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Effekte von Laientheorien (Fixed vs. Growth Theory) auf das Networking-Verhalten zum Aufbau instrumenteller beruflicher Netzwerke.

Perhaps the one fundamental question of growth theory is why some countries are poor while others are rich. The paper identifies two main lines of research approaching this question, by applying the social analysis of Williamson, and points out that both approaches give an asymmetric answer. The paper applies a critique, which was formulated in the theory of the firm, and compares it with a transaction cost approach. According to this critique, the one approach to economic growth lays too much emphasis on technology, while the other neglects the technological side and emphasizes only the transaction costs and incentives. This paper argues that a new approach, based on the insights of modern Austrian economics, is able to integrate these two sides.

In this paper, we review the literature on declining business dynamism and its implications in the United States and propose a unifying theory to analyze the symptoms and the potential causes of this decline. We first highlight 10 pronounced stylized facts related to declining business dynamism documented in the literature and discuss some of the existing attempts to explain them. We then describe a theoretical framework of endogenous markups, innovation, and competition that can potentially speak to all of these facts jointly. We next explore some theoretical predictions of this framework, which are shaped by two interacting forces: a composition effect that determines the market concentration and an incentive effect that determines how firms respond to a given concentration in the economy. The results highlight that a decline in knowledge diffusion between frontier and laggard firms could be a significant driver of empirical trends observed in the data. This study emphasizes the potential of growth theory for the analysis of factors behind declining business dynamism and the need for further investigation in this direction. (JEL D33, E25, J24, L13, O33, O34)

Innovations often arise when people bridge seemingly disparate areas of knowledge, such as the arts and sciences. What leads people to make connections that others might miss? We examined the role of implicit theories of interest—the belief that interests are relatively fixed (a fixed theory of interest) or developed (a growth theory of interest) among people with established interests either in the area of arts or sciences. A stronger growth theory predicted that participants spontaneously noticed more stimuli from the area outside their interests (Studies 2 and 3) and generated better integrative ideas (Study 1). Furthermore, they were more likely to generate ideas that bridged the arts and sciences (Study 2), which was also found after inducing fixed or growth theories, establishing causality (Study 3). Finally,perceived utility of the outside area mediated this relation (Study 4). These results suggest that a growth theory may be important for integrative thinking and innovation across traditional disciplinary boundaries.

This article develops a model of growth and innovation in which accumulation dynamics of knowledge and R&D are explicitly considered. The model is based on a more general knowledge production process than commonly used in Endogenous Growth Theory and R&D productivity literatures, reconciling as special cases of a broader framework disparate analytical approaches. The model of knowledge dynamics highlights the role of human capital, physical capital, and accumulation in the creation of innovations and establishes the theoretical possibility of long-run idea-driven growth without the razor-edge assumption of Romer (1990) and in the absence of growth in R&D employment stipulated by Jones (1995). This analysis also predicts the structure of estimation biases that can result from omission of relevant factors and failure to take into account the accumulation dynamics of knowledge and R&D. Empirical estimation supports these predictions. Findings provide recommendations for future empirical studies aiming to explain innovation.

Blecker and Setterfield's new textbook from 2019 presents an updated discussion of heterodox models of growth and distribution. This note clarifies and elaborates on three important issues discussed in the book. First, the text presents mainly one-sectoral and one-technique models, which is a reasonable set-up to keep things simple but not always enough to discuss some controversial issues. Second, continuous substitution is important but not essential for neoclassical growth theory. Third, the popular Goodwin model presented in the text does not produce ‘limit cycles.’

The Study examined Port Revenue Performance and Economic Growth: The Nigerian Ports Authority Experience, 2010 to 2019. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of Port Revenue Performance on Nigeria's economic growth by critically evaluating the Nigerian Ports Authority Performance. The neoclassical growth theory was employed in the study and the Nigeria Ports Authority was chosen as its sample, covering the period from 2010 to 2019. The study used secondary time series data sourced from the Nigeria Ports Authority and the National Bureau of Statistics and used the ordinary least square regression and the Engle-Granger co-integration to test the variables at the 5% level of significance. The findings showed that total revenue to gross registered tonnage had positive and significant effect on economic growth while operating surplus to operating revenue showed a negative but significant effect and operating surplus to cargo throughput showed insignificant effect; there was no co-integration between the variables. The study concludes that Port revenue performance affects economic growth in the short-run only, and it recommends amongst others that policy makers should formulate appropriate and implementable regulatory framework that will address infrastructural deficits at the ports and stimulate increased utilization by major foreign vessel companies.

anemon Economic growth is defined as the long-term expansion of an economy's production capacity. Economic growth has been linked to with various factors throughout history. One of these factors is the increase in manufacturing industry production. Kaldor was the first economist to empirically investigate the relationship between industry and economic growth. The first law of Kaldor's growth theory claims that the manufacturing industry is the engine of economic growth. The aim of this paper is to test the validity of the law in Turkey, using annual data for the period 1986-2018. In the study, a time series analysis was carried out by dividing the industry sector into sub-sectors. The findings of the research indicate that there is a positive relationship between manufacturing industrial sector and the economic growth. In this context, it has been determined that an increase by 1% in manufacturing industry production raised the economic growth by 0.62%. Ekonomik büyüme bir ekonominin üretim kapasitesinin uzun dönemli genişlemesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ekonomik büyüme tarih boyunca çeşitli faktörler ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu faktörlerden bir tanesi de imalat sanayi üretimi artışıdır. Kaldor sanayi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkileri ampirik olarak araştıran ilk iktisatçıdır. Kaldor büyüme teorisinin birinci yasası imalat sanayinin ekonomik büyümenin motoru olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Bu yazının amacı, 1986-2018 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanarak, Türkiye'de kanunun geçerliliğini sınamaktır. Çalışmada sanayi sektörü alt sektörlere ayrılarak bir zaman serisi analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, imalat sanayi sektörü ile ekonomik büyüme arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna göre, imalat sanayi üretimi artışı %1 arttığında ekonomik büyüme %0, 62 oranında artmaktadır. 647362

Growth theory argues on the role of heterogeneity that can lead to multiple regimes examining countries’ performance. A metaproduction stochastic function for the Bayesian frontier model is develop...

