Search

V diplomskem delu sem predstavila pesnico in pisateljico Doro Gruden (1900–1986), ki je bila rojena v Nabrežini pri Trstu, a se je zaradi vojne veliko selila. Živela je v Beogradu, na Dunaju, v Portorožu in na koncu svoje poti v Ljubljani, kjer je tudi umrla. Bivanje stran od svoje rodne zemlje jo je zelo bolelo in vplivalo na njeno delo. Zgodovinsko-politično ozadje, ki je botrovalo njenim selitvam, tako evropsko kot tudi zamejsko, sem predstavila takoj na začetku diplomskega dela. Predstavitvi življenja in dela Dore Gruden sledi kratka predstavitev literarnih značilnosti časa in dela Dore Gruden. Analiza kritik njenega literarnega opusa bralca utrdi v prepričanju, da je Dora Gruden pesnica, ki bi si zaslužila večje priznanje v literarni zgodovini. Žal je živela v obdobju, ko so bile ženske literarne ustvarjalke v senci moških kolegov. Dora Gruden je bila sicer sestra precej bolj poznanega Iga Grudna. Njena literarna zapuščina ni nikoli prišla v ospredje. Izdala je le eno pesniško zbirko, Rdeče kamelije. Glavne teme njenega ustvarjanja so ljubezenska (hrepenenje, erotika), domovinska (Kras, smrt), iskanje poti in smisla življenja. Pesmi Dore Gruden so se rojevale iz izkušenj, ki ji jih je življenje prineslo kot ženski. Podobno je tudi delo drugih ženskih avtoric nastalo na temelju življenjskih izkušenj in potrebe po izpovedi le-teh. Na koncu naloge tako Doro Gruden primerjam z ostalimi pesnicami, ki so delovale sočasno, z Maro Lamut, Makso Samsa, Ljubko Šorli, Lili Novy in prozaistkami Branko Jurco, Marijo Kmet in Mileno Mohorčič.

In this diploma I will analyse in detail several selected poems by one of the world’s most acknowledged and famous artists. Leonard Cohen is a Canadian poet, novelist, songwriter and singer who has written novels, countless poems and lyrics that have been published in his poem collections and albums. In his life, he has won many awards, titles and honours. On the other hand, there is much more to this man than these achievements. One of the reasons he has maintained his position amongst the best is the themes he writes about. Personal relationships, separation, sexuality and isolation are a few of the reflections in his works. Other keynotes to his poems are religion and spirituality. He was born in a Jewish family, but that did not stop him from experimenting and studying other religions. He has been especially keen to Buddhism and Christianity, which he often refers to in his poems and songs. Furthermore, a number of times his songs are socio-politically oriented. He has expressed his views and disagreements on current events through his lyrics where he has been quite sharp and scornful. He has experimented with different musical instruments and has worked with different artists on his projects, which is a proof of his continuous development and searching. V diplomskem delu smo poskusili podrobneje spoznati enega najbolj cenjenih in slavnih umetnikov. Gospod Leonard Cohen je Kanadski poet, romanopisec, tekstopisec in pevec. Napisal je kar nekaj romanov, nešteto pesmi in besedil, ki so bili objavljeni v njegovih albumih in zbirkah. Dobil je veliko nagrad, odlikovanj in nazivov. Vendar pa smo prepričani, da se za vsemi temi dosežki skriva še veliko več. Izmed razlogov, da se je uspel obdržati med najboljšimi, so prav gotovo teme, o katerih piše v svojih besedilih. Medosebni odnosi, ločitve, osamljenost, izolacija in pa seksualnost je samo nekaj delčkov, o katerih razmišlja v svojih delih. Še dve osrednji temi njegovih pesmi in besedil sta duhovnost in religija. Cohen se je sicer rodil v judovsko družino, kar pa ga ni ustavilo, da bi se spogledoval tudi z drugimi verstvi. Preizkusil in preučeval je budizem in krščanstvo, na katera se pogosto obrača v svojih delih. Nadalje so njegove pesmi velikokrat socialno –politične. V svojih besedilih je bil pogosto precej oster in kritičen, ko je izražal svoja nestrinjanja in vidike o aktualnih dogodkih. Eksperimentiral je z različnimi glasbenimi inštrumenti in sodeloval z raznimi umetniki na različnih projektih, kar kaže njegovo konstantno iskanje in razvoj.

Ljubezen in spoštovanje imata v literaturi pomembno vlogo, saj sta vodilna nit marsikaterega literarnega dela. V svoja dela ju je vpletla tudi francoska pisateljica Madame de La Fayette. Diplomsko delo predstavlja dojemanje pojmov ljubezen in spoštovanje v romanu Kneginja Klevska. V teoretičnem delu predstavljam francosko pisateljico Madame de La Fayette, njen roman z naslovom Kneginja Klevska, obdobje klasicizma, v katerem je pisateljica ustvarjala, ter dojemanje pojmov ljubezen in spoštovanje v 17. stoletju in danes. V empiričnem delu pa je vsa pozornost usmerjena na to, kako omenjena pojma razumejo oz. dojemajo tri izbrane osebe iz romana. Analizo tega dojemanja sem izvedla na podlagi štirih izbranih dogodkov, poimenovanih Ples, Pismo, Izpoved ljubezni in Odpoved ljubezni. Love and respect play an important role in literature, they are the main theme of many literary works. Both concepts also play an important part in the works of Madame De LaFayete. This diploma thesis deals with the perception of love and respect in the novel with the title The Princesse de Cleves. In the theoretical part we introduce the French author Madame De LaFayette, her novel The Princesse de Cleves, classicism the period in which the author created her works and we also describe the perception of the concepts of love and respect in the 17th century and today. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on how the three chosen characters from the novel understand or perceive the two above mentioned concepts. The analysis of their perception is based on four chosen events from the novel which are named: The Dance, The Letter, The Declaration of Love and The Rejection of Love.

