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Background: The present study investigated the association between two domains of physical activity (occupational physical activity [OPA] and leisure-time physical activity [LTPA]) and sleep duration. Methods: We investigated 3,421 paid workers from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014–2015. Sleep duration was categorized into three categories (short for less than 5 h, optimal for 5–9 h, and long for more than 9 h). OPA and LTPA were defined in terms of answers to relevant questions. Odds ratios were calculated for sleep duration according to each physical activity domain using multinomial logistic regression models. Results: There were 464 subjects (13.6%) who showed short sleep duration, and 169 subjects (4.9%) who showed long sleep duration. Prevalence of OPA and LTPA was higher in male workers than in female workers (for OPA: 3.67% and 1.76%, respectively, p = 0.0108; for LTPA: 16.14% and 6.07%, respectively, p

Depressive symptoms are major public health problems. Leisure-time Physical activity (LPA) and dietary inflammatory preference are emerging factors that tends to affect the mental health status. There is limited evidence regarding the joint influence of LPA and dietary status on the prevalence of depression. This study was a cross-sectional study, which used a nationwide represented sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the relationship among LPA, diet status and depression. Depression and LPA status was reported by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ), respectively. To assess dietary inflammatory preferences, dietary inflammatory index (DII) was applied based on a 24-h dietary recall interview. A total of 11,078 subjects was included in this study and weighted participants were 89,682,020. Weighted multivariable linear regression showed that DII was negatively associated with LPA after full adjustment, with β (95% CI): −0.487 (−0.647, −0.327). Weighted multivariable logistic regression showed that LPA was significantly associated with depressive symptoms after full adjustment, with odds ratios OR (95% CIs): 0.986 (0.977, 0.995). By DII stratification analysis, this phenomenon was also existed in groups with anti-inflammatory diet. Mediation effect analysis was further performed, which showed that DII significantly mediating the association between LPA and depression with proportion mediated as 3.94%. Our findings indicated the mediating role of DII in the association between LPA condition and incident depression. More well-designed studies are still needed to validate the causal relationship.

Physical inactivity remains a major public health challenge today. Understanding the determinants of changes in habitual leisure-time physical activity patterns by type across the life course is important for developing targeted interventions. This study presents a multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model to examine the determinants of habitual participation in and time allocation to multiple leisure-time physical activities over the life course. A comprehensive set of socio-demographics, life transitions, neighborhood characteristics, and time-related factors are considered as determinants of each activity type, including sports, recreational walking, cycling, outdoor playing, and dog walking. Results estimated on retrospective survey data collected in the Netherlands show significant differences in the determinants of the different types of leisure-time physical activity. Social-demographic factors have a strong influence on sports participation, followed by recreational walking, cycling, outdoor playing, and then dog walking. Life transitions have different effects. A change in marital status appears to be the most important life event for sports participation while changing jobs is the most important event for the other two activities. Neighborhood characteristics primarily affect participation in recreational walking, cycling, outdoor playing, and dog walking. As for time-related factors, they mainly impact sports engagement. The findings of this study could help develop effective interventions to promote leisure-time physical activity participation during life transitions and encourage healthy living.

Background: This study explores changes in the leisure-time physical activities of Canadian adults over time. Methods: Using representative panel data from the National Population Health Survey, multilevel analyses of 13,933 respondents aged 18 and older were performed to assess both overall and individual leisure-time physical activity trajectories from 1994 to 2011 and the extent to which these trajectories differ by sex and age groups. Results: With the exception of those aged 65 and older, there is evidence that as Canadians age their overall levels of physical activity increase over time. However, increases in overall physical activity levels are mainly due to increases in walking, gardening, and home exercise. Increases in these 3 activities in particular compensate for declines in engagement levels over time in most other activities. Conclusions: As the demographic shift to an older Canadian population continues, evidence of increasing overall physical activity levels across most age groups in Canada gives reason for optimism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to assess the validity of a single question to evaluate leisure-time physical activity (PA) in adolescents. We included 209 participants (57.4% girls) aged 14-18 years from Porto, Portugal, evaluated as part of the SALTA project. A self-reported question with four answer options, designed for the EPITeen study, was used to classify the intensity level of usual leisure-time activities. Actigraph accelerometers were used to objectively measure total PA during 7 consecutive days. Since the accelerometers measured PA as a continuous variable, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify clusters of individuals with similar level of objectively measured PA. Correlations between self-reported and objective measures were evaluated through polychoric correlations. In girls, we found higher mean time on sedentary activities among those describing their leisure-time PA as "sitting", and an increase on the time spent on light and moderate activities with increasing intensity of PA on self-reported classification. A similar trend was found in boys, but not reaching statistical significance. The correlation between the two measures of PA was 0.42 for girls and 0.46 for boys. We found an acceptable correlation between our single question and the objectively measured PA, showing that, although the single question is not adequate to quantify the intensity of the physical activity, it allows to rank adolescents according to leisure-time physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives We investigated associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at different intensities (moderate and vigorous or moderate-to-vigorous) and prospective weight gain in non-obese people. We also examined whether these associations were independent of other lifestyle factors and changes in muscle mass and whether they were age-dependent and changed over a person’s life course. Methods The data were extracted from the Lifelines cohort study (N = 52,498; 43.5% men) and excluded obese individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m2). We used the validated SQUASH questionnaire to estimate moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA; MET≥4), moderate (MPA; MET between 4 and 6.5) and vigorous PA (VPA; MET≥6.5). Body weight was objectively measured, and changes were standardized to a 4-year period. Separate analyses, adjusted for age, educational level, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and changes in creatinine excretion (a marker of muscle mass), were performed for men and women. Results The average weight gain was + 0.45 ± 0.03 kg in women. Relative to each reference groups (No-MVPA, No-MPA and No-VPA), MVPA (Beta (95%CI): − 0.34 kg (− 0.56;-0.13)), MPA (− 0.32 kg (− 0.54;-0.10)) and VPA (− 0.30 kg (− 0.43;-0.18)) were associated with less gain in body weight in women after adjusting for potential confounders, described above. These associations were dose-dependent when physically active individuals were divided in tertiles. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the lowest, middle, and highest MVPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-MVPA’ were, respectively, − 0.24 (− 0.47;-0.02), − 0.31 (− 0.53;-0.08), and − 0.38 (− 0.61;-0.16) kg. The average weight gain in men was + 0.13 ± 0.03 kg, and only VPA, not MPA was associated with less body weight gain. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the VPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-VPA’ group were, respectively, − 0.25 (− 0.42;-0.09), − 0.19 (− 0.38;-0.01) and − 0.20 (− 0.38;-0.02) kg. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association was no longer significant in men. The potential benefits of leisure-time PA were age-stratified and mainly observed in younger adults (men

