Search

The present study aims to investigate the effects of diabetes diagnosis and mastery on the frequency of light, moderate and vigorous physical activity, and to examine whether mastery moderates the relationships. Data from the National Survey of American Life (N = 766) were analyzed using ordered logistic regressions. Findings suggest that diagnosed diabetes is associated with lower frequency of light and moderate activity. Additionally, the interaction effects between mastery and diabetes diagnosis were found for the frequency of light activity. Overall, social workers could continue the efforts to enhance mastery in diabetes education among older African Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The motivational climate created by the athletic trainer in rehabilitation may be critical in influencing athletes’ intrinsic motivation and other psychosocial outcomes in the rehabilitation and the recovery processes. Objective: To examine intercollege athletes’ perceptions of the motivational climate in the rehabilitation setting. Specifically, examining if perceptions of the motivational climate can predict athletes’ levels of intrinsic motivation with rehabilitation as well as the relationship between perceptions of the motivational climate and athlete demographics (gender, starter status, athletic trainer gender, etc). Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive research. Setting: College sport team and athletic training center. Participants: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II intercollege athletes from one institution (n = 187; 125 males and 62 females). Main Outcome Measures: Paper-based survey measuring mastery and performance perceptions of the motivational climate in rehabilitation, athletes’ goal orientation in sport, and athletes’ levels of motivation in rehabilitation. Results: Perceptions of a performance climate were positively related to intrinsic motivation effort–improvement (effect size = 25.34%). Perceptions of a mastery climate were positively related to interest–enjoyment and perceived competence and negatively related to tension–pressure (effect size = 39.03%). In general, female athletes, as well as athletes with a female athletic trainer, had significantly higher perceptions of mastery motivational climate effort–improvement than male athletes and athletes with male athletic trainers. While male athletes and athletes with male athletic trainers had higher perceptions of intrateam member rivalry in rehabilitation. Conclusions: The athlete’s gender and goal orientation, as well as the gender of the athletic trainer creating the motivational climate, can influence whether the environment is perceived as more mastery or performance. The recovering athletes’ perceptions of the climate in rehabilitation can, in turn, affect their intrinsic motivation toward the therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minority stress model states that routine forms of discrimination are associated with adverse health consequences. Despite this well-supported association, there is a limited body of research applying this model for sexual minorities of colour. We utilise an intersectional approach to investigate how minority stress at the intersection of sexual and racial identities impacts psychological health outcomes. In the current study, we examine how various sources of minority stress (perceived stigma, internalised homophobia, and everyday discrimination) are associated with psychological health, through an indirect effect of mastery (Study 1) in addition to authenticity (Study 2) in two independent samples of sexual minorities of colour. Study 1 (n = 262) included sexual minorities of colour from Project STRIDE, and in Study 2, participants (n = 75) were recruited across several online platforms. Mediation analyses revealed that increased minority stressors, like discrimination, were significantly associated with a decrease in psychological health, through a decline in mastery. We did not find support for authenticity as a mediator. This study has important implications for understanding the experiences and health consequences for sexual minorities of colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although previous studies have shown a correlation between mastery, self-efficacy, and perceived social support among Chinese patients with advanced kidney disease, few studies have examined their relationship pathways. This study aimed to examine decisional control preference and the relationship between mastery, perceived social support, and self-efficacy among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 350 participants were investigated using Control Preference Scale, Personal Mastery Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Self-efficacy Scale. The mediating relationships were determined via structural equation modeling. Results showed that education and economic status were demographic factors influencing patients' decisional control preference. The model showed that mastery and self-efficacy had a direct effect on decisional control preference while perceived social support had an indirect effect mediated via mastery and self-efficacy. Therefore, improving self-efficacy can increase patient willingness to involve in medical decision-making. This study provides new interventions and future directions for promoting decisional control preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops a translation-conceptual