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El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión del síndrome de Münchausen por poderes para contribuir con el diagnóstico precoz de este tipo de maltrato infantil de alto riesgo. Una de las metas fue difundirlo entre los profesionales de los equipos de salud, los organismos de protección de derechos de niños/as y adolescentes, la justicia y las instituciones escolares. Se describió el recorrido histórico del concepto y se abordaron sus características, manifestaciones clínicas e indicadores. Fue presentado un modelo inédito de relevamiento de datos para efectores de salud. Se elaboró un registro epidemiológico con datos obtenidos de la Unidad de Violencia Familiar del Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, del período 2001-2017, cuyo resultado fue de 24 casos confirmados. Fue descripta la estrategia diagnóstica durante la internación de niños/as y adolescentes, el comportamiento del perpetrador, los aspectos contra-transferenciales del equipo tratante, el egreso y el tratamiento psicológico del niño.

La presente investigación busca estudiar a la institucionalización como medio para acoger a los niños y adolescentes víctimas de maltrato infantil. El estudio tiene como objetivo estimular las afectaciones de las funciones cognitivas en niños y adolescentes institucionalizados mediante la elaboración de un plan de intervención neuropsicológico. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativo con un alcance de estudio exploratorio y descriptivo. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala de Inteligencia de Weschler para niños y adolescentes, versión IV, y fue aplicado a 44 niños y adolescentes de la institución. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica y la prueba aplicada, se determinó que las alteraciones cognitivas corresponden a las áreas de Comprensión verbal, Memoria de trabajo y Velocidad de procesamiento; las funciones cognitivas conservadas están asociadas al área de Razonamiento perceptual. Finalmente, las puntuaciones del coeficiente intelectual de los evaluados corresponden a categorías debajo del promedio. Esta metodología permitió concluir que la institucionalización produce deficiencias cognitivas y no todas cuentan con un programa de intervención integral para satisfacer las demandas en cada etapa del desarrollo, especialmente a nivel cognitivo.

El área de la pediatría social y salud pública se ocupa del niño y adolescente, sano y enfermo, en sus interrelaciones individuales y con la comunidad en el medio físico y humano en que se desarrolla. La presente investigación analiza el comportamiento del maltrato infantil en Colombia durante los años 2013 a 2018 con el fin de proponer modelos estadísticos que permitan explicarlo y realizar predicciones confiables de gran utilidad como fundamento a los planes de salud del estado. El trabajo se desarrolla a partir de las bases de datos del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, del Observatorio del Bienestar de la Niñez del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar y del Sistema Integral de Información, para las variables: violencia intrafamiliar, violencia interpersonal y delitos sexuales, desagregando por cohortes de edades de 0 a 4, 5 a 9, 10 a 14 y 15 a 17 años. Se estima en cada caso el modelo ARIMA correspondiente.

El maltrato físico, emocional y sexual, así como la negligencia, son flagelos que destruyen la vida del ser y en muchos de los casos son perpetuados por personas muy cercanas a la víctima. De ahí que el objetivo de este artículo sea propiciar la reflexión en pedagogas y pedagogos infantiles frente a su importante labor y compromiso en la formación del futuro de la sociedad: nuestras niñas y niños libres de abuso y maltrato físico, emocional y sexual. El pedagogo y la pedagoga infantil en su labor de ayudar a la formación integral del infante cumplen un papel importante y decisivo para frenar el abuso y maltrato del menor. La ignorancia y el silencio se convierten en uno de los mejores cómplices que impiden erradicar este problema que continua afectando a la humanidad. Informar y denunciar oportunamente cualquier caso ante las autoridades competentes ayuda a romper la cadena de violencia.

En México, en la década de 1990 se crean los primeros refugios para mujeres víctimas de violencia con el fin de atenderlas y darles un lugar donde vivir al momento de huir de su agresor. Se diseñaron estrategias para atenderlas de manera integral pero, en un inicio no se pensó en sus hijos e hijas, quienes llegaban con ellas al refugio y sólo se les entretenía mientras psicólogas y trabajadoras sociales atendían a sus madres. Ahora, ante la necesidad de proteger a la comunidad infantil en situación de refugio, empiezan a diseñarse estrategias para dar seguimiento y atención a estos menores que antes eran ignorados como víctimas.

