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Dichotomous thinking is a propensity for individuals to understand events as opposites, in a binary way. There are currently two inventories that accurately measure this construct, the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory, and the Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale. The present study aimed to carry out a review process to compile all the empirical studies that have made use of either of these instruments. To achieve this goal, we carried out a scoping review. We conducted a search using the keywords "Dichotomous Thinking Inventory," "Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale," and "Thinking Style" in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and PsycInfo. No limits were imposed on the review. We found 19 articles that met the pre‐established criteria; the concentration of research occurred in the last 10 years. It was possible to clarify that the dichotomous way of understanding events occurs, in general, in the presence of maladaptive traits of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dichotomous thinking is a propensity for individuals to understand events as opposites, in a binary way. There are currently two inventories that accurately measure this construct, the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory, and the Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale. The present study aimed to carry out a review process to compile all the empirical studies that have made use of either of these instruments. To achieve this goal, we carried out a scoping review. We conducted a search using the keywords "Dichotomous Thinking Inventory," "Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale," and "Thinking Style" in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and PsycInfo. No limits were imposed on the review. We found 19 articles that met the pre‐established criteria; the concentration of research occurred in the last 10 years. It was possible to clarify that the dichotomous way of understanding events occurs, in general, in the presence of maladaptive traits of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many parts of the contemporary philosophical debate have been built on the radicalization of conclusions derived from the acceptance of a certain set of classical dichotomies. It also discusses how pragmatism and abduction are currently presented to solve the problems arising from these dichotomies. For this reason, the efforts of this article have been directed to analyze the impact of this fact on the philosophy of science and logic. The starting point is that accepting abduction implies, in many ways, accepting the foundations of pragmatism. Also, that the analysis of such problems from pragmatism and the particular use of abduction dissolve the dichotomies and, with it, also modify the philosophical problems related to them. Therefore, I propose to understand abduction as the right conceptual device to review the problems and debates of the twentieth century's epistemology from a pragmatic perspective. In doing so, the aim is to propose that the current use of abduction in contemporary debates may imply a change of the philosophical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinearities, exponential trends, and Euler equations are three key features of standard dynamic volatility models of speculation, economic growth, or macroeconomic fluctuations with occasionally binding constraints and endogenous state-dependent volatility. A natural way to estimate a model with all such three features could be to use the observed nonstationary data in a single step without preliminary linearization, log-linearization, or preliminary detrending. Adoption of this natural strategy confronts a serious challenge that has been neither articulated nor solved: a dichotomy in the empirical model implied by the Euler equation. This leads to a discontinuity in the regression in the limit, rendering the approaches employed in available proofs of consistency inapplicable. We characterize the problem and develop a novel method of proof of consistency and asymptotic normality. Our methodological contribution establishes a foundation for consistent estimation and hypothesis testing of nonstationary models without resorting to preliminary detrending, an a priori assumption that any trend is exactly zero, linearization, or other restrictions on the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the nature of the dichotomy and difference between officers' and non-commissioned officers' wives in Nigerian Cantonments. It identifies that the interactions between the two groups since the colonial period have long been overlooked in intellectual discourse and knowledge production due to culture and sex stereotypes. The paper argues that the relationship between officers and noncommissioned officers' wives in both colonial and post-colonial periods were marked by rank and social inequality. In this piece, we draw on primary and secondary sources of data, oral interviews, official documents, internet materials, and participant-observation to substantiate its claim, this paper reveals that the case of army officers' wives and noncommissioned officers' wives in Nigeria epitomizes the theory of social stratification in a male-dominated profession. Contrary to the opinion that it is only men that marginalise women, this paper demonstrates that women also marginalise fellow women on account of rank and social construct. It also affirms that colonial encounters reinvented inequality and dichotomy in gender relations and military life. The study concludes that rank is important but social inclusion will foster cooperation and collaboration in a plural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the thermal response characteristics of single fracture anthracite sample injected with hot steam under triaxial pressure were studied by using the experimental equipment assembled in the laboratory. The results show that the temperature rising process of the measuring points on the prefabricate fracture surface has obvious stages, which can be divided into temperature rise stage when the temperature is between room temperature and boiling point, the steam phase transition stage when the temperature is boiling point, and temperature rise stage when temperature is higher than boiling point heating stage. The farther away from the steam inlet, the longer the holding time in the second stage. When the axial pressure and confining pressure is 7.5 MPa and the steam pressure is 1 MPa, the heat mainly depends on the heat conduction mode to make the temperature of the coal body of non-fracture surface rise. COMSOL is used to simulate the experimental conditions, and the heat conduction coefficient is selected by dichotomy method. The simulation value is compared with the experimental value, and the thermal conductivity of anthracite is finally obtained.

• The proposed method can quickly reduce the original search range of the focusing plane by search region segmentation and solving the system of inequality equations. • The proposed method quickly detects the focusing plane by the dichotomy method with non-fixed step size. • The proposed method significantly improves the computational efficiency with guaranteed detection accuracy of the focusing plane. Autofocusing is a critical step in digital holography for reconstructing high-quality intensity and phase information, especially for the dynamic detection of moving objects. Some commonly used autofocusing methods in digital holography are time-consuming as they search over a large range to find a unique reconstruction distance. In this study, we propose a new fast autofocusing method based on search region segmentation and dichotomy. First, a new search region is obtained by segmenting the original region and solving a system of inequality equations. Second, improving the focusing evaluation function and combining this function with the dichotomy method transforms the discriminating minimum of the evaluation function into the detection of the zero-crossing position, reducing the number of searches required for the autofocusing method. The effectiveness of the proposed autofocusing method is validated through numerical simulations and experiments. The proposed method can significantly improve computational efficiency while guaranteeing the detection accuracy of the focusing plane compared with conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dystopia while deconstructing utopian ideas generates a special type of identity as a consequence of a deviation from anthropocentric principles, crises of national and cultural worldviews, and changes in manifestations of social shifting in the posthumanist world. The article has focused on four symptomatic dystopian texts – George Orwell’s Nineteen Forty-Eight, Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Ahmed K. Towfik’s Utopia, and Salman Rushdie’s Quichotte – to explicate the dichotomous nature of the opposition of identity vs society in the posthumanist transformations. Those conditions are considered a cause of the mutation of dystopian identity that troubles its anthropological bases and modes of existence. To reconstruct the posthumanist context and its influence on the dystopian identities in the selected novels, this study has exploited a mixture of the following methods: intertextual, cultural, and genre ones; phenomenological approach; hermeneutic interpretation; conceptualisation, etc. The novelty of the study emanates from the very attempt to interpret the writers’ names of the AGEs which are represented in the books as a background of storytelling and a lens through which the posthumanist space is transformed from a dystopian perspective.

• The rooted art-economy dichotomy does not explain the complexity of artistic activity. • The notion of posture challenges the dichotomy between art and economy. • Artists adopt a multiplicity of postures in today's conditions of cultural production. • A taxonomy of artists' postures conceptualizes the diversity of artists' trajectories. • A taxonomy of artists' postures conceptualizes the complexity of artistic activity. The rooted dichotomy between art and economy tends to simplify our understanding of the conditions under which makers of cultural products operate. The contingencies of the last decades, leading to a greater plurality of artists' practices, urge us to create new conceptual tools to seize the effective cultural production structures. This paper aims to open this dichotomy - anchored in institutional sociology, creative economy, arts management and cultural entrepreneurship - and to reveal the relational complexity of cultural production. Building on a meta-study of a body of qualitative research published between 2012 and 2022 based on semi-directed interviews, focus groups and case studies about artists' effective practices in music, performing arts, visual and mediatic arts from underground scenes or marginal communities, we identify 20 postures adopted by artists. We place these postures on two axes reflecting the intensity of economic and artistic logics. This taxonomy explains more accurately today's conditions of cultural production. It allows us to better understand: the multiplicity of artists' and works' trajectories, as well as creation networks; the coexistence and co-dependency of postures within the same practice; and the diversity of artists' practices beyond a disciplinary logic and a linear conception of artistic career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education ecology is a new crossover research field in network age. Its research content can be either microscopic classroom teaching or macro educational ecology research on teaching and culture. The university music classroom is a special kind of ecology. The reason why this is special is that compared to natural ecology, the classroom ecology of university music has a unique relationship between the environment and the subject. The classroom is ecological and becomes the logical prerequisite for ecological research in the classroom. In the Internet age, as the most advanced teaching medium, it has become the need for the development of the new era. The Internet era has broadened the channels and scope of people's access to information and greatly enriched the information resources. The design of teacher's music teaching should have sustainable development. It is no longer a pursuit of only the answer. It must consider the students' multiple ways of learning and must leave room for students to practice independently. Guides help students continue to explore musical arts. This article mainly conveys the innovation of the traditional teaching "learning" and "learning" dichotomy to form an interactive and harmonious classroom ecosystem. The interaction between various factors has handled according to the principles of educational ecology, combined with the development of network technology and Cultivate students' enthusiasm for learning, self-study ability and practical ability, to improve the effectiveness of university music teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dystopia, while deconstructing utopian ideas, generates a special type of identity as the consequence of a deviation from anthropocentric principles, crises of national and cultural worldviews, and manifestations of social shifting in a posthumanist world. The article focuses on four symptomatic dystopian texts -- George Orwell's "Nineteen Forty-Eight", Ray Bradbury's "Fahrenheit 451", Ahmed K. Towfik's "Utopia", and Salman Rushdie's "Quichotte" -- to explicate the dichotomous nature of the opposition of identity vs society in posthumanist transformations. Those conditions are considered a cause of the mutation of dystopian identity that troubles its anthropological bases and modes of existence. To reconstruct the posthumanist context and its influence on the dystopian identities in the selected novels, this study has exploited a mixture of the following methods: intertextual, cultural, and genre ones; phenomenological approach; hermeneutic interpretation; conceptualisation, etc. The novelty of the study emanates from the very attempt to interpret the writers' names of the AGEs represented in the books as a background of storytelling and a lens through which the posthumanist space is transformed from a dystopian perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the reliability of vehicle state parameter estimation, a vehicle state fusion estimation method based on dichotomy is proposed. An extended Kalman filter algorithm is designed based on the vehicle 3 degrees of freedom dynamic model. Meanwhile, considering the influence of dynamic model and sensor noise and its coefficient selection on the estimation results, a radial basis function neural network estimation algorithm is designed. To further improve the reliability of the estimation algorithm, a method of estimation algorithm fusion is proposed based on the idea of mutual compensation between model- and data-driven estimation algorithms. The weights of the estimation results of different algorithms are assigned through the dichotomy. The redundancy and fusion of estimation algorithms can improve estimation performance. The effectiveness of the fusion method is verified by the co-simulation of MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim, and the real vehicle test. The results show that the change trend of the estimation result is consistent with the actual state parameters change trend, and the estimation accuracy after algorithm fusion is significantly improved compared to a single extended Kalman filter or radial basis function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we connected Zeno’s paradoxes and motions with the viscous friction force F = - b v . For the progressive version of the dichotomy paradox, if the body speed is constant, the sequences of positions and instants are infinite, but the series of distances and time variations converge to finite values. However, when the body moves with force F = - b v , the series of time variations becomes infinite. In this case, the body crosses infinite points, approximating to a final position forever, as the progressive version of the dichotomy paradox describes. The same procedures with constant speed and motion with force F = - b v result in different spatial sequences and the same series for the regressive version of the dichotomy paradox. Nonetheless, the regressive version of the dichotomy paradox does not describe a body that approximates a final position forever. Finally, for the Achilles paradox, we find the positional and temporal sequences of the man and the tortoise at constant speeds. Analogously to the progressive version of the dichotomy paradox, the positional and temporal sequences are infinite, but the spatial and temporal series converge to finite values. If Achilles and the tortoise are identical points that move with force F = - b v , and the turtle’s position in function of time presents a temporal advantage, the man and the animal will cross successive infinite places forever, and the quick hero will never overtake the slow reptile, as the paradox described. We conclude that the progressive version of the dichotomy and Achilles paradoxes can describe motions when the force is F = - b v . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, depicts the struggle of a woman in search of her own identity and her desire to liberate from the Angel vs Monster dichotomy imposed by society. Esther Greenwood is torn between her mother, who wants her to become an Angel and her vocation as a female writer, more compatible with the Monster. As she encounters different women who represent these archetypes in New York, Betsy and Doreen, her division of the self grows prominent in her life. This paper aims to undertake an analysis on Esther's struggle to find herself in this dichotomy and how the displacement that she suffers while failing to identify with neither of the binaries available is the main cause of her mental illness. Esther cannot be categorized as neither Angel or Monster, but still, society's fixation on erasing women's dichotomization of identity force her to choose between one of them. As there is no placement in society for a woman who does not complain with either one side or the other of the identity spectrum, Esther must leave the mental asylum as either a reformed Angel or a Monster in disguise in order to continue with her life, eliminating every trace of binarism in the female identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to look at the larger socio-political discourse that informs the two cinematic texts Ghare Baire Aaj by Aparna Sen and Ghare Baire by Satyajit Ray. Ray’s adaptation of Tagore’s novel explores the gendering of the public and private domain within the framework of the nationalist ideology. The film temporally embedded within a colonial context imagines the nation metaphorically through the woman whose possible transgression from private to public domain challenges both nationalist and colonial construction of the titular binary. Counterpoised against this, Sen’s deconstructive post-colonial and post-global adaptation challenges further the dichotomy of the public and private to expose its fault lines. Sen’s film brings to the fore the contemporary ideological contradictions interpellated within the construction of secularism and liberal discourses of gender. The genderization of popular discourses of nationalism, colonialism, and identity constructing the core of both Tagore’s novel and Ray’s film has been further extended and problematised by Sen through the Dalit identity of the central woman character of her movie. The paper then will try to unfold these critical nuances manifested through the dialogical engagement of these texts to unfold the influence of their multi-layered ‘sites’ on the gendered identity construction in the respective cinemas of Satyajit Ray and Aparna Sen.

With regard to the basic understanding of the location of social entrepreneurship, there is a widespread explanatory approach of a dichotomy with two poles: social and entrepreneurial. According to this, a lesser expression of one pole automatically leads to an approach toward the other pole. Social entrepreneurship is to be positioned in the middle of the two poles. On the basis of a qualitative empirical study (qualitative content analysis and metaphor analysis), this paper questions the basic understanding of the bipolar continuum and postulates a different, four-dimensional basic understanding of social entrepreneurship. This new draft does better justice to the given complexity of social entrepreneurship and provides an expanded explanatory approach to how social entrepreneurship can be conceptualized beyond the two dimensions. An approach with 36 types of social entrepreneurship emerges from the research results. The implications for science and practice are discussed. This article contributes to a better understanding of the different logics of social enterprises with hybrid organizational principles dedicated to sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We generalize the 0 dichotomy to doubly-indexed sequences of analytic digraphs. Under a mild definability assumption, we use this generalization to characterize the family of Borel actions of tsi Polish groups on Polish spaces that can be decomposed into countably-many Borel actions admitting complete Borel sets that are lacunary with respect to an open neighborhood of the identity. We also show that if the group in question is non-archimedean, then the inexistence of such a decomposition yields a special kind of continuous embedding of 0 ℕ into the corresponding orbit equivalence relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Çok eskiden beri yönetim açısından önemsenen örgütsel dikotomi kavramının son yıllarda makale, bildiri, tez, kitap ya da kitap bölümlerinde sıklıkla kullanılır hale geldiği görülmektedir. Temel örgütsel dikotomi kavramı ile, içinde belirli kişilikleri ve ihtiyaç eğilimleri olan bireyler ile belirli rolleri ve beklentileri olan örgütlerden bahsedilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, örgütsel dikotomi kavramının yönetim açısından öneminin ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu bağlamda Google Scholar veri tabanında yayınlanan çeşitli akademik yayınlar kapsamlı literatür taraması ile değerlendirilmiştir. Örneklem olarak incelenen 125 uluslararası akademik çalışma SPSS 22.0 programında çözümlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada hem nitel hem nicel yöntem birlikte kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına ulaşmak için istatistiki programda frekans ve yüzde dağılım analizleri ile ki-kare analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Genel olarak, betimsel analiz sonuçlarına göre örgütsel dikotomi kavramı ile ilgili çalışmaların, büyük çoğunluğunun (%62,4’ünün) 2000-2020 yılları arasında yayınlandığı, iktisadi ve idari bilimler alanı (%36) ile ilgili olduğu ve çoğunlukla Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (%63,2) yayınlandığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, örgütsel dikotomi ile ilgili çalışmaların yapıldığı ülkeler ile söz konusu çalışmaların yayın yılları arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığına yönelik yapılan ki-kare testi sonucunda, çalışmaların yayınlandığı ülkeler ile çalışmaların yayın yılları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu (0,0240,005) hem de yayın yılları (p=0,5417>0,005) açısından anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

The study of political and administrative dichotomy in the discipline of public administration has always been about the differences that occur within the framework of government institutions. These differences have always trigger the aspect of the principle of separation of powers that guide the functionality of these institutions. This study focused on analysing the principle of separation of powers at local government level, while navigating through the political and administrative dichotomy in South Africa. To ascertain the challenges facing municipalities on the basis of the effects of political and administrative structures. Therefore, this study focused on the analysis of the principle of separation of powers vis-à-vis political and administrative structures at local government level. Using qualitative research approach, this study suggests that there a legal structure through which monitoring and safeguarding the harmony and wellbeing of the principle of separation of powers is guaranteed.

One of the main topics discussed by historians, including those of science, in the late twentieth century is the historical introspection into “modernism,” a term based on a teleological view of the world. According to the conventional understanding of world history, the historical process to modernity that has led to the Civil Revolution, Scientific Revolution, and Capitalism is linear and universally inevitable, and this—in other words, Eurocentrism—implies that only the historical experiences of Europeans are relevant. This mainstream view of world history has spread the dichotomous analytic framework of historiography and reinforced cultural essentialism, which has eventually given a Euro- or Sino-centric hierarchical presentation of history. This type of world view rests on the assumption that there are intrinsic and incommensurable differences between cultures or localities, which a lot of commentators and scholars have constantly countered by arguing that that presumption does not comply with what historical sources say. Drawing on some trail-blazing scholarship of cultural studies and others, this essay turns away from this “conventional” framework of historiography and presents a world view that is framed in the context of trans-locality, interconnectedness, plurality, heterogeneity, polycentricity, and diversity. In recent years, in an attempt to search for new analytic frames, some endeavors have emerged in the field of cultural or science studies to go beyond just providing critical commentaries or case studies. Furthermore, researchers and scholars in the history of science, technology and medicine in East Asia have put an effort into conceptualizing and establishing such new analytic frames. Among those approaches are attempts to shed light upon the trans-local yet global interconnectedness (emphatically in pre-modern periods), diverse historical trajectories to modernities, and polycentric as well as plural landscape of scientific enterprises over time and across the world. On top of these new visions of world history, this essay further elaborates on and proposes some conceptive ideas: (1) “Tradition” as a set of recipes, which could replace the idea of the living yet dead tradition; (2) “Medicine” as a problem-solving activity, which calls more attention to historical actors of East Asian medicine; (3) “East Asian medicines” as a family of trans-locally related practices in East Asia, which would lead to going beyond the nationalist historiography such as Sino-centrism; (4) “Problematique” as the system of questions and concepts which make up East Asian medicine, which should reveal what East Asian medicines have been about; (5) “Styles of Practice” for the historiography of East Asian medicines, as opposed to the cultural account, epistemological historiography or praxiography; and, as an illustrative example, (6) “Topological Bodies” for the history of anatomy in East Asia. Going beyond tradition and dichotomous historiography, these new methodologies or conceptual ideas will contribute to the understanding of the history of East Asian medicines.

The proposed work is devoted to the study of F. M. Dostoevsky’s aesthetics, in particular, the aesthetic ideal of the writer. Following Kant, Hegel, and Schiller, the Russian writer considered the ideal in an anthropological aspect. The aesthetic ideal of the Russian writer is a person who expresses the moral principle, the divine in man. The idea of moral beauty is expressed in the theoretical thought of the Russian writer. Harmony and good looks serve only as an outer shell, when the moral height appears as the aesthetic ideal of F. M. Dostoevsky. To this beauty, truth, his works strive. Following the examples of “positive beauty” of world and domestic literature and art, Dostoevsky recreated in his works positively beautiful characters. The Russian writer speaks of the duality of beauty, the “two abysses” of the human soul: “Sodom” - low, sinful, connected with the beauty of the body, sensual, and “Madona” - high, connected with spiritual beauty, a person can combine both. The writer’s aesthetic ideal is turned to spiritual beauty. Of particular interest is Dostoevsky’s “Diary of a writer”. It is in it that the idea of the writer’s aesthetic ideal is clearly expressed. The question of the ideal person is considered in the context of underground (afterlife) life in the story “Bobok” and above-ground space in “the dream of a funny man”. These stories and the publicistic texts that frame them reveal the inner dynamics of the writer’s worldview: from the statement of the corruption of the spirit and the immortality of the soul (“Bobok”) to the tragic insight of the truth (“Meek”) and to the statement of the” living”image of the truth (“the dream of a funny man”). The story explicitly expresses the overcoming of such a painful contradiction between the individual and the General, between a positively beautiful person and society.

This paper looks at the tragic vein in Shakespeare’s Othello as a fruitful source for operatic exploitation. The study compares the bard’s play and two of the operas it inspired across cultural borders, composed by Rossini and Verdi. It shows how the rigours of the operatic tradition imposed various transformations from spoken to sung language, entailing a dramatic metamorphosis which results in the alteration of the plot and the reduction of the number of acts and characters. Another central issue is that of translation and adaptation. The power and effect of Shakespeare’s language are weighed in the light of Frank Kermode’s theories against the foreign librettists’ solutions. From a thematic point of view, this study analyses a number of disquieting black-and-white dichotomies, mainly regarding race, sexuality (Valerie Traub), religion and the occult. The realm of opera provides the possibility of increasing the dramatic tension and the ability of outlining characters through the means germane to music: tonal structure, rhythm, timbre, vocal virtuosity, etc. The paper analyses how the felicitous entwinement between dramatic warp and musical invention in the operas determines their temporal durability or transience, concluding that the otherness of these variants is enriching, increasing the fame, popularity and durability of Shakespeare’s tragedy.

We study the computational complexity of exact minimization of rational-valued discrete functions. Let Γ be a set of rational-valued functions on a fixed finite domain; such a set is called a finite-valued constraint language. The valued constraint satisfaction problem, VCSP(Γ), is the problem of minimizing a function given as a sum of functions from Γ. We establish a dichotomy theorem with respect to exact solvability for all finite-valued constraint languages defined on domains of arbitrary finite size. We show that every constraint language Γ either admits a binary symmetric fractional polymorphism, in which case the basic linear programming relaxation solves any instance of VCSP(Γ) exactly, or Γ satisfies a simple hardness condition that allows for a polynomial-time reduction from Max-Cut to VCSP(Γ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, as part of a study explores the reinvention of identity and culture through community making, specifically in the process of creation and way of functioning of autonomous temporal groups and intentional communities through socio-cultural spaces. The analysis makes use of a network of four different organized communities from Western and South-Eastern Europe, namely Toestand (Brussels, Belgium), Termokiss (Prishtina, Kosova), Space Tetova (Tetova, North Macedonia), with a specific focus on the performance of the project - event Uzina (Tirana, Albania). Through an ethnographic approach, based on active participant observation and interviews that are shown below, this research is an attempt to engage the participating members of the different groups in the construction of the thorough insight of the research. The patterns of intercultural contact and reflexive behaviors in this collective's endeavors, accentuate the complexity of relationships that arise in the course of the collaboration of the network and wider, revealing the 'agonistic' dynamics of Self and Other, West and East, unity and diversity, giver and receiver, hierarchy and equality, global and local, concentrating on new social movements and contemporary identity practices in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to argue that the conflictual debate on human rights between China and United States is characterized by a dichotomous approach which still reflects a Cold War logic and can have a detrimental impact on the full understanding of social, economic, political processes which are undergoing during our age. The argument has been built through a case-study on US-China public discourses on COVID-19 and human rights, which posits that a dichotomous approach has prevented an objective reading of the pandemic processes underway and thus influenced the health crisis' management on both sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the usage and effect of the 'primitive' concept in social sciences. This concept, which is used to express both people who lived in the deep past and people who did not come into contact with modernity, has a rather ambiguous world of meaning. It is possible to say that non-Western societies are coded as 'primitive' in this approach, which is basically based on the Western and other dichotomy. The Western mind, which sees itself at the top of the line of progress, people who did not come into contact with modernity as irrational, unaware of his surroundings, and lacking many values and institutions. It can be said that the 'theory of primitive society' plays a dominant role in the background of transferring democracy and prosperity to 'developing societies'. This article also discusses the transformation of the ancient human, coded as barbarian and savage, under the influence of the progressive approach, into a creature with knowledge and wisdom, with the effect of romance over time. The concept of 'primitive', which continues to find a place for itself in the literature despite some criticisms, has a influence of domain beyond what is thought. The criticism of the 'primitive' contributes to the correct understanding of both the ancient human and the traditionally expressed contemporary societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aimed to explore the concept, etiology, classification, classical cortical mapping, assessment, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, mechanism, recovery, prognosis, and influencing factors for Chinese post‐stroke aphasia (PSA). The review emphasized the necessity and significance of neuroimaging assessment of brain and blood vessels and neuropsychological assessment in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Chinese PSA. In addition, it suggested and recommended to use "dichotomies of internal and external, and anterior and posterior" as a starting point, based on the anatomic location of brain and blood vessels and their relationship with language area and language disorder. As a result, the formulated Chinese PSA classification was more suitable to guide the clinical treatment of cerebral stroke. Diagnosis, classification, and differential diagnosis of Chinese PSA types were performed according to the "dichotomy" and "four elements." The formulated "flow diagram" enabled to determine the classification of Chinese PSA types. It was beneficial for patients to establish targeted and individualized rehabilitation training plans. This review introduced the use of memantine, piracetam, donepezil, etc. in PSA treatment, evaluated clinical studies conducted in China and abroad, investigated the mechanism of action related to the use of drugs in PSA treatment, and explored the therapeutic mechanism of rehabilitation training. It suggested the use drugs of memantine, piracetam, donepezil, etc. combine with non‐pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation training in clinical studies on PSA treatment and also in practical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an up-to-date research of the problem of understanding of food as a literary and cultural code, characteristic manner of the character, peculiarities of the plot organization of the text and etc. The author pays attention to the newly-published and understudied work of the famous Ukrainian writer and analyzes it in the appropriate context. This article considers the features of the novel by O. Malyarenko "Typical Borya, or Two at One Table". The work analyzes peculiarities of the genre structure of the text, identifies features of the title of the work, defines its genre specificity. This article also investigates the role of food in the structure of "Typical Borja, or Two at One Table", analyzes the level of interaction between the main characters in the work. Separately, the author of the article ponders the question about the role of the mythological concept at different levels of organization of the work.

Obtaining the liquid storage state of oil wells in real time is very important for oilfield production. In this paper, under the premise of fully considering the transformation factors of full-pumping and nonfull-pumping states of oil wells, submergence depth models suitable for full- and nonfull-pumping wells are constructed. To reduce the application complexity of the models, parameter-reduction processing is performed to enhance the usability of the models. By analyzing the change trend of the submergence depth during the rising, maintaining, and falling of the oil well in the full-pumping state and nonfull-pumping state models, the judgment criteria for the transition of the oil well state are provided. On this basis, the application methods of nonlinear interpolation and least squares curve-fitting numerical solutions of submergence depth models are studied, and the unique existence of the solution of the corresponding one-variable nonlinear characteristic equation in the (0, 1) open interval is proven. Finally, the error estimation of the numerical solution is carried out, the calculation formula of the number of iterations for the numerical solution of the dichotomy is provided, and the error of the relevant numerical solution is verified.

The article analyzes the work of Blanca Varela, the most important Peruvian poet of all time. She highlights the dichotomy between animal and human in her collection of poems Canto villano. The paper is based, above all, on the proposal of Giorgio Agamben, who questions the opposition between animal and human to suggest that there is a continuity between both living beings. Likewise, the concept of anthropology machine is used for the analysis of Blanca Varela's poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the problem of dichotomy and boundedness for impulsive dynamic equations on arbitrary closed subset of real numbers. The spectral decomposition theorem gives all our main results. The obtained results are fundamentally new, even for the classical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We generalize Kada's definable strengthening of Dilworth's characterization of the class of quasi-orders admitting an antichain of a given finite cardinality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of the list homomorphism problem for signed graphs appears difficult to classify. Existing results focus on special classes of signed graphs, such as trees [4] and reflexive signed graphs [25]. Irreflexive signed graphs are in a certain sense the heart of the problem, as noted by a recent paper of Kim and Siggers. We focus on a special class of irreflexive signed graphs, namely those in which the unicoloured edges form a spanning path or cycle, which we call separable signed graphs. We classify the complexity of list homomorphisms to these separable signed graphs; we believe that these signed graphs will play an important role for the general resolution of the irreflexive case. We also relate our results to a conjecture of Kim and Siggers concerning the special case of semi-balanced irreflexive signed graphs; we have proved the conjecture in another paper, and the present results add structural information to that topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the reasons for failure of modernization of contemporary Ukrainian society hitherto. The conclusion about their deep value nature is grounded. Hence, it is proposed to look for ways of successful modernization based on pivotal cultural and historical traditions that have a consolidating, consensus character for all regions of multicultural Ukraine and for the Ukrainian civil nation as a whole.

The article discusses the new conceptual construct of musical psychological science - the “music world of the person”. In our opinion, the music world is the world of music in the person and it is intended for the person, which includes self-development, self-education, and self-determination of the personality, and which is an open reflexive space of mentality of the specific person. The music world of the personality can be presented conditionally in the form of two interconnected, interdependent, but different realities. The first of them symbolizes one’s own, subjective experience (feeling) of various modalities (hearing, tactile, visual) during the composition, execution, perception and assessment of pieces of music as special condition of an organism. The second identifies the creation and construction of an artistic image as the behaviour of the subject of musical activity in a certain sound space. The possibility of constructing in mentality such a space is set to the person by nature, but can and has to be developed in musical activity as vital for him. Studying the features of construction and functioning of the music world of the personality creates opportunities for the development of human consciousness, and for the birth of the new in human musical culture.

Starting with the dichotomous view of Kraepelin, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have traditionally been considered as separate entities. More recent, this taxonomic view of illnesses has been challenged and a continuum psychosis has been postulated based on genetic and neurobiological findings suggestive of a large overlap between disorders. In this paper we will review clinical and experimental data from genetics, morphology, phenomenology and illness progression demonstrating what makes schizophrenia and bipolar disorder different conditions, challenging the idea of the obsolescence of the categorical approach. However, perhaps it is also time to move beyond DSM and search for more refined clinical descriptions that could uncover clinical invariants matching better with molecular data. In the future, computational psychiatry employing artificial intelligence and machine learning might provide us a tool to overcome the gap between clinical descriptions (phenomenology) and neurobiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the existence of periodic solutions for the following partial neutral nonautonomous functional differential equation (1) d d t D u t = (A + B (t)) D u t + F (t , u t) , t ≥ 0 , u 0 = Φ ∈ C = C ([ − r , 0 ] , X) , where the linear operator A is not necessarily densely defined and satisfies the Hille–Yosida condition, B (t) , t ∈ R + , is a family of bounded linear operators from D (A) ¯ into X and the nonlinear delayed part F satisfies some locally Lipschitz conditions. More precisely, we study the Massera problem for the existence of a τ-periodic solution of (1). Then, we prove for τ = 1 , in the dichotomic case, the existence, uniqueness and conditional stability of the periodic solution. Finally, our results are illustrated by an application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bernard Yack's Longing for Total Revolution asserts that a prominent tradition of modern moral and political theory is founded on the binary opposition between nature and culture. Yack rejects this dichotomy in favor of an Aristotelean outlook, and in so doing embraces the opposition between the ancients and the moderns. Neither binary is as oppositional as Yack suggests. There is, however, a more viable distinction to be made between the ancients and the moderns—concerning the role played by teleology—and it better serves the purpose of mapping the historical trajectory of moral and political theorizing. Teleology does not survive modernity, and it is this development that was truly revolutionary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mild copper‐mediated protocol has been developed for borylation of alkynyl cyclic carbonates. Depending on the nature of the borylating reaction partner, either stereoselective diborylation of the propargylic surrogate takes place, providing convenient access to (E)‐1,2‐borylated 1,3‐dienes, or traceless monoborylation occurs, which leads to α‐hydroxyallenes as the principal product. The dichotomy in this borylation protocol has been scrutinized by several control experiments, illustrating that a relatively small change in the diboron(4) reagent allows for competitive alcohol‐assisted protodemetalation to forge an α‐hydroxyallene product under ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]