Pri našem raziskovanju smo bili osredotočeni na literarna dela, članke, eseje in feljtone Perspektiv, ki so ustrezali tematiki in metodologiji doživljanja ljubezni kot eksistencialne sile. Raziskovali smo neavtentičnost človeka v sodobnem svetu, Bloch-Michelovo vprašanje zveličanja, problem alienacije in Gorzejevega "veselega robota". V Božičevem romanu Izven smo se soočali z mejnimi situacijami človekove psihe in razkrinkali oklep, pod katerim se skriva posameznik v družbi. V esejih Bloch-Michela, Heideggerja, Lowenthala idr. smo iskali substitut za stanje po ukinitvi boga. Ogledali smo si fenomen smrti pri Božiču, Zajcu, Solerju, Drumond de Andreadeu in Frommu ter prepoznali ključ do vrat ljubezni pri Popovićevi poeziji. Wienersova poezija z vprašanjem dokončane črte in poezija Vegrijeve z vprašanjem pojoče ovratnice časa nas je preokupirala z raziskovanjem največjega strahu - minljivosti. V Makarovičevih esejih smo odkrili telepatijo umetnine. Posebej smo se posvetili beli simboliki Strniševega samoroga in okoliščinam, v katerih se pojavlja. Vrh našega raziskovanja je bila Šoljanova pesem Eksaltacija v pomladnem dežju, ki je s svojo brezčasnostjo in z elementom ljubezni nabito energijo osmislila naše raziskovanje. Šoljanovi eksaltaciji enakovredna utež je bila lirična proza Krambergerjevega Fanta skupaj s poezijo Iva, Gotovca, Eluarda, Kocbeka in Ferlinghettija. Prisluhnili smo afriški zavesti in liriki Mandessija, Diopa, Hughesa in Senghorja ter soglašali z afriško prizemljenostjo, udeleženostjo, sočutjem. Ob koncu smo silno voljo doživljanja odkrivali v zenu, katerega cilj je satori - stanje bliskovitega razsvetljenja. Poezija Jacka Kerouaca je bila pravo utelešenje prakticiranja zena, hkrati pa utelešenje naše metode raziskovanja - doživljanja ter naše tematike raziskovanja - zveličanja oz. ljubezni kot eksistencialne sile. In our research we focus on literary works, articles, essays and feuilletons in Perspektive magazine that are in line with the topic and methodology of experiencing love as an existential force. We research the inauthenticity of a human in the modern world, Bloch-Michel’s salvation issue and the problem of alienation in Gorze’s “happy robot”. In Božič’s novel Izven we encounter border situations of human psyche and expose the shell, under which an individual hides in society. In essays by Bloch-Michel, Heidegger, Lowenthal and others we search for a substitute for the state that arose after god was abolished. We look into the phenomenon of death in works of Božič, Zajc, Soler, Drumond de Andreade and Fromm, and recognize the key to the gate of love in Popović’s poetry. Wieners’ poetry with the question of a finished line and Vegri’s poetry with the question of the singing collar of time occupy us with research of the greatest fear – fleetingness. In Makarovič’s essays we discover the telepathy of an artwork. We deal with the white symbolism of Strniša’s unicorn and the circumstances in which it appears. The pinnacle of our research is Šoljan’s poem Eksaltacija v pomladnem dežju that gave meaning to our research with its timelessness and energy, filled with the element of love. Kramberger’s lyrical prose Fanta, together with the poetry of Ivo, Gotovac, Eluard, Kocbek and Ferlinghetti, presents the balance to Šoljan’s exaltation. We listen to African consciousness in the poetry of Mandessi, Diop, Hughes and Senghor, and agree with African down-to-earthness, participation and compassion. At the end, we explore the immense will of experiencing in Zen, the goal of which is satori – a state of sudden enlightenment. Jack Kerouac’s poetry is a true embodiment of Zen practising, and at the same time the embodiment of our research method – experiencing and our research topic – salvation and love as existential force.