Substance use disorder (SUD) affects the relationship and care of children, promoting abusive behaviors. The parental-filial relationship can improve with the development of parental competences (PC) in users of treatment programs for SUD. However, few programs prioritize intervention over these skills. The objective of this study is to verify the influence of SUD on the development of negligent behaviors and to analyze the influence of SUD treatment on PC, considering the previous trajectory of consumption and treatment (TCT), the legal situation (LS), and socio-family background (SFB). The sample is made up of 67 users of a SUD treatment program in Chile, with at least one child under the age of 12. One hundred percent of users engage in negligent behavior. After nine months of treatment, PCs improved significantly. TCT and SFBs influence the development and improvement of PCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing up in the context of gender-based intimate partner violence (IPV) has been associated with mental health problems in children yet little is known about IPV effects on children from their own point of view. The aim of this research was to understand the psychological impact associated with living in an environment with IPV, from the perspective of children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 boys and 5 girls, between 8 and 12 years old, who were attending psychosocial programs specialized in maltreatment and experimented different forms of chronic IPV at home. The interviews were analyzed using narrative analysis. The results show that growing up in an environment with IPV has a psychological impact on children's emotional wellbeing and family relationships, and in some cases on their self-concept. We conclude that IPV experiences had a profound impact on the participants' wellbeing, affecting various areas of the children's lives. The results highlight the importance of understanding the effects of IPV from the children's perspective, in order to develop clinical interventions in accordance with their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived social support (PSS) is a crucial factor in physical and mental health. Previous studies found a negative association between childhood maltreatment (CM) and current PSS. In this paper, we investigate whether psychopathology moderates this association in a sample of patients with Depressive Disorder (DD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Sixty-nine patients with DD and 110 patients with BPD were recruited to inpatient/day clinic treatment programmes for either DD or BPD. All participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Social Support Questionnaire (F-SozU). Our hypothesis was tested with a moderator analysis in a multiple linear regression model. We found a significant interaction between diagnosis and CM for the CTQ total score and the emotional abuse subscale. Post hoc analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between CM and PSS only for patients suffering from BPD and not for patients with DD. Our results suggest that the negative association between CM and PSS might be more pronounced in certain patient groups, particularly patients with BPD. The negative association between childhood maltreatment and perceived social support is more pronounced in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder than in patients with Depressive Disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation are common in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Depressive Disorders (DD). This study examines differences between patients with BPD and patients with DD, regarding childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation as well as the mediating effect of different aspects of emotion regulation deficits on the association between childhood maltreatment and BPD-symptoms. A total of 305 participants, 177 with BPD and 128 with DD completed an assessment including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Data was analyzed using multiple analyses of variances and mediation analyses. Patients with BPD reported more childhood maltreatment and more difficulties in emotion regulation than patients with DD. When general symptom severity, age, and gender were included in the analysis as covariates only group differences regarding 'impulse control difficulties' (F(1,299) = 38.97, p <.001, ηp2 =.115), 'limited access to emotion regulation strategies' (F(1,299) = 4.66, p =.032, ηp2 =.015), and 'lack of emotional clarity' (F(1,299) = 9.38, p =.002, ηp2 =.030) remained statistically significant. A mediation analysis, including above-mentioned covariates, indicated an association between emotional abuse and BPD-symptoms, which was mediated by difficulties in emotion regulation (indirect effect B =.012, 95% CI [.001;.031], R2 =.429). Subscale analyses revealed 'impulse control difficulties' as the aspect of difficulties in emotion regulation that has the greatest impact on this association (B =.021, 95% CI [.003;.045]). Patients with BPD display more childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation than patients with DD. Difficulties in emotion regulation, especially difficulties in impulse control, seem to play an important role in the association between childhood emotional abuse and BPD-symptoms. Patients with BPD report more childhood maltreatment and more emotion regulation difficulties than patients with DD and difficulties in emotion regulation, specifically impulse control, play an important role in the association between childhood emotional abuse and BPD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Child maltreatment is embedded in a complex system of familial, societal and cultural influences. However, the