Previous studies underscore the protective role of physical activity (PA) in bone health, yet the relationship between different PA categories and osteoporosis risk remains less explored. Understanding the relationships helps tailor health recommendations and policies to maximize the effects of preventing osteoporosis. The cross-sectional study involves 488,403 UK Biobank participants with heel quantitative ultrasound-estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) data. The longitudinal cohort involves 471,394 UK Biobank participants without initial osteoporosis and with follow-up records. PA exposure categories in our study included sedentary behavior (SB), total PA (TPA), and different category-specific PA including household, leisure, and work PA. The cases of osteoporosis were assessed using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). The linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used in our study. In the cross-sectional study, 15,818 (3.28 %) participants had osteoporosis. TPA levels have a positive correlation with eBMD and a negative correlation with osteoporosis prevalence. Among different categories of PA, higher levels of leisure PA were correlated with increased eBMD and a lower osteoporosis risk (leisure PA: OR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.79 to 0.86;). In the longitudinal study, 16,058 (17.6 % male, 82.4 % female) (3.41 %) individuals developed osteoporosis during an average follow-up of 13 years. We observed consistent protective effects of high levels of PA on osteoporosis incidence risk, particularly within the category of leisure PA (TPA: HR: 0.78, 95 % CI: 0.74 to 0.82; leisure PA:HR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.80 to 0.87). Such associations are independent of genetic predisposition, with no evidence of gene-PA interactions, and keep steady among individuals using drugs affecting bone-density. Moreover, among different leisure PA items, strenuous sports, other exercises, and walking for pleasure conferred a substantial protective effect against osteoporosis. Additionally, non-elderly individuals and males exhibited lower osteoporosis risk from PA. This study highlights activity categories differently associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Adherence to frequent leisure PA may have a protective effect against osteoporosis. Such associations are independent of genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis and keep steady among individuals using drugs affecting bone-density. This highlights that leisure PA could be suggested as a more effective intervention in the primary prevention of osteoporosis. • Adherence to frequent leisure PA may have a protective effect against osteoporosis. • Such associations are independent of genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis and keep steady among individuals using drugs affecting bone metabolism. • This highlights that leisure PA could be suggested as a more effective intervention in the primary prevention of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous studies have reported opposite effects of occupational or non‐occupational physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) on health outcomes. However, no study has investigated the relationship between domain‐specific movement behaviors and cardiometabolic health (CMH) among office workers, considering the compositional nature of time‐use data. We investigated the associations of accelerometer‐measured PA and SB for each domain (working time, non‐working time on workday, and non‐workday) with CMH indicators among office workers, using compositional data analysis. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 1258 Japanese office workers. The time spent on SB, light‐intensity PA (LPA), and moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity PA (MVPA) were assessed using an accelerometer. CMH indicators were retrieved from the annual health check‐up data. Results: Compositional multiple linear regression indicated that PA and SB during non‐working time on workdays, but not working time or non‐workdays, were significantly associated with CMH. In particular, during non‐working time, time reallocations from SB to LPA and from SB to MVPA were associated with favorable changes in cardiometabolic risk score and lipid metabolism, respectively. Paradoxically, a greater proportion of LPA during non‐working time was associated with favorable diastolic blood pressure (β = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 3.19), whereas occupational LPA was detrimental (β = −2.48; 95% CI = −4.87, −0.09). Conclusion: Our results suggested that reducing SB and increasing PA during non‐working time on workdays may be effective for managing CMH among office workers. Future longitudinal studies using compositional data analysis are required to confirm our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo reveal the associations between multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) by ethnicities in China.Materials and methodsSelf-reported information on a range of occupational, household, transport, and LTPA was collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 17 chronic diseases were assessed based on self-reported lifetime diagnoses or medical examinations. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between multimorbidity and the risks of low LTPA.ResultsThe mean age of all participants was 51.2 years old. Of all, 61.4% were women and 57.9% were from the Han population. A significantly negative association (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89–0.95) was found between multimorbidity and low LTPA, with a stronger association among minority populations (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82–0.91) than among the Han population (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92–1.01). For both the minority population and the Han population, digestive system multimorbidity and digestive-metabolic system multimorbidity had a significantly negative association with low LTPA. For the Han population, the association of intersystem multimorbidity for the circulatory-respiratory system (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04–1.31) with low LTPA was stronger than that of intrasystem multimorbidity for the circulatory (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.25) and respiratory systems (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04–1.25).ConclusionThere are significant associations between multimorbidity and low LTPA based on this large multiethnic population. Our findings suggest that LTPA-tailored interventions should be designed for specific ethnic groups according to different types of multimorbidity.

Objectives: The level of physical activity among adult in Sudan is low. The purpose of this study used the Reasoned Action Approach to investigate the psychosocial determinants of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behaviour (LTPA) of Sudanese adults. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study design among adults in Omdurman city in Sudan. Methods: A 378 participants (229 male and 149 female) completed a questionnaire to identify intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control about LTPA and actual behaviour. The relationship between studied determinants were examined using different statistical methods. Results: In all participants, 13% had at least 150 min of moderate-intensity LTPA per week. Analysis revealed that intentions (β = 0.26) along with perceived behaviour control (β = 0.19) predicted LTPA and accounted for 12% of the variance in LTPA behaviour. Attitude (β = 0.39), subjective norms (β = 0.18), and perceived Behaviour control (β = 0.11) were associated with intention to perform LTPA. They explained 22% of the variance in intentions. Conclusion: consistent with RAA expectations, determinants of the intentions and LTPA behaviour were identified. Findings suggest interventions promoting LTPA in Sudanese adults should increase intention, create a positive attitude, build conducive social norms and raise the perception of control over the actual LTPA behaviour.

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the association of the risk of all-cause mortality with habitual physical activity (HPA) and its different domains among Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 11,994 participants from the Guangzhou Heart Study were followed up until 1 January 2020. Information on HPA, including leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and commute activity, was collected using a modified Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individual cause of death was obtained from the National Death Registry of China. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjustment for covariates.ResultsDuring 37,715 person-years of follow-up, 208 deaths (1.73%) were observed. When compared with the highest with the lowest exposure tertiles, HPA and LTPA were associated with 34% (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.95) and 30% (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–0.99) reduced risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment for covariates. Commute activity was not associated with mortality risk. For the specific component of LTPA, we found that every 1 MET-h/week increment of the housework was associated with a 1% (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99) decreased mortality risk, and performing brisk walking/health exercises/Yangko was associated with a 46% reduced mortality risk (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29–0.99).ConclusionThis study suggests that a higher level of HPA and LTPA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest people to perform HPA, especially LTPA, as a strategy for mortality reduction and health promotion.

Abstract Background Many studies have investigated the association between the built environment and physical activity behavior in urban settings. However, most of the studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries were cross-sectional, which are limited to identify behavioral determinants. We propose a prospective cohort study to verify the relationship between built environment features and leisure-time and transport-related physical activity in adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods Prospective multilevel cohort, denominated “ISA-Physical Activity and Environment”. It will build on the Health Survey of Sao Paulo in 2015 (“Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA)” in Portuguese). The Health Survey of Sao Paulo, originally designed as a cross-sectional survey, had a multi-stage sample, covering 150 census tracts distributed in five health administrative areas. Data collection was performed by face-to-face interviews until December 2015 and the sample comprised 4043 individuals aged 12 years or more. The ISA-Physical Activity and Environment study will reassess people who are aged 18 years or more in 2020, including telephone and household interviews. The primary outcome will be leisure-time and transport-related physical activity, assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long version. Exposure variables will be built environment features in the areas participants live and work in the follow-up. Data analysis will include multivariate multilevel linear and logistic models. We will also conduct cost-effectiveness analysis and develop agent-based models to help inform decision-makers. The study will be conducted by an interdisciplinary research team specialized in physical activity epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, georeferencing applied to health, statistics, agent-based modeling, public health policy, and health economics. Discussion There are few longitudinal studies on the relationship between the built environment and physical activity behavior in low- and middle-income countries. We believe that the ISA-Physical Activity and Environment study will contribute with important results for the progress of the knowledge in this field and for the implementation of policies that promote leisure-time physical activity and active travel in Sao Paulo and similar cities across the world.

