Search

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is detectable and preventable in premalignant stages. In 2013, a population-based cervical cancer screening (CCS) programme was set up in Flanders (Belgium) promoting screening by means of sending reminder letters. Yet, in 2021, only a CCS coverage of 63.6% has been reached, which is just a bare increase since the implementation of the programme (62.7% in 2013) (Jaarrapport 2022, Centrum voor Kankeropsporing (CvKO), 2022; Jaarrapport 2015, Centrum voor Kankeropsporing (CvKO), 2015). Objectives To explore the characteristics of under- and neverscreened women in Flanders and to gain a better understanding of the barriers that prevent these women from attending CCS as well as factors that may facilitate CCS uptake. Methods Twelve in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions were conducted with gynaecologists, general practitioners, community health workers and stakeholders providing support to women belonging to potentially underscreened population groups. Reported barriers and facilitators were subsequently classified using the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM). Finally, a causal loop diagram was constructed to visualise the dynamic interrelations among the barriers and facilitators. Results Stakeholders and healthcare professionals confirm the vulnerability for cervical cancer screening in women with a substance use disorder and women with a migration background. The participation in screening among female sex workers is contingent upon their specific work environment. The group of never- or underscreened women is very heterogeneous and includes many women who are either unaware of CCS or have other priorities. A lack of focus on prevention is the most commonly reported barrier at the healthcare system level. Increasing awareness about cervical cancer (screening) and creating more opportunities for healthcare workers to offer prevention services are the primary facilitators. Conclusion To improve screening participation in Flanders, different screening strategies tailored to a diversity of women are needed.

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı sağlık çalışanlarında sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yalnızlık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmada 177 sağlık çalışanının verileri kesitsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcılar tarafından sosyodemografik veri formu, Yetişkinler İçin Sosyal ve Duygusal Yalnızlık Ölçeği ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu doldurulmuştur.Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 34,8±7,84’tür ve %54,8’ini kadınlar oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların %21,5’i doktor, %29,4’ü hemşire, %23,2’si sekreter ve %26’sı yardımcı sağlık personelinden oluşmaktadır. Youtube kullanımının doktor ve hemşirelerde daha fazla olduğu, 34 yaş/üzeri grubun daha fazla Whatsapp ve Facebook kullandığı, kadınların erkeklere göre daha fazla Instagram kullandığı, ilköğretim/lise mezunu bireylerin daha fazla Facebook kullandığı saptanmıştır (p

Suad Abdikarim Isse,1 Ahmet Do&gbreve;an,2 Tigad Abdisad Ali,1 Jabir Abdullahi Wehlie,3 Abdirahim Ali Adam,4 Hüsna Öztürk5 1Department of Infect&inodot;on Prevent&inodot;on Control, Mogad&inodot;shu Somal&inodot; Turk&inodot;ye Recep Tayy&inodot;p Erdogan Tra&inodot;n&inodot;ng and Research Hosp&inodot;tal, Mogadishu, Somalia; 2Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkiye; 3Department of Dermatology, New Vision Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia; 4Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu-Somalia-Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdo&gbreve;an Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia; 5Department of Infectious Control Nurse Istanbul Ko&scedil;uyolu Yüksek &Idot;htisas E&gbreve;itim ve Ara&scedil;t&inodot;rma Hastanesi, Istanbul, TurkiyeCorrespondence: Suad Abdikarim Isse; Tigad Abdisad Ali, Email suadabdikarim89@gmail.com; tigaadvip@gmail.comBackground: Hand hygiene is a critical preventive measure for controlling infections, particularly in underdeveloped nations.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, from January to March 2024. This study aimed to assess compliance with hand hygiene practices and related factors among healthcare professionals.Results: The study population comprised 52% men and 47.3% women. Most participants held bachelor’s degrees, with the majority being nurses or midwives. A significant proportion had over five years of work experience. Almost all participants were knowledgeable about hand hygiene. Most reported cleaning and drying their hands before, during, and after contact with bodily fluids during aseptic procedures. Age, gender, educational status, marriage, working experience, type of occupation, receiving hand hygiene training and knowledge, and having the availability of water, soap, alcohol, and gloves significantly affected the overall uptake of infection control measures in Mogadishu (p< 0.05).Conclusion: The findings highlight an urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance hand hygiene practices in Somalia. Addressing training gaps and resource shortages is crucial for reducing infection rates and safeguarding patient health in this high-risk setting.Keywords: hand hygiene compliance, healthcare workers, Mogadishu, Somalia, infection control

Abstract Few studies have explored the association between residential noise exposure and burnout. In this study, we investigated the association between residential noise exposure and burnout prevalence among 5416 health-care workers in Taiwan from 2012 to 2017. Burnout was evaluated using the Mandarin version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory by considering both continuous and binary measures. We applied ordinary Kriging models to calculate the annual average residential noise exposure at an individual level. Multivariable linear regression models and logistic regression models were employed. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore dose–response relationships. The median age of the health-care workers was 31.5 years. In the multivariable linear regression models, exposure to residential noise (per 1 dBA) was associated with increases in personal burnout and work-related burnout scores by 1.59 ± 0.25 and 1.38 ± 0.20, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 1.32) for personal burnout and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.26) for work-related burnout per 1-dBA increase in residential noise exposure. Linear dose–response associations of burnout with residential noise level were detected. Our findings suggest that exposure to residential noise may increase the risk of burnout among health-care workers.

Abstract Background Adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) standards and guidelines by healthcare workers is essential for reducing the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, IPC practices among healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ethiopia, are generally inadequate. This research aims to identify the barriers to and facilitators of IPC practices in the Pediatrics and Child Health Department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Ethiopia. Methods We employed a rapid ethnographic assessment (REA) approach for this study, using focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews (IDIs), and observations to collect data. Participants were selected from the Pediatrics and Child Health Department of TASH, and data collection took place in March and April 2022. Two FGDs and eight IDIs were conducted in the participants’ workplace within the department. Unstructured guides were used to facilitate the FGDs and IDIs. Nvivo version 10 software was used for data organization and analysis. The data were coded deductively through thematic analysis to identify similar ideas and concepts, based on the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model. Result A total of 23 healthcare workers participated, with 15 in FGDs and 8 in IDIs. The study identified several barriers to IPC practices, including nonadherence to IPC practice protocols, lack of pre-employment training, space constraints, insufficient maintenance and repair of equipment, limited management engagement and support, shortage of resources and budget, incidents of needle stick injuries and infections, high workloads for healthcare workers, shortages of personal protective equipment and water supply, and inadequate waste management. We also identified some facilitators, including the existence of an IPC team and committee, a health education schedule for patients and visitors, morning sessions for healthcare providers, and the presence of television screens in waiting areas. By addressing the identified barriers and leveraging the facilitators, department heads, IPC team leaders, and decision-makers can develop targeted strategies and interventions to improve infection control, reduce the spread of HAIs, and ultimately enhance the quality of healthcare services. Conclusion This study explored several barriers that contribute to inappropriate and suboptimal IPC practices in the study area. These barriers create significant challenges for healthcare workers and hindering their ability to effectively implement IPC practices. The findings highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of the problems, which not only affect the current working environment but also compromise the overall quality of care. The hospital administrator should address these critical issues to improving IPC practices and ensuring a safer healthcare environment.

Abstract In 2022, South Africa (SA) had the second-highest HIV incidence rate among adolescents worldwide. This study’s participants were boys living in SA aged 15–19 years old, in a current dating or sexual relationship, and diagnosed with HIV before the age of 10. Despite the launch of campaigns to spread awareness of Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U = U), our findings showed that a significant number of adolescents living with HIV do not demonstrate an understanding of the concept. This highlights the importance of integrating U = U messaging in ongoing conversations with healthcare workers given the potential positive impact on adolescent wellbeing, transmission risk perception, and safer sexual practices.

