401 results on '"de Vries, Franciska"'
Search Results
102. Eating from the same plate? Revisiting the role of labile carbon inputs in the soil food web
- Author
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de Vries, Franciska T. and Caruso, Tancredi
- Subjects
Bacteria ,Soil food web ,Food web interactions ,Fungi ,Soil Science ,Root exudates ,Microbiology ,Article ,Modelling - Abstract
An increasing number of empirical studies are challenging the central fundamentals on which the classical soil food web model is built. This model assumes that bacteria consume labile substrates twice as fast as fungi, and that mycorrhizal fungi do not decompose organic matter. Here, we build on emerging evidence that points to significant consumption of labile C by fungi, and to the ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi to decompose organic matter, to show that labile C constitutes a major and presently underrated source of C for the soil food web. We use a simple model describing the dynamics of a recalcitrant and a labile C pool and their consumption by fungi and bacteria to show that fungal and bacterial populations can coexist in a stable state with large inputs into the labile C pool and a high fungal use of labile C. We propose a new conceptual model for the bottom trophic level of the soil food web, with organic C consisting of a continuous pool rather than two or three distinct pools, and saprotrophic fungi using substantial amounts of labile C. Incorporation of these concepts will increase our understanding of soil food web dynamics and functioning under changing conditions., Graphical abstract, Highlights • The fundamental assumptions in the classical soil food web are being challenged. • We argue that labile C forms a large and dynamic C input to the soil food. • We show that fungi and bacteria can coexist with significant fungal labile C use. • We propose a new labile C driven conceptual model based on these findings. • These concepts will increase our understanding of soil food web dynamics.
- Published
- 2016
103. Soil organic carbon dynamics matching ecological equilibrium theory
- Author
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Caruso, Tancredi, primary, De Vries, Franciska T., additional, Bardgett, Richard D., additional, and Lehmann, Johannes, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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104. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
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Bjorkman, Anne D., primary, Myers-Smith, Isla H., additional, Elmendorf, Sarah C., additional, Normand, Signe, additional, Rüger, Nadja, additional, Beck, Pieter S. A., additional, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, additional, Blok, Daan, additional, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Georges, Damien, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Guay, Kevin C., additional, Henry, Gregory H. R., additional, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, additional, Hollister, Robert D., additional, Karger, Dirk N., additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Manning, Peter, additional, Prevéy, Janet S., additional, Rixen, Christian, additional, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, additional, Thomas, Haydn J. D., additional, Vellend, Mark, additional, Wilmking, Martin, additional, Wipf, Sonja, additional, Carbognani, Michele, additional, Hermanutz, Luise, additional, Lévesque, Esther, additional, Molau, Ulf, additional, Petraglia, Alessandro, additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., additional, Spasojevic, Marko J., additional, Tomaselli, Marcello, additional, Vowles, Tage, additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Alexander, Heather D., additional, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, additional, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, additional, Beest, Mariska te, additional, Berner, Logan, additional, Björk, Robert G., additional, Buchwal, Agata, additional, Buras, Allan, additional, Christie, Katherine, additional, Cooper, Elisabeth J., additional, Dullinger, Stefan, additional, Elberling, Bo, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Frei, Esther R., additional, Grau, Oriol, additional, Grogan, Paul, additional, Hallinger, Martin, additional, Harper, Karen A., additional, Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., additional, Hudson, James, additional, Hülber, Karl, additional, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, additional, Iversen, Colleen M., additional, Jaroszynska, Francesca, additional, Johnstone, Jill F., additional, Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, additional, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, additional, Klady, Rebecca, additional, Kuleza, Sara, additional, Kulonen, Aino, additional, Lamarque, Laurent J., additional, Lantz, Trevor, additional, Little, Chelsea J., additional, Speed, James D. M., additional, Michelsen, Anders, additional, Milbau, Ann, additional, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, additional, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, additional, Ninot, Josep M., additional, Oberbauer, Steven F., additional, Olofsson, Johan, additional, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., additional, Rumpf, Sabine B., additional, Semenchuk, Philipp, additional, Shetti, Rohan, additional, Collier, Laura Siegwart, additional, Street, Lorna E., additional, Suding, Katharine N., additional, Tape, Ken D., additional, Trant, Andrew, additional, Treier, Urs A., additional, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, additional, Tremblay, Maxime, additional, Venn, Susanna, additional, Weijers, Stef, additional, Zamin, Tara, additional, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, additional, Gould, William A., additional, Hik, David S., additional, Hofgaard, Annika, additional, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., additional, Jorgenson, Janet, additional, Klein, Julia, additional, Magnusson, Borgthor, additional, Tweedie, Craig, additional, Wookey, Philip A., additional, Bahn, Michael, additional, Blonder, Benjamin, additional, van Bodegom, Peter M., additional, Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin, additional, Campetella, Giandiego, additional, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., additional, Chapin, F. Stuart, additional, Cornwell, William K., additional, Craine, Joseph, additional, Dainese, Matteo, additional, de Vries, Franciska T., additional, Díaz, Sandra, additional, Enquist, Brian J., additional, Green, Walton, additional, Milla, Ruben, additional, Niinemets, Ülo, additional, Onoda, Yusuke, additional, Ordoñez, Jenny C., additional, Ozinga, Wim A., additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Poorter, Hendrik, additional, Poschlod, Peter, additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Sandel, Brody, additional, Schamp, Brandon, additional, Sheremetev, Serge, additional, and Weiher, Evan, additional
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- 2018
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105. Plant attributes explain the distribution of soil microbial communities in two contrasting regions of the globe
- Author
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Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel, primary, Fry, Ellen L., additional, Eldridge, David J., additional, de Vries, Franciska T., additional, Manning, Peter, additional, Hamonts, Kelly, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Boenisch, Gerhard, additional, Singh, Brajesh K., additional, and Bardgett, Richard D., additional
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- 2018
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106. Detecting macroecological patterns in bacterial communities across independent studies of global soils
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Ramirez, Kelly S., primary, Knight, Christopher G., additional, de Hollander, Mattias, additional, Brearley, Francis Q., additional, Constantinides, Bede, additional, Cotton, Anne, additional, Creer, Si, additional, Crowther, Thomas W., additional, Davison, John, additional, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, additional, Dorrepaal, Ellen, additional, Elliott, David R., additional, Fox, Graeme, additional, Griffiths, Robert I., additional, Hale, Chris, additional, Hartman, Kyle, additional, Houlden, Ashley, additional, Jones, David L., additional, Krab, Eveline J., additional, Maestre, Fernando T., additional, McGuire, Krista L., additional, Monteux, Sylvain, additional, Orr, Caroline H., additional, van der Putten, Wim H., additional, Roberts, Ian S., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Rocca, Jennifer D., additional, Rowntree, Jennifer, additional, Schlaeppi, Klaus, additional, Shepherd, Matthew, additional, Singh, Brajesh K., additional, Straathof, Angela L., additional, Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., additional, Thion, Cécile, additional, van der Heijden, Marcel G. A., additional, and de Vries, Franciska T., additional
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- 2017
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107. Detecting macroecological patterns in bacterial communities across independent studies of global soils
- Author
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Plant Microbe Interactions, Sub Plant-Microbe Interactions, Ramirez, Kelly S., Knight, Christopher G., de Hollander, Mattias, Brearley, Francis Q., Constantinides, Bede, Cotton, Anne, Creer, Si, Crowther, Thomas W., Davison, John, Delgado-baquerizo, Manuel, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Elliott, David R., Fox, Graeme, Griffiths, Robert I., Hale, Chris, Hartman, Kyle, Houlden, Ashley, Jones, David L., Krab, Eveline J., Maestre, Fernando T., Mcguire, Krista L., Monteux, Sylvain, Orr, Caroline H., Van Der Putten, Wim H., Roberts, Ian S., Robinson, David A., Rocca, Jennifer D., Rowntree, Jennifer, Schlaeppi, Klaus, Shepherd, Matthew, Singh, Brajesh K., Straathof, Angela L., Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., Thion, Cécile, Van Der Heijden, Marcel G. A., De Vries, Franciska T., Plant Microbe Interactions, Sub Plant-Microbe Interactions, Ramirez, Kelly S., Knight, Christopher G., de Hollander, Mattias, Brearley, Francis Q., Constantinides, Bede, Cotton, Anne, Creer, Si, Crowther, Thomas W., Davison, John, Delgado-baquerizo, Manuel, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Elliott, David R., Fox, Graeme, Griffiths, Robert I., Hale, Chris, Hartman, Kyle, Houlden, Ashley, Jones, David L., Krab, Eveline J., Maestre, Fernando T., Mcguire, Krista L., Monteux, Sylvain, Orr, Caroline H., Van Der Putten, Wim H., Roberts, Ian S., Robinson, David A., Rocca, Jennifer D., Rowntree, Jennifer, Schlaeppi, Klaus, Shepherd, Matthew, Singh, Brajesh K., Straathof, Angela L., Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., Thion, Cécile, Van Der Heijden, Marcel G. A., and De Vries, Franciska T.
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- 2017
108. Legacy effects of drought on plant-soil feedbacks and plant-plant interactions
- Author
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Kaisermann, Aurore, de Vries, Franciska T., Griffiths, Robert I., Bardgett, Richard D., Kaisermann, Aurore, de Vries, Franciska T., Griffiths, Robert I., and Bardgett, Richard D.
- Abstract
• Interactions between aboveground and belowground biota have the potential to modify ecosystem responses to climate change, yet little is known about how drought influences plant–soil feedbacks with respect to microbial mediation of plant community dynamics. • We tested the hypothesis that drought modifies plant–soil feedback with consequences for plant competition. We measured net pairwise plant–soil feedbacks for two grassland plant species grown in monoculture and competition in soils that had or had not been subjected to a previous drought; these were then exposed to a subsequent drought. To investigate the mechanisms involved, we assessed treatment responses of soil microbial communities and nutrient availability. • We found that previous drought had a legacy effect on bacterial and fungal community composition that decreased plant growth in conspecific soils and had knock-on effects for plant competitive interactions. Moreover, plant and microbial responses to subsequent drought were dependent on a legacy effect of the previous drought on plant–soil interactions. • We show that drought has lasting effects on belowground communities with consequences for plant–soil feedbacks and plant–plant interactions. This suggests that drought, which is predicted to increase in frequency with climate change, may change soil functioning and plant community composition via the modification of plant–soil feedbacks.
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- 2017
109. Mapping local and global variability in plant trait distributions
- Author
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Butler, Ethan E., Datta, Abhirup, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Chen, Ming, Wythers, Kirk R., Fazayeli, Farideh, Banerjee, Arindam, Atkin, Owen K., Kattge, Jens, Amiaud, Bernard, Blonder, Benjamin, Boenisch, Gerhard, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Brown, Kerry A., Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E.L., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Craine, Joseph M., Craven, Dylan, De Vries, Franciska T., Díaz, Sandra, Domingues, Tomas F., Forey, Estelle, González-Melo, Andrés, Gross, Nicolas, Han, Wenxuan, Hattingh, Wesley N., Hickler, Thomas, Jansen, Steven, Kramer, Koen, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kurokawa, Hiroko, Laughlin, Daniel C., Meir, Patrick, Minden, Vanessa, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Read, Quentin, Sack, Lawren, Schamp, Brandon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Sosinski, Enio, Thornton, Peter E., Valladares, Fernando, Van Bodegom, Peter M., Williams, Mathew, Wirth, Christian, Reich, Peter B., Schlesinger, William H., Butler, Ethan E., Datta, Abhirup, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Chen, Ming, Wythers, Kirk R., Fazayeli, Farideh, Banerjee, Arindam, Atkin, Owen K., Kattge, Jens, Amiaud, Bernard, Blonder, Benjamin, Boenisch, Gerhard, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Brown, Kerry A., Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E.L., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Craine, Joseph M., Craven, Dylan, De Vries, Franciska T., Díaz, Sandra, Domingues, Tomas F., Forey, Estelle, González-Melo, Andrés, Gross, Nicolas, Han, Wenxuan, Hattingh, Wesley N., Hickler, Thomas, Jansen, Steven, Kramer, Koen, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kurokawa, Hiroko, Laughlin, Daniel C., Meir, Patrick, Minden, Vanessa, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Read, Quentin, Sack, Lawren, Schamp, Brandon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Sosinski, Enio, Thornton, Peter E., Valladares, Fernando, Van Bodegom, Peter M., Williams, Mathew, Wirth, Christian, Reich, Peter B., and Schlesinger, William H.
- Abstract
Our ability to understand and predict the response of ecosystems to a changing environment depends on quantifying vegetation functional diversity. However, representing this diversity at the global scale is challenging. Typically, in Earth system models, characterization of plant diversity has been limited to grouping related species into plant functional types (PFTs), with all trait variation in a PFT collapsed into a single mean value that is applied globally. Using the largest global plant trait database and state of the art Bayesian modeling, we created fine-grained global maps of plant trait distributions that can be applied to Earth system models. Focusing on a set of plant traits closely coupled to photosynthesis and foliar respiration - specific leaf area (SLA) and dry mass-based concentrations of leaf nitrogen (Nm) and phosphorus (Pm), we characterize how traits vary within and among over 50,000 ∼50×50-km cells across the entire vegetated land surface. We do this in several ways - without defining the PFT of each grid cell and using 4 or 14 PFTs; each model's predictions are evaluated against out-of-sample data. This endeavor advances prior trait mapping by generating global maps that preserve variability across scales by using modern Bayesian spatial statistical modeling in combination with a database over three times larger than that in previous analyses. Our maps reveal that the most diverse grid cells possess trait variability close to the range of global PFT means.
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- 2017
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110. Plant community controls on short-term ecosystem nitrogen retention
- Author
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De Vries, Franciska and Bardgett, Richard
- Subjects
fungi ,food and beverages ,complex mixtures - Abstract
Retention of nitrogen (N) is a critical ecosystem function, especially in the face of widespread anthropogenic N enrichment; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved is limited. Here, we tested under glasshouse conditions how plant community attributes, including variations in the dominance, diversity and range of plant functional traits, influence N uptake and retention in temperate grassland. We added a pulse of 15N to grassland plant communities assembled to represent a range of community-weighted mean plant traits, trait functional diversity and divergence, and species richness, and measured plant and microbial uptake of 15N, and leaching losses of 15N, as a short-term test of N retention in the plant–soil system. Root biomass, herb abundance and dominant plant traits were the main determinants of N retention in the plant–soil system: greater root biomass and herb abundance, and lower root tissue density, increased plant 15N uptake, while higher specific leaf area and root tissue density increased microbial 15N uptake. Our results provide novel, mechanistic insight into the short-term fate of N in the plant–soil system, and show that dominant plant traits, rather than trait functional diversity, control the fate of added N in the plant–soil system.
- Published
- 2016
111. Legacy effects of drought on plant–soil feedbacks and plant–plant interactions
- Author
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Kaisermann, Aurore, primary, de Vries, Franciska T., additional, Griffiths, Robert I., additional, and Bardgett, Richard D., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
112. Eating from the same plate? Revisiting the role of labile carbon inputs in the soil food web
- Author
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de Vries, Franciska T., primary and Caruso, Tancredi, additional
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- 2016
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113. Plant host identity and soil macronutrients explain little variation in sapling endophyte community composition: Is disturbance an alternative explanation?
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Griffin, Eric A., Harrison, Joshua G., Kembel, Steven W., Carrell, Alyssa A., Joseph Wright, S., Carson, Walter P., and de Vries, Franciska
- Subjects
SOIL composition ,HOST plants ,ECOLOGICAL disturbances ,FERTILIZERS ,BIOTIC communities ,SOILS ,BACTERIAL communities - Abstract
Bacterial endophytes may be fairly host‐specific; nonetheless, an important subset of taxa may be shared among numerous host species forming a community‐wide core microbiome. Moreover, other key factors, particularly the supply of limiting macronutrients and disturbances, may supersede the importance of host identity.We tested the following four non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses: (a) The Host Identity Hypothesis: endophytes vary substantially among different host‐plant species. (b) The Core Microbiome Hypothesis: a subset of microbial taxa will be shared among all host‐plant species. (c). The Soil Resource Supply Hypothesis: endophytes vary substantially among habitats with experimentally elevated levels of macronutrients. (d) The Disturbance–Disruption Hypothesis: disturbances created by the periodic application of antibiotics structure bacterial endophyte communities.We tested these hypotheses by characterizing endophytes using high‐throughput sequencing among seedlings of five phylogenetically diverse tree species nested within a long‐term, full factorial nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium soil fertilization experiment. We artificially disturbed one of our focal species by applying antibiotics every 10–14 days for 29 months within the soil (N, P, K) fertilization experiment.While we detected a significant effect of host identity and soil nutrient additions, together they explained little variation in endophyte community composition (<10%). We found unequivocal evidence for a core microbiome shared by all species. Specifically, we inferred that nine OTUs were present among 95% or more of all control saplings, representing a third of the total reads. These bacterial taxa belonged to the Actinobacteria.In contrast, disturbance (antibiotics) explained more endophyte variation than all nutrient addition combinations combined and twice the variation explained by host identity for all five tree species.Synthesis. Our results challenge the idea that host identity is a primary filter shaping bacterial endophyte communities; this suggests that many of the same bacterial taxa occur inside plant hosts even if those host plants are phylogenetically diverse. Moreover, we documented a distinct core microbiome shared among our five focal tree species. Finally, we found that disturbance rather than host identity and soil nutrient availability was an important driver of microbial community composition, which parallels the importance of disturbance in other areas of community ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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114. Nitrogen recycling in coupled green and brown food webs: Weak effects of herbivory and detritivory when nitrogen passes through soil.
- Author
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Buchkowski, Robert W., Schmitz, Oswald J., Bradford, Mark A., and de Vries, Franciska
- Subjects
NITROGEN in soils ,FOOD chains ,PLANT communities ,NUTRIENT cycles ,PLANT growth - Abstract
The study of coupled green and brown food webs has improved our ability to understand how nutrient cycling and plant communities respond to perturbations. Yet, it is still difficult to predict how rapidly and consistently changes in one food web propagate to the other. An area of particular uncertainty is the response of plants to the changes in leaf litter nitrogen release caused by herbivores and detritivores.We combined a field experiment and theoretical analysis to assess how herbivory, fertilization, and detritivory changed leaf litter nitrogen release and plant growth. We produced leaf litter in greenhouse cages with a factorial combination of grasshopper herbivory and additional nitrogen fertilizer. Our experiment used the resulting 15N‐labelled leaf litter to measure isopod litter consumption, litter nitrogen release, and plant nitrogen uptake in the field. We then used a dynamical systems model to distinguish whether plant growth relied (a) directly on litter nitrogen release or (b) on other nitrogen pathways so that changes in litter nitrogen release have little immediate impact.Our empirical results show that the effect of nitrogen fertilization on isopod processing of leaf litter was stronger than the effect of herbivory. Regardless, the available soil nitrogen and plant growth were independent of litter nitrogen release. Our dynamical model attributes the independence to other nitrogen sources and sinks, which buffer the plant‐available nitrogen pool. Isopods and litter with a history of herbivory reduced above‐ground plant growth when we accounted for initial field mesocosm conditions, especially the abundance of the competitively dominant goldenrods. Consequently, the impact of isopods and litter traits do propagate to influence plant growth, but do not have a large enough effect to overcome initial differences in plant biomass and community composition in one year.Synthesis. Our results indicate animals in green and brown food webs can alter plant litter nitrogen release without any significant nutrient recycling effect on plant growth. Considering the availability of external and soil‐based nitrogen sources, as well as the current plant community and microbial biomass, may be critical to determining when plant growth will respond to animal‐mediated changes in litter decomposition. Animals in green and brown food chains altered plant litter nitrogen release but not plant growth. The exchange of nitrogen with external or slow cycling pools, as captured by a diffuse cycling model, can explain why litter decomposition and plant growth were decoupled. Considering these other nitrogen pools and the current ecosystem state may help to predict animal‐mediated changes in ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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115. Knowledge needs, available practices, and future challenges in agricultural soils
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Key, Georgina, Whitfield, Michael George, Cooper, Julia, De Vries, Franciska Trijntje, Collison, Martin, Dedousis, Thanasis, Heathcote, Richard, Roth, Brendan, Mohammed, Shamal, Molyneux, Andrew, Van der Putten, Wim H., Dicks, Lynn V., Sutherland, William J., Bardgett, Richard David, Key, Georgina, Whitfield, Michael George, Cooper, Julia, De Vries, Franciska Trijntje, Collison, Martin, Dedousis, Thanasis, Heathcote, Richard, Roth, Brendan, Mohammed, Shamal, Molyneux, Andrew, Van der Putten, Wim H., Dicks, Lynn V., Sutherland, William J., and Bardgett, Richard David
- Abstract
The goal of this study is to clarify research needs and identify effective practices for enhancing soil health. This was done by a synopsis of soil literature that specifically tests practices designed to maintain or enhance elements of soil health. Using an expert panel of soil scientists and practitioners, we then assessed the evidence in the soil synopsis to highlight practices beneficial to soil health, practices considered detrimental, and practices that need further investigation. A partial Spearman's correlation was used to analyse the panel's responses. We found that increased certainty in scientific evidence led to practices being considered to be more effective due to them being empirically justified. This suggests that for practices to be considered effective and put into practice, a substantial body of research is needed to support the effectiveness of the practice. This is further supported by the high proportion of practices (33 %), such as changing the timing of ploughing or amending the soil with crops grown as green manures, that experts felt had unknown effectiveness, usually due to insufficiently robust evidence. Only 7 of the 27 reviewed practices were considered to be beneficial, or likely to be beneficial in enhancing soil health. These included the use of (1) integrated nutrient management (organic and inorganic amendments); (2) cover crops; (3) crop rotations; (4) intercropping between crop rows or underneath the main crop; (5) formulated chemical compounds (such as nitrification inhibitors); (6) control of traffic and traffic timing; and (7) reducing grazing intensity. Our assessment, which uses the Delphi technique, is increasingly used to improve decision-making in conservation and agricultural policy, identified practices that can be put into practice to benefit soil health. Moreover, it has enabled us to identify practices that need further research and a need for increased communication between researchers, policy-makers, and practition
- Published
- 2016
116. Grassland species root response to drought:consequences for soil carbon and nitrogen availability
- Author
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De Vries, Franciska Trijntje, Brown, Caley, Stevens, Carly Joanne, De Vries, Franciska Trijntje, Brown, Caley, and Stevens, Carly Joanne
- Abstract
Background and Aims Root traits are increasingly used to predict how plants modify soil processes. Here, we assessed how drought-induced changes in root systems of four common grassland species affected C and N availability in soil. We hypothesized that drought would promote resource-conservative root traits such as high root tissue density (RTD) and low specific root length (SRL), and that these changes would result in higher soil N availability through decreased root N uptake, but lower C availability through reduced root exudation. Methods We subjected individual plants to drought under controlled conditions, and compared the response of their root biomass, root traits, and soil C and N availability, to control individuals. Results Drought affected most root traits through reducing root biomass. Only SRL and RTD displayed plasticity; drought reduced SRL, and increased RTD in small plants but decreased RTD in larger plants. Reduced root biomass and a shift towards more resource-conservative root traits increased soil inorganic N availability but did not directly affect soil C availability. Conclusions These findings identify mechanisms through which drought-induced changes in root systems affect soil C and N availability, and contribute to our understanding of how root traits modify soil processes in a changing world.
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- 2016
117. Knowledge needs, available actions and future challenges in agricultural soils
- Author
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Key, Georgina, Whitfield, Mike G., Cooper, Julia, de Vries, Franciska T., Collison, Martin, Dedousis, Thanasis, Heathcote, Richard, Roth, Brendan, Mohammed, Shamal, Molyneux, Andrew, van der Putten, W.H., Dicks, L.V., Sutherland, W.J., Bardgett, R.D., Key, Georgina, Whitfield, Mike G., Cooper, Julia, de Vries, Franciska T., Collison, Martin, Dedousis, Thanasis, Heathcote, Richard, Roth, Brendan, Mohammed, Shamal, Molyneux, Andrew, van der Putten, W.H., Dicks, L.V., Sutherland, W.J., and Bardgett, R.D.
- Abstract
The goal of this study is to clarify research needs and identify effective practices for enhancing soilhealth. This was done by a synopsis of soil literature that specifically tests practices designed to maintain orenhance elements of soil health. Using an expert panel of soil scientists and practitioners, we then assessed theevidence in the soil synopsis to highlight practices beneficial to soil health, practices considered detrimental,and practices that need further investigation. A partial Spearman’s correlation was used to analyse the panel’sresponses. We found that increased certainty in scientific evidence led to practices being considered to be moreeffective due to them being empirically justified. This suggests that for practices to be considered effective andput into practice, a substantial body of research is needed to support the effectiveness of the practice. Thisis further supported by the high proportion of practices (33 %), such as changing the timing of ploughing oramending the soil with crops grown as green manures, that experts felt had unknown effectiveness, usuallydue to insufficiently robust evidence. Only 7 of the 27 reviewed practices were considered to be beneficial, orlikely to be beneficial in enhancing soil health. These included the use of (1) integrated nutrient management(organic and inorganic amendments); (2) cover crops; (3) crop rotations; (4) intercropping between crop rows orunderneath the main crop; (5) formulated chemical compounds (such as nitrification inhibitors); (6) control oftraffic and traffic timing; and (7) reducing grazing intensity. Our assessment, which uses the Delphi technique,is increasingly used to improve decision-making in conservation and agricultural policy, identified practices thatcan be put into practice to benefit soil health. Moreover, it has enabled us to identify practices that need furtherresearch and a need for increased communication between researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners, in orderto f
- Published
- 2016
118. Knowledge needs, available practices, and future challenges in agricultural soils
- Author
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Key, Georgina, primary, Whitfield, Mike G., additional, Cooper, Julia, additional, De Vries, Franciska T., additional, Collison, Martin, additional, Dedousis, Thanasis, additional, Heathcote, Richard, additional, Roth, Brendan, additional, Mohammed, Shamal, additional, Molyneux, Andrew, additional, Van der Putten, Wim H., additional, Dicks, Lynn V., additional, Sutherland, William J., additional, and Bardgett, Richard D., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
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119. Knowledge needs, available actions and future challenges in agricultural soils
- Author
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Key, Georgina, primary, Whitfield, Mike G., additional, Cooper, Julia, additional, De Vries, Franciska T., additional, Collison, Martin, additional, Dedousis, Thanasis, additional, Heathcote, Richard, additional, Roth, Brendan, additional, Shamal, S. A. M., additional, Molyneux, Andrew, additional, Van der Putten, Wim H., additional, Dicks, Lynn V., additional, Sutherland, William J., additional, and Bardgett, Richard D., additional
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- 2016
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120. Supplementary material to "Knowledge needs, available actions and future challenges in agricultural soils"
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Key, Georgina, primary, Whitfield, Mike G., additional, Cooper, Julia, additional, De Vries, Franciska T., additional, Collison, Martin, additional, Dedousis, Thanasis, additional, Heathcote, Richard, additional, Roth, Brendan, additional, Shamal, S. A. M., additional, Molyneux, Andrew, additional, Van der Putten, Wim H., additional, Dicks, Lynn V., additional, Sutherland, William J., additional, and Bardgett, Richard D., additional
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- 2016
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121. Towards a global platform for linking soil biodiversity data
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Ramirez, Kelly S, Döring, Markus, Eisenhauer, Nio, Gardi, Ciro, Ladau, Josh, Leff, Jonathan W, Lentendu, Guillaume, Lindo, Zoë, Rillig, Matthias C, Russell, David, Scheu, Stefan, St. John, Mark G, de Vries, Franciska T, Wubet, Tesfaye, van der Putten, Wim H, Wall, Diana H, Ramirez, Kelly S, Döring, Markus, Eisenhauer, Nio, Gardi, Ciro, Ladau, Josh, Leff, Jonathan W, Lentendu, Guillaume, Lindo, Zoë, Rillig, Matthias C, Russell, David, Scheu, Stefan, St. John, Mark G, de Vries, Franciska T, Wubet, Tesfaye, van der Putten, Wim H, and Wall, Diana H
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Soil biodiversity is immense, with an estimated 10-100 million organisms belonging to over 5000 taxa in a handful of soil. In spite of the importance of soil biodiversity for ecosystem functions and services, information on soil species, from taxonomy to biogeographical patterns, is incomplete and there is no infrastructure to connect pre-existing or future data. Here, we propose a global platform to allow for greater access to soil biodiversity information by linking databases and repositories through a single open portal. The proposed platform would for the first time, link data on soil organisms from different global sites and biomes, and will be inclusive of all data types, from molecular sequences to morphology measurements and other supporting information. Access to soil biodiversity species records and information will be instrumental to progressing scientific research and education. Further, as demonstrated by previous biodiversity synthesis efforts, data availability is key for adapting to, and creating mitigation plans in response to global changes. With the rapid influx of soil biodiversity data, now is the time to take the first steps forward in establishing a global soil biodiversity information platform.
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- 2015
122. Intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity across Europe
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Tsiafouli, Maria A., Thébault, Elisa, Sgardelis, Stefanos P., De Ruiter, Peter C., Van Der Putten, Wim H., Birkhofer, Klaus, Hemerik, Lia, De Vries, Franciska T., Bardgett, Richard D., Brady, Mark Vincent, Bjornlund, Lisa, Jørgensen, Helene Bracht, Christensen, Sören, D'Hertefeldt, Tina, Hotes, Stefan, Hol, W.H. Gera, Frouz, Jan, Liiri, Mira, Mortimer, Simon R., Setälä, Heikki, Tzanopoulos, Joseph, Uteseny, Karoline, Pižl, Václav, Stary, Josef, Wolters, Volkmar, Hedlund, Katarina, Tsiafouli, Maria A., Thébault, Elisa, Sgardelis, Stefanos P., De Ruiter, Peter C., Van Der Putten, Wim H., Birkhofer, Klaus, Hemerik, Lia, De Vries, Franciska T., Bardgett, Richard D., Brady, Mark Vincent, Bjornlund, Lisa, Jørgensen, Helene Bracht, Christensen, Sören, D'Hertefeldt, Tina, Hotes, Stefan, Hol, W.H. Gera, Frouz, Jan, Liiri, Mira, Mortimer, Simon R., Setälä, Heikki, Tzanopoulos, Joseph, Uteseny, Karoline, Pižl, Václav, Stary, Josef, Wolters, Volkmar, and Hedlund, Katarina
- Abstract
Soil biodiversity plays a key role in regulating the processes that underpin the delivery of ecosystem goods and services in terrestrial ecosystems. Agricultural intensification is known to change the diversity of individual groups of soil biota, but less is known about how intensification affects biodiversity of the soil food web as a whole, and whether or not these effects may be generalized across regions. We examined biodiversity in soil food webs from grasslands, extensive and intensive rotations in four agricultural regions across Europe: in Sweden, the UK, the Czech Republic and Greece. Effects of land use intensity were quantified based on structure and diversity among functional groups in the soil food web, as well as on community-weighted mean body mass of soil fauna. We also elucidate land use intensity effects on diversity of taxonomic units within taxonomic groups of soil fauna. We found that between regions soil food web diversity measures were variable, but that increasing land use intensity caused highly consistent responses. In particular, land use intensification reduced the complexity in the soil food webs, as well as the community-weighted mean body mass of soil fauna. In all regions across Europe, species richness of earthworms, Collembolans and oribatid mites was negatively affected by increased land use intensity. The taxonomic distinctness, which is a measure of taxonomic relatedness of species in a community that is independent of species richness, was also reduced by land use intensification. We conclude that intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity, making soil food webs less diverse and composed of smaller bodied organisms. Land use intensification results in fewer functional groups of soil biota with fewer and taxonomically more closely related species. We discuss how these changes in soil biodiversity due to land use intensification may threaten the functioning of soil in agricultural production systems. This article is protected
- Published
- 2015
123. Toward a global platform for linking soil biodiversity data
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Ramirez, Kelly S., primary, Döring, Markus, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Gardi, Ciro, additional, Ladau, Josh, additional, Leff, Jonathan W., additional, Lentendu, Guillaume, additional, Lindo, Zoë, additional, Rillig, Matthias C., additional, Russell, David, additional, Scheu, Stefan, additional, St. John, Mark G., additional, de Vries, Franciska T., additional, Wubet, Tesfaye, additional, van der Putten, Wim H., additional, and Wall, Diana H., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. Intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity across Europe
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Tsiafouli, Maria A., Thébault, Elisa, Sgardelis, Stefanos P., de Ruiter, Peter C., van der Putten, Wim H., Birkhofer, Klaus, Hemerik, Lia, de Vries, Franciska T., Bardgett, Richard D., Brady, Mark Vincent, Bjornlund, Lisa, Jørgensen, Helene Bracht, Christensen, Sören, D'Hertefeldt, Tina, Hotes, Stefan, Gera Hol, W.H., Frouz, Jan, Liiri, Mira, Mortimer, Simon R., Setälä, Heikki, Tzanopoulos, Joseph, Uteseny, Karoline, Pižl, Václav, Stary, Josef, Wolters, Volkmar, Hedlund, Katarina, Tsiafouli, Maria A., Thébault, Elisa, Sgardelis, Stefanos P., de Ruiter, