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A high-precision cross-correlation cavity length demodulation method for fiber-optic Fabry–Perot (F–P) sensors based on two different wavelength superluminescent diodes (SLDs) was proposed. This method can solve the problem of low demodulation accuracy caused by the difficulty in identifying the maximum cross-correlation coefficient when the cavity length of the fiber-optic F–P fiber sensor is too short, or when the spectral bandwidth of the illuminating single-light source is too narrow. This demodulation method is based on the principle that the two main peaks of the two cross-correlation curves corresponding to two different spectral ranges should match, and the average value of the two calculated cavity lengths corresponding to the two matched peaks is determined as the real cavity length. The cavity length demodulation of fiber-optic F–P sensors in the range of 20–200 μm shows a maximum measurement deviation of 0.008 μm, which is significantly smaller than the demodulation result obtained with a single light source, and the standard deviation of the measurement results is only approximately 0.0005 μm, indicating the high precision and stability of a dual SLD cross-correlation demodulation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The law of armed conflict prevents the coerced extraction of information from Prisoners of War (PoWs). We claim, however, that the letter of that law involves too broad a concept of coercion. On a natural reading, there is a sense in which any extraction of information—by any method—is coercive. We respect the notion that PoWs ought not be treated poorly, but we argue "coercion" should not be understood so broadly. With respect to its use in international law, we favor a moralized notion of "coercion," as opposed to a non-moralized one. We explain what this means, and argue why this is a better reading of the law. We think a moralized notion of coercion is more intuitive, is more in line with both actual practice and the intent of the framers of international law, and has practical benefits as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes two cases where prisoners of war captured in the 1914–17 Black Sea naval conflict were interrogated. In the first case a captured Russian naval officer witnessed an operationally significant event after his interrogation, and covertly reported this via a coded letter. The second case, of an Armenian engineer, reflected a wider Russian practice of capturing and debriefing 'Ottoman' sailors. The article sets both cases in the wider context of Russia's naval campaign against the Ottoman coal trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interrogation situation is a particularly asymmetric type of negotiation where the interrogated persons are prisoners and/or terrorists, having nothing more to lose because they know that their fate is already sealed. This type of relationship strictly responds to the definition of what is a negotiation, a process involving two or more parties to achieve a transaction. The objective of this article is to highlight the logic and techniques available to interrogators so that they succeed in establishing a form of exchange allowing them to gather strategic information, in particular when the parties to the conflict are engaged in open warfare. Five types of methods are distinguished and their effectiveness assessed: emotionally focused interrogation, morally based interrogation, manipulation, hard questioning, and extended object interrogation. Cases and examples are provided as illustrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Interrogation is a core task of practical police work. The outcomes of interrogation often provide crucial evidence for solving criminal cases. The success of interrogation depends on interactions between police officers and citizens. Based on a comprehensive literature overview, we propose a three-factor typology for interrogations by police officers. First, the competencies of police officers refer to the application of personal, professional, social, and methodological capabilities. The underlying concept of interrogation refers to the application of both explicit and implicit experience-based interrogation models. Communication refers to the goal-directed application of communication tactics and techniques. According to this typology, we discuss the major objectives of police interrogation in police service and training from police officers' perspectives. The present study provides guidance for practical police services and training by offering an evidence-based interrogation standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the relationships between individual differences in intelligence and personality and the ability to extract critical information (and identify missing but required information) from a suspect's brief sheet (i.e. model formulation) and develop a suitable line of questioning (i.e. approach strategizing) in interrogation scenarios. We hypothesised that cognitive flexibility, emotion management, low need for closure and rapport would all be predictors of these abilities. Two hundred and seventy-four participants of different backgrounds were exposed to two interrogation scenarios to assess model formation and approach strategizing abilities, as well as intelligence and personality tests. Benchmarks for performance were measured against two experienced interrogators and two psychologists' calibrated performance. In terms of overall performance, only rapport and cognitive flexibility were significant positive predictors. Whereas only rapport was a positive predictor of approach strategizing, both