Abstract Aim We investigated the association between levels of leisure-time physical activity and vascular stiffness in a longitudinal observational study from a representative Swedish population. Method A total of 2816 randomly selected individuals were examined at visit 1 (2002–2005, Men = 1400). After a mean follow-up of 9.7 ± 1.4 years, a representative sample of 1327 of the original participants were re-examined at visit 2. After excluding subjects with hypertension at baseline, 761 participants were included in the longitudinal analyses. Leisure-time physical (LTPA) activity was self-reported and dichotomized as high or low (level 3, 4 and level 1, 2, respectively). Large Arterial Elasticity Index (LAEI) and Small Arterial Elasticity Index (SAEI) were measured using the HDI/Pulse Wave™ CR2000. Multivariable general linear models were used to investigate the differences in changes SAEI and LAEI based on LTPA levels. Results At visit 1, and after adjustment for possible confounders, participants in the high LTPA group had better small artery elasticity (SAEI) (SAEI in low-level LTPA: 7.89 ± 0.11, SAEI in high-level LTPA: 8.32 ± 0.15, ΔSAEI: 0.42, CI: 0.07–0.78; p = 0.020). SAEI decreased between the two assessments (Visit 1: SAEI 8.01 ± 3.37 ml/mmHg; Δ SAEI: 1.4, CI 1.2–1.6, p

Background: High levels of participation in leisure-time and household physical activity lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although it is unclear whether the number of activity types is related to new-onset CVD. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the amount of leisure-time physical activity and the number of types of leisure-time physical activities on the risk of CVD incidence.Methods: From 2002 to 2003, 3,741 participants without any history of CVD participated in the Takashima Study. Data on the amount of leisure-time and household physical activity and the types of leisure-time and household physical activity were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Hazard ratios for CVD (acute myocardial infarction and stroke) incidence (follow-up data from 2002 to 2013), according to the participation level and number of activity types, were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 58.7 ± 13.1 years. During the mean follow-up period of 8.0 ± 1.1 years, 92 participants developed CVD. An inverse dose-response relationship was noted between the amount of leisure-time and household physical activity and CVD events. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, lifestyle-related diseases, and the amount of physical activity other than leisure-time and household, the risk of CVD onset was compared by dividing the participants into two groups by the level of participation; the highest activity group had an adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.40 (0.20-0.82) compared to the lowest activity group. Compared to participants who engaged in 0-1 type of activity, participants who engaged in two or more types of activities had a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.31 (0.12-0.79).Conclusion: Increasing the amount of leisure-time and household physical activity and promoting engagement in two or more types of such activities may reduce the rate of CVD incidence in the Japanese general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Exergaming play is associated with positive health benefits and increased engagement in physical activity outcomes in players. Research also indicates that factors such as enjoyment and entertainment drive users' exergame activities. However, despite advances in the area, little is known about whether health consideration and physical activity impact college students' exergaming behavior. Method: A cross-sectional online survey of open-ended and fixed questions was completed by 403 college students (Mage = 20.02, SD = 2.3; Range: 17–35; 73.2% female) from a large southwestern university. Descriptive analyses and structural equation modeling techniques were used to draw insights from the data. Results: Among the participants, nearly 87.6% of them reported participating in exergaming behavior. Both measurement and structural models showed good model fits. Health consideration (Std.β =.30, p <.01) and leisure-time physical activity (Std.β =.28, p <.01) were positively associated with exergaming behavior while health consideration was not significantly associated with leisure-time physical activity (Std.β =.05, p =.38). The mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effect from health consideration to exergaming behavior through leisure-time physical activity was not statistically significant (Std.β =.01, p =.38). Leisure-time physical activity could not mediate the relationship between health consideration and exergaming behavior. Conclusions: By pointing out the important role of health consideration and physical activity in college students' exergaming play, findings of this study can help exergame developers and gamification interventionists to design more effective programs and, in turn, facilitate positive intervention outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the combined effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) and either overweight/obesity or low levels of leisure-time vigorous physical activity (LTVPA) on self-rated health. Methods: A longitudinal study was performed among 29,987 construction workers with complete data on 2 Workers' Health Surveillance Programs during 2010–2018. Self-reported OPA involved strenuous work postures and manual material handling. Low level of LTVPA was defined as self-reported vigorous activity for less than three times per week lasting at least 20 min per session. Overweight and obesity were based on Body Mass Index (BMI) (25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, respectively) using measured body height and weight. Self-rated health was measured using a single item question. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between the separate risk factors at baseline and self-rated health at follow-up. The combined effects of demanding OPA and either overweight/obesity or low level of LTVPA on self-rated health were analyzed using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Results: Mean follow-up duration was 31.7 (SD = 14.9) months. Construction workers with strenuous work postures (OR 1.35 95% CI 1.25–1.46), manual material handling (OR 1.29 95% CI 1.19–1.40), obesity (OR 1.31 95% CI 1.17–1.47) and low LTVPA (OR 1.13 95% CI 1.01–1.25) were more likely to report poor self-rated health at follow-up. No statistically significant interaction effects were found for OPA and obesity or low LTVPA. Conclusions: OPA, obesity and low level of LTVPA were separate risk factors for poor self-rated health, but did not appear to have a synergistic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Demanding psychosocial work characteristics, such as high job demands, can have a detrimental impact on leisure–time physical activity (LTPA), with adverse consequences for employee health and well-being. However, the mechanisms and moderators of this crossover effect are still largely unknown. We therefore aimed to identify and test potential mediating and moderating factors from within and outside the work environment. Based on the previous research, we expected job demands to be negatively related to LTPA through fatigue. In addition, we expected that job control and worktime control would attenuate the relationship between job demands and fatigue. Furthermore, we hypothesized that autonomous exercise motivation and spontaneous action planning would attenuate the relationship between fatigue and LTPA. In addition to these cross-sectional hypotheses, we expected the same effects to predict a change in LTPA in the following year. Methods: To investigate these assumptions, a preregistered longitudinal survey study was conducted among a large sample of Dutch employees in sedentary jobs. Participants reported on the constructs of interest in 2017 and 2018 (N = 1189 and 665 respectively) and the resulting data were analyzed using path analyses. Results: Our cross-sectional analyses confirm a weak indirect, negative association between job demands and LTPA, via fatigue. However, this finding was not observed in our longitudinal analyses and none of the other hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusion: This study shows that, among employees with relatively healthy psychosocial work characteristics (i.e., high job control), the evidence for an impact of these work characteristics on participation in LTPA is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Leisure-time physical activity and sport participation trends are often reported, both in aggregate and by specific activity. Recently there has been a rise in overall leisure-time physical activity, but little change in the prevalence of organised sport. It is important that the development of sport policy, infrastructure and strategic developments meet the changing landscape of participation. However, there has been relatively little research into the settings in which people participate. The aim of this study is to investigate the settings of participation of children and adults in 12 major Australian sports. Methods This study utilised data about participation in sport and recreational physical activity collected in the AusPlay survey from a representative sample of adults and children in the Australian state of Victoria. For each type of physical activity, the settings of participation are identified. Respondents can report participation in a particular activity in more than one setting. Therefore we use the term “instance of participation” to refer to a person playing a particular sport in a particular setting. Participation and settings across 12 major sports were investigated for children and adults. Results For children, the most popular sport was swimming with a weighted estimate of 323,565 (30.3%) instances of participation in the Victorian population, followed by Australian football (n = 180,459; 16.9%), and basketball (n = 137,169; 12.9%). For adults the most popular sports were swimming (n = 703,950; 30.9%) followed by golf (n = 274,729; 12.1%), and tennis (n = 260,814; 11.4%). There were considerable differences between the profiles of settings of participation for the 12 sports. Across the 12 sports, the majority of participation by children took place within a sports club or association setting, representing 63% of all instances of sport participation. For adults, sports clubs and associations was also the most popular setting, but it represented only 37% of instances of participation. Conclusions Traditionally, community clubs and inter-club competitions provided the main setting for sport participation, but this is no longer the case, particularly for adults. If the community sport sector is to continue to flourish, it must consider new strategies and participation options more attractive to other segments of its potential market.