Heba Ashi,1 Marwah A Afeef,2 Faris M Almutairi,3 Razin H Subahi,4 Emad A Aljohani,5 Zuhair S Natto1 1Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Research & Studies, Al-Thagher Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Respiratory Therapy, Al-Thagher Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 4Specialty Dental Centre. Al-Thagher Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Health Services and Hospital Management, Al-Thagher Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Marwah A Afeef, Al-Thagher Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966535732762, Email mafeef@moh.gov.saObjective: In this study, we aim to determine post-pandemic level of secondary traumatic stress and the associated factors among healthcare workers practicing in the Western province of Saudi Arabia.Methods: Healthcare workers practicing at public health sector of the Western province of Saudi Arabia. Received Web-based Self-administered questionnaire, assessing post-pandemic Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), using Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS).Results: A total of 380 responses received. Logistic regression analysis identified significant predictors of secondary traumatic stress (STS). Females had a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing STS (OR=2.425, p< 0.001). Doctors were significantly more likely to experience STS compared to other specialties (OR=2.863, p=0.016). Participants sleeping 7 hours were associated with a lower likelihood of STS (OR=0.427, p=0.016), while sleeping 6 hours showed a trend towards lower STS but was not statistically significant (p=0.068). Participants aged 50 and above were significantly less likely to experience STS (OR=0.275, p=0.021). Lastly, Saudi nationals were significantly more likely to experience STS compared to non-Saudis (OR=2.717, p=0.014).Conclusion: Female healthcare workers, doctors, and those younger than 50 years old were all found to be at a significantly higher risk of STS. Interestingly, sleep duration emerged as a potential protective factor, with those sleeping 7 hours exhibiting a lower risk of STS. Finally, the analysis revealed a higher prevalence of STS among Saudi nationals compared to non-Saudis.Keywords: secondary traumatic stress, post-pandemic, healthcare workers, Saudi Arabia, public sector

Abstract Background Public health emergencies, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, put great pressure on healthcare workers (HCW) across the world, possibly increasing the risk of experiencing ethically challenging situations (ECS). Whereas experiencing ECS as a HCW in such situations is likely unavoidable, mitigation of their adverse effects (e.g., moral distress) is necessary to reduce the risk of long-term negative consequences. One possible route of mitigation of these effects is via work environmental factors. Objectives The current study aimed to examine: [1] risk factors associated with ECS among HCW [2], intensity of moral distress associated with ECS across various occupational factors (i.e., profession, degree of exposure to patients with Covid-19), and [3] the impact of work environmental factors on this association, in a sample of HCW during the pandemic. Methods We employed multiple logistic and linear regression to self-report data from 977 HCWs at four Norwegian hospitals responding to a survey at the fourth wave of the pandemic. Results About half of HCW in this study had experienced ECS during the pandemic, and levels of moral distress associated with such were higher than in previous studies using similar assessment methods. Younger age, female sex, geographical work area (mid-north of Norway), and profession (nurse) were all associated with higher odds (range of OR: 1.30–2.59) of experiencing ECS, as were direct contact with patients with Covid-19. Among those participants who reported that they had experienced ECS during the pandemic, moral distress levels when recalling those situations were moderate (Mean 5.7 on a 0–10 scale). Men reported somewhat lower intensity of moral distress (partial eta squared; ηp2 = 0.02). Reporting a manageable workload (ηp2 = 0.02), and greater opportunity to work according to best practice (ηp2 = 0.02), were associated with lower levels of moral distress. Conclusions Our findings suggest that moral distress could potentially be mitigated on an organizational level, particularly by focusing on ensuring a manageable workload, and an ability to work according to best practice. To build sustainable healthcare systems robust enough to withstand future public health emergencies, healthcare organizations should implement measures to facilitate these aspects of HCWs’ work environment.

Introduction: In healthcare settings, needle stick injuries (NSIs) pose a serious risk to occupational health. They often go unreported, which exposes a crucial weakness in workplace safety procedures. Research on needle stick injuries is crucial for enhancing the safety and well-being of healthcare workers, improving healthcare delivery, and ensuring that healthcare environments are as safe and effective as possible. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of needle stick injuries among Healthcare workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2024 to June 2024 in a tertiary care hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh among 213 Health Care Workers (HCWs) i.e., physicians (consultants, specialists, and residents), nurses, other healthcare workers, and class IV employee working for a period of more than one year. A pre designed and pre tested structured questionnaire was developed for the study. Data regarding injuries by needle stick was collected. All needle stick injuries occurring between the period April 2023 and March 2024 was recorded. Results: The prevalence of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers was found to be 11.7% (25 out of 213) in the period of April 2023 to March 2024. Fingers (88%) were the most common site of NSI, followed by palm (8%) and hands (4%). The most common place of occurrence of NSI was wards (40%) and majority of the injuries were superficial (84%). The most common sharp causing NSI was needle (72%), followed by glass items (20%) and scalpel (4%). There was a statistically significant association between NSI and gender, years of experience, dissembling of needles by hand and working shift of health care workers (p=0.000). Conclusion: Prevalence of NSI was found to be higher among medical and paramedical staff who were working during day shift, working more than 7 hours a day and had an experience of less than 3 years.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program among adults in India is one of the highly successful vaccination drives globally, but the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among parents for their children is largely unknown. As parents are primary decision-makers for their children, we aimed to assess parents’ perceptions and acceptance for COVID-19 vaccination for children in India. AIM: To assess parental perceptions and acceptance for COVID-19 vaccination for their children (aged

Abstract Studies on the prevalence and factors of depression, and anxiety symptoms from a work-ascribed or causal perspective are not available and studies on the prevalence of occupational stress in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational depression, job anxiety, and occupational stress, and to identify their determinants in healthcare workers. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in selected public hospitals in the Central and Southern Ethiopia from 16th January to 28th February 2023. We used stratified random sampling to select 9 public hospitals from three strata: primary, general and tertiary hospitals. We collected data using scales of perceived occupational stress, occupational depression inventory, and job anxiety. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis followed by determining the prevalence of those mental symptoms and identifying independent factors using multiple ordinal logistic regression. Among 1426 healthcare workers, the overall prevalence of occupational depressive, job anxiety, and occupational stress symptoms were 39.0%, 57.6%, and 68.0%, respectively. Females, medical specialists, participants with a history of disease or injury, those with low job dissatisfaction, higher sleeping disorder scores, higher life-threatening events (LTEs) scores, and longer working hours were more likely to report occupational depressive symptoms. Participants with poor perceived health significantly increased the odds of reporting job anxiety symptoms. Participants with low job satisfaction, a history of workplace verbal violence, higher scores for sleep disorders, and higher LTEs score had significantly greater odds of reporting both job anxiety and occupational stress symptoms. Younger participants were also more likely to report occupational stress symptoms. Our study highlights the need to prioritize workplace mental health interventions for healthcare workers. The study also suggested the need to address gender, educational level, job satisfaction, and sleep hygiene, develop coping mechanisms for LTEs, prevent workplace violence, and manage of working hours per week to enhance the mental well-being of healthcare workers in Ethiopia.

Abstract Background Intrusive memories of psychologically traumatic events bring distress both sub-clinically and clinically. This parallel-group, two-arm randomised controlled trial evaluated the effect of a brief behavioural intervention on reducing intrusive memories in frontline healthcare workers exposed to traumatic events during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants with at least two intrusive memories of work-related trauma in the week before recruitment were randomised 1:1 to an imagery-competing task intervention (n = 73) or attention-based control task (n = 71). The number of intrusive memories was assessed at baseline and 5 weeks after the guided session (primary endpoint). Results The intervention significantly reduced intrusive memory frequency compared with control [intervention Mdn = 1.0 (IQR = 0–3), control Mdn = 5.0 (IQR = 1–17); p

Background Preterm birth is a process that fundamentally alters parental or caregiver roles, particularly in the early weeks of childbirth. Caregiver experiences can be distressing due to struggles with an unfamiliar and potentially threatening environment of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). These experiences can affect the development of parenting or caregiving roles to a greater extent. Supporting caregivers of preterm infants through education and information sharing can significantly improve neonatal outcomes. This study sought to explore the experiences of caregivers with hospitalized preterm infants regarding the education and information they received from healthcare workers on the care of preterm infants. Method An exploratory descriptive qualitative study that explored caregivers’ experiences with the management of preterm infants hospitalized at the Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a tertiary level facility with an annual delivery of almost 7500 and a bed capacity of 26. The study utilized a deductive approach and a purposive sampling technique to recruit 16 caregivers who participated in an in-depth interview using a piloted semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings The study identified three major themes, which were (1) preterm infant feeding and keeping infants warm, (2) routine procedures and activities at the NICU, and (3) preparation towards homecare after discharge. Seven (7) sub-themes were generated. Caregivers were satisfied with the education and information they received on infant feeding and keeping the infant ward. They also had adequate education that prepared them for home care of the preterm infant. Caregivers did not receive timely information and education on the health status of their infants and the care processes of the NICU. They felt they were left out as they were not involved in decision-making. Regarding the care of the preterm infant. The inadequate flow of information and use of medical terminologies were a great source of worry and frustration for participants. The study showed that although the NICU staff were willing to offer health education to caregivers, information giving and education were not structured and hence did not address all the needs of the caregivers. Conclusion Healthcare providers caring for preterm infants include caregiver education in their routine NICU activities and procedures. These processes start from the period of admission till discharge. Their education sessions primarily focus on breastfeeding, keeping the infant warm and adequate preparation of caregivers for preterm infant home care. This notwithstanding there are gaps in caregiver education and information on routine procedures in the NICU as well as information on the health needs of the infant. Participants are not fully involved in the decision-making processes and the use of medical terminologies compound caregivers’ frustrations and anxieties. It is important to develop structured educational programs tailored to address the information needs faced by caregivers to ensure optimal health outcomes for their preterm infants.