microsystemic framework in which child maltreatment occurs has not been sufficiently accounted for in previous measures of trauma history. In order to include this relational context, a novel survey method, the Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS), was developed, focusing specifically on the familial environment and childhood attachment relationships. Prior validation studies of the English and Italian versions of the CARTS have tended to support its use. Objective: The current study aims at evaluating the psychometric properties of the German version of the CARTS as well as conducting cross-cultural comparison analyses. It is part of an international research project of the Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress which was initiated by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS). Method: The sample consisted of n = 140 participants from the German general population aged 18 or older. Further trauma specific measures (GPS, BSI-18, CTQ-SF, ECR-R, PBI) were included for validation. Cross-cultural comparisons were conducted with a German subsample of students in reference to Italian- and English-speaking student samples. Results: Most CARTS subscales showed acceptable internal consistency. Statistically significant relationships were observed with other measures of childhood trauma exposure and parental bonding, as well as PTSD- and other distress-related outcomes. Comparing the German-speaking sample with Italian- and English-speaking samples indicated significant differences with regard to childhood attachment and child maltreatment. Conclusion: The present findings are consistent with previous results concerning the CARTS and advance the validation of this novel survey method within German-speaking samples. Further, the CARTS appears to be sensitive to cross-sample differences in childhood attachment and child maltreatment. Further psychometric evaluations of the CARTS in other languages and within further German-speaking samples are needed. The Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS) constitutes a novel survey method for the assessment of child maltreatment and childhood attachment. Previous validation studies and present results have tended to support its use. Global applicability and further psychometric evaluation will be objectives of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Child maltreatment (CM), particularly in institutional contexts, can affect the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research suggests that factors during CM (e.g. severity, variety, duration) and in the aftermath of CM (e.g. stressful life events, and social acknowledgement, i.e. the degree to which an individual feels validated and supported following a traumatic event) can explain some of the heterogeneity in PTSD development. However, there is a lack of research on long-term correlates of CM and mitigating factors, with only a few studies having been conducted with older survivors of institutional upbringing. Such research is relevant, given the long-term associations between CM and the older age status of many survivors. Objective: The current study examined the link between CM and PTSD in older individuals with a history of institutional upbringing (risk group; RG) and a matched control group (CG). Differences in stressful life events and social acknowledgement were also investigated. Method: Participants were n = 116 RG (Mage = 70.25 years, 41% female) and n = 122 CG (Mage = 70.71 years, 51% female). Data was assessed using self-report questionnaires and a clinical interview. Results: The RG reported higher levels of exposure to CM. Lifetime PTSD showed a bigger association with the level of exposure to CM, compared to having an institutional upbringing. Participants with higher CM levels reported more stressful life events. High levels of social acknowledgement mediated the relationship between CM and PTSD in the CG. Conclusions: Exposure to CM had a stronger association with PTSD than a history of institutional upbringing. In the CG, the survivors' perception of social acknowledgement ameliorated lifetime PTSD to a small extent. A critical issue for policy makers should be to enhance safeguarding measures against CM exposure, not only in institutional contexts, but also more generally, given the link to PTSD. In the present study individuals with a history of institutional upbringing reported high levels of child maltreatment. Furthermore, social acknowledgement was found to be meaningfully associated with post-traumatic stress disorders in child maltreatment survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Potentially traumatic stressors can lead to various transdiagnostic outcomes beyond PTSD alone but no brief screening tools exist for measuring posttraumatic responses in a transdiagnostic manner. Objective: Assess the psychometric characteristics of a new 22-item transdiagnostic screening measure, the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS). Method: An internet survey was administered with English speaking participants recruited passively via the website of the Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress (GC-TS) (nGC-TS = 1,268) and actively via Amazon's MTurk (nMTurk = 1,378). Exploratory factor analysis, correlational analysis, sensitivity and specificity analysis, and comparisons in response between the two samples and between male and female respondents were conducted. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed a single factor underlying symptom endorsements in both samples, suggesting that such problems may form a unitary transdiagnostic, posttraumatic outcome. Convergent validity of the GPS symptom and risk factors was established with measures of PTSD and dissociative symptoms in the MTurk sample. Gender differences were seen primarily at the item level with women more often endorsing several symptoms and specific risk factors in the MTurk sample, and the GC-TS recruited sample endorsed more symptoms and risk factors than the MTurk sample, suggesting that the GPS may be sensitive to group differences. A GPS symptom cut-off score of 8 identified optimized sensitivity and specificity relative to probable PTSD based on PCL-5 scores. Conclusions: The current results provide preliminary support for the validity of the GPS as a screener for the concurrent measurement of several transdiagnostic outcomes of potentially traumatic stressors and the apparent unifactorial structure of such symptoms is suggestive of a single or unitary posttraumatic outcome. Future research is needed to evaluate whether similarly strong psychometric properties can be yielded in response to completion of the GPS in other languages. Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is validated in English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Limite is the property of Universidad de Tarapaca, Departamento de Filosofia y Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El síndrome de Münchhausen por poder es una enfermedad descrita ya desde el año 1977 por Meadow, la cual se caracteriza por imponer una enfermedad tanto física/psicológica sobre un tercero, siendo una forma poco frecuente, pero existente, de abuso infantil, causante de gran morbimortalidad. Esta patología representa un gran reto para el clínico dada la dificultad que implica identificar el diagnóstico en su aproximación inicial. Aun así, la falta de respuesta al tratamiento y la extravagante forma de presentación de la enfermedad, asociado al perfil clínico y psicológico del cuidador(a) y/o familiares del paciente, pueden ser señales que deben alertar al profesional de la salud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though Parenting Capacity Assessments (PCAs) are essential for child protection services to support placement decisions for maltreating families, presently no evidence‐based PCA protocols are available. In this randomized controlled trial, we tested the quality of an attachment‐based PCA protocol based on Video‐feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP‐SD). We recruited 56 parent‐child dyads (Mage children = 3.48 years) in Dutch family residential clinics that conduct PCAs to support placement decisions. After pretest, families were randomized to receive the Regular Assessment Procedure (RAP) (n = 28), or an additional assessment based on VIPP‐SD (n = 28). An immediate post‐test and a 10‐month follow‐up were conducted. Multilevel models showed that therapists felt equally confident about their recommendations regarding child placement for both groups and that they equally often modified their initial placement recommendations. Moreover, children in the VIPP‐SD group did not show fewer behavior problems and did not experience recurring child maltreatment less often than children in the RAP group. Thus, we found no evidence that PCAs incorporating the VIPP‐SD protocol outperformed PCAs as usual. We discuss possible explanations why in the current study VIPP‐SD did not seem to add to the quality of the RAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Child abuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. Although the strategies to assist and prevent it have increased, these have been insufficient. It is undeniable that social situations such as poverty, illiteracy, customs, as well as other determinants for health, mask the frequency and consequences of the victims of this medical-social-legal pathology of humanity. The knowledge of the Neurobiology involved in MI offers new fields of research to solve four neuroimmunogenetic situations and the development of tertiary prevention strategies for the problem: 1) Is it possible to specify the development of the "transgenerational replication" of the MI? 2) Can the genes involved in the genesis of the "transgenerational replication" of MI be known? 3) Can the implementation of "Epigenomics" be a possible mechanism for the study and preventive treatment of MI? 4) Is there a medicine, a food or a natural substance that can modify the response of a gene to the existence of various elements of the environment?. To understand this problems, it is essential to know the basic concepts of aggressiveness and violence of man; the neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and neurobiochemical considerations in situations of violence. The intervention of the limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus), corpus callosum and prefrontal cortex. The role of known genes that participate in the development of violence. Finally, find a medicine, a food or a natural substance that allows to modify the actions of the genes involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recent studies have argued that Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) problems continue into emerging adulthood; however, few studies have examined ODD problems in this population. Moreover, previous studies have found that corporal punishment mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety/depression and child ODD problems in young children and that parental psychopathology is likely to affect child ODD. This study examined how maternal as well as paternal maltreatment (i.e., psychological and physical) mediated the relationship between parental anxiety/depressive problems and emerging adult ODD problems (i.e., irritability and defiance). Furthermore, child and parent gender were examined as moderators (i.e., moderated mediation). Participants included 1,012 emerging adults who