Abstract Background Context-free outcome measures, such as overall leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), are habitually applied to study the neighborhood built environment correlates of physical activity. This cross sectional study identifies and empirically tests potential methodological limitations related to the use of context-free measures and discusses how these may help in the interpretation of inconsistent associations between participation in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA and objectively measured neighborhood-level built environment attributes. Methods We employ a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS), an advanced participatory mapping method, to study the spatial distribution of moderate-to-vigorous LTPA among adult urban Finnish residents (n 1322). Secondary sources of GIS land-use and sport facility data were used to disaggregate respondent-mapped LTPA by the behavioral context, such as indoor and outdoor sport facilities, green spaces, and other public open spaces. Associations between the use of the identified LTPA settings and a range of objectively measured neighborhood built environment attributes were studied with multilevel logistic regression models. Results Disaggregated by behavioral context, we observed varied and partly opposite built environment correlates for LTPA. The use of indoor and outdoor sport facilities showed no significant associations with their neighborhood availability, but were significantly associated with personal-level attributes. By contrast, participation in LTPA in green and built public open space shared significant associations with access to and availability of neighborhood green space that persisted after controlling for personal-level covariates. Moreover, neighborhood distances up to 1600 m poorly captured participation in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA, as, on average, 40% of visits were located further from home. However, we found the immediate home environment to be an important LTPA setting for the least active participants. Conclusions This study demonstrates that LTPA can be a highly heterogeneous measure regarding both the spatial distribution and the environmental correlates of behavioral contexts. The results show that context-free LTPA outcome measures yield inconsistent associations with built environment exposure variables, challenging the applicability of such measures in designing neighborhood-level built environment interventions.

Abstract Background Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is an important contributor to total physical activity and the focus of many interventions promoting activity in high-income populations. Little is known about LTPA in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and with expected declines in physical activity due to rapid urbanisation and lifestyle changes we aimed to assess the sociodemographic differences in the prevalence of LTPA in the adult populations of this region to identify potential barriers for equitable participation. Methods A two-step individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted using data collected in SSA through 10 population health surveys that included the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. For each sociodemographic characteristic, the pooled adjusted prevalence and risk ratios (RRs) for participation in LTPA were calculated using the random effects method. Between-study heterogeneity was explored through meta-regression analyses and tests for interaction. Results Across the 10 populations (N = 26,022), 18.9% (95%CI: 14.3, 24.1; I 2 = 99.0%) of adults (≥ 18 years) participated in LTPA. Men were more likely to participate in LTPA compared with women (RR for women: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.60; P

OBJECTIVES: Shift work is a risk factor for chronic diseases, and physical inactivity can have an influence on this association. We examined whether intra-individual changes in working time characteristics were associated with changes in physical inactivity and examined the risk factors for physical inactivity among shift workers in a 17-year longitudinal study cohort. METHODS: Study participants were 95 177 employees from the Finnish public sector. Work schedule information was based on questionnaire responses and additional register-based working time characteristics for 26 042 employees. The associations between working time characteristics and physical inactivity were examined using a fixed-effects logistic model. To investigate the risk factors for physical inactivity among shift workers, the odds ratios (OR) of worktime control and having small children were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with day work, shift work without night shifts was associated with physical inactivity among men [OR 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.74], whereas shift work with night shifts was negatively associated with physical inactivity among women (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.96). Register-based working time data confirmed that workers with a higher percentage of night shifts had a lower risk of physical inactivity. Having small children was associated with physical inactivity among shift workers (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.32–1.65). CONCLUSIONS: Both survey and objective working hour data revealed that workers having work schedules with night shifts were more likely to be physically active. Having small children was a risk factor for physical inactivity among shift workers.

This study aimed to explore the combined association between the dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) and leisure-time physical activity on sleep patterns in cancer survivors. Data of cancer survivors were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database in 2007-2014 in this cross-sectional study. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of DAQS and leisure-time physical activity on sleep patterns. The combined association was also assessed in subgroups of participants based on age, and use of painkillers and antidepressants. Among the eligible participants, 1,133 had unhealthy sleep patterns. After adjusting for covariates, compared to low DAQS level combined with leisure-time physical activity level <600 MET·min/week, high DAQS level combined with leisure-time physical activity ≥600 MET·min/week was associated with lower odds of unhealthy sleep patterns (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.23-0.72). Additionally, the association of high DAQS level combined with high leisure-time physical activity with low odds of unhealthy sleep patterns was also significant in <65 years old (OR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.13-0.70), non-painkiller (OR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.22-0.71), non-antidepressant (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.26-0.91) and antidepressant (OR=0.11, 95%CI: 0.02-0.50) subgroups. DAQS and leisure-time physical activity had a combined association on sleep patterns in cancer survivors. However, the causal associations of dietary nutrient intake and physical activity with sleep patterns in cancer survivors needs further clarification.