Smrt in bolečina sta poglavitni besedi, ki ju skozi diplomsko delo največkrat omenimo. Zakaj je ravno smrt tista vodilna beseda Gradnikove lirike? In zakaj je bolečina, katere pravi izraz pesnik neomahljivo išče, tako neizpodbitni del njega, da se šele skoznjo ovrednotijo Gradnikova najpomembnejša dela? Kljub splošni opredelitvi, da Alojz Gradnik velja za izrazito pesimističnega pesnika, pa sama menim, da ga pesimizem ne opredeljuje do te mere, da bi bil poznan zgolj po njem ali vsaj ne v prvi vrsti. Njegova smrt in njegova bolečina sta prepredeni v celoto nežnih, niansiranih in barvitih besed, ki te ganejo od znotraj. Kakor ladja te zanese njegova poezija, ki je melanholična, kajti neizživeta mladost ostaja v preteklosti, a ne tone v pozabo ki je neutrudljivo boleča, kajti bolečine se ne vidi konca in je globoka, kajti resnično prihaja iz globočin ranjenega srca. Zato je poezija težka in za vrednotenje potrebuje dovzetnega bralca, ki v bolečini ne kloni, ampak jo sprejme, in ki sam razume življenje kakor pot, na kateri je vsak dan vedno znova in znova za vselej izgubljen, zato pa končni cilj poti toliko bolj mističen. Prepričana sem, da je poezija Alojza Gradnika daleč od tega, da bi jo vrednotili zgolj s pesimizmom, pa vendar brez pesimizma ne bi bila, kar je – lepota. The key words mentioned most frequently throughout the relevant thesis, are death and pain. But why exactly is death the ultimate keyword of Gradnik’s poetry? And why is pain such an integral element of the author and his effort to find an adequate expression, that his most important works can only be assessed through this central concept? Despite the predominant perception of Alojz Gradnik being a distinctly pessimistic poet, I personally believe that this pessimism does not determine him to such extend, that his work would be known exclusively or even predominantly for its pronounced pessimism. His death and his paint are interwoven with the totality of gentle, colorful and nuanced words, which touch you from within. Like a ship his poetry takes you on a journey through its melancholy, as the unfulfilled youth remains in the past, yet does not fade into obscurity it is relentlessly painful, as it cannot be recognized till the end and it is deeply felt, as it truly arises from the depths of a wounded heart. And it is for this reason why poetry is difficult and why it requires a perceptive reader, who does not surrender to the pain but rather embraces it, because they understand life as a journey, on which each day is repeatedly lost for ever, thus making the final destination all the more mystical. This leads me to believe that the integral pessimism of Alojz Gradnik’s poetry by far is not the only alternative to describe it, as without it, it would not be what it is – beautiful.

Prešernova poezija, čista, suverena in brez dvoma večna, je v nasprotju z njegovim nadvse nesrečnim življenjem. V celoti je zasnovana tako, da se ljubezenski motivi zmeraj znova vračajo v njeno središče vodilni motiv je motiv ženske, ki ima mnoge različice in podobe (Kos, 1994). Ženske so imele pomembno vlogo v Prešernovem življenju izbira ženske je vplivala na njegovo osebno usodo. V diplomski nalogi smo analizirali ženske like v Prešernovi poeziji, saj je v večini njegove romantične poezije ljubezenska tema, najpomembnejša pa prav vloga ženskega lika. Pri izbiri pesmi smo se omejili le na določene pesmi, in sicer na tiste, v katerih je ženski lik najbolj izrazit. Želeli smo ugotoviti, koliko je v pesmih uporabljenih avtobiografskih elementov oz. ali se ženski liki navezujejo na ženske iz pesnikovega resničnega življenja. Omenjeno smo primerjali tudi glede na pesnikovo obdobje ustvarjanja. Diplomska naloga je zaključena z ugotovitvijo, da se v večini Prešernove poezije pojavljajo avtobiografski elementi in da se ženski lik običajno navezuje na določeno dekle iz resničnega življenja, hkrati pa se ženski lik razlikuje glede na obdobja pesnjenja. Prešeren’s poetry, pure, sovereign, and without a doubt eternal, is in contrast with his deeply unhappy life. As a whole it is designed so that the main love object keeps returning to its center the leading motif is the motif of the woman who has many versions and images (Kos, 1994). Women had an important role in the poet’s life the choice of women has had an impact on his personal destiny. In this graduate task, we analyzed the female characters in Prešeren’s poetry, as the theme of love is the most common in his romantic poetry, the most important, however, is the role of the female character. When choosing the poems, we focused only on certain poems, namely those in which the female character is the most obvious. We wanted to know to what extent the poems are autobiographical and whether the female characters are related to the women from the poet's real life. We compared the mentioned according to his creation period. The graduation thesis is concluded with the finding that the majority of Prešeren’s poetry includes autobiographical elements, and that the female character usually refers to a certain girl from real life, while at the same time the female characters vary depending on the period of his artistic creation.

