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Repressive state violence, intended to tamp down collective mobilisation, sometimes inspires greater participation by protesters. When popular and/or elite reactions cause the repressing party to concede, civil resistance scholars define the failure of state repression as 'backfire'. Some have proposed that movements' nonviolent discipline is essential to backfire. This article demonstrates that movements that practise 'unarmed militancy' – forceful, combative tactics less damaging than armed violence – can also succeed through backfire, achieving policy concessions and even presidential resignations, and presents a qualitative comparative analysis of the outcomes of 48 protest events with multiple deaths in Bolivia between 1982 and 2019, and a case-based analysis of how either movements or repressors prevailed. Movements that confronted deadly repression succeeded in 57–8 per cent of cases. Whether or not protesters engaged in lethal defensive violence did not affect their likelihood of success. However, state repression of guerrillas and paramilitary groups, and during polarised partisan conflicts, was consistently successful. Current understandings of backfire need to be reconsidered in light of successful unarmed militant protest in Bolivia and numerous other locations worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to argue about the importance of indigenous peoples' right to land as a means of preserving the environment and achieving socio-environmental justice. The problem is to answer whether it is possible to protect indigenous peoples' right to land and in what way; and whether it is a means of realizing socio-environmental justice in the context of environmental preservation. As a hypothesis, it is understood that the guarantee of indigenous land is a means of environmental preservation, since the traditions and cultures of the original peoples help to protect the environment, balance the climate and control deforestation and atmospheric and soil pollution. It therefore becomes a means of realizing socio-environmental justice. The specific objectives of this work are to study the concepts of indigenous lands and socio-environmental justice and Brazilian indigenous legislation; to analyze the intercultural relationship between indigenous culture and the environment; and finally, to demonstrate how the plural, biocentric and ecological culture of indigenous peoples contributes to the preservation of the environment. Using a deductive method, a qualitative bibliographical review and an indirect research technique, with legislative and bibliographical analysis, it is concluded that the relationship between indigenous peoples and the environment and the right to land is an example of the intersection between environmental, social and cultural issues, since respecting and protecting these rights not only contributes to the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems, but also to the maintenance of cultural and global diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central goal of this paper is to investigate the injustices that can occur with the use of new technologies, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI), focusing on the issues concerning respect to human rights and the protection of victims and the most vulnerable. We aim to study the impacts of AI in daily life and the possible threats to human dignity imposed by it, such as discrimination based on prejudices, identity-oriented stereotypes, and unequal access to health services. We characterize such cases as algorithmic injustices. In the final part of the text, we propose some strategies to confront this specific type of injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the right to strike among members of the police force, two positions can be identified: on one side, there are those who predominantly argue that it is legitimate to limit or even suppress this right for this group of workers, and on the other side, there are those who contend that the right to strike is a labor right recognized in the Constitution without exceptions. This paper approaches this topic from a fresh perspective that, through an interpretation of Article 57 of the Constitution alongside other constitutional provisions and the principles of human rights protection, supports the thesis that public officials, including members of the police force, have a recognized right to strike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work is to analyze the political continuity surrounding two Chilean dramaturgical texts: Retablo de Yumbel by Isidora Aguirre, and Villa by Guillermo Calderón. The former was written and staged during the civil-military dictatorship, while the latter belongs to the post-dictatorial period. The reflection is developed through a comparative analysis, drawing upon theories that explore the concept of politics. Specifically, the relationship between human rights violations committed under the dictatorship and the theater is examined. The article concludes that references to the history are made using a variety of stylistic allusive techniques, including those of self and metacognitive reflection. In both works, the word serves as both an aesthetic and dramatic device as well as an emotive one. Through this exploration, the art delves into its political possibilities from an ethical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the theme of offenses against honor in the digital era and analyzes how Brazilian legislation combats these infractions. With the advancement of technology and the advent of the internet, the dissemination of information and quick access to social networks have provided a conducive environment for the spread of insults and defamatory information. In this context, offenses against honor - slander, defamation, and insult - take on new dimensions and challenges in the digital era. Given this scenario, the central objective of this work is to provide an in-depth analysis of offenses against honor in the Digital Era, elucidating their characteristics, the legal treatment established by Brazilian legislation, and the intrinsic relationship with Human Rights. The aim is to understand how technological evolution has influenced the commission of these offenses and how the legal system must adapt to this new reality, ensuring the protection of essential values for societal coexistence. The methodology employed in this research will be bibliographic in nature, based on qualitative and quantitative sources, with analysis of doctrines, scientific articles, case law, and relevant legal norms on the subject. The results of this research point to the need for broader and updated legislation to address offenses against honor in the digital era. Technological evolution has brought new forms of propagation of insults, such as social networks and messaging applications, which demand a more effective approach by legal authorities in identifying and holding offenders accountable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian law plays a fundamental role in society, whether protecting, regulating it, or seeking order, progress and harmony among citizens. Despite all this effort, a society composed of men is vulnerable to bestialized actions by some, such as, for example, sexual crimes that are present in this society. Doing a coexisting reading, it is clear that these crimes have increased significantly, with children and adolescents as the main victims, much of this progress is due to the evolution of social networks and state negligence. Faced with this social, technological evolution and behavioral regression of man, an analysis is necessary to understand and elucidate the origin of these crimes, as well as to remedy and fight them efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a search based on the qualitative approach, it becomes of vital interest to study transitional justice and the impact it has on the economic, social and cultural rights of the victims of the armed conflict. This article begins with a delimited discussion of "fiscal sustainability and its impact on the decisions issued by the Superior Court of Bogota, Justice and Peace Chamber". Then, a concrete case is taken to analyze it in detail and reach conclusions in accordance with the topic studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current climate, where human dignity has positioned itself at the top of legal theory, a conception of dignity built upon the being or ontology of human beings has become known in recent years. This research aims to account for the inability of ontological dignity to support law on its own and, more specifically, biolaw. This task will be completed through a critical-review of the postulate in light of the fruitful classical law theory. After presenting some of the central theses of such doctrine, we will demonstrate that, when discussing dignity in law, prominence is given to moral dignity, not ontological dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text analyses the socio-environmental conflict in the village of Pirgua. At the same time, the research defines the causes that give rise to it, and proposes a public policy that allows establishing a model for how to take on the great social and environmental challenges. The analysis of the research is given by the characterisation of a social phenomenon (conflict) by means of the three-stage methodological model; analysis of the conflict, legitimacy of action and the actors within the conflict and, finally, the conflict within a central conflict (Fontaine, 2004). The investigation found that there exists a concentration of negative environmental burdens that are generating opposing relationships between the community that inhabits the village versus the institutions and private companies that manage the burdens. This tension is mainly caused by inadequate territorial planning and ignorance of the approaches that recognise human rights within the notion of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Truth Commission (TC) was carried out in Brazil (2012-2014) to investigate human rights violations perpetrated by state agents, especially during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). TCs are supposed to help societies on the reconstruction of social cohesion after authoritarian or violent periods. We conducted three studies with undergraduate students and adult samples between 2014 and 2017. Evaluating the TC as effective was related to higher punctuations on the variables of social cohesion, even controlling the effects of political positioning. The TC effectiveness perception was associated with the emotional reaction (both, negative or positive) and a positive attitude towards remembering the past. Nonetheless, we found some different results across the three studies. These differences are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This systematic review aims to characterize studies on human rights education in schools in Latin America between 2016 and 2022. Its purpose is to contribute to the discussion regarding the formation of this field of knowledge. The backdrop of the debate centers on how tensions between the political-legal and moral aspects, inherent in human rights theory, have influenced the development of the field of rights education. These tensions become apparent when the international political reality intersects with the local political context during the process of integrating human rights covenants, recommendations, and protocols into educational systems. Methodology: The documentary body consists of 51 manuscripts identified in the databases: Redalyc, Jstor, Scielo and Scopus, based on the Protocol for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis PRISMA. The literature analysis is organized by author, year, country, method, and contribution to the understanding of human rights in schools, through indicators related to the political establishment of rights in the educational system, and the set of moral conceptions and resources used for their appropriation. Results: Efforts to organize the school system and ensure education as a right prevail, while promoting knowledge of school systems' regulatory system. In addition, there are discursive practices of a moral nature oriented toward human rights education, but with effects on the formation of new citizenships. Conclusions: Two social forces have converged in the discursive establishment of Human Rights Education (HRE), one with a preeminence of political-legal aspects and a strong moral content; another covering actions coming from popular education. In schools, HRE has favored the development of critical thinking and the public use of reason, with effects on the shaping of political subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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