Background: Regular physical activity during pregnancy can prevent several adverse health outcomes during this period of a woman's life. Previous studies have shown that many women do not meet national recommendations for physical activity. This study aims to examine factors associated with sufficient leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in a multicultural sample of pregnant women recently diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study among 238 pregnant women. The women were recruited at diabetes outpatient clinics in the Oslo region of Norway from October 2015 to April 2017. The participants reported their activity levels using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Pearson's chi-square tests were used to assess differences in socio-demographic, health and pregnancy-related characteristics in relation to sufficient and insufficient LTPA, and logistic regression modelling was employed to predict the likelihood of insufficient LTPA.Results: Less than half of the women in the sample (44.5%) had sufficient LTPA according to the minimum of ≥600 Met minutes per week. The majority of women were motivated to be physically active during pregnancy (84.9%). A low joint family income and being over 38 years of age increased the odds of not having sufficient LTPA. Women with sufficient LTPA had significantly higher scores of perceived health (p = 0.007).Conclusions: The study indicates that pregnant women need to be better informed about the positive effects of physical activity on individually perceived health. To address the low levels of LTPA among pregnant women, communication strategies must be tailored towards women with low socio-economic backgrounds.Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02588729. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The longitudinal influence of parental leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) on their offspring's LTPA is poorly understood. This study examined the longitudinal associations between parental LTPA and offspring's LTPA at two‐time intervals. Method: Child (offspring) participants (N = 3596) were enrolled from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study in 1980. Their LTPA was self‐rated through nine phases from baseline to 2018 and categorized by year into youth (1980‒1986) and adult (1992‒2018) LTPA. Parental LTPA was assessed with a single self‐reported question at three phases from 1980 to 1986. Latent growth curve modeling stratified by gender was fitted to estimate the potential pathways between parental LTPA and offspring's youth and adult LTPA. Results: Higher initial levels of paternal and maternal LTPA were independently associated with greater initial levels of youth and adult LTPA of offspring in both genders, respectively, except maternal LTPA, which did not associate with male offspring's adult LTPA. The initial levels of paternal LTPA were directly related to changes in male offspring's youth LTPA after adjusting for age, residential place, paternal education and occupation, having siblings, and offspring's body mass index. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the initial levels of parental LTPA are directly linked to the initial levels of offspring's LTPA during youth and adulthood, while changes in parental LTPA are unrelated to changes in offspring's youth and adult LTPA for either gender over time. These results imply that higher initial levels of LTPA in parents may serve as a predictor of offspring's LTPA across life stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is beneficial for late-life depression (LLD). The main purpose of this study was to estimate the associations between LTPA parameters (intensity, duration, frequency) and LLD.Methods: Through the 2018 Women Health Needs Survey, data on 1,892 women aged 55-70 in Hunan, China, were studied. Depression was measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Self-reported LTPA parameters were collected. Binary logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (OR) for LTPA for predicting depression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the effect of missing values.Results: Moderate LTPA volume (OR = 0.582, p = 0.027, 95% CI [0.360-0.941] for 150-299 min/week and OR = 0.392, p = 0.002, 95% CI [0.215-0.714] for ≥300 min/week) was associated with reduced depression, while vigorous LTPA could increase the risk (OR = 2.414, p = 0.029, 95% CI [1.095-5.325] for <75 min/week and OR = 3.824, p = 0.007, 95% CI [1.439-10.158] for ≥75 min/week). Frequent (6-7 days/week), moderate LTPA had a lower risk (OR = 0.570, p = 0.021, 95% CI [0.353-0.918]), while frequent (≥3 days/week), vigorous LTPA increased the risk (OR = 5.103, p = 0.001, 95% CI [1.977-13.172]). The adjusted relationship between the duration and depression was not observed. The results were supported by the sensitivity analysis based on missing value replacement.Limitations: In this cross-sectional study, LTPA data were self-reported and no data on light LTPA were collected.Conclusions: Moderate LTPA, associated with mental health benefits, should be recommended for older women instead of vigorous LTPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This aim of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity with OSA risk among adult Chinese. Methods: Participants were selected from baseline survey of the Guangzhou Heart Study. OSA was ascertained by using Berlin Questionnaire, and the physical activity, including leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), occupational activity, and transport activity, was measured with modified Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to extract the patterns of LTPA with varimax orthogonal transformation. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated by using the logistic regression method. Results: For all 9733 participants, aged 35 to 74 years, LTPA (high vs. inactive, OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.64–1.03), occupational activity (vigorous vs. retirement, OR:1.28, 95% CI: 0.93–1.75) and transport activity (high vs. retirement, OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.69–1.60) were not associated with OSA risk after considering potential confounders. Any specific component of LTPA and two LTPA patterns were also not associated with OSA risk. Stratified analysis yielded similar nonsignificant association of OSA risk with three dimensions of physical activity in both the retirement group and non-retirement group. Conclusion: This study found that three dimensions of physical activity, including LTPA, transport activity, and occupational activity, were not associated with any risk of OSA. Future studies with longitudinal design are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPsychosocial job factors (PJF) have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. The paucity of data from developing economies including Mexico hampers the development of worksite intervention efforts in those regions.MethodsThis cross-sectional study of 2,330 Mexican workers assessed PJF (job strain [JS], social support [SS], and job insecurity [JI]) and biological cardiovascular disease risk factors [CVDRF] by questionnaire and on-site physical examinations. Alternative formulations of the JS scales were developed based on factor analysis and literature review. Associations between both traditional and alternative job factor scales with CVDRF were examined in multiple regression models, adjusting for physical workload, and socio-demographic factors.ResultsAlternative formulations of the job demand and control scales resulted in substantial changes in effect sizes or statistical significance when compared with the original scales. JS and JI showed hypothesized associations with most CVDRF, but they were inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure and some adiposity measures. SS was mainly protective against CVDRF.ConclusionAmong Mexican workers, alternative PJF scales predicted health outcomes better than traditional scales, and psychosocial stressors were associated with most CVDRF.

Nowadays, there are robust clinical and pathophysiological evidence supporting the beneficial effects of physical activity on cardiovascular (CV) system. Thus, the physical activity is considered a key strategy for CV prevention. In fact, exercise training exerts favourable effects on all risk factors for CV diseases (i.e. essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, etc...). In addition, all training modalities such as the aerobic (continuous walking, jogging, cycling, etc.) or resistance exercise (weights), as well as the leisure-time physical activity (recreational walking, gardening, etc) prevent the development of the major CV risk factors, or delay the progression of target organ damage improving cardio-metabolic risk. Exercise training is also the core component of all cardiac rehabilitation programs that have demonstrated to improve the quality of life and to reduce morbidity in patients with CV diseases, mostly in patients with coronary artery diseases. Finally, it is still debated whether or not exercise training can influence the occurrence of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In this regard, there is some evidence that exercise training is protective predominantly for atrial arrhythmias, reducing the incidence of atrial fibrillation. In conclusion, the salutary effects evoked by physical acitvity are useful in primary and secondary CV prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: Here, we investigated the association between depressive symptoms and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in type 1 diabetes. Methods: Data from adult individuals with type 1 diabetes without evidence of diabetic kidney disease or macrovascular complications, participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, were included. Based on a questionnaire, weekly LTPA as metabolic equivalent of task hour was calculated. Activity levels (inactive, moderately active, active), weekly frequencies (< 1, 1–2, > 2), intensities (low, moderate, high), and single session durations (< 30, 31–60, > 60 min) were assessed. Depressive symptomatology was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We calculated a continuous BDI score and divided participants into those with (BDI score ≥ 16) and without (BDI score < 16) symptoms of depression. For sensitivity analyses, we additionally defined symptoms of depression with antidepressant agent purchases within a year from the study visit. Results: Of the 1339 participants (41.7% men, median age 41 years), 150 (11.2%) reported symptoms of depression. After adjustments, both higher BDI scores and depressive symptomatology were associated with more inactive lifestyle, and lower frequency and intensity of the LTPA. The BDI score was additionally associated with shorter single session duration. For antidepressant purchases, lower odds were observed in those with higher intensity and longer single session duration of LTPA. Conclusions: Depressive mood is harmfully related to LTPA in type 1 diabetes. In order to improve the long-term health of individuals with type 1 diabetes, efforts to increase both mental well-being and physical activity should be taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Although previous studies have reported the benefits of physical activity (PA) to lung function in middle-aged and older adults, the biological mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to assess the extent to which C-reactive protein (CRP) mediates the association between leisure-time PA and lung function. Methods A population-based sample was recruited from English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), Wave 6 (2012–2013). PA was self-reported by questionnaires. CRP was analyzed from peripheral blood. Lung function parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured by using a spirometer. Baron and Kenny’s causal steps method and multiple linear regression models based on the Karlson/Holm/Bree (KHB) method were used to assess the mediating effect. Results Among 6875 participants, 28.4% were classified into low PA, 49.8% into moderate PA, and 21.8% into high PA. Multiple linear regression models suggested that higher PA was associated with lower levels of CRP (β = − 0.048, P = 0.002 for moderate PA; β = − 0.108, P