Puberteta je čas, ko se naše telo spreminja, spremembe trajajo več let in jih doživljajo učenci v osnovni šoli, zato smo želeli raziskati, kako te spremembe vplivajo na učence in kako jim pri tem pomagajo učitelji. V teoretičnem delu smo izpostavili teme odraščanja otrok in medosebne odnose, kot jih obravnavajo avtorji strokovnih del. Posvetili smo se obdobju pubertete in tveganemu spolnemu vedenju najstnikov, ki vstopajo v spolne odnose. Izpostavili smo, da so poleg staršev za vzgojo in s tem tudi za spolno vzgojo najstnikov odgovorni tudi učitelji, saj se prve ljubezni kujejo že v šoli. Mladostniki spoznavajo povsem novo razsežnost ljubezni, ki se nanaša na spolnost. Najbolj naravna stvar na svetu je, da se zaljubimo in spoznamo, da pri tem ne igra glavne vloge le srce, ampak tudi telo. Opozorimo na dejstvo, da spolna vzgoja v šoli pripomore tudi k boljši ozaveščenosti najstnikov o spolno prenosljivih boleznih. V šoli se učenci seznanijo z vsebinami s področja spolne vzgoje, izvedba programov pa je odvisna od učnih načrtov, učbenikov in usposobljenosti učiteljev. V raziskavi smo preverjali znanje učencev o vsebinah s področja spolne vzgoje in ugotovili, da je večina učencev s temi vsebinami seznanjena. Največ vsebin s področja spolne vzgoje so učenci obravnavali pri predmetu biologija in pri razrednih urah. Kljub temu pa učenci še vedno pogrešajo vsebine o pripravljenosti na spolne odnose. Medpredmetno povezovanje zahteva dodatno oblikovanje učnih načrtov, izobraževanje za učitelje, prilagoditev učnih pripomočkov in enake možnosti izvedbe predlaganih vsebin. Naša raziskava je pokazala, da več učiteljev meni, da ima dovolj znanja za poučevanje zahtevnih vsebin s področja spolne vzgoje, kljub temu pa jih nekaj meni, da nimajo dovolj znanja oziroma se o tem ne morejo opredeliti. Učitelji bi dodatne vsebine posameznih tem, kot so »Življenjske in spolne navade v različnih zgodovinskih obdobjih in kulturah«, »Značilnosti odraščanja na čustvenem področju«, »Razvoj pozitivne samopodobe«, »Medosebni odnosi med spoloma« in »Zaljubljenost, ljubezen, razočaranje« uvrstili k predmetoma biologija in domovinska in državljanska kultura ter etika. Glede na izide raziskave smo oblikovali predlog, kako bi te vsebine lahko vključili k posameznim predmetom. Upoštevali smo operativne cilje, ki jih že zajemajo učni načrti omenjenih predmetov in jih dopolnili s svojimi predlogi. Puberty is s period in our life, when our body is changing. These changes may last a few years especially for pupils in elementary schools. Therefore we wanted to research, how do they effect on pupils and if teachers can help them. In the theoretical part of the research we have exposed topics about growing up and interpersonal relationships from the authors of some professional works. We focused on the growing up period and on the risk-taking sexual behavior of the teenagers, who are entering into sexual relationships. We have also highlighted that both parents and teachers are responsible for the education and sexual education of the teenagers, because first loves can already appear in the elementary schools. Young people learn about new dimensions of love, which concerns sexuality. The most natural thing in the world is to fall in love and we have to realize that both is important not just the heart but also the body. It is important to note, that sexual education in school can contribute to a better awareness of teenagers about sexually transmitted diseases. In the school pupils become acquainted with the topics about sexual education. Implement of the program depends on the curriculum, textbooks and the teachers' skills. In our research we have been checking pupils’ knowledge about sexual education topics. We established that the majority of the pupils are acquainted with the contents. The majority of the contents about sexual education were discussed at biology lessons and at the class lessons. Pupils still miss contents about preparedness for the sexual intercourse. Cross-curricular approaches require additional forming of the curriculums, education of the teachers, adjustment of the teaching aids and equal opportunities for implementation of the proposed contents. Our research has shown, that a few teachers considers that they have enough knowledge for teaching more complex sexual education contents, but there are also some teachers that do not have enough knowledge conversely they can not be determined about it. Teacher would like to include to some school subjects such as a biology, civic education and ethics some additional contents like »Life and sexual customs from the different historical periods and cultures«, »Characteristics of growing up on emotional fields», »Development of the positive self-esteem», »Interpersonal relationships among genders» and »Falling in love, love and disappointment». In accordance with the research outcome we also developed the proposal, how to include these contents to specific subjects. We took into account operational objectives, which are already in the curriculums of the mentioned school subjects and we supplemented them with our submissions.

Magistrsko delo se osredotoča na analizo ljubezni v Rousseaujevem romanu Julija ali Nova Heloiza in v Goethejevem romanu Trpljenje mladega Wertherja. Rousseau je razsvetljenski pisatelj, ki v Novi Heloizi s predromantičnim navdušenjem nad naravo in poudarjeno čustvenostjo literarnih oseb napoveduje novo obdobje v literaturi. Goethe sodi v obdobje predromantike. Pri obeh romanih gre za sentimentalni roman, ki prikazuje tragično ljubezensko zgodbo. Edina oblika, ki jo je sentimentalizem sam ustvaril, je roman v pismih, kar je skupno obema obravnavanima romanoma. Namen magistrske naloge je bil potrditi tezo, da je tema ljubezni v romanu Julija ali Nova Heloiza in v romanu Trpljenje mladega Wertherja tesno povezana s kontekstom sentimentalizma. Za analizo povezanosti teme ljubezni s kontekstom sentimentalizma je uporabljena predvsem teorija Katarine Bogataj-Gradišnik. Iz analize je razvidno, da so pri obeh romanih v ospredju čustva glavnih junakov, za oba je značilen »ljubezenski trikot« in že sama oblika romana, torej roman v pismih, kaže na osrednje značilnosti sentimentalizma. Pomembna je tudi narava, s katero glavna junaka opisujeta svoja čustva in občutja. Z analizo izražanja ljubezni je bilo ugotovljeno, da je v ospredju hrepenenje po nedoseženi ljubljeni, trpljenje in pasivnost. Vrsto ljubezni lahko najpogosteje povežemo s konceptom dvorske ljubezni, katere glavna značilnost je neuresničljivost ljubezni, saj so med zaljubljencema prevelike, nepremagljive ovire. Romana Julija ali Nova Heloiza in Trpljenje mladega Wertherja sta še danes zelo brana, saj sta med drugim na seznamu za obvezno branje v srednjih šolah. Master's thesis is centered on analysis of love in Rousseau's novel Julie, or the New Heloise and Goethe's novel The Sorrows of Young Werther. Rousseau is one of the Enlightenment writers, who in his New Heloise sets a new era in literature with his pre-romantic enthusiasm of nature and also highlighted emotions of the protagonists in work itself. Goethe is one of the participants in Weimar Classicism. Both works in thesis are sentimental novels picturing tragic love story. Sentimentalism created these epistolary novels, which are novels written in composition of letters. And both works are representatives of this. The idea of master's thesis was to confirm that the topic of love in works Julie, or the New Heloise and The Sorrows of Young Werther is closely connected to the context of Sentimentalism. In order to analyse this connection the theory of one Katarina Bogataj-Gradišnik was used. The analysis shows that indeed both novels center on feelings of main protagonists, both show the love triangle, and lastly the structure of the novels themselves, since they're written in letters, supports that thesis. These all show most significant characteristics of Sentimentalism. The nature of describing emotions and senses of main protagonists is also very important. Analysis of declaration and portraying of love shows that in the centre there is longing for unreachable loved one, suffering and pasiveness. This type of love is most commonly known as the concept of love from apart, where there is unrealisable love due to greater and invincible obstacles between the two loved ones. These two novels Julie, or the New Heloise and The Sorrows of Young Werther are still the most readable novels, also in part because they are on the mandatory reading lists in secondary schools.