rapport and cognitive flexibility were positive predictors of model formation. In conclusion, the data from the early stage of our project suggests that the examined factors should be carefully considered when training and selecting optimal interrogators. Though previous research has identified a number of individual differences in intelligence and personality that are important in demanding law-enforcement contexts, ours is the first to explore them with respect to effective interrogator performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Domestic violence is becoming more widespread every day, but few people consider it as a prerequisite for other criminal offenses, among which the most serious and inevitable is murder, i.e. the onset of person’s death. According to the analysis of investigative and judicial practice during the investigation of murders, investigators do not fully investigate the preconditions that contributed to the crime, family relationships, the psychological state of those involved in the murder, etc. Most homicides are investigated and prosecuted without any evidence of domestic violence. Therefore, there is a need to develop a methodology for investigating murders committed in connection with the use of domestic violence, which would contain practical recommendations for conducting certain investigative (search) actions during the investigation of this category of cases. The author has determined the tactical features of conducting crime scene search and interrogation during the investigation of murders committed in connection with the use of domestic violence; has analyzed the scientific literature, investigative and judicial practice. The author has provided some peculiarities of tactics of carrying out certain investigative (search) actions during the investigation of murders committed in connection with the use of domestic violence. The most common investigative (search) actions have been analyzed. They are crime scene search and interrogation. The tactical techniquess that should be used during the investigation of this category of criminal offenses have been identified, and some statistics on the places of murder and the condition of persons involved in this crime have been provided.

The peculiarities for the formation of the methodology of investigating criminal offenses against the authority of state agencies in the field of law enforcement activity have been highlighted. It has been established that the specified group of criminal offenses includes: 1) interference in the activities of a law enforcement officer; 2) the threat of murder, bodily injury or destruction or damage to property in a generally dangerous manner in respect to an official or his relatives or in respect to a citizen performing public duties, used to terminate the activities of a citizen performing public duties or to change its nature in the interests of the person who makes threats; 3) unauthorized appropriation of powers combined with the commission of any socially dangerous actions. The general concept for the formation of forensic methods of investigating criminal offenses of this type has been defined. That concept consists in observing procedural requirements for carrying out inquiry, taking into account the needs of law enforcement agencies, using the experience of scholars on this issue and experience of investigative and judicial agencies in investigating minor crimes and criminal offenses. It has been clarified that during the formation of forensic methods of investigating criminal offenses, there were some controversial issues. They include: issues on the need to include matters about the separation of stages of investigation, forensic prevention, etc. into the structure of tactics of conducting covert (investigative) search actions. It has been established that the structure of methods of investigating criminal offenses against the authority of state agencies in the field of law enforcement activity should consist of the following elements: 1) forensic characteristics of criminal offenses against the authority of state agencies in the field of law enforcement activity; 2) circumstances to be established; 3) features of the beginning of criminal proceedings, typical investigative situations, algorithms of investigative (search) and procedural actions at the initial and subsequent stages of investigation; 4) specific features of tactics of conducting certain investigative (search), covert investigative (search) and procedural actions; 5) general features of using special knowledge; 6) specific features of forensic prevention of criminal offenses against the authority of state agencies in the field of law enforcement activity.

Interrogation is a core task of practical police work. The outcomes of interrogation often provide crucial evidence for solving criminal cases. The success of interrogation depends on interactions between police officers and citizens. Based on a comprehensive literature overview, we propose a three-factor typology for interrogations by police officers. First, the competencies of police officers refer to the application of personal, professional, social, and methodological capabilities. The underlying concept of interrogation refers to the application of both explicit and implicit experience-based interrogation models. Communication refers to the goal-directed application of communication tactics and techniques. According to this typology, we discuss the major objectives of police interrogation in police service and training from police officers’ perspectives. The present study provides guidance for practical police services and training by offering an evidence-based interrogation standard.