resumption of the differences between the instinct to master and aspects of the death drive, based on Sigmund Freud and teachings by Jacques Lacan. Since Bemächtigungstrieb, term used by Freud, was translated both as "pulsão de dominação" and "pulsão de apoderamento" in Portuguese, the texts argues that the latter translation allows us to conceptualize it as originally intended, as a force to master the world, operationalized by the muscular apparatus. Thus, we point out its participatory action in the constitutive organization of the subject, underlining its specificity in the third time of the drive, called here passivation. This resumption reveals the distinction between the death drive and the idea of mastery, exploring the nature of taking possession, reopening the epistemological field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vocabulary mastery has crucial roles in language learning. Learners would be unable to engage in language development activities such as grammar, reading, and writing if they did not have adequate vocabulary. However, many elementary school students lack sufficient vocabulary and are less capable of using them properly. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of Problem Based Learning model on improving students' vocabulary mastery. It involved 18 four-grade students living in Secang, Magelang. Due to interaction restriction on Pandemic era, it was not conducted at school. They were gathered at a village hall. Quasi-Experimental Design with One group pre-test post-test was employed in this study. The treatment was conducted within 4 meetings. The data were retrieved through tests which consist of 30 multiple-choice items. They were assumed to be valid by Product Moment Test. Then they were statistically analyzed using Paired Sample t-test. The result revealed that Asymp Sig (2-tailed) was 0.000 and the t value was 14.806 > t table 2.10982. Hence, there was a positive and significant influence of Problem Based Learning in increasing students' vocabulary mastery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continued sport participation hinges on facilitators and constraints, which may change throughout an individual's life. The research question for this study was: 'How do facilitators and constraints change over time in the pursuit of lifelong participation in sport?' Interviews with 16 participants who commenced surfing as a child and continued to surf at middle adulthood revealed the facilitators and constraints that affected their commencement and continuation of surfing. Findings showed that social factors (e.g. friends and family) facilitated surfing as a child and continued to do so in middle adulthood. However, a significant shift was noted in middle adulthood towards participants' mental wellbeing as a strong facilitator for continued participation. Furthermore, middle-aged adults used other activities to develop competencies that would compensate for any loss of functional capacity and help them continue surfing. The results offer an application of social ecology in sport which contributes to understanding facilitators and constraints within a sport-specific context over lifetime participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare costs in the Netherlands are rising and vary considerably among regions. Explaining regional differences in healthcare costs can help policymakers in targeting appropriate interventions in order to restrain costs. Factors usually taken into account when analyzing regional differences in healthcare costs are demographic structure and socioeconomic status (SES). However, health, lifestyle, loneliness and mastery have also been linked to healthcare costs. Therefore, this study analyzes the contribution of health, lifestyle factors (BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity), loneliness, and mastery to regional differences in healthcare costs. Analyses are performed in a linked dataset (n = 334,721) from the Dutch Public Health Services, Statistics Netherlands, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (year 2016), and the healthcare claims database Vektis (year 2017) with Poisson and zero-inflated binomial regressions. Regional differences in general practitioner consult costs remain significant even after taking into account health, lifestyle, loneliness, and mastery. Regional differences in costs for mental, pharmaceutical, and specialized care are less pronounced and can be explained to a large extent. For total healthcare costs, regional differences are mostly explained through the factors included in this study. Hence, addressing lifestyle factors, loneliness and mastery can help policymakers in restraining healthcare costs. In this study, the region of Zuid-Limburg represents the reference region. Use compare regions for health and healthcare costs (Regiovergelijker gezondheid en zorgkosten) in order to select all other Dutch regions as reference region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perceived control, defined as an individual's belief in their ability to influence life events and circumstances, has been implicated in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some research has demonstrated a link between perceived control and blood pressure, a major CVD risk factor. However, methodological differences across studies, including variability in definitions and measures of perceived control, preclude a clear understanding of this relationship., Purpose: This