Ljudska pesem je bila nepogrešljiv del vsakdanjega življenja in vez med ljudmi. Zoltan Kodály je dejal, da je glasba, ki je bila otrokom položena v zibelko, njihova prvotna glasbena dediščina. Učenci se v začetku spoznavajo in najlažje učijo preko ljudske pesmi, ki je naravna, lahka in enostavna. Besedila so preprosta in vendar zelo poučna in pomenljiva. S pravilnim pristopom in z ljubeznijo do sebe, sveta in glasbe, lahko otroke naučimo vrednot in jim s tem, kot vzgojitelji, damo najlepšo možno popotnico za življenje. Ljudska pesem se razlikuje po besedni in glasbeni plati od umetne poezije in glasbe. Poleg tega vsebuje pester spekter elementov, ki opravičujejo njeno samostojnost in so predmet raziskovanja etnomuzikologije, ne pa literarne zgodovine, etnologije in muzikologije. Značajske karakteristike posameznega naroda narekujejo način življenja, kulturo in tudi ljudsko izražanje, zato je v diplomski nalogi zajet oris najznačilnejših potez Slovencev. Ker pa je v ospredu raziskave tudi vrednota ljubezen, o tem spregovorimo v soodvisnosti z medsebojnimi odnosi tako v širšem družbenem okolju kot tudi v družini. Skupni imenovalec diplomske naloge je slovenska ljudska pesem, ki skozi vrednoto ljubezni pripomore k celostnemu razvoju posameznika tako na duhovni, čustveni, intelektualni kot tudi fizični ravni. Primeri pisnih priprav na posamezne učne ure prikazujejo, kako lahko ob uporabi slovenske ljudske pesmi razvijamo pozitivne vrednote. Folk song was an indispensable part of everyday life and the bond between people. Zoltan Kodály said that the music, placed to the children in the cradle, was their original musical heritage. Students initially get to know each other and learn easily through folk songs, which are natural, easy and simple. The lyrics are simple, but very instructive and meaningful. With the right approach and love of world and music and self-love children can learn values and thereby, as educators, we give them the nicest possible guidelines for life. Folk songs are different from artificial poetry and music by verbal and musical sides. Furthermore, they include a diverse range of elements to justify their independence and are subject of researching ethnomusicology, not literary history, ethnology and musicology. Temperament characteristics of each nation dictate the way of life, culture and folk expression, therefore this diploma paper include an outline of the most characteristic features of the Slovenes. Because the value of love is at the forefront of research, we talk about the interdependence of mutual relations in the broader social environment as well as in the family. The common denominator of the diploma paper is Slovenian folk song which through the value of love contributes to the holistic development of the individual's spiritual, emotional, intellectual as well as physical level. Examples of written preparation for individual lessons demonstrate how positive values are developed by the use of Slovenian folk songs.

Namen diplomskega dela Življenje in delo Aleksandra Rauterja – duhovnika, pesnika in profesorja matematike – je bil, predstaviti Rauterjevo literarno ustvarjanje na podlagi sedmih tematskih sklopov, in sicer ljubezni, smrti, življenja, duhovnih, zgodovinskih in ljudskih pesmi ter pesmi, ki jih je pesnik posvetil pesnikom in pisateljem. Pričujoče delo prinaša strnjen pregled njegovega literarnega ustvarjanja, iskanje podobnosti in razlik med posameznimi pesniškimi zbirkami. Diplomsko delo je bilo teoretično zastavljeno, nastalo je s poglobljenim študijem literature in virov, tako da predstavlja ustvarjalen prispevek. Pri obravnavi so bile uporabljene naslednje metode: deskriptivna metoda (življenjepis Aleksandra Rauterja), komparativna metoda (primerjanje tematskih sklopov ljubezni, smrti, življenja, duhovne, zgodovinske in ljudske pesmi ter pesmi o pesnikih in pisateljih), metoda klasifikacije (umestitev literarnega ustvarjanja Aleksandra Rauterja v slovenski prostor in književnost) ter metoda sinteze in analize (analiza ugotovljenih dejstev). Pri analiziranju in sintetiziranju Rauterjevih literarnih del se je pokazalo, da so motivi zelo različni, saj je obseg njegovega zanimanja za raznovrstno tematiko zelo obsežen. Snov je pri večini pesmi vzeta iz avtorjevih doživetij in doživljanj, zato je pogosto opazna njegova refleksija. Prepoznavna sporočilnost njegovih pesmi je, da majhnim dogodkom pripiše velik pomen skozi te želi bralce svoje poezije voditi v skladu s krščanskimi vrednotami in nauki. The purpose of diploma thesis “Life and work of Alexander Rauter”, a priest, poet and professor of mathematics, was to present Rauter's literary work based on seven themes. These themes are love, death, life, spiritual, historical and folk songs as well as lyrics which the poet dedicated to poets and writers. The present work provides a concise overview of his literary work as well as searching for similarities and differences between his collections of poetry. The thesis is based on theory and is the result of a thorough study of literature and other sources. The following theoretical methods were used: the descriptive method (Alexander Rauter’s curriculum vitæ), the comparative method (comparing the themes of love, death, life, spiritual, historical and folk songs and poems about poets and writers), the method of classification (classifying Alexander Rauter’s literary work in Slovene area and literature) and the method of synthesis and analysis (analysis of facts). In the analysis and synthesis of Rauter's literary work is shown that the motives are very different because of his interest for a variety of topics. The subject of his poems is mostly taken from the author's experience and perception and therefore his reflection is often noticeable. Recognizable characteristic of his poems is that small events are given great significance through which the author wants to lead readers of his poetry accordant with Christian values and doctrine.

