SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 1997
115. Amyloid formation in human islets is enhanced by heparin and inhibited by heparinase.
- Author
-
Potter KJ, Werner I, Denroche HC, Montane J, Plesner A, Chen Y, Lei D, Soukhatcheva G, Warnock GL, Oberholzer J, Fraser PE, and Verchere CB
- Subjects
- Amyloid drug effects, Animals, Apoptosis drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental chemically induced, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental surgery, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Graft Rejection metabolism, Heparitin Sulfate metabolism, Humans, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide metabolism, Islets of Langerhans cytology, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation methods, Mice, Inbred NOD, Mice, SCID, Streptozocin adverse effects, Amyloid antagonists & inhibitors, Amyloid metabolism, Heparin pharmacology, Heparin Lyase pharmacology, Islets of Langerhans drug effects, Islets of Langerhans metabolism
- Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for patients with diabetes, but its long-term success is limited by many factors, including the formation of islet amyloid deposits. Heparin is employed in clinical islet transplantation to reduce clotting but also promotes fibrillization of amyloidogenic proteins. We hypothesized that heparin treatment of islets during pre-transplant culture may enhance amyloid formation leading to beta cell loss and graft dysfunction. Heparin promoted the fibrillization of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and enhanced its toxicity to INS-1 beta cells. Heparin increased amyloid deposition in cultured human islets, but surprisingly decreased islet cell apoptosis. Treatment of human islets with heparin prior to transplantation increased the likelihood of graft failure. Removal of islet heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, which localize with islet amyloid deposits in type 2 diabetes, by heparinase treatment decreased amyloid deposition and protected against islet cell death. These findings raise the possibility that pretransplant treatment of human islets with heparin could potentiate IAPP aggregation and amyloid formation and may be detrimental to subsequent graft function., (© Copyright 2015 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
116. Motility patterns of ex vivo intestine segments depend on perfusion mode.
- Author
-
Schreiber D, Jost V, Bischof M, Seebach K, Lammers WJ, Douglas R, and Schäfer KH
- Subjects
- Animals, Equipment Design, Female, In Vitro Techniques, Intestine, Small physiology, Male, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Perfusion instrumentation, Peristalsis drug effects, Pressure, Rats, Wistar, Software, Time Factors, Gastrointestinal Motility drug effects, Intestine, Small drug effects, Organ Preservation Solutions pharmacology, Perfusion methods
- Abstract
Aim: To evaluate and characterize motility patterns from small intestinal gut segments depending on different perfusion media and pressures., Methods: Experiments were carried out in a custom designed perfusion chamber system to validate and standardise the perfusion technique used. The perfusion chamber was built with a transparent front wall allowing for optical motility recordings and a custom made fastener to hold the intestinal segments. Experiments with different perfusion and storage media combined with different luminal pressures were carried out to evaluate the effects on rat small intestine motility. Software tools which enable the visualization and characterization of intestinal motility in response to different stimuli were used to evaluate the videotaped experiments. The data collected was presented in so called heatmaps thus providing a concise overview of form and strength of contractility patterns. Furthermore, the effect of different storage media on tissue quality was evaluated. Haematoxylin-Eosin stainings were used to compare tissue quality depending on storage and perfusion mode., Results: Intestinal motility is characterized by different repetitive motility patterns, depending on the actual situation of the gut. Different motility patterns could be recorded and characterized depending on the perfusion pressure and media used. We were able to describe at least three different repetitive patterns of intestinal motility in vitro. Patterns with an oral, anal and oro-anal propagation direction could be recorded. Each type of pattern finalized its movement with or without a subsequent distension of the wavefront. Motility patterns could clearly be distinguished in heatmap diagrams. Furthermore undirected motility could be observed. The quantity of the different patterns varies and is highly dependent on the perfusion medium used. Tissue preservation varies depending on the perfusion medium utilized, therefore media with a simple composition as Tyrode solution can only be recommended for short time experiments. The more complex media, MEM-HEPES medium and especially AQIX(®) RS-I tissue preservation reagent preserved the tissue much better during perfusion., Conclusion: Perfusion media have to be carefully chosen considering type and duration of the experiments. If excellent tissue quality is required, complex media are favorable. Perfusion pressure is also of great importance due to the fact that a minimum amount of luminal pressure seems to be necessary to trigger intestinal contractions.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