Night shift work and long working hours are associated with increased health risk. The aim of the study was to follow the effects of night shift work on morbidity of hospital healthcare workers (HCWs), determinants of ill health and mediating factors.

Abstract Background Healthcare workers are a high-risk group for COVID-19 and protecting them is crucial for healthcare delivery. Limited studies have explored compliance with infection prevention and control (IPC) practices among Somali healthcare workers. This study aimed to determine compliance with IPC practices among healthcare workers in De Martino Public Hospital, Somalia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the De Martino Public Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia from August to October 2022, with the participation of 204 healthcare workers (response rate = 97%). Compliance was assessed using responses to 25 questions on a five-point Likert-type scale, and a median score of 20 was used to dichotomize compliance scores. A chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to check the associations between healthcare workers’ socio-demographic information, IPC-related factors, work conditions and practices on COVID-19, and IPC compliance during healthcare interventions using SPSS 23 version. Results In total, 58.3% of the participants had good compliance with IPC. There were significant associations between IPC compliance and the type of healthcare worker (doctors and doctor assistants: 72.3%, nurses and paramedical staff: 67.3%, non-clinical staff: 5.7%, p 0.05 for all). Conclusions Low levels of compliance with COVID-19 IPC measures were observed among hospital workers. Prioritizing awareness campaigns and behavior change interventions, especially among non-clinical staff, is crucial for effective COVID-19 infection prevention and control within hospitals.

Abstract Background Workplace violence in the healthcare sector has become a global issue that poses a threat to the safety and well-being of healthcare staff. This study aims to understand and analyze workplace violence experienced by public healthcare workers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Results This is an observational analytical descriptive study using a cross-sectional design across 482 healthcare workers from 7 general public hospitals taken through stratified random sampling with a standardized questionnaire. The surveys found that 65 from 482 healthcare workers (13.6%) admitted to experiencing physical violence, verbal abuse, bullying, and/or sexual harassment. It is most prevalent among nurses, with the majority occurring in the emergency department ward. Verbal abuse is the most common type, mainly perpetrated by patients’ relatives. Most workers who experience violence take no action. In the bivariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between professions (p = 0.045) and their workplace (p

Akademik araştırmalar hastanelerin mekânsal düzenlemelerinin sağlık çalışanlarının iş verimliliği üzerinde son derece etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Hastaneler, birbiri ile ilişkili olan farklı birimleri bünyesinde barındıran karmaşık fonksiyonlu yapılardır. Ancak hastane yapılarının en önemli kullanıcı gruplarından biri olan sağlık çalışanlarının planlama ve tasarım sürecinde yeteri kadar yer almamaları, hem iş gücü performansı, hem de çalışma motivasyonları üzerinde olumsuz etkilerin oluşmasına neden olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla hastane tasarımında mimari mekân kalitesinin sağlık çalışanlarının memnuniyeti bağlamında ele alınması sağlıklı çalışma ortamlarının oluşturulması açısından önemli olmaktadır. Bu nedenle İstanbul’da yer alan iki hastanede görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının kullanım sürecinde mekân kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada sağlık çalışanlarının çalışma ortamlarının kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarını ne ölçüde karşıladığı ve kullanıcı memnuniyeti açısından mimari mekân kalitesinin değerlendirilebilmesi için İstanbul’da bulunan iki hastanede alan çalışması yapılmıştır. Alan çalışması literatür taraması, mimari proje okumaları ve anket araştırma tekniklerinde dayandırılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastaneler “hasta yoğunluğuna bağlı mekânsal yapılanmalarının kapasite/sayısal yeterliliği”, “mekânsal çalışma alanlarının boyutsal uygunluğu”, “mobil makine ve ekipman açısından mekânsal sirkülasyon uygunluğu” ve “mekânsal konumlandırılma uygunluğu” kriterleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Anket tekniği 90 sağlık personeli (12 doktor, 38 hemşire, 40 tıbbi teknisyen) ile birebir yüz yüze yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda sağlık çalışanlarının problemli olarak tanımladıkları alanların asansörler, hastane bahçesi ve otopark olduğu tespit edilmiş ve yeni yapılacak hastaneler için bazı stratejiler belirlenmiştir.

Introduction: In healthcare-related situations, needle sticks represent a substantial work-related health risk. Healthcare professionals face the danger of contracting blood-borne infections as well as the psychological impact of these wounds. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of needle stick injuries and the associated socio-demographic determinants among healthcare workers. Methods: The research employed a cross-sectional design, with data collection occurring from February 1st, 2023 to February 1st, 2024. 380 participants were conveniently selected from different Al-Najaf City/Iraq healthcare institutions. The study sample included a variety of specialists, including anesthetics, surgeons, dentists, surgeon assistants, anesthetics assistants, nurses, physicians, and laboratory workers. A self-administered questionnaire from previously published articles was used for data collection. It covers socio-demographic information, a history of previous exposure to, and the reasons for needle stick injuries. Quantitative variables were summarized with means and standard deviations; descriptive statistics for categorical variables included frequencies and percentages. P ? 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Most healthcare workers (85%) were previously exposed to needle sticks. Job category was significantly associated with a history of needle stick exposure (p < 0.001). The anesthetics represent the highest job class exposed to needle sticks (100%). More than one-fifth of participants (21.85%) reported recapping needles followed by bending needles in 16.84% of them as a cause of needle stick injuries. Conclusion: Most healthcare workers are exposed to needle stick injuries; job category is an important risk factor.

Abstract Objective The persistent symptoms arising from COVID-19 infection pose a substantial threat to patients’ health, carrying significant implications. Amidst the evolving COVID-19 control strategies in China, healthcare workers (HCWs) endure considerable stress. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of long COVID infections and their influencing factors among primary HCWs after epidemic control policy adjustment in Jiangsu. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was administered through on-site surveys among primary HCWs in five counties and districts within Jiangsu Province from July 4 to July 20, 2023. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with long COVID. Results The prevalence of long COVID among primary HCWs stood at 12.61%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 11.67-13.55%. Among those affected, the most common long COVID symptoms were hypomnesia (4.90%, 95%CI: 4.29-5.51%), sleep difficulties (2.73%, 95%CI: 2.27-3.19%), fatigue (2.35%, 95%CI: 1.92-2.78%), disturbances in the reproductive system (1.93%, 95%CI: 1.54-2.32%), hair loss (1.85%, 95%CI: 1.47-2.23%), and myalgia/arthralgia (1.51%, 95%CI: 1.16-1.86%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that older age groups (30–45 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.44–2.58), 45–60 years (aOR = 2.82, 95%CI: 2.07–3.84)), females (aOR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.03–1.55), and higher work stress (high stress (aOR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.24–1.86), extremely high stress (aOR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.03–1.82)) were more prone to long COVID. Conversely, individuals with educational attainment below the bachelor’s degree (aOR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.55–0.82) and those who received four or more doses of the COVID-19 vaccine (aOR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.33–0.92) were at a reduced risk. Conclusion This study investigates the prevalence of long COVID among primary HCWs and identifies key influencing factors. These findings are crucial for assisting in the early identification of COVID-19 patients at risk for long-term complications, developing targeted interventions aimed at optimizing healthcare resource allocation and enhancing the work conditions and quality of life of HCWs. To mitigate the prevalence of long COVID, healthcare providers and local authorities should implement effective measures, such as optimizing work-rest schedules and actively advocating for vaccination.