Kako naj vzgajam svojega otroka? je pogosto vprašanje, ki si ga dandanes postavljajo starši. Vsi si želimo svojemu otroki dati kar najprimernejšo vzgojo, vendar pa si ne želimo, da bi bil razvajen. Starši morajo razumeti, kaj so otrokove edinstvene potrebe, saj jih le tako lahko dajo svojemu otroku. Ljubezen je čustvo, ki ga otrok najprej čuti, ko pride na svet, in ki ga bo spremljalo skozi vse življenje. Otrok se ob nežnosti, pozornosti staršev počuti varnega in sprejetega. Ljubezen moramo otroku dajati v obliki, ki bo najbolj koristila njegovemu razvoju. Vendar pa ljubezen, čeprav je bistvena, ni dovolj. Otrok potrebuje za zdrav razvoj meje, ki mu kažejo pravo pot, kaj je prav in do kod sme. Meje je potrebno začeti postavljati že v zgodnjem otroštvu, preden pa jih začnemo postavljati, moramo jasno določiti pravila, ki bodo veljala pri vzgoji otroka. Meje morajo biti jasne, trdne in pravične, otrok se jih mora zavedati in se jih držati. Otroku bodo pomagale, da bo kasneje znal primerno uveljavljati svoje interese, ideje, da se bo znal postaviti zase in se ne pustil drugim. Otroci imajo meje radi, saj takrat vedo, kaj smejo in kaj ne. Sprejemajo jih kot nekaj samoumevnega in postanejo del njihovega življenja, če jih le začnemo postavljati dovolj zgodaj in če se jih dosledno držimo. “How should I bring up my child?” is a common question that parents ask themselves nowadays. Everyone wishes to give his child the most appropriate upbringing, but we do not want him to be spoilt. Parents need to understand what the child’s unique needs are, while this is the only way that they can give them to him. Love is an emotion that a child experiences first when he comes to the world and a feeling, which will accompany him through his whole life. If a child receives gentleness and attention from parents, he feels safe and accepted. We have to give love to a child in a form that will serve his upbringing best. Although love is essential, it is not enough. A child needs boundaries for a healthy upbringing, which show him the right path, enable him to distinguish right from wrong and tell him how far he may go. Boundaries must already be established in early childhood. But, before we start establishing them, we have to define clear rules, which will apply to the child’s upbringing. Boundaries must be clear, firm and just a child must be aware of them and stick to them. They will help him to assert his interests and ideas properly, to stand up for himself and defend himself. Children like boundaries. While having them, they know what they can and cannot do. They accept boundaries as something natural and they become a part of their lives if only we start establishing them early enough and are consistent in applying them.

Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati mladinsko prozo Marjane Moškrič ter predstaviti teorijo socialno-psihološkega romana, teorijo pravljice ter fantastične pripovedi in fantastičnega romana in hkrati vsebinsko ovrednotiti avtoričina dela in ugotoviti, katera snov, teme in motivi se pojavljajo v njenih delih. The purpose of the diploma paper was to research Marjana Moškrič`s juvenile prose and to present the theory of young-adult realistic socio-psychological genre, the theory of fairytale, fantasy story and novel and at the same time evaluate the content of her work and analyse which content, themes and motifs can be found in her works.

V diplomskem delu z naslovom Vrednotni vidik zasebnosti med mladimi v Sloveniji smo želeli raziskati vrednote, ki se povezujejo z zasebnim življenjem (partnerstvo, zakonska zveza, ljubezen, družina, spolnost), in odnos mladih do teh vrednot. Diplomsko delo je razdeljeno na dva glavna dela. V prvem, teoretičnem delu smo obravnavali opredelitve vrednot in vrednote, ki se vežejo na zasebno življenje. Prikazali smo, da se vrednote mladih skozi zgodovinska obdobja spreminjajo, prav tako so vrednote, ki se nanašajo na zasebno življenje, v različnih kulturah različne oziroma različno sprejete. Pri vrednotnih orientacijah v zasebnosti so jasno razvidne velike razlike med spoloma. V empiričnem delu smo najprej uporabili relevantne podatke iz baz podatkov raziskav Mladina 2000 in Mladina 2010, s čimer smo lahko prikazali spreminjanje vrednotnih orientacij v desetletnem razmiku in pomikanje starostnih mej v pomembnih prehodih zasebnosti. Izvedli smo tudi lastno anketno raziskavo, katere podatki so nam omogočili pridobiti še odgovore na vprašanja o vrednotah mladih ter o stališčih mladih glede partnerstva, zakonske zveze, družine, spolnosti in usklajevanja družinskega ter kariernega življenja. In this final thesis entitled Privacy Aspect of Values Among Young People in Slovenia, we want to explore the values that are associated with private life (partnership, marriage, love, family, sexuality) and the attitude of young people to these values. The final thesis is divided into two main sections. In the first, theoretical part, we discussed the definition of values and the values linked to private life. We have shown that through historical periods the values of young people are changing. Besides this, the values relating to private life in different cultures are different or are accepted in a different way. In value orientation in privacy, there are clear significant differences between the sexes. In the empirical part, we first used the relevant information from databases and researches Youth 2000 and Youth 2010, which we could use to show the changing of the values orientations within a decade. We could also point out the movement between the age limits in the important crossing of privacy. We have also carried out a survey research and gained the data that enabled us to obtain the answers to questions about the values of young people and their views regarding partnership, marriage, family, sexuality, and balancing of the family and career life.

Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti žanre mladinskega realističnega romana in ugotoviti, katera snov, teme in motivi se pojavljajo v šestih mladinskih realističnih romanih novozelandskega pisatelja Davida Hilla, prevedenih v slovenski jezik. Prebranih, analiziranih in primerjanih je bilo šest romanov. Dva od teh, Saj bo bolje in Korak pred plameni, spadata v žanr mladinskega realističnega avanturističnega romana. Dela Se vid'va, Simon!, Prav tam, kjer boli, Vračanje in Duet sodijo v žanr mladinskega socialno-psihološkega romana. Snov, ki je predstavljena v posameznem romanu, se dotika problemov, s katerimi se srečujemo vsak dan. Najstnik, ki je na meji med otrokom in odraslim, se težko spopada s situacijo, v kateri se znajde in se trudi, da bi težave razrešil, kljub temu, da se mu velikokrat zdi, da jim s svojimi izkušnjami ni kos. Stranski motivi in teme, ki se prepletajo v delih, so zaljubljenost, ljubosumje, sovraštvo, osamljenost, razočaranje, jeza, žalost, strah, tveganje, neuspeh, ločitev, samomor in pustolovščina. Glavne teme in motivi, ki se pojavijo v vseh šestih romanih, pa so prijateljstvo, ljubezen, družina in umiranje ter smrt. The purpose of the diploma paper was to present the genres of the young-adult realistic novels and analyse which content, themes and motifs can be found in six of the young-adult realistic novels written by the New Zealand writer David Hill and translated to Slovenian. Six novels were read, analysed and compared. Two of the novels, Saj bo bolje and Korak pred plameni belong to the genre of young-adult realistic adventure novel. The works Se vid'va, Simon!, Prav tam, kjer boli, Vračanje and Duet belong to the young-adult realistic socio-psychological genre. The content which is presented in every novel deals with the everyday problems we encounter. A teenager somewhere between a child and an adult copes with the situation he or she is engaged in with a great difficulty. He or she tries to solve the problems even though the situation is too difficult to handle because of the lack of the teenager's experience. Supporting themes and motifs that can be found in the novels are falling in love, jelousy, hatred, loneliness, disappointment, anger, sadness, fear, risk, failure, divorce, suicide and adventure. Leading themes that are included in all six novels are friendship, love, family, death and dying.

In the bourgeois families maidservants were obligatory – we could say self–evident. They characterised the bourgeois cultural life and status and played an important role in the bourgeois families. In the bourgeois households they were responsible for domestic and personal chores. A comprehensive analysis of the issue of servant girls cannot avoid the world of contemporary love, sex and morality. Double standards were characteristic of the bourgeois society, and sex drive as a need was only acknowledged as far as men were concerned. Men could seek the satisfaction of their desires outside of what was deemed as socially acceptable. Double standards also flourished behind the closed doors of the bourgeois homes. On the basis of the preserved resources the contribution explores sexual and love affairs of bourgeois fathers and sons involving servant girls. These are the typical patterns of the so–called lower forms of love or ordinary love with the aim of satisfying the sexual needs of bourgeois men. The author also focuses on the issue of illegitimate children, prostitution, and harmful pulp literature. Many girls came to the cities and became maidservants in the hope of getting married. Therefore these girls also pursued their hope for a better life with personal ads. The search for an appropriate husband could also be dangerous, since servant girls could also become victims of con artists or even murderers., Nekaj obveznega, lahko bi rekli samoumevnega, so bile v meščanskih družinah služkinje. Dajale so pečat meščanskemu kulturnemu habitusu, meščanskemu statusu; v meščanski družini so igrale poglavitno vlogo. V meščanskih gospodinjstvih so bile zadolžene za domača in osebna opravila. Pri celostnem obravnavanju problematike služkinj se ni mogoče izogniti svetu takratne ljubezni, spolnosti in morale. Za meščansko družbo je bila značilna dvojna morala, spolni nagon kot potreba pa se je priznaval le moškemu. Moški si je zadovoljitev svojih nagonov lahko poiskal zunaj družbeno sprejemljivega. Dvojna morala se je bohotila tudi za zaprtimi vrati meščanskega stanovanja. Prispevek na podlagi ohranjenih virov obravnava spolne in ljubezenske afere meščanskih očetov in sinov z domačimi služkinjami. Gre za tipične vzorce t. i. nižje, navadne ljubezni, ki je služila zadostitvi seksualnih potreb meščanskega moškega. Avtor obravnava tudi problem nezakonskih otrok, prostitucije in kvarne šund literature. Mnoge služkinje so prišle služit v mesto z željo, da bi se omožile. Upanje na boljše življenje so dekleta zato iskala tudi v ženitnih oglasih. Iskanje primernega moža pa je bilo lahko tudi nevarno, saj so služkinje lahko postale tudi žrtve prevarantov ali celo morilcev.