Abstract Background While leisure-time physical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease, less is known about the relationship between work-related PA and health. Work-related PA is often not a chosen behavior and may be associated with lower socioeconomic status and less control over job-related activities. This study examined whether high work-related PA and leisure-time PA reported by hospital employees were associated with healthier dietary intake and reductions in cardiometabolic risk. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of 602 hospital employees who used workplace cafeterias and completed the baseline visit for a health promotion study in 2016–2018. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and clinical measures of weight, blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipids. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores were calculated from two 24-h dietary recalls, and a Healthy Purchasing Score was calculated based on healthfulness of workplace food/beverage purchases. Regression analyses examined Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes/prediabetes by quartile of work-related PA, leisure-time PA, and sedentary time. Results Participants’ mean age was 43.6 years (SD = 12.2), 79.4% were female, and 81.1% were white. In total, 30.3% had obesity, 20.6% had hypertension, 26.6% had prediabetes/diabetes, and 32.1% had hyperlipidemia. Median leisure-time PA was 12.0 (IQR: 3.3, 28.0) and median work-related PA was 14.0 (IQR: 0.0, 51.1) MET-hours/week. Higher leisure-time PA was associated with higher workplace Healthy Purchasing Score and HEI (p’s

Physical education focuses on the development of sports skills as well as fitness for health. In Central European countries there has been a shift in these focuses since the fall of Communism to follow internationally-recognised health-related physical activity recommendations, similar to Western European countries. In this study we investigated the extent to which motivation from school physical education transfers to leisure-time physical activity providing autonomy support by three social agents: school (physical education teachers), family and peers. Our study utilised the Aetological Approach (AA), Ecological Model (EM) and the Trans-Contextual Model (TCM) that consists of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to explore how autonomous motivation is transferred between contexts (physical education, leisure-time and current behaviour). Nine-hundred and seventy-four students aged 11–18 (55% girls) participated in our study from four countries: Hungary, United Kingdom, Romania and Slovakia. A prospective research design was employed, and questionnaires were administered at three time points. Using 7-point Likert scales, attitude, usefulness, and affectiveness were measured. Furthermore, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control (PBC) were tested within TPB. Autonomous and controlling motivation were measured within SDT by administering the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise questionnaires (BREQ and BREQ-2). Finally, past physical activity, intention and current physical activity behaviours were tested. Results indicated that perceived autonomy support from family and friends predicted autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity in all four countries. However, teachers’ behaviour in some Eastern European countries did not predict this transfer. In general, in line with previous literature, boys reported more physical activity than girls. A strong influencing factor in the path model was that past behaviour predicted current behaviour, and according to that factor, boys reported being more active than girls.Boys also perceived more support from PE teachers than girls which was likely to have influenced their autonomous motivation in PE, which in turn transferred to leisure time. We discuss these results in the context of theories exploring the role of motivation and social environment on children’s choices related to physical activity. In conclusion, we suggest providing more autonomy support, especially by schools, for the enhancement of autonomous motivation of young people to promote their leisure time physical activity.

OBJECTIVES: Recent meta-analyses suggest a physical activity health paradox: high levels of occupational physical activity (OPA) increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, while leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) decreases risk. However, studies of women and cerebrovascular disease are limited. This report examines physical activity effects on stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) among working women in the United States. METHODS: OPA history, health status, and lifestyle were assessed by baseline interviews of 31 270 employed Sister Study participants aged 35–74 years. OPA was assessed at six intensity levels (lowest: “mostly sitting”); the highest three were combined as “high intensity work.” Independent OPA and LTPA effects on 6-year cerebrovascular disease incidence were estimated in adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Stroke (N=441) and TIA (N=274) risk increased with more standing and higher intensity work at current and longest held job. Compared with mostly sitting, high intensity work at the current job increased TIA risk by 57% [hazard ratio (HR) 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.38]. High intensity OPA at the longest held job increased risk for stroke by 44% (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.08–1.93). Among women with CVD, sitting and standing equally, especially at the current job, increased risks up to two-fold (TIA HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.10–3.55) compared with mostly sitting at work. LTPA showed inverse associations. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intensity levels of OPA increased stroke and TIA risks, while LTPA decreased risks; results corroborate the physical activity health paradox for women and cerebrovascular disease. More standing at work increased cerebrovascular disease risks, especially for women with CVD.

Although an extensive literature in developed countries suggests that elements of the urban built environment stimulate physical activity with beneficial health effects, information about this link in developing countries is still scarce. This study examines whether women's leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status, presence of public parks, and sociodemographic and health characteristics of women living in a mid-size Mexican city. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association among a sample of adult women (N=1,285) in Hermosillo, Mexico. The analysis links two measures of LTPA to several metrics on park accessibility and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Twenty-two percent of women engaged in neighborhood-based physical activity (NPA), while 29% engaged in overall physical activity (OPA). After adjusting by neighborhood socioeconomic status and individual-level variables, parks density, park-to-people ratio, combined parks' service areas, or distance to the nearest park were not related with NPA and OPA. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was the only contextual variable with a significant influence on women's NPA (AOR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99-1.10) and OPA (AOR=1.06; 95% CI 1.01, 1.12). After controlling for neighborhood-level variables, women's age and education were also statistically associated with physical activity. Based on the indicators used in this study, findings do not support a connection between the presence of parks and women's physical activity in Hermosillo's neighborhoods. Resumen. Aunque numerosos estudios en países desarrollados sugieren que algunos elementos del ambiente urbano construido estimulan la actividad física, con efectos benéficos sobre la salud, el estudio de esta relación sigue siendo escasa en países en desarrollo. Este estudio examina la asociación entre la actividad física recreativa (AFR), y el estatus socioeconómico del barrio, la presencia de parques públicos, y las características sociodemográficas y de salud de mujeres residentes de una ciudad mexicana de tamaño medio. El análisis usa una regresión logística multinivel para probar esta relación en una muestra de mujeres adultas (n=1,285) en Hermosillo, México. El análisis relaciona dos medidas de AFR con indicadores de accesibilidad a parques y el estatus socioeconómico del barrio. Veintidós por ciento de las mujeres realizaron actividad física en su barrio (NPA), mientras que 29% realizó actividad física general (OPA). Después de controlar el estatus socioeconómico del barrio y variables individuales, la densidad de parques, la razón parque-individuo, la suma de las áreas de servicio de los parques, y la distancia al parque más cercano, no estuvieron asociados con NPA y OPA. El estatus socioeconómico del barrio fue la única variable a nivel contextual asociada con NPA (AOR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99-1.10) y OPA (AOR=1.06; 95% CI 1.01, 1.12). Luego de controlar las variables de contexto, la edad y la educación de las mujeres estuvieron asociadas con la AFR. Conforme a los indicadores utilizados, los resultados no confirman una asociación entre la presencia de parques de barrio y AFR entre mujeres residentes de Hermosillo.

The aims of this study were to investigate whether baseline leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with future recovery from depression among patients with a depression diagnosis and whether baseline LTPA is associated with total physical activity after five years of follow-up. A total of 258 patients aged ≥35 years with clinically confirmed depression at baseline participated. The study was conducted between 2008 and 2016 in municipalities within the Central Finland Hospital District. Depressive symptoms (DS) were determined with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with a cutoff score ≥10, and depression diagnoses were confirmed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured and blood samples for glucose and lipid determinations were drawn at baseline. LTPA, physical activity, and other social and clinical factors were captured by standard self-administered questionnaires at baseline and the five-year follow-up point. Of the 258 patients, 76 (29%) had DS at follow-up. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for future DS was 1.43 (confidence interval [CI] 0.69–2.95) for participants with moderate LTPA and 0.92 (CI 0.42–2.00) for participants with high LTPA, compared with low LTPA at baseline. Higher baseline LTPA levels were associated with higher total physical activity in the future (β=0.14 [95% CI: 0.02–0.26] for linearity = 0.024). Baseline LTPA did not affect the five-year prognosis of depression among depressed patients in a Finnish adult population. Because the baseline LTPA level predicted the future total physical activity, it could be included as a part of the overall health management and treatment of depression in clinical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to identify accelerometer-measured daily physical activity patterns, and to examine how they associate with health-related physical fitness among aging workers.Methods: The study population consisted of 263 participants (mean age 62.4 years, SD 1.0) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study, who used wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer for at least 1 week including both workdays and days off. Health-related physical fitness measures included body composition (waist circumference, bioimpedance), cardiorespiratory fitness (bicycle ergometer test), and muscular fitness (push-up and chair rise tests).Results: Based on the latent class trajectory analysis, 6 trajectories were identified for workdays showing variation in activity level on working hours and on evening hours. Moderate activity during working hours and increase of activity level in the evening was associated with the most favorable health-related fitness in comparison to low activity throughout the workday: waist circumference 90.0 cm (95% confidence interval [CI] 85.5-94.5) versus 99.5 cm (95% CI 96.8-102.3), fat mass 13.9 kg (9.3-18.5) versus 23.8 kg (20.2-27.4), cardiorespiratory fitness 33.4 mL/kg/min (95% CI 31.4-35.3) versus 29.1 mL/kg/min (95% CI 27.8-30.3) (adjusted for age, sex, days off activity, smoking, and alcohol). For the days off, 2 different trajectories were identified, but they differed only in terms of level and not by timing of physical activity.Conclusions: A large variation in the workday physical activity patterns was observed among aging workers. Independent of worktime activity, people who were more active in the evenings had more favorable health-related physical fitness than those who were less active throughout the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We investigated associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at different intensities (moderate and vigorous or moderate-to-vigorous) and prospective weight gain in non-obese people. We also examined whether these associations were independent of other lifestyle factors and changes in muscle mass and whether they were age-dependent and changed over a person's life course. Methods: The data were extracted from the Lifelines cohort study (N = 52,498; 43.5% men) and excluded obese individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m2). We used the validated SQUASH questionnaire to estimate moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA; MET≥4), moderate (MPA; MET between 4 and 6.5) and vigorous PA (VPA; MET≥6.5). Body weight was objectively measured, and changes were standardized to a 4-year period. Separate analyses, adjusted for age, educational level, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and changes in creatinine excretion (a marker of muscle mass), were performed for men and women. Results: The average weight gain was + 0.45 ± 0.03 kg in women. Relative to each reference groups (No-MVPA, No-MPA and No-VPA), MVPA (Beta (95%CI): − 0.34 kg (− 0.56;-0.13)), MPA (− 0.32 kg (− 0.54;-0.10)) and VPA (− 0.30 kg (− 0.43;-0.18)) were associated with less gain in body weight in women after adjusting for potential confounders, described above. These associations were dose-dependent when physically active individuals were divided in tertiles. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the lowest, middle, and highest MVPA tertiles relative to the 'No-MVPA' were, respectively, − 0.24 (− 0.47;-0.02), − 0.31 (− 0.53;-0.08), and − 0.38 (− 0.61;-0.16) kg. The average weight gain in men was + 0.13 ± 0.03 kg, and only VPA, not MPA was associated with less body weight gain. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the VPA tertiles relative to the 'No-VPA' group were, respectively, − 0.25 (− 0.42;-0.09), − 0.19 (− 0.38;-0.01) and − 0.20 (− 0.38;-0.02) kg. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association was no longer significant in men. The potential benefits of leisure-time PA were age-stratified and mainly observed in younger adults (men < 35 years) or stronger with younger age (women < 55 years). Conclusion: Higher leisure-time MVPA, MPA, and VPA were associated with less weight gain in women < 55 years. In younger men (< 35 years), only VPA was associated with less weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few studies explored the relationships among leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), coping, and life satisfaction among individuals with physical disabilities. This study aims to investigate how LPTA contributes to coping and life satisfaction among Korean individuals with physical disabilities. Using a purposive sampling strategy, a total of 351 people with physical disabilities participated in this study. The results of this study find that participation in LTPA leads to the development of active coping strategies that contribute to increased life satisfaction. This study suggests that encouraging LTPA participation can be a critical task to healthcare providers working with individuals with physical disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the relationship between leisure‐time physical activity, sitting time and prefrailty in community‐dwelling older adults. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: Between February and July 2019, 539 individuals over age 60 were recruited in northern Taiwan. Demographic, medical history, physical activity and frailty data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of prefrailty was 24.4%; 33.2% had regular leisure‐time physical activity, and 14.7% reported >6 hrs daily sitting time. Compared with individuals having regular leisure‐time physical activity and shorter sitting times (daily average ≤6 hrs), those having no regular leisure‐time physical activity and also shorter sitting times (adjusted OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.12, 2.92), or those also having regular leisure‐time physical activity but longer sitting times (adjusted OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.22, 8.79) had an increased prefrailty risk. Conclusions: Having no regular leisure‐time physical activity or longer sitting times is associated with a higher risk of prefrailty. For sedentary older adults to prevent prefrailty, they can become more active, sit less or better yet, commit to both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the stress and uncertainty of struggling with a serious disease, it is important to understand and identify factors related to the mental health of women with cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of health perceptions, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and social support on the mental health of women with breast cancer living in the U.S. Data for this study were obtained from the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5 Cycle 1). It was found that three independent variables (i.e., LTPA, perceived social support, and health perception) significantly contributed to mental health in the proposed model. Of these variables, social support was the strongest positive predictor of mental health among women with breast cancer, followed by LTPA and health perception. The results of this study suggest that receiving positive social support, participating in LTPA, and maintaining perceptions of positive health status are important for the mental health and wellbeing of women with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Associations of physical activity with all-cause mortality seem to be quite strong, but little is known about potential effect modifiers as sex, race/ethnicity, age, and obesity. Methods: Data of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted 1988-1994 with mortality follow-up until 2006, were used to compare mortality risk between different levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity (OPA). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: LTPA (n = 15,307) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.88 for regular vs. no LTPA). There was a statistically significant interaction with age (P= .03), with participants over 60 years of age benefittingmore from regular or irregular LTPA. OPA was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.85-1.84 for high vs. low OPA), particularly among Mexican-Americans (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.23-4.22); statistically significant interactions were observed for obesity and gender. Conclusions: LTPA clearly predicts all-cause mortality. However, associations between OPA and all-cause mortality are unclear and need further research with special regard to ethnic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Few studies estimated the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among hypertensive patients in a longitudinal cohort. This study aims to evaluate the association between LTPA and CVD in a longitudinal management cohort of hypertensive patients.Methods: A total of 58,167 hypertensive patients without baseline CVD from a longitudinal cohort were included in this study. LTPA and other covariates were measured at the follow-up four times annually. The primary outcome was CVD events. The association between LTPA and CVD was assessed by the marginal structure model (MSM) and Cox model with adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and antihypertensive medication. The restricted cubic spline and segmented regression were used to assess the dose–response relationship between LTPA and CVD.Results: We recorded 16,332 CVD events; crude incidence of CVD were 89.68, 80.39, 62.64, and 44.04 per 1,000 person-years for baseline 0, 1–150, 151–300, and >300 min/week LTPA, respectively. Compared with inactive LTPA, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) estimated by Cox model and MSM-Cox model for CVD associated with 1–150,151–300, and 300 min/week LTPA were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.88), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.64–0.71), 0.47 (95% CI, 0.44–0.51), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76–0.91), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.52–0.63), and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.35–0.44), respectively. Per 60 min/week increase in LTPA was associated with a 13% reduction in CVD risk. LTPA breakpoint was 417 min/week for CVD. Before and after the break-point, the slopes of the piecewise-linear relationship between LTPA and CVD risk were −0.0017 and −0.0003, respectively.Conclusion: LTPA was more strongly associated with the CVD risk than that estimated by conventional analyses based on baseline LTPA; 417 min/week is a breakpoint, after which the incremental health benefits on CVD prevention obtained from the increase in LTPA are much less than before.