117. Direct markers of organ perfusion to guide fluid therapy: when to start, when to stop.
- Author
-
Veenstra G, Ince C, and Boerma EC
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Volume Determination methods, Blood Volume Determination standards, Fluid Therapy methods, Hemodynamics drug effects, Hemodynamics physiology, Humans, Microcirculation drug effects, Tissue Distribution drug effects, Tissue Distribution physiology, Fluid Therapy standards, Microcirculation physiology, Practice Guidelines as Topic standards
- Abstract
Up until now, the discussion in the literature as to the choice of fluids is almost completely restricted to the composition, with little to no attention paid to the importance of hemodynamic end points to achieve a desired optimal volume. The determination of fluid volume is left to the discretion of the attending physician with only surrogate markers as guidance the initiation and cessation of fluid therapy. In this article, we aim to discuss the available literature on existing clinical and experimental criteria for the initiation and cessation of fluid therapy. Furthermore, we present recent data that have become available after the introduction of direct in vivo microscopy of the microcirculation at the bedside, and discuss its potential influence on the existing paradigms and controversies in fluid therapy., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
118. The mesenterially perfused rat small intestine: A versatile approach for pharmacological testings.
- Author
-
Schreiber D, Klotz M, Laures K, Clasohm J, Bischof M, and Schäfer KH
- Subjects
- Anesthetics, Dissociative pharmacology, Anesthetics, Intravenous pharmacology, Animals, Female, Gastrointestinal Motility drug effects, Hypnotics and Sedatives pharmacology, In Vitro Techniques, Intestine, Small anatomy & histology, Ketamine pharmacology, Male, Perfusion, Phenobarbital pharmacology, Propofol pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Anesthetics pharmacology, Intestine, Small blood supply, Intestine, Small drug effects, Regional Blood Flow drug effects, Splanchnic Circulation drug effects, Splanchnic Circulation physiology
- Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds enter the body via several major natural gateways; i.e. the lung, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Drug application during surgical operations can lead to severe impairment of gastrointestinal motility, which can contribute to a paralytic ileus. Here we investigated an ex vivo perfused small intestine model that allows us to ascertain the influence of pharmaceuticals upon the gut. Corresponding segments from the proximal jejunum of adult rats were used. Their mesenteric arteries and veins were cannulated and the jejunal segment excised. The individual segments were placed in a custom designed perfusion chamber and perfusion performed through the intestinal lumen as well as the mesenteric superior artery. Three test drugs, which are commonly used in anesthesiology; i.e. pentobarbital, propofol and ketamine were administered via the blood vessels. Their effects upon gastrointestinal motility patterns were evaluated by optical measurements. Longitudinal and pendular movements were distinguishable and separately analyzed. Pharmacological effects of the individual substances could be investigated. Propofol (50-200 μg/ml) was found to decrease intestinal motility, especially longitudinal movements in a dose dependent manner. Pentobarbital decreased intestinal motility only at high concentrations, above 2.5 mg/ml. A dose of 2.5 mg/ml lead to an increase in longitudinal- and pendular movements in comparison to control, while ketamine (2.5-10 mg/ml) did not alter intestinal motility at all. Histological examination of the perfused segments revealed only minor changes in tissue morphology after perfusion. The perfusion approach shown here allows for the identification of compounds which interfere with gut motility in a highly sophisticated way. It is suitable for characterization of drug and dose specific changes in motility patterns and can be used in drug development and preclinical studies., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
119. In-situ-Perfusion und Konservierung der Abdominalorgane für Transplantationszwecke
- Author
-
Kretschmer, G. and Piza, F.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
120. 72-Hour perfusion of the isolated spleen at normothermia
- Author
-
Pabst, R. and Trepel, F.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
121. 超低左心機能合併患者の肩腱板断裂手術に対し全身麻酔で管理した1症例
- Author
-
Yasumoto, Kazumasa, Kushimoto, Kosuke, Aoki, Chihiro, and Yoshioka, Masami
- Subjects
Ohmの法則 ,体血管抵抗 ,systemic vascular resistance ,organ perfusion ,臓器灌流 ,Ohm's law - Abstract
Department of Anesthesiology, North Medical center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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