Gabriel García Márquez, eden največjih sodobnih svetovnih pisateljev, znan tudi kot Nobelov nagrajenec za roman Sto let samote, je v svojih treh romanih: O ljubezni in drugih demonih, Žalostne kurbe mojega življenja in Ljubezen v času kolere izpostavil temo ljubezni in motiv erotike. Oba pojma se vseskozi prepletata in v fabulo romanov vnašata napetost in nepredvidljivost dogajanja. Tema ljubezni, ki je prisotna v treh oblikah, in sicer kot večna, kot hrepenenje in kot iluzija, na nekaterih mestih erotiko dopolnjuje, na nekaterih pa jo izključuje. Ljubezen in erotika sta na prvi pogled pojma, ki ju lahko pridamo vsaki osebi, vendar pa pisatelj s pomočjo obeh nazorno oriše glavne junake in nam jih predstavi kot trpeča bitja. Eni trpijo zaradi prepovedane, neuslišane in hrepeneče ljubezni, drugi pa zaradi zasužnjenosti z erotičnimi nagnjenji. Prisotnost ljubezni in erotike v vseh treh romanih ponazarja globoko razsežnost človeka kot spolnega bitja, ki je ali ni sposoben ljubiti, bitja, ki se je sposoben predajati samo spolni nasladi in ga v sklopu tega nič ne loči od živali, ali bitja, ki ljubezen in erotiko vrednoti kot dopolnjujoči sestavini kvalitetnega odnosa. Gabriel García Márquez, einer der größten Schriftsteller der modernen Welt, bekannt auch als Nobelpreisträger für Literatur, welche er für den Roman Hundert Jahre Einsamkeit erhielt, hat in seinen drei Romanen: Von der Liebe und anderen Dämonen, Erinnerung an meine traurigen Huren und Die Liebe in den Zeiten der Cholera, das Thema Liebe und das Motiv der Erotik hervorgehoben. Beide Begriffe verflechten sich durchgehend und bringen in die Geschichten der Romane Spannung und eine Unvorhersehbarkeit des Geschehens. Das Thema Liebe, welche in seinen drei Gestalten vorhanden ist, als unendliche Liebe, als Sehnsucht und als Illusion, ergänzt an einigen Stellen die Erotik, an anderen schliesst sie diese wiederum aus. Liebe und Erotik scheinen auf den ersten Blick, Begriffe zu sein, welche jeder Person zugordnet werden können, jedoch beschreibt der Schriftsteller mit Hilfe dieser Begriffe seine Romanhelden sehr anschaulich und stellt sie uns als leidende Wesen vor. Die einen leiden wegen der verbotenen, nicht erhörten und sehnsuchtsvollen Liebe, die anderen wegen ihrer Abhängigkeit zu erotischen Vorlieben. Die Präsenz von Liebe und Erotik veranschaulicht in allen drei Romanen, des Menschen Weite, als geschlechtliches Wesen, welches fähig oder unfähig ist zu lieben, ein Lebewesen, fähig nur der sexuellen Wollust nachzugehen und sich in diesem Gefüge nicht von einem Tier unterscheidet, oder ein Lebewesen, welches Liebe und Erotik als sich ergänzende Bestandteile einer qualitativen Beziehung wertet.

V diplomski nalogi z naslovom Kaznovanje predšolskih otrok je v teoretičnem delu napisano nekaj besed iz različne literature o tem kaj sploh je kaznovanje, kako kaznovati, kakšno je učinkovito kaznovanje in kako se lahko izognemo kaznovanju. Napisanih je nekaj predlogov za sodobno kaznovanje, zraven tega pa smo napisali nekaj besed o tem, kdaj je kazen lahko vzgojna. Dotaknemo se različnih nagrad kot so pohvale, ali druge materialne nagrade ter napišemo nekaj o mejah, ki jih je potrebno jasno postavljati otroku. V empiričnem delu pa želimo preko vprašalnikov, ki jih posredujemo staršem predšolskih otrok, ugotoviti dejansko stanje današnjega kaznovanja in ugotoviti, kako so bili kaznovani starši. Vprašalniki so zajemali vprašanja kako, koliko, na kakšen način starši kaznujejo otroka in kaj menijo o telesnem ali kakršnem koli drugem kaznovanju. Zadali smo si nekaj vprašanj in dobili želene odgovore ter ovrgli ali potrdili določene hipoteze. This diploma thesis with its title Punishment of Preschool Children consists of the theoretical part which elaborates on the essence of punishment, how to carry it out, the effectiveness of punishment and how to avoid it. This part is also an assembly of possible suggestions for modern punishing and it clearly states the scenarios where punishment can be educational. We continue by describing different rewards such as commendation or other material rewards and we conclude this part by discussing about the boundaries that we have to intelligibly set to a child. The empirical part of this diploma thesis is based on questionnaires that were completed by preschool children’s parents. The main aim of our research is to identify the actual position of parent’s punishing their children and to ascertain whether the pattern of punishment was passed on from their parents. Parents were asked to answer questions about how, how much, in which way do they punish their children and about their beliefs on physical or any other kind of punishment. Through this query we gathered data that annulled or verified certain hypotheses.

Knjiga se bavi ljudskom potrebom za bliskošću, teorijama ljubavi, vrstama ljubavi te zabludama o ljubavi i ljubomorom.