The present-day standard textbook narrative on the history of growth theory usually takes Robert Solow’s 1956 contribution as a key starting point, which was extended by David Cass and Tjalling Koopmans in 1965 by introducing an intertemporal maximization problem that defines the saving ratio in the economy. However, the road connecting Solow to the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model is not so straightforward. We argue that in order to understand Koopmans’s contribution, we have to go to the activity analysis literature that started before Solow 1956 and never had him as a central reference. We stress the role played by Edmond Malinvaud, with whom Koopmans interacted closely, and take his travel from the French milieu of mathematical economics to the Cowles Commission in 1950-51 and back to France as a guiding line. The rise of turnpike theory in the end of the 1950s generated a debate on the choice criteria of growth programs, opposing the productive efficiency typical of these models to the utilitarian approach supported by Malinvaud and Koopmans. The Vatican Conference of 1963, where Koopmans presented a first version of his 1965 model, was embedded in this debate. We argue that Malinvaud’s (and Koopmans’s) contributions were crucial to steer the activity analysis literature toward a utilitarian analysis of growth paths.

This study investigates the linkages between fiscal deficit and economic growth in Malaysia. Using data from 1980 to 2017, our results indicate: Firstly, there exists a long-run relationship between fiscal deficit and real GDP; secondly, on information flow, the fiscal deficit is found to precede real GDP. Further analysis of the impact of fiscal deficit on real GDP proves that the Keynesian Growth Theory is valid in Malaysia. Specifically, the fiscal deficit has a positive impact on Malaysia’s GDP. Moreover, the fiscal deficit is found to be growth-enhancing during the 1997-98 and 2008-09 economic crisis. Hence, it can be concluded that the fiscal deficit is imperative in helping the Malaysian economy restore itself after an economic crisis. As a policy suggestion, fiscal deficit results from the expansionary fiscal policy should be countercyclical to smoothen the business cycle and subsequently improve Malaysia's macroeconomic performance. Keywords: fiscal deficit, economic growth, countercyclical, business cycle

The purpose of this study is to examine dynamic interactions among economic growth, housing markets, residential distribution and international trade. The paper builds a multi-country growth model with economic geography and capital accumulation. The unique feature of the paper is to introduce economic geography and housing markets into a multi-country growth model with microeconomic foundations. The model is developed by integrating the four well-known key models – the Solow growth model, the Oniki–Uzawa trade model, the Alonso urban model, and the Muth housing model – in growth theory, international growth economics and urban economics within a comprehensive framework. We show that the dynamics of the J -country world economy can be described by J differential equations. We also simulate the global economy with three countries.

Successful development processes involve not only ‘sectorial structural change’, shifts of factors between different productive sectors, but also, ‘institutional structural change’, shifts of factors from unproductive activities (predation) to productive ones. This paper analyzes the feedback process between the sectorial and the institutional structural changes in a model in which the labor share in agriculture is lower than in other sectors. Along the transition sectorial structural change emerges: employment in agriculture declines. Consequently, total labor share increases, raising the reward for working (while discouraging predation) and so, fostering institutional structural change. This, in turn, encourages capital accumulation, promoting sectorial structural change. This feedback mechanism widens differences in productivity and institutions among countries. Whereas zero‐cost policies aimed to build institutions have positive effects, costly policies have uncertain effects due to complex feedback mechanisms.

This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the total factor productivity (TFP) of host countries. Extensions of the new growth theory provide a framework in which FDI increases the growth rate of a host country through technology transfer, diffusion and spillover effects. We construct four new series of TFP using the framework of neoclassical growth models. We also address the issue of endogeneity using the generalized method of moments. Our estimations using a balanced panel of 77 low- and middle-income countries suggest that FDI could not promote TFP in the countries studied. Our sensitivity analysis, in terms of alternative estimation methods, data, models and time period, reinforces the findings. We observe that the lack of absorptive capacity is likely to be an important reason for not having a direct relationship between FDI and TFP. JEL Classification: F21, F23, O33, F43, C33

Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test with dummy variables and the Toda-Yamamoto approach; this paper investigated the relationship between electricity consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Benin for the period of 1980-2014. Confirming the growth theory for Benin, the results show evidence of unidirectional causalities from electricity consumption to both economic development and foreign direct investment and a long run relationship with a speed of adjustment of 60.72%. These findings suggest that the government of Benin should target the implementation of new strategies to improve access to electricity in order to attract more foreign investment and achieve a rapid and sustainable economic growth.Keywords: Electricity Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Benin.JEL Classifications: F21, F43, Q43.DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9415

Objective This study aimed to explore the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) and to propose corresponding interventions. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. Interview data were analyzed by category analysis from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory (ERG). Results The existence needs were mainly reflected in health and security needs, whereas the relatedness needs consisting mainly of interpersonal needs, humanistic concern needs, and family needs; further, the growth needs were mainly reflected as a strong need for knowledge. Existence needs were the main needs during the epidemic, with health and security needs influencing each other. Humanistic concern needs were the most important of the relatedness needs; interpersonal and family needs were also growing. Conclusion It is found that the existence, relatedness, and growth needs coexist in clinical nurses. It is helpful to take effective interventions to meet their needs if the needs of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients could be perceived well.