systematic review describes the evidence regarding the association between perceived control and blood pressure, with a specific focus on integrating the literatures across multiple control-related constructs to provide a comprehensive understanding of their relationship with blood pressure., Methods: A systematic search was conducted across five databases. Data were extracted from 24 studies that quantitatively examined the relationship between perceived control and blood pressure and met inclusion criteria. Results across studies were narratively synthesized., Results: Limited evidence emerged across studies showing a negative relationship between perceived control and both resting blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure, but no studies reviewed found that perceived control was associated with lower blood pressure reactivity to a lab stressor., Conclusions: The findings here provide preliminary evidence that perceived control may serve as an important protective factor against high blood pressure. The findings highlight the need for additional quality research to examine this link more thoroughly. Recommendations for future research are provided., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2024. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

In the classroom, metabolism is often approached and received as a mundane exercise in memorization. Teaching metabolism also faces the challenge of negative perceptions that can impede learning. We sought to improve the learning experience in an undergraduate lecture course on microbial metabolism by implementing an illustrated story that follows an Escherichia coli cell during a cholera outbreak. Feedback from students, compiled over four semesters of relatively minimal intervention, suggests that attitudes improved. Most students also thought that storytelling helped them learn. Exam scores suggested that the story could have had a positive performance impact for some questions that required students to apply correct details to specific situations. Our results suggest that a story could improve the learning experience in a course on a traditionally unpopular topic by both improving emotional responses to the subject matter and by providing a familiar framework upon which to contextualize details., (© 2024 The Author(s). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)

Abstract Background People with low socio-economic status report lower levels of physical activity (PA). There is insufficient knowledge about the availability of psychological resources for those who are physically active despite having a low socio-economic status. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between PA level and mastery and vitality, respectively, within an adult population with self-reported economic difficulties. Method Data from a cross-sectional, population-based study (n = 817) were used. Linear regression was used to estimate the unstandardised regression coefficient (β) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), describing associations between PA levels (independent variable) and scale scores of psychological resources in terms of mastery and vitality (outcome variables). Three models were constructed: Model I unadjusted; Model II adjusted for sex and age; and Model III adjusted for sex, age, smoking and food quality. Result After adjusting for sex, age, smoking and food quality and using low-level PA as the reference, high-level PA, but not intermediate-level PA, was related to higher scale scores of mastery (β = 0.72 [95% CI 0.08 to 1.37]). For vitality, both high-level PA and intermediate-level PA were related to higher scale scores (β = 9.30 [95% CI 5.20 to 13.40] and β = 6.70 [95% CI 1.40 to 12.00] respectively). Conclusion In an adult population with self-reported economic difficulties, higher levels of physical activity were related to higher mastery and vitality. Our results support that the association between physical activity and psychological resources in terms of mastery and vitality should be considered in the context of targeted health dialogues. Trial registration number Not applicable.

Poor mathematics self-efficacy (MSE) has been recorded among learners at all levels in Nigeria. The study reported on here sought to establish the efficacy of differentiated instruction (DI) in raising learners’ MSE in inclusive settings. We also explored the differential effects of DI on the MSE of learners with dyscalculia, as well as on high- and low-achieving learners. We adopted a control group quasi-experimental research design involving 1 experimental and 1 control group. A total of 4 mathematics teachers and 158 Senior Secondary II (SSII) learners in 4 regular classes participated in the study. Mathematics teachers participated in a one week DI training workshop to equip them with DI skills for whole-term mathematics instruction. The Students’ Mathematics Self-efficacy Scale (SMSES) was used for data collection at pre- and post-intervention evaluations. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The major findings reveal that using DI led to significant improvements in learners’ MSE. Prior achievement (PA) had a significant influence on MSE; however, DI was effective in reducing the negative effects of poor PA on the self-efficacy of low-achieving learners and learners with dyscalculia. It was concluded that DI offers teachers the impetus to help all learners to improve their self-efficacy in mathematics.