Grounded in self-determination theory, this study examines the effects of a leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) intervention with work colleagues on work-related outcomes of relatedness satisfaction, engagement factors, satisfaction, and burnout subtypes. Fifty-seven teachers (Mage = 46.81 ± 7.90), from two secondary schools randomized as an experimental (n = 22) or control (n = 35) group, participated in the study. Thirty-two sessions based on playful, strength, aerobic, and back pain prevention activities were performed two days per week throughout one academic year. The experimental group teachers reported significant improvements in relatedness satisfaction, vigor, absorption, and satisfaction at work compared to the control group teachers and their own baseline scores. Results highlight that two weekly sessions of LTPA with work colleagues can lead to positive work-related outcomes among teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European population practice insufficient physical-sports activity. A possible influential factor is work activity. This paper intends to know the association between compliance with WHO recommendations and labour variables, using data from the European Social Survey with a sample of 18,240 active workers from 20 countries. The results demonstrate that people who worked less hours were physically more active. In the same way, women and people with low incomes were more negatively affected by long work days. The geographical area, incomes and age were more conditioning for physical activity than work hours. Finally, the independence to organize daily work could contribute to a higher level of practice in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer patients have a higher risk of depression and are associated with severe adverse prognosis. The relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and depressive symptoms in cancer patients is currently unclear. Therefore, our study mainly explores the potential association between LTPA and the weekly cumulative time of LTPA with depressive symptoms in cancer patients., Methods: We included and analyzed 3368 cancer patients (aged >20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the United States from 1999 to 2018. The LTPA score was evaluated through a self-report questionnaire, while depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between LTPA duration and the occurrence of cancer-related depressiive symptoms. Linear correlation was studied using the restricted cubic spline method., Results: According to a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model with confounding variables, the odds ratio (OR) between LTPA and depressive symptoms in cancer patients in this study was 0.59 (95 % confidence interval = 0.39, 0.92; P = 0.02). When the LTPA level was ≥300 min/week, the incidence of depressive symptoms was reduced by 59 % (OR = 0.41, 95 % CI = 0.21, 0.83). In addition, the cubic spline method was used to obtain a linear negative correlation between LTPA duration and tumor depressive symptoms., Conclusion: LTPA was negatively correlated with cancer-related depressive symptoms, and the cumulative time of LTPA/week was linearly correlated with depressive symptoms. The slope of the benefit curve changed significantly when the cumulative time of LTPA reached 600 min per week, suggesting that appropriately increasing LTPA had significant benefits on mental health of cancer patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Current research has shown promising associations between factors such as diet, total physical activity, and mental health outcomes, acknowledging the intricate interplay between these variables. However, the role of dietary intake of live microbes, coupled with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), in their relationship to depressive symptoms necessitates further exploration. The present study examined a cohort of 25 747 individuals who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between the years 2007 and 2018. Patient's Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was employed, whereby individuals scoring ≥ 10 were classified as exhibiting symptoms of depression. LTPA status was reported by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and calculated by metabolic equivalent-minutes/week. Foods consumed by participants were evaluated by live microbes per gram, which were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. After controlling for all covariates, findings indicated that LTPA was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (OR (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.983 (0.976, 0.990), p  < 0.001). Participating in more LTPA was positively correlated with consuming all three levels of dietary live microbes (low, β (95% CI): 0.086 (0.063, 0.109); medium, β (95% CI): 0.009 (0.007, 0.012); high, β (95% CI): 0.002 (0.001, 0.002)). Moreover, taking more foods with medium live microbes was associated with lower depressive likelihood (OR (95% CI): 0.931(0.882, 0.982), p  = 0.010). Intake of medium and high levels of live microbes mediated the association between LTPA and depressive symptoms by 4.15% and 0.83%, respectively. Dietary intake of foods containing medium and high levels of live microbes may be a mediator of LTPA's negative association with depressive symptoms., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Numerous studies have suggested that the perceived built environment is shaped by the objective built environment and influences human physical activity. However, the empirical examination of this pathway remains scant. Addressing this gap, our study investigates whether the built environment affects leisure-time physical activity through its impact on the perceived built environment, utilizing data collected from 760 residents in Fuzhou, China. Structural Equation Modeling results reveal a modest correlation between objective and perceived built environment elements, with the objective built environment being a stronger predictor of leisure-time physical activity. Notably, perceived recreational facilities significantly mediate the relationship between objective recreational facilities and leisure-time physical activity, accounting for 15% of the variance in physical activity due to objective recreational facilities. This mediation effect is consistent across subpopulations, irrespective of residential self-selection biases. These results highlight the imperative for urban planning and policy to extend beyond mere spatial allocation of amenities to enhancing both the actual and perceived accessibility of these facilities, thus underlining the study's profound implications for public health and urban development strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)