completed questionnaires about parental psychological and physical maltreatment, parental anxiety and depression, and affective and behavioral ODD symptoms. Results suggested that mediation occurred for the father–daughter dyad along the perceived paternal depressive problems → psychological and physical maltreatment → irritability paths and for the mother–son dyad along the perceived maternal depressive and anxiety problems → psychological maltreatment → defiance paths. Given that mediation occurred for only these gender dyads, moderated mediation was suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main aim of this research is to analyse the relation between the history of child abuse and the victimization and perpetration of dating violence. The research sample consists of 443 young adults from Bogotá (Colombia) and their mean age is 20.64 years old (SD = 3.911). The instrument is composed of the modified version of the Conflicts Tactics Scale (M-CTS) and other questions (ad hoc). The results show that, during childhood, 43% of participants suffered psychological abuse and 36% of them suffered physical abuse. The history of child abuse appears to be associated with dating violence in emerging adulthood. Participants who have experienced physical and psychological abuse in childhood, compared to those who have not, score significantly higher in different forms of perpetration and victimization of dating violence. The results can be used to implement educational actions that prevent the reproduction of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Münchausen syndrome by proxy is a particular form of child abuse whose severity lies in its high morbidity and mortality, due to its difficult diagnosis and management. We provide the experience of two suggestive cases of this syndrome with extraordinarily similar characteristics and with extreme clinical presentations due to the variety of manifestations, the elevated number of diagnosis, consultations and admissions to the hospital. The aim of this presentation is to highlight the difficulty in the diagnosis and management of this pathology, whose delay implies a great danger for the child at a psychological, physical and social level. In both cases the causal agent is the mother, with a low socioeconomic level and significant family dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La investigación indagó cómo la negligencia emocional paterna puede convertirse en una práctica que favorece el embarazo adolescente, mediante el análisis hermenéutico de narrativas en un grupo de 30 madres adolescentes de la ciudad de Bogotá-Colombia, cuya edad al momento del nacimiento del primer hijo era de 12 a 19 años y de quienes se sabía tenían padre negligente. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad apoyadas con preguntas previamente estructuradas por Strauss, Kinard y Williams (1995). Los significados de la negligencia del padre en las madres adolescentes evidenciaron que el descuido en actividades de afecto, acompañamiento, apoyo, juego, lectura, ayuda con las tareas, instauración de límites, educación para la sexualidad, suministro de alimentos, vestido, refugio y atención médica, pueden llevar al embarazo no planeado en las hijas adolescentes. El presente estudio invita a la implementación de programas educativos para los padres a fin de prevenir el comportamiento negligente e instiga a fortalecer el acompañamiento psicosocial a las madres adolescentes, orientando sobre el valor de la maternidad.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar las significaciones sobre el maltrato infantil, que emergen en el contexto de un salón de clases de primero de primaria, en un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá. Este estudio se sustenta en la perspectiva sociocultural. Desde un enfoque idiográfico y por medio de análisis microgenéticos, se profundizó en el estudio de caso de Martina, quien, a partir de su práctica pedagógica, proporcionó elementos para caracterizar las significaciones que ha construido sobre el maltrato infantil y la manera en cómo estas son comunicadas a los niños. Metodológicamente, se solicitó a la profesora preparar un taller para sus estudiantes orientado hacia la prevención del maltrato infantil. También, se llevó a cabo una entrevista con la docente para complementar los análisis. Los resultados indican que las significaciones del maltrato infantil, que emergen en la práctica educativa de la educadora, están permeadas por un sistema cultural más amplio, a saber, la religión católica, y que a través de lo religioso se comunica con sus estudiantes para alinear sus objetivos a los de ellos. Futuras investigaciones podrían centrarse en el estudio de la práctica docente, de manera detallada, y considerar la cultura como elemento fundamental de la organización escolar.

El presente texto se inscribe dentro de la temática dirigida a la investigación sobre la violencia intrafamiliar. Tiene como objetivo sistematizar aspectos históricos y teóricos inherentes al estudio del maltrato infantil y sus consecuencias en el ámbito social y familiar para su detección y tratamiento en el nivel de atención primaria de los servicios de salud en Cuba. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica se logró concretar un análisis documental de materiales y textos en soporte digital e impreso que condujo a los acercamientos teórico e histórico del fenómeno en el ámbito internacional y nacional, para su conceptualización, la determinación de su tipología y el establecimiento de sus consecuencias; elementos imprescindibles del saber profesional del futuro egresado de las ciencias médicas, en función de su desempeño en los diferentes niveles de atención de salud, en especial, la atención primaria.