The main objective of this study was to explore the effect of performance and mastery related mathematics learning motivation on mathematics achievement. A sample of 150 students (86 males and 64 females) was randomly selected from Bonga University. MLM scale containing 11-items was adapted from different literatures. The performance and mastery related motivation Scale was adapted from Butler (2016). The mathematics achievement was measured by 30- items of a self-developed achievement test of Mathematics. Only 25 mathematics achievement test items which obeyed all the psychometric properties of item analysis were retained as a scale for the test administration. The Cronbach alpha reliability of Mathematics achievement test was .84, which is above the acceptable threshold. Confirmatory factor analysis with the help of Structural equation modeling by using STATA15 software was applied to analyze the data. Results revealed that Performance related mathematics learning motivation has significant effect on mathematics achievement, whereas mastery related mathematics learning motivation has no significant effect on mathematics achievement. Further study should be conducted on the unexplained factors of MLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was previously associated with psychopathological symptoms. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unexplored. Previous studies suggested associations between metacognitive abilities (e.g., mastery) and symptomatology, which may have impacts on COVID‐19 perceptions. This study aims to explore, using path analysis, the mediational role of Critical Distance (differentiation and decentration abilities) and Mastery on the relationships between COVID‐19 perceptions and psychological well‐being and distress. Methods: In a cross‐sectional design, 227 participants (M = 34.21, SD = 10.9) filled self‐report questionnaires. Results: Metacognitive abilities were negatively correlated with psychopathological symptoms. Both Critical Distance and Mastery mediated the path from COVID‐19 perceived severity and anxiety to psychological distress and well‐being. Critical Distance seems to augment Mastery which tends to increase psychological well‐being and limited psychological distress. Conclusions: Metacognition seems to play a mediational role on the relationship between COVID‐19 perceptions and mental health. Clinical psychologists and psychotherapists may enhance psychological interventions regarding COVID‐19 psychopathological symptomatology by working on metacognitive Critical Distance and Mastery abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, there is a growing need to recognise and realise the importance of physical activity (PA). For children to be active, they need to be proficient in fundamental movement skills (FMS) because these skills serve as the building blocks for more specific and complex movements later in life. To date, no previous study has investigated the FMS proficiency of children in the Western Cape, South Africa (SA). This study investigated the FMS proficiency of Grade 1 children (N = 178) from two schools in Cape Town (SA) using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). The results indicated that 35% of the participants mastered all their FMS. Generally, children performed better in locomotor than object control skills, however, no statistically significant differences were found in locomotor skills between boys and girls. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01) in object control skills, where boys performed better than girls. The results indicated that run was the highest mastered skill and hop the most difficult to master. The greatest difference between boys and girls was in kick and roll, where boys performed better. Although the results look seemingly good in comparison to international studies, it is recommended that children should continue to practice their FMS, especially strike, hop, leap and gallop, as they were the most difficult skills to master. These results highlight the importance of FMS proficiency and describe the proficiency of Grade 1 children in a selected area in the Western Cape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depressive symptoms after coronary events are associated with a worse prognosis. When changing the focus from psychopathology towards a resilience framework, treatments such as mindfulness meditation could offer novel ways to address psychological distress among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We studied the feasibility of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for CAD patients with depressive symptoms. Seventy-nine CAD patients with elevated depressive symptoms were invited to an 8-week MBSR course. Twenty-four patients (30%) accepted and 16 (20%) completed MBSR. Depressive symptoms decreased immediately after the course (p =.006). After 12 months, this improvement remained, and Mastery scores increased (p =.005). A reference group of 108 CAD patients did not show any significant changes in depressive symptoms or Mastery between 1 and 12 months after a coronary event. MBSR thus appears to be a feasible alternative for CAD patients with elevated depressive symptoms. Future studies are warranted to study if MBSR can improve psychological functioning in CAD patients. Clinicaltrials.gov (Registration Number: NCT03340948). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater perceived control is associated with better health and well‐being outcomes, possibly through more adaptive stress processes. Yet little research has examined whether facets of perceived control (personal mastery and perceived constraints) predict psychological and physiological stress reactivity. The present study evaluated the associations of personal mastery and perceived constraints with changes in subjective stress and cortisol in response to acute laboratory stressors, with age and race as potential moderators. In the Midlife in the United States Refresher Study (N = 633 adults aged 25–75), participants completed a baseline perceived control measure and were subsequently recruited to participate in the laboratory stress protocol. The protocol consisted of completing two mental stress tasks (mental arithmetic and Stroop) as well as providing saliva samples and subjective stress ratings. Race moderated the association between perceived constraints and subjective stress reactivity, such that higher constraints predicted greater subjective stress responses in White participants, but no association was observed in Black participants. Higher personal mastery and perceived constraints each predicted greater increases in cortisol in response to the stress tasks (AUCi) among younger but not older adults. These findings suggest that older adults were buffered against the association between facets of control and cortisol stress reactivity. Discussion on potential racial differences in the link between constraints and stress reactivity are elaborated further, as well as considerations for future work to distinguish between facets of control and examine age and racial differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's learners rely heavily on learning management systems (LMS) to access and submit coursework, receive feedback, interact with others, and track progress. The current study moves past the question of whether to use LMS, to uncover how LMS use affects learners. We drew on motivational theories of goal orientation to predict how frequently learners check their LMS, and to examine whether the use of LMS, including addictive cognitive and behavioral tendencies, would affect learning and stress outcomes. Using a longitudinal survey design administered to university students (N = 172), path analysis results demonstrated non-significant relationships of goal orientation on LMS checking frequency, and of LMS checking frequency on academic performance and overall stress. The cognitive component of addictive LMS use did significantly predict students' future stress levels, although behavioral addictive tendencies did not. Therefore, instructors should consider potential benefits as well as costs of LMS use, as cognitive preoccupations with LMS may exacerbate learners' stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo develop a more reliable and comprehensive version of the Parental Facilitation of Mastery Scale (PFMS) METHOD: In Study 1, 387 undergraduates completed an expanded PFMS (PFMS-II) and measures of parenting, perceived control, responses to early life challenges, and psychopathology. In Study 2, 182 trauma-exposed community participants completed the PFMS-II and measures of perceived control, psychopathology, and well-being RESULTS: In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis of the PFMS-II revealed two factors. These factors replicated in Study 2; one item was removed to achieve measurement invariance across race. The final PFMS-II comprised a 10-item overprotection scale and a 7-item challenge scale. In both samples, this measure demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity and was more reliable than the original PFMS. Parental challenge was a unique predictor of perceived control in both samples CONCLUSION: The PFMS-II is a valid measure of important parenting behaviors not fully captured in other measures.

The “countervailing powers” framework conceptualizes health care as an arena for power contests among key stakeholders, drawing attention to the moves, countermoves, and alliances that have challenged physicians’ dominance since the 1970s. Here, we focus on one of the lesser known micro-level consequences of such forces for physicians: emotional distress. We draw on 145 interviews with frontline physicians across four U.S. cities during the COVID-19 pandemic to trace physicians’ experiences with three countervailing forces: the state, health care organizations, and patients. We find that threats to physician dominance eroded physicians’ sense of mastery (perceived personal control) at work, thereby prompting emotional distress, including anger and moral conflict. Conversely, in certain cases, acts of resistance may have helped increase mastery, thus moderating distress. Our findings advance the countervailing powers framework by elucidating some of the micro-level, personal consequences of macro-level power struggles and offer practical implications for understanding contemporary threats to physician dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limiting contagion during the Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated employment of drastic measures ranging from complete lockdown to home isolation and quarantines. This study examined the psychiatric effects of home isolation, the effects of interacting previous traumatic events and the moderating effect of self-mastery as a resilience factor that could mitigate negative effects. Methods: Six hundred forty-five adults aged 18–67 completed an online survey during the first wave lockdown during the Covid-19 outbreak in Israel. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire including measures of strictness of adherence to home isolation, a traumatic life events measure, the Mastery Scale, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Model. Results: Findings showed positive relations between strictness of home isolation adherence and psychiatric symptoms, and between previous trauma exposure and psychiatric symptoms. A negative relation between self-mastery and psychiatric symptoms emerged. During home isolation, effects of previous trauma exposure on psychiatric symptoms was moderated by self-mastery. Individuals with high self-mastery showed less psychiatric symptoms than those with low self-mastery, at both high and low levels of previous trauma exposure. Conclusions: Home isolation adherence is associated with significant psychological distress and symptomatology and, thus, should be of great concern for public mental health service providers. The present study offers a new slant on appropriate clinical interventions during this period with a focus on strengthening resilience factors that can moderate mental health decline. Therapy and interventions based on promoting self-mastery could exert a significant effect on lowering psychiatric symptoms during stressful periods of home isolation. Trial registration: Not relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Resilience serves as a protective factor against adverse outcomes following exposure to traumatic events. The extant literature focuses on psychiatric resilience in the context of internalizing symptoms, though resilience is also important in relation to externalizing symptoms. Research is needed to clarify the predictors of resilience across contexts. The aims of the current study are twofold: 1. Determine the association between psychiatric resilience (PR) and alcohol resistance (AR) and 2. Test for differential prediction of each form of resilience by exogenous predictors. Methods: The sample (n = 7585) was drawn from the Virginia Adult Twin Studies of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders (VATSPSUD). Participants completed measures of internalizing symptoms, exposure to stressful life events, DSM alcohol abuse and dependence symptoms, maximum alcohol consumption, personality variables, and social support. All cross-sectional, structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted using Mplus software version 8.2. Results: A single common factor model provided adequate fits for both PR and AR. In the full measurement model the correlation between the two resilience factors was estimated (r = 0.28, SE = 0.018, p < 0.001). Neuroticism and mastery predicted AR and PR, but differentially, with a stronger effect size for PR (neuroticism: B = 0.35, p < 0.001; mastery: B = − 0.36, p < 0.001). The positive social support factor did not predict either resilience variable, while interpersonal conflict was associated with both (AR = 0.09, p < 0.001; PR = 0.07, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Findings extend the current literature on resilience in two ways. First, rigorous measurement model based definitions of two resilience variables are specified. Second, external validation of the AR and PR constructs is carried out using latent variable modeling techniques. The modest correlation suggests resilience may not be well-characterized by a single general attribute. Findings provide further evidence for predictors of resilience by way of displaying differential patterns of prediction effect sizes of PR and AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista La Tadeo de Arte is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aesthetics & Ethics of Pedagogical Action is the property of Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Mastery is the extent to which an individual perceives their life circumstances as being under their control and not predominantly influenced by external factors. The relationship of mastery with clinical outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) has not been well-researched. We assessed the relationships of mastery with fatigue, disability, relapse number, and depression risk among pwMS over 2.5 years' follow-up. Methods: Data from the Health Outcomes and Lifestyle in a Sample of people with Multiple sclerosis study, among 839 participants who completed the 2.5 and 5-year reviews, were analysed. Mastery was measured by the Pearlin Mastery Scale, fatigue by Fatigue Severity Scale, depression risk by Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and disability by Patient-Determined Disease Steps, and diagnosed relapse number in the previous 12 months was queried. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses were undertaken by log-binomial, log-multinomial, and Poisson regression, as appropriate, adjusted for relevant confounders. Results: Cross-sectionally, pwMS with the highest quartile mastery (> 25/28) had 90% lower frequency of depression risk, 60% lower frequency of clinically significant fatigue, and 77% fewer had severe disability, all largely robust to adjustment. Prospectively, those in the top two quartiles of mastery (> 21–25, > 25/28) had 66% and 74% lower subsequent depression risk, robust to adjustment. No significant associations were seen prospectively for change in fatigue, disability, or relapse number, however, and no robust associations of mastery with relapse number were evident. Conclusions: Prospectively, a protective relationship of mastery with subsequent risk of depression was observed, suggesting this may be a point of intervention to improve wellbeing in pwMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does hearing about or witnessing someone else experience discrimination harm individuals' mental health? Using data from the Nashville Stress and Health Study, we answer this question by examining how vicarious discrimination impacts depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and anger among black Americans. We also test whether mastery and self-esteem moderate the association between vicarious discrimination and each mental health outcome. Findings indicate experiencing vicarious discrimination via a family member has a similar impact on mental health to personally experiencing discrimination. While experiencing vicarious discrimination via a close friend also increased mental health problems, it appeared to be less harmful than personally experiencing discrimination. Moreover, self-esteem moderated the association between vicarious discrimination via a family member and via a close friend and mental health, while mastery did not. This study provides new insights into ways vicarious discrimination impacts health as well as the role that psychosocial resources play in shaping this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Family caregivers will grow in number as dementia prevalence increases, underscoring the continued importance of equipping these individuals for their new roles and ameliorating the adverse effects of caregiving. Research Design and Methods A three-armed, waitlist, randomized trial design tested Tele-Savvy, an online adaptation of a successful in-person psychoeducation program, the Savvy Caregiver. Tele-Savvy is delivered over 43 days to groups of 6–8 caregivers in 7 weekly synchronous sessions accompanied by 36 brief asynchronous video lessons. We enrolled 23 cohorts of 15 eligible caregivers (N = 261), randomized 2:2:1 to active, attention control, and usual care arms. We assessed caregiver psychological well-being and caregiving mastery at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Multilevel linear models assessed outcomes over the 3 time points examined. The trial was slightly truncated, with Data and Safety Monitoring Board approval, because of the apparent confounding psychological effects of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. Results Study findings indicate statistically and clinically significant benefits to Tele-Savvy arm caregivers (with moderate to large effect sizes) in the areas of depression, perceived stress, reaction to care recipients' behaviors, and enhancement of caregiver mastery. Expected benefits for caregiver burden and anxiety were not found. Discussion and Implications Findings attest to program efficacy and the viability of employing distance means to improve family caregivers' emotional well-being and sense of mastery in the caregiving role over a 6-month period. Next steps entail finding alternate ways to deliver the program to those with connectivity and/or time constraint problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan dari metode Beyond Centre and Circle Time (BCCT) pada pengajaran kosakata. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimental. Adapun populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas 7 di MTs Darul Ihsan Hamparan Perak, dan sampelnya adalah kelas VIIA sebanyak 25 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen, kelas VIIB sebanyak 25 orang sebagai kelas kontrol. Data pada tes awal di kelas kontrol adalah 61,4 dengan nilai rata-rata pada tes akhir adalah 72,5. Sementara itu, nilai rata-rata tes awal di kelas eksperimen adalah 61,0 dan nilai rata-rata tes akhir adalah 81,1. Ini menunjukkan ada perbedaan antara kelas kontrol dengan kelas eksperimen. Pada kelas kontrol nilai tes awal dan tes akhir meningkat menjadi 11,5 sementara pada kelas eksperimen nilai rata-ratanya meningkat menjadi 20,01. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis diterima bahwa metode BCCT efektif dalam penguasaan kosakata pada siswa dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Abstract: The research aimed to know effectiveness of Beyond Centre and Circle Time method in teaching students’ vocabulary mastery. This research was conducting by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the students at seven grade of MTs Darul Ihsan Hamparan Perak. The sample of this study was VII-A (25 students) as experimental class and VII-B (25 students) as control class. The pre test in control class 61,4 and mean of post test was 72,5. Meanwhile mean of pre test in experiment class was 61,0 and mean of post test was 81,1. It means that there is difference between control class and experiment class. In the control class, the score of pre test and post test raise 11,5. While, in the experimental class, the score of pre test and post test raise 20,01. Ha is accepted and H0isrejected. It means that there is better of using beyond center and circle time method on the students’ achievement in vocabulary mastery than conventional method.

Accumulating studies have documented strong associations between a higher sense of control and improved health and well-being outcomes. However, less is known about the determinants of increased sense of control. Our analysis used data from 13,771 older adults in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)-a diverse, longitudinal, and national study of adults aged >50 in the United States. Using generalized linear regression models, with a lagged exposure-wide approach, we evaluated how changes in 59 predictors (i.e., physical health, health behavior, and psychosocial factors) over a 4-year period (between t 0 ;2006/2008 and t 1 ;2010/2012) might lead to changes in sense of control another 4-years later (t 2 ;2014/2016). After adjusting for a rich set of baseline covariates, changes in some health behaviors (e.g., sleep problems), physical health conditions (e.g., physical functioning limitations, eyesight), and psychosocial factors (e.g., positive affect, purpose in life) were associated with changes in sense of control four years later. However, there was little evidence that other factors were associated with a subsequent sense of control. A key challenge in advancing intervention development is the identification of antecedents that predict a sense of control. Our results identified several novel targets for interventions and policies aimed at increasing a sense of control., (© 2024 The Author(s). Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association of Applied Psychology.)