• Adults with developmental language disorder (DLD) have poor language abilities which may be a barrier to equitable interactions in the criminal justice system. • The current study found that, in a mock interrogation following a simulated crime, peer jurors were more likely to judge adult suspects with DLD as guilty than adult suspects with typical language. • Adult suspects with DLD who were innocent had a particularly challenging time convincing peers that they were not guilty, while adults with TL who were truly guilty were quite adept at wrongly convincing peers that they were innocent. • Lower expressive language abilities of accused suspects were associated with higher rates of guilty verdicts. • Although overall peer jurors were particularly poor at judging guilty and not guilty status, they were overconfident in the accuracy of their judgments. This study examined if there were differences in the guilty and not guilty judgments of adults with developmental language disorder (DLD) and those with typical language (TL) functioning. Twenty-four adults (12 DLD, 12 TL) were assigned to either the guilty or not guilty conditions. Those in the guilty condition engaged in a mock crime while those in the not guilty condition were informed that a crime had been committed. Peer jurors were presented with video interrogations of the DLD (6 guilty, 6 not guilty) and TL (6 guilty, 6 not guilty) participants and were asked to make categorical judgments of guilty and not guilty and to indicate confidence in their judgments. In general, peer jurors were not accurate in their judgments of the accused, and were more likely to judge individuals with DLD as guilty relative to accused individuals with TL. Peer jurors were particularly poor at judging innocent adults with DLD as not guilty and guilty adults with TL as guilty. Despite this, peer jurors were more confident than not in their guilty and not guilty determinations. Peer jurors are confident in their judgments of the guilt of the accused when they should not be, particularly in the case of accused adults with DLD. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wavelength-division multiplexed interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is reported. A directly modulated distributed-feedback laser array is used as a multi-wavelength, frequency scanning, pulsed-light source. A heterodyne detection technique is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of weak reflection signals. Reflections from three fiber Bragg gratings with different peak wavelengths are simultaneously observed as beat oscillations. Reflection spectra are clearly seen with a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 20 dB from the three fiber Bragg gratings with a reflectivity of 1% and an interval of approximately 1.5 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Virtually all researchers concerned with examining the peculiarities of forensic science in the United States point to the absence of a strict and systematized scientific system in this respect. This tells us that American forensic science has so far undergone few changes and interventions. However, the American scientific literature in the field of forensics records not only certain chapters dedicated to carrying out certain criminal prosecution actions and the use of various technical means in this regard, but also compartments of forensic psychology, criminal procedure evidence and behavioral tactics of trial participants in the process of hearing them at the stage of the criminal prosecution or in court. Likewise, due to the latest achievements and the borrowing of ideas from American criminologists, in the forensic literature in several states there is talk about the application of hypnosis, polygraph, cognitive interview and other techniques successfully applied in the interrogation (hearing) of persons involved in the investigation and examination of criminal cases. It was this moment that determined the importance, value and scientific novelty of the study presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I have conducted several consultations and interviews with police officers (investigators, detectives, inspectors) pursuing criminal procedures, also with prosecutors, judges and attorneys (hereinafter: criminalists) on what they mean by tactical bluff. I understood, that some criminalists do not differentiate between colloquial bluff and tactical bluff, that can be the source of several mistakes.

The article presents the issues aimed at the implementation of the requirements of the criminal and criminal procedure laws on the study of the person who committed the crime as an integral system of its interrelated properties, qualities, features. Along with the identification of sources of relevant information and the use of certain methods of its study, an important component of the activity under consideration is the definition of ways of collecting characterizing information.The article describes the semantics of the word “method”, examines the use of this method of studying the identity of a minor who committed a crime, as the production of interrogation. The Author highlights the problem of insufficiency and (or) unreliability of information about the identity of the juvenile brought to criminal responsibility, including those obtained during interrogation and confrontation. Possibilities of application of methods of conversation and supervision for the purpose of studying of the personality of the teenager at production of his interrogation are revealed. It lists the subjects who may have a particular set of information about the perpetrator of the crime, as well as a list of questions that must be put to them in the course of their interrogation.