Este artículo discute la relación entre víctimas y victimarios a partir de un contexto concreto: el caso del asesino en serie de niños, Luis Alfredo Garavito que conmovió a la sociedad en 1999 por la brutalidad de sus homicidios y que refleja la forma en la que las víctimas se pueden convertir en victimarios cuando el contexto socioeconómico y cultural genera ciertas condiciones a través del tiempo. Se analiza el caso desde el punto de vista criminológico y forense y se propone una reflexión desde una perspectiva sociocultural acudiendo a contextos explicativos y a relaciones entre cultura, conducta y violencia. Teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de los eventos adversos en la infancia, se reflexiona sobre la situación de vulnerabilidad de las víctimas, especialmente cuando se trata de niños y la forma en que las diferentes violencias a las que se enfrentan, los ubica en un espacio potencial de posibles victimarios.

La violencia intrafamiliar provoca secuelas psicológicas en quienes la padecen, sobre todo cuando ocurre en las primeras etapas del desarrollo, sin embargo, algunos autores plantean que no siempre esto sucede. Objetivo: Valorar la salud mental en adolescentes de 14 años testigos de violencia intrafamiliar, pertenecientes a la Secundaria Básica Urbana “Frank País García” de Cienfuegos, en el período febrero – julio del 2015. Material y Métodos: Descriptivo observacional, mixto en el que se aplicó entrevista, pruebas psicométricas y pedagógicas al adolescente, entrevista al familiar y al profesor guía, con triangulación de la información. Resultados: Predominaron las adolescentes que convivían con ambos padres casados, en familias extensas, medianas, bigeneracionales y moderadamente funcionales. Prevaleció la violencia intrafamiliar psicológica, cruzada en la pareja y la que dirigía la madre al padre del adolescente. Se identificaron alteraciones emocionales, cognitivas, de aprendizaje y conductuales en los adolescentes de la muestra. Conclusiones: La metodología empleada en esta investigación resulta acertada, viable y practicable para valorar la salud mental de los adolescentes testigos de la violencia intrafamiliar.

Los dispositivos conceptuales en los que se basa la prevención en maltrato infantil no son neutros, estos delimitan el problema, distribuyen agencias y organizan subjetividades. Este trabajo buscó identificar los efectos discursivos en la problematización del maltrato infantil, de un corpus de dispositivos conceptuales (definiciones de maltrato, un marco explicativo y una estrategia de sensibilización), utilizados en documentos públicos de prevención en maltrato infantil en Chile. A través de un análisis de discurso, se identificó lo que los discursos decían sobre las características del maltrato y el poder. Los resultados mostraron una cartografía de tres lineamientos: violencia individualizada, familiarización de la violencia y moralización del poder. De los lineamientos se elaboraron los efectos en la problematización de la violencia: exclusión de lo institucional, de los desequilibrios de poder y de las resistencias de niñas y niños. Discuto este trabajo como una cartografía que orienta hacia una despolitización de la violencia infantil.

El profesorado se encuentra en una situación privilegiada para poder detectar el maltrato infantil, pero solo un pequeño porcentaje de los casos conocidos son notificados por las escuelas. Existen protocolos de detección y herramientas para facilitarla, pero aun así la detección por parte del profesorado parece encontrar obstáculos. Este estudio pretende conocer las cifras de detección y notificación en las escuelas e indagar qué variables pueden incidir en ellas. Se realizó un cuestionario auto administrado de 29 preguntas a los 79 tutores de educación infantil y primaria de seis colegios de una ciudad de 16 500 habitantes de Cataluña. Los resultados concluyen que el profesorado considera que no está bien formado y apenas detecta posibles casos de maltrato infantil, pero, en caso de detectarlos, informan a su superior. Variables como la identificación de casos de maltrato sin violencia física y la edad correlacionan con la detección.