Search

More than solving a problem, in this text we propose to shape it by outlining some of its lines. We start from the category of enforced disappearance, analyze its origin and underline its success in terms of the notorious international expansion it has had. So much so that it has illuminated other situations in which individuals are removed from the protection of the law. We therefore say that the concept has exceeded its limits and we illustrate this situation with four cases that have the air of a family with forced disappearance: the uncontacted indigenous people in Brazil, the homes of migrants in Mexico, the erased citizens in the Dominican Republic, the unregistered subjects, also in Mexico. We present these four situations in dialogue between legal theory and ethnographic observation in order to present some ideas that allow us to think about the common background that makes disappearance: subjects that do not count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrants, remains, UBC (Unidentified Border Crosser or Undocumented Border Crosser), bodies in the desert, unidentified and unknown, John/Jane Doe, disappeared migrants, death person, missing, etc. Those are the categories that governmental and non-governmental agents, as well as scholars, use in the city of Tucson, Arizona, to refer to migrants who cross the border and whose whereabouts are unknown. In this article, based on qualitative fieldwork (mainly in-depth interviews), we analyze the names that those agents use or create to talk about the situation. We show, at the same time, how the more consolidated categories -- specially forced disappearance--, are exceeded when dealing with complex phenomenon such as transnational migrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PSICOANÁLISIS Revista de la Asociación Psicoanalítica Colombiana is the property of Asociacion Psicoanalitica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Razón Crítica is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nomadas (01217550) is the property of Universidad Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of this work is to analyze the attribution standards employed by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) in order to account for the State's responsibility in the forced disappearances perpetrated by non-state actors. This article initially focuses on the classification of perpetrators of disappearances. It then addresses the IACHR sentences about forced disappearances perpetrated by non-state actors who committed these acts with the support, authorization and acquiescence of the State. This article also analyzes the laws about disappearances perpetrated by non-state actors with no connections to the State. In this manner, this work identifies the stages of the law superseded by the IACHR and analyzes the content of the attribution standards employed. Therefore, besides presenting a description of the state in question, this research outlines critical contributions of the path the IACHR followed in order to guide the interpretation of the standards of similar cases and to hypothesize about the cases the IACHR did not address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disappearance of people in Peru generates a sense of rupture in the rural Andes. It is a product of recruitment and armed conflicts between guerrilla groups and law enforcement agencies and paramilitary groups during the decades of 1980 and1990. This sense of rupture is regained through the continual presence of the absent, expressed in a particular concept of posthumous life which extends beyond the death of the person who has disappeared. Through field work and in-depth interviews, this article recovers the stories of those who live in places where death was not peaceful or properly ritualized, meaning, where death was not domesticated. In order to understand the ontological ambivalence of the figure of the disappeared, who is neither dead or alive, and the consequences of its liminality, this article exposes the religious traditional representations created and the repertory of rites maintained in Peru. Tormented souls, known pathologically as a product of folklore, have not been considered interpretative categories for understanding the experience of violence. Therefore, this research addresses the social meanings of these accounts as a contribution for understanding the impact of forced disappearances and the approaches of searching for victims and relating to them. This task is undertaken in order to reconstruct a sense that may fill to some extent the emptiness left by the disappearance of a loved one, prolonging and reactivating their social existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Enforced disappearance is a violence that in its materiality configures, builds and produces geographic space. Thus, the spatial analyzes that are made of this, make it possible to show that its perpetration towards the being that suffers it, goes beyond a space merely conceived from the physical coordinates of the location of the places where it happens and the places where the victims disappeared in their mortal remains, their dimension also exceeds the moments of these events. In this sense, the materiality of this violence will present a complex amplification in a non-absolute space, since it is relativized by the experiential relations experienced, showing the production of territorialities from the possible multiplicities given in the territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociology & Technoscience / Sociología y Tecnociencia is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela Universitaria de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El Festival Internacional de Poesía de Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, dedicó su doceava edición a honrar la memoria y el recuerdo de las 45.000 personas desaparecidas durante el conflicto desarrollado entre las décadas de 1960 y 1990. Esta actividad literaria podría inscribirse en la denominada corriente del nuevo arte centroamericano, dedicada a reflexionar sobre los principales eventos sociales, políticos y culturales de la región. Este texto es una crónica sobre la relación entre poesía y memoria en el caso guatemalteco.