Abstract Background Hospitals should prepare for emerging diseases and protect healthcare workers (HCWs) from work-related infection. This study aims to assess public hospital preparedness for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a year after the Myanmar government began implementing COVID-19 prevention measures, and to identify factors associated with work-related COVID-19 infection among HCWs in Myanmar. Methods In January 2021, data were collected from 101 hospitals and 706 HCWs who had COVID-19 in Myanmar in 2020. Data from the hospitals included basic information, the status of infection prevention and control (IPC), the preparedness for COVID-19 (guidelines, checklists, fever screening, patient pathway, and training), handwashing facilities, and availability of personal protective equipment (PPE). Data of COVID-19 infected HCWs included age, occupation, workplace, severity and source of COVID-19 infection, knowledge and practice of handwashing, and working environment. Chi-square test was performed to compare the preparedness for COVID-19 among three hospital levels (primary, secondary and tertiary levels). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associated factors of work-related infection of HCWs. Results The total number of beds, HCWs, and COVID-19 patients in 2020 at the 101 hospitals was 12,888, 14,421, and 19,835, respectively. The availability of PPE was high in hospitals at all levels. Approximately 80% of hospitals had functional status of IPC, set up fever screening and patient pathway, and provided training on IPC and COVID-19. However, only 39.6% of hospitals had developed COVID-19 guidelines and 55.4% had developed checklists. The percentage of hospitals that prepared each measurement was lowest at the primary level. The factors associated with work-related COVID-19 among HCWs were being 30–39 years old, working as a doctor, working at isolation wards, having disinfection technique training, and having enough PPE at the workplace. Conclusion The preparedness for COVID-19 at public hospitals in Myanmar in January 2021 was insufficient, especially in the availability of the guidelines and checklists and at primary hospitals. A support system for hospital pandemic preparedness and monitoring of IPC implementation is needed. The government should prepare for emerging diseases and provide appropriate and adequate PPE and additional training to all HCWs, especially HCWs who work for isolation wards.

Abstract Background Gram-negative bacteria resistant to carbapenems are also known as critical antimicrobial resistant organisms. Their emergence at Colonial War Memorial Hospital (CWMH), the largest hospital in Fiji, is a major clinical concern. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and readiness of healthcare workers (HCW) at CWMH regarding management of patients with infections caused by critical antimicrobial resistant organisms. Methods A questionnaire was designed using a Likert scale to assess knowledge, attitudes, and readiness. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted, before and after the implementation of targeted educational activities which were informed by the pre-intervention study findings. Results A total of 393 and 420 HCW participated in the pre- and post-intervention studies, respectively. The majority of respondents were female (77.3%) and 18–34 years of age (67%). HCW professional roles included nurses (56.3%), doctors (31.6%), and laboratory personnel (12.2%). In the post-intervention study, significantly more HCW reported having received infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial resistance education and training (26.8% in pre to 45.5% in post intervention, p 85% to ≥ 95%) were aware of how AMR organisms spread in healthcare settings and knew the IPC measures to prevent transmission of AMR infections including hand hygiene, standard and transmission-based precautions. Attitudes towards AMR were positive, with 84.2% pre intervention and 84.8% of HCW post intervention expressing their willingness to change their work environment to assist with AMR prevention. Perceived readiness to address the problem showed mixed results. Improvements in laboratory AMR surveillance data availability were noted (29.4–52.4%, p

The increased proportion of women in the workplace and the labor force aging have been demanding investigations of the link between menopause and occupational health issues, especially in healthcare settings. Evidence on the association between menopause and occupational burnout in healthcare settings is still inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between menopause and burnout among clinical and non-clinical workers in different occupational health environments. A multi-center, cross-sectional study, applying the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBI) was conducted from September 2021 to March 2023 in University Medical Center (UMC) hospitals in Astana, Kazakhstan. The study involved 125 physicians and nurses and 82 non-clinical administrative and service staff. We found that 63.9% of respondents had disengagement and 61.7% had exhaustion. The affiliated clinical setting was associated with disengagement (p = 0.034), with the highest prevalence among employees in surgical departments (76.9%), while a higher prevalence of exhaustion was found in individuals with different work experience (p = 0.023) and among those who were dissatisfied with their work environment (74.3%). While burnout was identified in almost two-thirds of respondents, the self-reported menopause status of participants was not significantly related to either disengagement (p = 0.34) or exhaustion (p = 0.73), even though a higher prevalence of both was revealed among the postmenopausal group. We propose that healthcare management should understand the importance of burnout among postmenopausal healthcare workers and facilitate open communication and a supportive work environment.

This study sought to determine the perception of healthcare workers (HCWs) about pre-hospital airway management and their experiences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers at the emergency department of King Fahad Medical City in the capital of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh City. This study targeted physicians, nurses, paramedics, and respiratory therapists. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, training, and experiences in airway management and a 5-item questionnaire to measure the perception of HCWs about airway management. Results: Of the 100 HCWs, 39% were doctors, and 37% were nurses. Approximately 23% had a poor experience with intubation. Traumatic injuries were the major difficulties involving airway management (44%). The overall perception of HCWs about prehospital airway management was good (68%), 31% were moderate, and only 1% were considered poor perception levels. No significant differences were observed between perception scores in relation to the demographic characteristics and experiences of HCWs in airway management (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Despite HCWs' good perception of prehospital airway management, some gaps have been identified mainly through intubation skills and experiences. This study provided evidence that perception towards prehospital airway management was not affected by profession, years of experience, regular practice of intubation, and airway management. Regular training should be implemented, with equipment and resources should be available to improve airway management and patient quality of care. [SJEMed 2024; 5(2.000): 128-133]

To investigate the impact of public health emergencies on the prevalence of suicidal ideation among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among HCWs and medical students was searched for analysis. The platforms included PubMed, medRVix, bioRvix, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. Interrupted time-series analysis was employed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the prevalence and trends of suicidal ideation. To account for autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity, Newey-West standard errors were utilized with a lag of order one. Seventy studies with 145,641 HCWs and medical students from 30 countries were included in the final analysis, with 30 studies before COVID-19 and 40 studies during the pandemic. Before the pandemic outbreak (April 2020), the monthly increasing rate was 0.063 % (95 % CI: −0.009 %, 0.135 %, z = 1.73, P = 0.084). The tendency of suicidal ideation prevalence increased by 1.116 % (95%CI: 0.888 %, 1.344 %, z = 9.60, P < 0.001). In other words, the calculated monthly growth rate of suicidal ideation after the pandemic outbreak is 1.179 % (95%CI: 0.968 %, 1.391 %, z = 10.93, P < 0.001) per month. The overall growing trend of prevalence of suicidal ideation during the pandemic is 1.896 % per month in America; 1.590 % in Europe; 0.443 % (95%CI: 0.213 %, 0.673 %, z = 3.77, P < 0.001) in Asia; 1.055 % in HCWs; and 0.645 % in medical students. This study highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic can significantly impact the prevalence of suicidal ideation among HCWs and medical students, and the prevalence showed an upward trend. • Suicidal ideation is a common psychological problem in HCWs and medical students. • The prevalence of suicidal ideation of HCWs and medical students showed an upward trend. • An increasing trend of suicidal ideation was associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. • The paper speculated that public health emergencies can affect the suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural rubber latex (NRL) and chlorhexidine are important causes of occupational allergy in healthcare settings. A significant reduction in NRL allergy has been reported in countries that have adopted latex-avoidance measures. However, healthcare workers (HCWs) in many developing countries continue to use powdered NRL gloves, increasing their risk of developing an allergy to NRL. Chlorhexidine is commonly used for hand hygiene and disinfecting patients' surfaces or wounds in emergency centres. However, only a few cases of occupational allergy to chlorhexidine have been reported among HCWs. Both NRL and chlorhexidine can induce IgE-mediated allergic reactions and irritant contact dermatitis. Unlike NRL, chlorhexidine can cause cell-mediated hypersensitivity. Allergic contact dermatitis resulting from wearing NRL gloves is due to rubber additives and not NRL allergens. Testing for allergic sensitisation is a crucial step in the clinical evaluation of these allergies. Avoiding exposure to the source of the problem remains the most effective method of managing these allergies. Powdered NRL gloves should be replaced with powder-free, low-protein or low-allergen NRL gloves or non-NRL alternatives. For chlorhexidine allergy, alternative products should be made available to sensitised HCWs. Adequate information about these allergies should be provided to all HCWs. In addition, the lowest effective concentration of chlorhexidine should be used and all chlorhexidine-containing products should be clearly labelled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacground: Impaired venous return is observed in healthcare professionals who spend long periods standing and sitting. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate varicose vein-related risk factors, exercise health beliefs, and venous refill time in healthcare professionals working in operating rooms and outpatient clinics by photoplethysmography. Method: The study sample consisted of 100 healthcare professionals without a diagnosis of peripheral venous insufficiency. Data were collected using a descriptive characteristics form, the Health Belief Model Scale for Exercise, the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and photoplethysmography. Result: This study found that OR nurses had shorter venous refill times and experienced more pain due to prolonged standing, despite their high health beliefs about exercise. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals working in operating rooms should be screened for venous insufficiency and trained regarding the practices to prevent venous insufficiency, such as lying down, elevating legs, and using elastic stockings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 global pandemic was a profoundly traumatic experience, in which healthcare workers were stressed, anxious, and overwhelmed as they laboured amidst chaos, upheaval, and mounting death. During such challenging and uncertain times, it is imperative to prioritise self-care in order to maintain mental and emotional wellbeing. Aims: This study explored the impact of an art-based self-care practice on the resilience of a healthcare worker during a 14-day quarantine on a trip to South Korea during COVID-19. Methods: Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was employed to analyze written reflections of artwork created during my quarantine. I employed a grounding art therapy directive consisting of six steps: find a comfortable position, identify my feelings, allow thoughts or images to arise, create and respond to the images, engage in art dialogue with the artwork, and give a name to the whole process. Results: Three phases emerged reflecting a journey in which states of powerlessness and confusion gave way to a release of frozen feelings and a renewal of body awareness. Elaborated healing images then emerged representing a return of hope, spirituality, growth, and a longing to reconnect with others. Conclusions: Amidst such a chaotic overwhelming traumatic experience art-based self-care practices can be a way to regain a sense of control and self-efficacy. Implications for practice/policy/future research: Art-based self-care practices can be valuable for healthcare workers during times of crisis and stress. Including semi-structured interviews inquiring into the experiences of a larger number of participants and controlled experimental designs would help validate these findings. Plain-language summary: The COVID-19 global pandemic was a profoundly traumatic experience, affecting individuals worldwide and causing acute anxiety, stress, and sense of overwhelm. Healthcare workers, in particular, were stressed and exhausted due to work overload. During such challenging times, it is imperative to prioritise self-care to increase resilience. I had been working as art therapist in a psychiatric unit of a hospital for 9 months when I had to return to my birthplace of South Korea to attend to a family matter. Facing a 14-day quarantine, I decided to practice art-based self-care as a way to soothe and attend to my anxious emotional state. I wanted to understand the benefits of art-based self-care on resilience in healthcare workers. The directive consisted of six steps: find a comfortable position, identify my feelings, allow thoughts or images to arise, create and respond to the images, allow verbal responses to the images, and give a name to the whole process. I examined the written reflections of the artwork I created during daily self-care practice. The results reflect a journey, in which a state of fragmentation and exhaustion gave way under the exploration of my complex inner state, releasing diverse emotions, and leading to bodily awareness and emotional restoration. I rediscovered a sense of hope and a spiritual inclination to reconnect with others. Art-based self-care helped facilitate reconnection with myself, my needs, my body, and others, which in turn enabled me to prioritise self-care during the stresses of COVID-19. Policymakers and healthcare organisations should consider incorporating art-based self-care programmes for healthcare workers to support their resilience and emotional wellbeing. Future researchers should consider interviewing a larger number of healthcare workers who follow the grounding art-therapy directive I used. Stronger research designs could be used to further support my findings and inform future interventions for healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections, despite vaccination, can be clinically consequential for frail nursing home residents (NHR). Poor vaccine-induced antibody quality may add risk for such subsequent infections and more severe disease. We assessed antibody binding avidity, as a surrogate for antibody quality, among NHR and healthcare workers (HCW). We longitudinally sampled 112 NHR and 52 HCWs who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine after each dose up to the Wuhan-BA.4/5-based Omicron bivalent boosters. We quantified anti-spike, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD), and avidity levels to the ancestral Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 & 4/5 strains. The primary vaccination series produced substantial anti-spike and RBD levels which were low in avidity against all strains tested. Antibody avidity progressively increased in the 6–8 months that followed. Avidity significantly increased after the 1st booster but not for subsequent boosters. This study underscores the importance of booster vaccination among NHR and HCWs. The 1st booster dose increases avidity, increasing vaccine-induced functional antibody. The higher cross-reactivity of higher avidity antibodies to other SARS-CoV-2 strains should translate to better protection from ever-evolving strains. Higher avidities may help explain how the vaccine's protective effects persist despite waning antibody titers after each vaccine dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Hospital infections with SARS-CoV-2 continued during the initial waves of the pandemic worldwide. So far, Data on the dynamics of these infections and the economic burden of outbreaks are rare. Methods We retrospectively analysed SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients, hospital employees and nosocomial infections resulting in outbreaks in two hospitals of a secondary care hospital network in Germany during the initial 3 pandemic waves (03/2020–06/2021). In addition to hospital infections, we evaluated infection prevention strategies and the economic burden of hospital outbreaks. Results A total of 396 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized in both hospitals. The risk factors for severe disease and death increased with age, male sex and a CRB-65 score > 0. The most frequent symptom was dyspnoea (30.1%). Sixty-five patients died, most of whom were in the 2nd wave. A total of 182 (12.5%) hospital employees were infected, 63 (34.6%) of whom were involved in outbreaks. An occupational risk of infection during outbreaks was particularly common among nurses and HCWs working on regular wards. Eleven hospital outbreaks led to high economic impact on both hospitals through the loss of manpower as result of infected employees, temporary locked wards, blocked beds, a reduced number of total hospitalized patients and increased personnel costs. Conclusion Continuously adaptation of infection prevention strategies is a valuable tool to keep hospitals safe places for patients and employees. We do need more analyses of the different pandemic waves and applied infection prevention strategies to learn from weak points. Trial registration This research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and national standards. The study protocol was approved by the relevant ethics committee of the Chamber of Physicians Westphalia-Lippe and University of Münster (no. 2021–475-f-S). The study was registered on 25th August 2021 at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00025865).

Abstract Background China has made remarkable achievements in tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control, but it still takes long way to achieve the End TB goal especially in underdeveloped Southwest China. TB healthcare workers (HCWs) are core forces in TB prevention and control but often face job burnout. This study aimed to explore the burden and associated factors of job burnout among TB HCWs in Southwest China. Methods This cross-sectional study used both survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, to assess job burnout among TB HCWs based on Malasch Model and explore the associated factors based on Herzberg’s two-factor theory (different hygiene and motivation factors). Quantitative data analysis adopts multiple linear regression to in SPSS 22.0, and qualitative data were analyzed through a framework approach. Results A total of 1140 TB HCWs were included in questionnaire surveys. The overall job burnout rates of TB HCWs in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), designated hospitals and Primary Health Care (PHC) sectors were 55%, 70.1% and 67.5%, respectively. TB HCWs in CDC who scored lower in interpersonal factors had a higher risk of depersonalization (DP) [B(95%CI): -0.89 (-1.71 to -0.80)]. TB HCWs in designated hospitals who scored lower in doctor-patient relationship factors [B (95%CI): 6.63 (-12.06 to -1.20)] were more likely to have emotional exhaustion (EE). TB HCWs who were less satisfied with training, supervision and assessment in PHC sectors [B(95%CI): 0.65 (0.03 to 1.26)] had less personal accomplishment (PA). Interviews with nine TB HCWs showed that poor environment could lead to high infection and heavy workload could lead to work pressure among TB HCWs in Chongqing. It is also found that performance assessment and management of TB HCWs, communication and cooperation and so on are related to job burnout. Conclusions TB HCWs had different levels of job burnout in CDC, designated hospitals, and PHC sectors of Chongqing, which were affected by different hygiene and motivation factors. Governments, organizations and individuals should take cooperative measures such as strengthening communication to deal with job burnout among TB HCWs.

Abstract Healthcare-associated infections present a challenge to healthcare systems, particularly critical care units. Hand hygiene emerges as a crucial element in infection control, acting as a vital link between healthcare workers, patients, and pathogens. Positive attitudes, motivated by a genuine concern for patient safety, are recognized as major predictors of hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers. This study aims to assess the attitudes of ICU staff toward hand hygiene and identify factors that influence these attitudes. A cross-sectional survey of intensive care unit staff in seven large Saudi hospitals was conducted using an anonymous, self-reporting questionnaire to examine the attitudes of ICU personnel about hand hygiene and determine the factors that impact these attitudes. A regression analysis was used to determine the determinants of hand hygiene attitudes. Of the 600 respondents, 93% rated their hand hygiene knowledge as good, and 71% received hand hygiene training from their hospital. Most respondents (78%) had previously experienced healthcare-associated infections. The majority reported a favorable overall attitude toward hand hygiene (M = 4.15, SD = 0.85). Attitudes toward hand hygiene were significantly associated with perceived knowledge (β = 0.32, p

Abstract Background Practicing hand hygiene is a cost-effective method to decrease the occurrence of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). However, despite their simplicity, adhering to hand hygiene methods among healthcare workers (HCWs) can be highly challenging. We aim to examine the factors influencing hand hygiene compliance as perceived by HCWs working in the intensive care units (ICUs) at several major hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method This qualitative study was conducted by adopting a content analysis to examine the interviews of HCWs who are currently working in the ICUs of various major hospitals located in the capital city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results We interviewed 49 HCWs working in ICUs, with an average age of 38 and 8 years of experience. The HCWs comprised doctors (n = 12), anesthesiologists (n = 6), and nurses (n = 31). There were 34 females and 15 males among the participants. Our analysis revealed several factors that impact hand hygiene compliance, including individual, work/environment, team, task, patient, organizational, and management concerns. Several obstacles and possibilities for enhancement have been identified. Conclusion The results of this study would enhance our comprehension of hand hygiene practices and serve as a foundation for creating future strategies and assessment methods to enhance compliance with hand hygiene protocols in ICUs.

Health-care workers are on the front line of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this occupational group, infection is of great concern due to the risk of nosocomial spread of the disease and significant reduction in the number of employees, it also endanger patient safety and compromise the capacities of health care workers. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare workers of university hospital of Farhat Hached Sousse who were affected by COVID 19 during September 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. Data collection was carried out using an anonymous questionnaire about socio-professional and medical characteristics. Severity level of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was assessed according to the criteria of the National Authority for Health Assessment and Accreditation guideline (INEAS). Of the 555 healthcare workers with COVID-19, 477 participated. The factors associated with residual symptoms of COVID- 19 were: age (p=0.002), female gender (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.015), cardiovascular (p=0.001), endocrine (p=0.002) comorbidities, obesity (p=0.004), work position (p=10-3), professional work seniority (p=0.022), duration of confinement (p=10-3) and hospitalization (p=0.037).The use of antibiotics(p=10-3), anticoagulants (p=0.010) and corticosteroids (p=0.004) were significantly associated with the persistence of symptoms. After binary logistic regression, the factors associated with persistent symptoms were female gender, para-medical category, antibiotic and corticosteroid use. Long-term follow-up of HCWs with COVID-19 is recommended to understand and treat persistent symptoms after recovery. Protective equipment should be provided as well as vaccination for prevention and management.

Objective: This cross-sectional-survey-based study aimed to investigate the severity of side-effects from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mRNA (Pfizer, Moderna), viral vector DNA (Oxford-AstraZeneca, J&J/Janssen), inactivated virus (Sinopharm, Sinovac), and other vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia, focusing on their impact on work attendance. Methods: A total of 894 HCWs residing in Saudi Arabia participated in this study from March 2023 to May 2023. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing demographic information, vaccination status, comorbidities, vaccine side-effects, and missed work information after vaccination. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: The majority of participants were female (83.7%) and aged 25–34 years (42.8%). Most participants were predominantly vaccinated with mRNA vaccines. Common side-effects included pain at the injection site, fatigue, fever, and chills. However, no significant association was found between vaccine type, side-effects, and work absenteeism. While demographic factors such as age and healthcare profession did not influence work absenteeism, variations were observed among different racial groups. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination among HCWs in Saudi Arabia is associated with common side-effects, but their impact on work attendance is not significant. Understanding these implications can inform strategies to support the healthcare workforce and mitigate the impact on patient care and staffing during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This article aims to develop a mechanism for the legal regulation of the labor of healthcare workers in Kazakhstan based on comprehensive scientific issues analysis of ensuring the effectiveness of the legal regulation of employment relations, including by studying foreign experience in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Methods: Medical and pharmaceutical workers’ work regulations were analyzed to identify problems associated with personnel imbalance in Kazakhstan’s healthcare industry. The qualitative content analysis and the dialectical method of cognition formed the methodological basis of the study. Regulatory legal acts governing the issues of healthcare workers’ labor systems were units of analysis. Findings: The authors discovered certain flaws of legislative acts and their implementation about healthcare workers’ work. Improvement methods are proposed. Novelty:Theoretical novelty is represented by a topical approach of comprehensive analysis of the national labor legislation. Practical novelty includes proposals for the current employment legislation of Kazakhstan (unified regulation of working hours, unified regulation of employment contracts, upgrading remuneration system), including a new law draft, “Status of Medical and Pharmaceutical Workers”. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-04-014 Full Text: PDF

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of mind–body practices (MBPs) and multiple psychological methods, and identify the optimal method for relieving work-related stress among healthcare workers (HCWs) by network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods We applied six electronic databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify relevant RCTs from inception to September 16, 2023, and implemented a search strategy based on the PICOS principles. Data selection, extraction, and analysis of bias were carried out independently and in duplicate by separate researchers. State 16.0 was used to conduct NMA for comparing the effectiveness of various therapies. Results We identified 23 studies including MBPs and three different psychological therapies, namely mindfulness-related therapy (MRT), psychoeducational therapy (PT), and comprehensive therapy (CT), which were divided into eleven specific techniques, namely yoga, meditation techniques (MT), Qigong, muscle relaxation(MR), biofeedback therapy (BT), mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), modified mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR-M), mindfulness-based interventions combined with others (MBIs-C), mindfulness-based awareness(MBA), PT and CT. Our NMA results of MBPs and three psychological therapies showed MBPs (SMD = -0.90, CrI:-1.26, -0.05, SUCRA = 99%) were effective for occupational stress in HCWs, followed by MRT(SMD = -0.48, CrI:-0.87, -0.08, SUCRA = 66.5%). NMA results of eleven specific techniques showed yoga (SMD = 1.36, CrI:0.91, 1.81, SUCRA = 97.5%) was the most effective technique in relieving the stress of HCWs, followed by MR (SMD = 1.36, CrI:0.91, 1.81, SUCRA = 87.3%). Conclusions Our study suggested MBPs may be the most effective intervention to improve the occupational stress of HCWs. Furthermore, yoga is likely to be the most optimal of MBPs. Hospital managers should attach importance to yoga in addressing occupational stress among medical workers.

Abstract Background Psychological resilience facilitates adaptation in stressful environments and is an important personal characteristic that enables workers to navigate occupational challenges. Few studies have evaluated the factors associated with psychological resilience in healthcare workers. Objectives To determine the prevalence and factors associated with psychological resilience in a group of South African medical doctors and ambulance personnel. Materials and methods This analytical cross-sectional study used secondary data obtained from two studies conducted among healthcare workers in 2019 and 2022. Self-reported factors associated with resilience, as measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10), were evaluated. R statistical software was used for analysing the data and performing statistical tests. Results A total of 647 healthcare workers were included in the study, of which 259 were doctors and 388 were ambulance personnel. Resilience scores were low overall (27.6 ± 6.6) but higher for ambulance personnel (28.0 ± 6.9) than for doctors (27.1 ± 6.0) (p = 0.006). Female gender (OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.03–3.72, p = 0.043), job category (OR 6.94 95%CI 1.22–60.50, p = 0.044) and overtime work (OR 13.88, 95%CI 1.61–368.00, p = 0.044) significantly increased the odds of low resilience for doctors. Conversely, salary (OR 0.13, 95%CI 0.02–0.64, p = 0.024) and current smoking status (OR 0.16, 95%CI 0.02–0.66, p = 0.027) significantly reduced the odds of low resilience amongst doctors. In addition, only previous alcohol use significantly reduced the odds of low resilience for ambulance personnel (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.20–0.94, p = 0.038) and overall sample (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.29–0.91, p = 0.024). Conclusions Resilience was relatively low in this group of South African healthcare workers. The strong association between low resilience and individual and workplace factors provides avenues for early intervention and building resilience among healthcare workers.

Abstract Background In Myanmar, ongoing conflict since the 2021 military coup d’etat has been characterized by targeted violence against health workers (HWs), particularly those participating in the pro-democracy movement. Existing knowledge about the challenges faced by health workers in Myanmar is scant, including their perspectives on mitigating their suffering and the broader impact on community health. This knowledge gap prompted our study to assess the extent of the violence, its impact on the workers and the community, and identify resource priorities. Methods This qualitative study employed purposive and snowball sampling to recruit health workers affiliated with the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM). We interviewed 24 HWs in Myanmar between July and December 2022, predominantly physicians and nurses. We used a semi-structured interview guide and conducted interviews remotely due to the security situation. We adopted content analysis to understand participation in the CDM movement, experiences of violence, personal and professional impacts, the sequelae to community health, how HWs responded as well as their ongoing needs. Results Thematic content analysis revealed that violence was both individually targeted and widespread. Health workers faced professional, financial, and personal impacts as a result. The health system as a whole has been severely diminished. Health workers have had to adapt to continue to provide care, for example some fled to rural areas and worked clandestinely, exchanging their services for food and shelter. In those settings, they continued to face insecurity from airstrikes and arrests. Health workers have also experienced moral distress and burden due to their resistance and protest against the regime. Conclusion The coup and ensuing violence severely disrupted the healthcare system, resulting in shortages of supplies, reduced quality of care, and exacerbated challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite facing significant hardships, HWs remained resilient, engaging in resistance efforts within the CDM and seeking support from local communities and international organizations. They expressed a need for increased awareness, financial assistance, and concrete support for the health system to address the crisis.

Abstract In addition to having some of the worst health outcomes in the region, Haiti faces a political and economic crisis. The most recent humanitarian crisis includes an increase in homicides and kidnappings in the capital Port-au-Prince. This study is a cross-sectional, mixed methods online survey of health workers and medical students in Port-au-Prince from May 20 – September 15, 2023. It provides evidence of the kidnapping risk healthcare workers face and shares the perspective of a medical community operating in a challenging context to provide a continuity of care under the threat of violence. The survey of Haitian health workers and students show a significant risk of kidnapping with 44% of respondents reporting that they had a colleague kidnapped in the previous 2 years. 5 of the 249 respondents had been kidnapped and all were young, female health workers. 74% of health workers and students surveyed reported they plan to continue their profession abroad. Although teletraining was viewed as a positive opportunity to continue training cadres of medical professionals, health workers shared numerous limitations present for the expansion of telemedicine in the Haitian context. In addition to describing the experience of the Haitian healthcare professional during this crisis and documenting barriers to teletraining and telemedicine, this survey documents design considerations for mobile phone surveys with healthcare providers working in areas affected by conflict.

Abstract Background Children’s health is a global public health priority and a determinant of development and sustainability. Its effective delivery and further improvements require constant and dedicated research on children, especially by child healthcare workers (HCWs). Studies have shown a high involvement of child HCWs from developed countries in child health research, with an under-representation from the global south in authorship and leadership in international collaborations. To our knowledge, there is very little literature on challenges faced by child HCWs in Malawi in conducting child health research. We sought to explore the lived experiences of child HCWs at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Malawi by examining their perceptions of child health research and assessing the availability of child health research opportunities. Methods From July 2023 to August 2023, we conducted five key informant interviews with purposively sampled policymakers and 20 in-depth interviews with child HCWs at KCH. The interviews were conducted in English, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. We utilised interpretative phenomenological analysis by reviewing initial transcripts for familiarity, generating codes manually, and refining them into broader themes through comparisons and iterative processes. Results The analysis revealed three main themes on perceptions of child HCWs at KCH in child health research. These are (i) perceived motivation and challenges for engaging in child health research, (ii) perceptions of resource availability and research opportunities at KCH, and (iii) perceptions of gaps in research training and participation among child HCWs. Conclusions Our study has uncovered critical factors influencing the low participation of child HCWs in child health research at KCH. Lack of collaboration, limited financial opportunities, and non-research-based training were the key barriers to participation in child health research among child HCWs at KCH. We advocate for the inclusion of child HCWs at all stages of collaborative health research, transparency on funding opportunities for child health research, and inclusion of research in the training of HCWs. These initiatives can strengthen the participation of child HCWs in child health research and ultimately enhance child health outcomes in Malawi.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic deeply affected healthcare workers, although the impact may have differed according to different workplace contexts. The aim of this current research was to compare the psychopathology presented by hospital versus nursing home healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyse the predictive role of purpose in life and moral courage in the appearance of psychopathology. This was an observational, cross-sectional study carried out on a sample of 108 healthcare workers, 54 each from a hospital or nursing homes, who were recruited during the 5 and 6th waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Various self-reported scales were used to assess anxiety, depression, acute/post-traumatic stress disorder, drug and alcohol abuse, burnout, purpose in life, and moral courage. Compared to the hospital healthcare workers, nursing home healthcare workers had higher scores and a higher prevalence of anxiety (74.1% vs. 42%), depression (40.7% vs. 14.8%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (55.6% vs. 25.9). In the overall sample, purpose in life was a protective factor against psychopathology (OR = 0.54) and burnout (OR = 0.48); moral courage was a protective factor against depression (OR = 0.47) and acute stress (OR = 0.45); and exposure of family/friends to SARS-CoV-2 was a risk factor for acute stress (OR = 2.24), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR = 1.33), and higher burnout depersonalisation subscale scores (OR = 1.84). In conclusion, the increased presence of psychopathology in nursing home healthcare workers may be influenced by workplace and occupational contexts, personal factors such as exposure of family/friends to SARS-CoV-2, or internal dimensions such as purpose in life and moral courage. This knowledge could be useful for understanding how a future epidemic or pandemic might affect the mental health of healthcare workers in different labour contexts.

Abstract Background Fatigue is one of the most common neurological symptoms reported post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. In order to establish effective early intervention strategies, more emphasis should be placed on the correlation between fatigue and cortical neurophysiological changes, especially in healthcare workers, who are at a heightened risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 29 COVID-19 medical workers and 24 healthy controls. The assessment included fatigue, sleep and health quality, psychological status, and physical capacity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to detect activation of brain regions. Bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitabilities were measured using single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Outcomes were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months into the disease course. Results At 1-month post-COVID-19 infection, 37.9% of patients experienced severe fatigue symptoms, dropping to 10.3% at 3 months. Interestingly, the remarkable decreased activation/excitability of bilateral prefrontal lobe (PFC) and M1 were closely linked to fatigue symptoms after COVID-19. Notably, greater increase in M1 region excitability correlated with more significant fatigue improvement. Re-infected patients exhibited lower levels of brain activation and excitability compared to single-infection patients. Conclusions Both single infection and reinfection of COVID-19 lead to decreased activation and excitability of the PFC and M1. The degree of excitability improvement in the M1 region correlates with a greater recovery in fatigue. Based on these findings, targeted interventions to enhance and regulate the excitability of M1 may represent a novel strategy for COVID-19 early rehabilitation. Trial registration: The Ethics Review Committee of Xijing Hospital, No. KY20232051-F-1; www.chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR2300068444.

Abstract Background Digital health technologies such as sensor systems are intended to support healthcare staff in providing adequate patient care. In the Department of Palliative Medicine (University Medical Center Freiburg), we developed and implemented a noninvasive, bed-based sensor system in a pilot study. The aim was to detect distress in patients who were no longer able to express themselves by monitoring heart and respiratory rates, vocalizations, and movement measurements. The sensor system was intended to supplement standard care, which generally cannot guarantee constant monitoring. As there is a lack of data on how healthcare professionals experience such a techno-digital innovation, the aim of this study was to explore how the multiprofessional palliative care team who piloted the sensor system perceived its potential benefits and limitations, and how they experienced the broader context of healthcare technology and research in palliative care. Methods We conducted a qualitative interview study with 20 members of the palliative care team and analyzed the recorded, verbatim transcribed interviews using qualitative content analysis. Results The sensor system was described as easy to use and as helpful support for patients, care staff, and relatives, especially against the backdrop of demographic change. However, it could not replace human interpretation of stress and subsequent treatment decisions: this remained the expertise of the nursing staff. A potential reduction in personnel was expected to be a risk of a digital monitoring system. The special conditions of research and digital health technologies in an end-of-life context also became clear. Specifically, healthcare staff were open to health technologies if they benefited the patient and were compatible with professional nursing and/or palliative care attitudes. Additionally, a patient-protective attitude and possible interprofessional differences in priorities and the resulting challenges for the team became apparent. Conclusions A potential digital solution for distress monitoring was considered useful by palliative care practitioners. However, interprofessional differences and compatibility with existing palliative care practices need to be considered before implementing such a system. To increase user acceptability, the perspectives of healthcare professionals should be included in the implementation of technological innovations in palliative care.

Abstract Background The underlying mechanisms of post-COVID syndrome (PCS) are still not fully understood. While pre-existing conditions have been described as a risk factor for severe PCS in the general population, data specific to different occupational groups in this context is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-existing conditions on severe post-COVID syndrome among the occupational group of healthcare and social services employees. Methods Baseline data from a longitudinal, observational study were analysed. In February 2021, health workers who had a COVID-19 infection in 2020 were surveyed about sequelae of the infection. Factors influencing severe PCS with at least one persistent symptom categorised as severe were subjected to a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Of a total of 2,053 participants, 21.5% had severe PCS. Underlying respiratory (OR 1.94; CI 1.44–2.61), cardiovascular (OR 1.35; CI 1.04–1.77) and urogenital (OR 1.79; CI 1.10–2.91) disease were risk factors for severe PCS overall. Respiratory and mental illnesses had a statistically significant impact on persistent fatigue/exhaustion, concentration/memory difficulties and shortness of breath categorised as severe. Urogenital disease was associated with severe fatigue/exhaustion. Other significant risk factors for severe PCS were female sex, smoking, physical exercise and hospitalisation due to COVID-19 infection. Conclusion Workers in healthcare and social services with pre-existing conditions may face a higher risk of developing severe PCS. Additional analyses performed as part of the longitudinal study will show if and how this result changes over time.

Background: The global impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained healthcare workers (HCWs) and services worldwide. As the pandemic evolves, there is a need to assess the patterns, clinical manifestations, and outcomes among HCWs, especially in low-middle income countries where challenges such as inadequate infection prevention and control practices, personal protective equipment, and low diagnostic capacity persist. Objective: To determine the pattern, clinical manifestations, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 infection among HCWs in a specialty unit in Ibadan, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 107 HCWs over 8 weeks during a COVID-19 outbreak among HCWs in a specialty unit in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings were collected using a structured proforma. Severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related coronavirus laboratory tests followed the World Health Organization recommendations, with nasopharyngeal swabs obtained for real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among the HCWs, a 49% COVID-19 positivity rate was found, with cases peaking in the third week. Nurses demonstrated the highest infection rate (36.5%). Fatigue and myalgia were predominant symptoms with 51.9% (P < 0.001) of COVID-19 HCWs reporting both symptoms. Conclusion: The high prevalence of asymptomatic cases highlights the potential role of HCWs as sources of infection for COVID-19, emphasizing the need for stringent infection control measures and continuous support for the well-being of healthcare professionals.

Background: Hematological malignancies, like other cancers, are on the rise. Their treatments have been revolutionized using biological molecules (biologics and biosimilars). These novel agents are used in the care of cancer patients and have significantly improved survival. While biosimilars are widely available, their use is still limited in some low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. Objectives: To determine the knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in Bauchi, Nigeria, before and after a structured training program on the use of biosimilars in hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods: Healthcare workers underwent a week-long training on biosimilars. Knowledge of pre- and post-training was ascertained using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Participant data was summarized as percentages in charts and tables and compared using the Z-test in Microsoft Excel 2016. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: One hundred and sixty one (161) participants attended the training, with females constituting 56.5%. Participants’ knowledge of cancer and hematological malignancies was significantly higher after training (82.1% vs. 61.5%; Z = 4.12, P

Background: Physicians usually have a high responsibility in caring for people. Many times, they encounter work-life imbalances that can impact both their personal health and the quality of medical services they provide. Objective: To evaluate the works and health habits of Thai physicians. Methods: Thai physicians who participated in the hospital’s Corporate Social Responsibility “Save Doctors’ Heart” project, conducted between February 14, 2022 and October 31, 2022, were invited to participate in the study. Data collected was personal data, work habits, including workplace, work hours, and health habits, including fiber in the diet, exercise, sense of well-being, history of health surveillance, and health coverage system. The characteristic features associated with their work and health habits were studied Results: The responses to each question varied among the 1,244 physicians who agreed to join the study. The median age was 45.0 years (IQR 39,56 years). Almost all (98.6%) were still active in medical practice, with >1 workplace in 14.7%. Nearly half (44.5%) worked >40 hours per week. Most reported a moderate to high fiber diet (80.8%), but only 29.7% exercised >3 days per week. Some degree of stress was revealed in 82.1%, being moderate to severe in 25.8%. The younger physicians with less exercise were significantly associated with moderate/severe stress. Only slightly more than half (53.0%) had a good sense of well-being. Nearly 30% had irregular health surveillance. The two most common reasons were unavailability/no time and having no symptoms. Conclusion: Thai participating physicians were still active professionally and had mixed health habits. Most consumed a moderate to high fiber diet and had regular health surveillance; however, with less exercise and some degree of stress. More than half were self-assessed to have a good sense of well-being.

BACKGROUND: In-flight medical emergency (IFE) impose considerable challenges on healthcare workers (HCWs) because of limited resources, constrained environment, and medico-legal issues. This study assessed HCWs knowledge, willingness, and confidence in addressing in-flight medical emergencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 among nurses and physicians working in primary healthcare centers and governmental hospitals in Bahrain. Subjects were selected using stratified random sampling; a self-administered online questionnaire of high reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.914) was used to collect the data. Logistic regression analysis were performed to determine association of knowledge, willingness, and confidence in dealing with in-flight emergencies with various characteristics of HCWs. RESULTS: The study included 805 HCWs with mean age of 35.5 years (SD=9.2). The findings indicated deficiency in training, with

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 led to a global pandemic with a significant impact on healthcare systems. Healthcare workers were particularly vulnerable due to frequent contact with COVID-19 patients. Despite vaccination, they remained at higher risk as the vaccines provided limited protection against infection with viral variants, like Delta or Omicron BA.1 and BA.5. Three years after the onset of the pandemic, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 infection frequencies among healthcare workers with varying levels of patient contact: high-risk (frequent COVID-19 patient contact), intermediate-risk (non-COVID-19 patient contact), and low-risk (no patient contact). We assessed their cellular and humoral immune responses based on their vaccination status and number of prior infections. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured by immunoglobulin ELISA, and neutralizing antibody titers were determined against the viral variants D614G, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5. Cellular immune responses were analyzed using an interferon-γ ELISpot. Notably, three years into the pandemic, healthcare workers in daily contact with COVID-19 patients did not have higher infection rates compared to healthcare workers with non-COVID-19 patient contact or no patient contact. Immune responses were similar across all groups, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination and current hygiene standards in preventing virus transmission from patients to staff.

Background: The knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers towards kidney transplantation are fundamental in the development and sustainability of transplant programs. Healthcare workers caninfluence the willingness to donate kidneys. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Nigerian healthcare workers regarding kidney transplantation. Methods: A prospective study of doctors and nurses at the 43rd Paediatric Association of Nigeria Conference in Ile-Ife, in January 2012 was carried out. Selfadministered questionnaires on the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers towards kidney transplantation were given to participants practising in Nigeria to complete. Results: The questionnaire completion rate was 93.6% (n = 217). Majority (45.2%) of the respondents were aged 35 – 44 years; 59.0% had been in practice for more than 10 years and 83.9% were Christians. On the average, the healthcare workers responded correctly to 63.9% of the questions testing on knowledge and 50.7% were willing to donate kidneys. There was significant relationship between willingness to donate and profession (p = 0.001) but not with age, gender, tribe, religion or duration of practice. Conclusion: Nigerian healthcare workers have good knowledge and favourable attitude towards kidney transplantation. We recommend training of health workers to further improve their knowledge on renal transplantation.