Copyright of College of Law Journal for Legal & Political Sciences / Magallat Kulliyyat Al-Qanun Li-L-ulum Al-Qanuniyyat Wa-Al-Siyasiyyat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In India, the majority of kidney transplants are living donor transplants. The transplant law in India only permits donation from first degree relatives, spouses, grandparents and altruistic donation without any commercial intent. Donation that happens other than first degree relative require to go through the process of authorization by a committee that determines their intent of donation. In spite of the requirements that are clearly laid down in the Act, fake and fraudulent activities have been reported to make donations happen with a commercial intent. This paper is an attempt to inform and empower clinicians and transplant coordinators and give them the requisite skills that would help them to identify fraudulent relationships, detect discrepancies in the documents and help ensure that the hospital and the doctors follow the law of the land and not fall prey to fake documentation that has a commercial intent of donation. Sample cases have been studied based on their coordination and different ways of approaches to detect falsification of documents and tutoring of the donors by the family members or broker. It was seen that with the right approach that included thorough donor-recipient interrogation, close scrutinization of documents and keenly observing the donor-recipient relationship including their body language and attire, various discrepancies could be identified. All transplant teams should include a well-trained Transplant Coordinator who is alert to every case of a living donor recipient pair and makes a thorough assessment of the relationship by observing, interviewing and scrutinizing the documents of relationship to exclude fraud. Some recommendations have also been drawn up to minimize the risk of fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the study is to show the KGB documents concerning the personnel of the International Committee of the Red Cross, which are held in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine in Transcarpathia, Uzhgorod and give evidence about the deportations to the Soviet Union during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. To write my study I used the following method: analysing archival documents, study professional literature. Results: Nowadays, more and more archival sources prove that Transcarpathia had an important role during the days of the Hungarian revolution in 1956, and also in the period after it. The representatives of the Soviet political leadership, that led the crushing of the revolution, settled at Uzhgorod. The KGB leaders, and high-ranking officers delegated from Moscow to Transcarpathia constantly informed the Soviet Union Communist Party's Central Committee and Secretariat. Also, from Uzhgorod they organized the deportations of the Hungarian revolutionists to the Soviet Union. Three members of the ICRC were among the deported ones, who were taken to the prison to Uzhgorod. The ICRC had sent a telegram to Dmitri Shepilov, the Soviet foreign minister concerning the Hungarian peoples' deportation to the Soviet Union, in early November 1956. It received a very short answer from Andrei Gromyko, then deputy foreign minister, suggesting the organization instead of the Soviet authorities should contact the Hungarian government. At the end of the year, János Kádár announced that all deportees had been repatriated, and according to the KGB documents most of them were really taken back to Hungary, among them the co-workers of the ICRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interviewing or interrogating of suspects is a stage in criminal investigations in which additional information related to the investigation is sought. Interrogations have historically been intended for obtaining confessions, and some police officers in many countries have made use of coercive or accusatory techniques to this end. The study reported here is the first to examine current practices for the interviewing of suspects in Brazil. Our results from a sample of civil police officers from two states in the south of Brazil indicated that they usually investigate a wide range of crimes, and interrogations last on average around one hour. The use of coercive techniques was reported be less frequent than the use of accusatory techniques during the interrogation of suspects. Participants informed having received limited specific training for the interviewing of suspects. Factors, such as the number of investigated crimes, duration and number of interrogations, and police officers' years of experience, were associated with the more frequent use of accusatory practices. Taking into account the limitations of a self-report survey from just a few states of the country, we discuss possible implications of our results for improving current practices for the interviewing of suspects in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skillfully presenting evidence/information to suspects is one of the few interviewing techniques that increases the likelihood of guilty suspects providing information or making a confession, without making innocent ones do so as well. It is important that this evidence/information is correct, since deliberately disclosing incorrect evidence poses some risks. Also, in real-life interviews, police interviewers may unwittingly disclose incorrect evidence, for example when a witness was mistaken and provided the police with incorrect information. The present study examined the behavior of fifty