Desde las experiencias del Cono Sur latinoamericano de los años setenta, la categoría de desaparición se ha consolidado como tipo jurídico en el derecho internacional y ha circulado transnacionalmente recalando en varios contextos locales de violencia diferentes a aquellos en los que surgió. En México lo hizo con un ímpetu notable a partir de la llamada Guerra contra el Narcotráfico. A partir de entonces, y sobre aquel precedente de consolidación internacional, acuden a esa categoría una amplia variedad de víctimas que esa guerra genera; también una notable cantidad de saberes y profesiones. Pero, en su definición institucionalizada como desaparición forzada, la categoría no alcanza para dar cuenta de las nuevas situaciones de desaparición, pues no todos los casos entran en el tipo de la desaparición forzada. Entre aquel precedente y este exceso, el artículo aborda la cuestión de la desaparición en el México contemporáneo, un fenómeno todavía efervescente, realmente muy activo. Lo hace sobre los propios materiales que el trabajo de campo ha generado y está generando ahora, dando forma a una etnografía a cuatro manos que recorre distintos escenarios del país donde la desaparición se está (re)definiendo.

La desaparición forzada produce una incertidumbre radical. Las madres y los familiares de los desaparecidos canalizan su angustia y dolor hacia la creación de organizaciones de búsqueda, cuya justificación última es el reclamo de la verdad y la justicia. El texto consta de tres apartados. El primero expone los conceptos teóricos y los modelos etnográficos (desaparición forzada y maternidad); el segundo, diez semblanzas de madres y familiares de desaparecidos forzados; y el tercero, la voz de madres clasificada por temas.

Esta investigación se centra en analizar el fenómeno de las desapariciones forzadas dentro del marco teórico de la seguridad humana. Desde el enfoque epistemológico de este estudio es urgente construir una seguridad desde y para el ser humano; esto se traduce en determinarla a partir de los individuos sumergidos en sus pensamientos, emociones y en su ambiente cultural-social. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una investigación cualitativa con el objetivo de conocer cómo enfrenta la familia la desaparición de uno de sus miembros a través de una entrevista grupal-semiestructurada y una entrevista estructurada abierta. Los resultados reportan que cada participante reacciona con diferentes conductas y emociones ante la situación, pero la mayoría busca una red de apoyo para enfrentar la adversidad. Recibido: 26 noviembre 2018 Aceptado: 09 diciembre 2019 Publicación en línea: 20 diciembre 2019

En el centro clandestino de detención (CCD) de la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada (ESMA) funcionó un esquema especí­fico de salidas y entradas para los secuestrados/as que fueron parte del denominado “proceso de recuperación”. Esto implicó novedosas maneras de constituirse del “poder desaparecedor”. Tomando como fuente testimonios de sobrevivientes, el artí­culo estudia dichos desplazamientos hacia afuera de la ESMA, a partir de tres lógicas de funcionamiento del CCD: la represiva, la polí­tica y la económica. El análisis permite interrogar la noción de desaparición forzada y la circulación del “poder desaparecedor”, a la luz de las tramas espaciales y sociales construidas en el cautiverio en la ESMA, y permite desacoplar la noción de cautiverio de la de “encierro”, postulando que las articulaciones, tramas e intersecciones entre el espacio cotidiano del “afuera” y el espacio del “adentro” fueron funcionales al sistema desaparecedor instaurado por la Armada en ese CCD.