police interviewers in interviews with "suspects" of a scripted crime: what is their response when the interviewees try to explain to them that some of the evidence/information just disclosed by them is incorrect? Eleven interviewers responded adaptively (by actively picking up on this new information), 35 responded in a neutral way and four responded maladaptively (by discrediting the interviewee's claim). Experience and a full interview training had a significant negative relationship with adaptiveness. These results indicate that, when preparing and conducting interviews with suspects, greater awareness is needed of the possibility that some of the evidence/information that is to be disclosed could be incorrect, and therefore it is crucial that suspects' responses which suggest such may be the case are taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main provisions on the organization and conduction of interrogation of minors who are victims of violence have been revealed. The concept of physical, sexual and psychological violence against a child has been studied. The features of interrogation of minors who are victims of violence and their significance in criminal proceedings have been theoretically analyzed. The author has determined the subject matter, object and tasks of interrogation of minors and features of the impact of violence on the development of a child and evidence provided by this child. Despite the large number of works focused on the study of various aspects of minors participation in different investigative actions, the legal and psychological literature does not sufficiently describe the psychological features of the interrogation of minors and does not fully analyze the factors that may affect the juvenile’s testimony while conducting such an investigative action as the interrogation. The author has emphasized the expediency of conducting investigative (search) actions against children, based on the principles of child-friendly justice (participation of the child, ensuring the best interests of the child, dignity, protection against discrimination, rule of law). The author has analyzed the algorithm of interrogation of a child based on the use of the following formula: “safe place + safe adult = safe child”; has provided recommendations to take into account the psychological and organizational features of different phases of the child’s interviewing; formulation of questions for minors who are victims of violence according to age and their psycho-emotional state. Examples of formulating the questions during the interviewing of children of preschool, primary school and adolescence age have been provided. It has been noted that consideration of the described psychological features during the interrogation (interviewing) of children who are victims of violence, will reduce the protective mechanisms of the psyche, minimize re-traumatization of the child and increase the effectiveness of the interrogation.

Lab-on-a-chip systems are currently one of the most promising areas in the development of ultra-compact sensor systems, used primarily for gas and liquid analysis to determine the concentration of impurities. Integrated photonics is an ideal basis for designing “lab-on-a-chip” systems, advantageous for its compactness, energy efficiency, and low cost in mass production. This paper presents a solution for “lab-on-a-chip” device realization, consisting of a sensor and an interrogator based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) integrated photonics platform. The sensor function is performed by an all-pass microring resonator (MRR), installed as a notch filter in the feedback circuit of an optoelectronic oscillator based on an electro-optic phase modulator. This structure realizes the frequency interrogation of the sensor with high accuracy and speed using a conventional single-mode laser source. The system sensitivity for the considered gases is 13,000 GHz/RIU. The results show that the use of frequency interrogation makes it possible to increase the intrinsic LoD by five orders. The proposed solution opens an opportunity for fully integrated implementation of a photonic “laboratory-on-a-chip” unit.

This article presents the role and the meaning of the key element of the Miranda Warning, i.e. the right to remain silent in the Irish criminal proceedings. The cognitive value is also refl ected in the comparison of that rule with the right to refuse to make a statement by the detained, applicable in the Polish criminal procedural law.

This article explores the patterns of 11 types of criminal evidence collected by a detective team in real-life 172 volume crime cases that occurred in South Korea. Electronic and paper case files were analyzed to examine the patterns of how much and which type of evidence was collected per case. The results show that, in general, the team collected almost four pieces of evidence per case, and notably, testimonial evidence (e.g., statements) was collected more often than physical evidence (e.g., video recordings, DNA, and fingerprints). Among the physical evidence types, video recording was the most available; victim statement was the most available of testimonial evidence types. Another finding was that more evidence was collected before than after interrogation. Overall, this study provides empirical insights into the current landscape of evidence collection practices in South Korean police investigations, with implications for both law enforcement procedures and academic research on criminal justice systems., Competing Interests: I have no known conflict of interest to disclose., (© 2024 The Author.)

The design of a refractometric sensing system for liquids analysis with a sensor and the scheme for its intensity interrogation combined on a single photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is proposed. A racetrack microring resonator with a channel for the analyzed liquid formed on the top is used as a sensor, and another microring resonator with a lower Q-factor is utilized to detect the change in the resonant wavelength of the sensor. As a measurement result, the optical power at its drop port is detected in comparison with the sum of the powers at the through and drop ports. Simulations showed the possibility of registering a change in the analyte refractive index with a sensitivity of 110 nm per refractive index unit. The proposed scheme was analyzed with a broadband source, as well as a source based on an optoelectronic oscillator using an optical phase modulator. The second case showed the fundamental possibility of implementing an intensity interrogator on a PIC using an external typical single-mode laser as a source. Meanwhile, additional simulations demonstrated an increased system sensitivity compared to the conventional interrogation scheme with a broadband or tunable light source. The proposed approach provides the opportunity to increase the integration level of a sensing device, significantly reducing its cost, power consumption, and dimensions.

Copyright of Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Polish penalty procedure, the witness is an important source of evidence. The court assesses his credibility in the light of the free assessment of evidence directives' principles (Article 7 of the Code of Criminal Procedure -- CCP). In a situation where there is doubt about the mental state of the witness, his mental development condition, his ability to perceive or recreate perceptions, the court or the prosecutor, according to the content of Article 192 § 2 of the CCP, may order an interrogation of a witness with the participation of, among oth- ers, expert psychologist. This may take place, for example, in case of a witness with mental disorders or a witness in old age. Opinions drawn up by an expert psychologists are also very helpful in the process of assessing the credibility of the witness's testimony, especially in interrogation of a witness under the age of 15 (Article 185a and b of the CCP). The psychologist may also take part in interrogation of a witness in cases related to offenses specified in Article 197--199 of the CC (Article 185c § 3 of the CCP). The presence of an expert psychologist in the courtroom or in a place specifically designated by the procedural authorities, is conditioned by the disclosure of circumstances justifying the suspicion of the existence of factors that disrupt or exclude the ability to perceive, remember and reproduce observations and reporting facts. These circumstances are not always the real doubts concerning the mental state of the witness, and the role of an expert psychologist in these tasks is often not fully used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police-suspect interrogation is a peculiar discourse genre where there is interplay of power and dominance. This study examines the process by which linguistic coercion by the police is being actualized. The data for the study were interrogations between the police and some suspects that were selected within Ondo and Ekiti State Police Commands. The towns were purposively chosen based on their geographical spread across the Ondo Area Command as well as their population and commercial advantages. The data gathered were transcribed and analysed using Gibbons' Forensic Questioning model. Since police-suspect interaction is based on questions and answers, questions in police-suspect interaction were classified according to the degree of power embedded in them. The result indicated that assault, abduction, affray and robbery were the common themes in Police-Suspect Discourse. The findings of the study reveal that in Police-Suspect Discourse there are such questions as declarative, choice, restricted and non-restricted WH-questions, special formulas and projected questions. The study further reveals that the questioning strategies of the police afford them the opportunity of controlling the interrogation. The more frequently the police use questions, the more they are coercive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an interrogation method to improve the resolution of DFB (distributed feedback) fiber laser acoustic emission (AE) sensing system. In this method, the coefficients of three ellipses formed by every two-channel interference fringe are estimated using bias-corrected ellipse-specific fitting (BCESF). The system parameters can be further corrected using the coefficients of the three ellipses. A resolution of $2\times 10 ^{-7}$ pm/ $\surd $ Hz at 100 kHz, which is approximately 10 dB higher than the traditional method, is achieved using the system parameters correction. The carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates tensile test shows that the improved DFB fiber laser AE sensing system exhibits better performance than the PZT sensor. The damage initiation, damage spread, and instability stages of CFRP laminates’ failure process can be accurately recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]