Reseña del libro Gatti, Gabriel (Editor), Desapariciones: usos locales, circulaciones globales, Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre Editores, Universidad de los Andes, 2017, 285 p.

En este artículo se presenta el análisis realizado a 24 sentencias de la Corte Europea de Derechos Humanos sobre casos de desaparición forzada de personas como aporte al marco jurídico internacional. Se decidió usar una serie de indicadores que permitieron comparar las diversas interpretaciones que ha hecho la Corte frente a las vulneraciones de derechos humanos, se prestó especial atención a los instrumentos internacionales que ha utilizado el alto Tribunal para abordar los casos de desaparición forzada, los factores temporales, espaciales y circunstanciales en los cuales se desarrolló la comisión del delito, la vulneración específica de derechos y la definición que asume el órgano jurisdiccional sobre este fenómeno.

El objetivo de este trabajo es repensar algunas de las nociones más asentadas para conceptualizar los centros clandestinos de detención argentinos, especialmente el énfasis casi exclusivo en la represión como destrucción en desmedro de otros aspectos. En contraste, en este texto pondremos el acento en mostrar otras formas complejas de la represión que, sin cuestionar el lugar de víctimas y victimarios ni la destrucción como objetivo, nos obliga a considerar más ampliamente el fenómeno represivo de la detención clandestina. Para ello, tomaremos el caso del centro clandestino que funcionó en la ESMA bajo la dictadura militar (1976-1983). Este centro tuvo una serie de funcionamientos y dinámicas particulares que adquirieron allí un importante desarrollo y autonomía pero que tampoco le fueron exclusivos y pueden observarse en otros espacios de detención argentinos aunque probablemente a una escala menor. Estas dinámicas, que nos interesa explorar porque expresan las formas más complejas que adquirió el sistema represivo y que hasta ahora han sido poco estudiadas, son las siguientes: a) la particular experiencia de “recuperación” de prisioneros; b) las relaciones entre prácticas y crímenes represivos y sus prolongaciones políticas nacionales e internacionales; y c) los delitos económicos en el marco de la represión política.

The aim of this article is to rethink some of the well-established notions regarding Argentinian clandestine detention centers, especially those with an almost exclusive focus on repression as destruction, at the expense of other aspects. This survey places emphasis on other complex forms of repression that, without questioning the role of victims and victimizers nor destruction as an aim, render necessary a more thorough analysis of the phenomenon of clandestine repression. To this purpose, this article takes the clandestine detention center located in ESMA (Navy Mechanics School) during the military dictatorship (1976-1983) as a case study. This center featured a number of specific operational dynamics that were further developed with a considerable degree of autonomy, but which were not exclusive, and so can be observed in other detention centers, though at a minor scale. These dynamics, which reflect more complex manifestations of the repressive apparatus and have so far been understudied, are here presented as follows: a) The particular experience of the "recovery" of prisoners; b) the relationships between practices and repressive crimes and their political extension at a national and international level; and c) financial crime in the context of political repression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociohistórica: Cuadernos del CISH is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanica Olomucensia is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nomadas (01217550) is the property of Universidad Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the counterinsurgency policy and the practice of enforced disappearance deployed by the Mexican State against dissident organizations, particularly guerrilla groups, during the seventies. Based on the analysis of national security documents and case studies, the article proposes a framework that is both explanatory and interpretative, characterizing the logic of counterinsurgency violence in a broadly way. Additionally, it highlights the shifts in the implementation of that violence. This study identifies the particularities of the politics of counterinsurgency in Mexico within the Latin America Cold War process, so that it can cease to be seen as an exceptional case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia Jurídica is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CES Derecho is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La reflexión que se presenta en este artículo se centra en las formas de expresión e incidencia política que las mujeres madres de desaparecidos han elaborado a partir de la apropiación de espacios de ciudad con fines de movilización en Medellín. Para lo anterior, se realizó el análisis de 6 casos de desaparición forzada sucedidos entre los años 1984 y 2011, a través de las historias de vida de las madres que a causa de la desaparición de familiares en el marco del conflicto armado, han configurado subjetividades políticas y de movilización social, liderando procesos de denuncia, y gestionando repertorios de acción colectiva que desarrollan la tensión entre las víctimas y los actores armados en los territorios.

Resumo Este artigo discute alguns efeitos sociais, políticos e psíquicos do desaparecimento forçado como efeito de estratégias utilizadas no período da ditadura militar brasileira. Tais estratégias, que se escoravam e se escoram na certeza da impunidade e na indiferença diante das vítimas e dos sobreviventes, se presentificam hoje no agravo do sofrimento dos familiares ainda vivos, preservado pela letargia do Estado brasileiro, após o fim do período ditatorial, diante dos deveres em cumprir as principais resoluções internacionais de direitos humanos, relativas ao combate ao desaparecimento forçado de pessoas. Reconhecemos na elaboração onírica traços, pistas e pegadas de experiências que teimam em persistir e que ainda buscam seu estatuto linguageiro e seu reconhecimento social 50 anos após o golpe civil-militar no país.

ResumoObjetiva-se compreender as implicações psicossociais da elaboração da experiência traumática em familiares de desaparecidos forçados do conflito armado colombiano, a partir de uma perspectiva histórico-cultural da Psicologia Social. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa abordagem qualitativa de estudo de casos múltiplos. Utilizaram-se um instrumento de complementação de frases, entrevistas em profundidade e grupos de discussão. A análise das informações foi realizada em uma unidade hermenêutica no programa Atlas-ti 6.2. Depreende-se que os familiares de desaparecidos forçados permanecem em um estado de enlutamento, o que produz uma fratura na memória pela incerteza sobre o que ocorreu com o ente querido e, ao mesmo tempo, constroem sentidos contraditórios a respeito do Estado e dos grupos armados. Concluiu-se que a possibilidade de elaboração do luto envolve dimensões individuais, sociais e institucionais. Enfim, grupos armados, sociedade e Estado têm uma função fundamental na tentativa de significação da experiência traumática.

En este artículo se propone un análisis de la desaparición de personas como un hecho sociohistórico que se ha transformado sustancialmente en las últimas dos décadas en México, tanto en la práctica como en el discurso, con el paso de un contexto de guerra sucia a un contexto de guerra contra las drogas. Las desapariciones, que antes se explicaban bajo el marco de la represión política, hoy ofrecen contornos menos claros sobre motivos y actores asociados al fenómeno. Este documento es fruto de un trabajo de campo cualitativo de más de cinco años en la ciudad de Tijuana, y de revisión documental y hemerográfica que recoge textos desde inicios de la década de 1990. La información recabada indica que las disputas simbólicas actuales en el campo de la desaparición, empujadas principalmente por los movimientos de víctimas, están ampliando los marcos de reconocimiento en torno a la desaparición de personas en contextos de violencia criminal.

Un principio bien establecido en el derecho internacional reconoce que los tratados se aplican a actos, hechos o situaciones producidos con posterioridad a su entrada en vigor. La justificación que subyace a este principio es el de seguridad jurídica porque la irretroactividad sobre la aplicación temporal de un tratado evita la incertidumbre. La desaparición forzada de personas, en tanto que delito de naturaleza continuada o permanente mientras no se esclarezca la suerte y el paradero de la persona desaparecida, afecta dicho principio y ha conducido a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos a habilitar su competencia temporal respecto de hechos originados antes de la entrada en vigor de un tratado e incluso a reconocer la eventual responsabilidad internacional del Estado de ellos derivada. Este artículo sostiene que se trata de una interpretación correcta de la Corte basada en la especial naturaleza del delito y respetuosa del pact sunt servanda porque no estamos en presencia de una aplicación retroactiva del tratado sino de una aplicación inmediata del mismo.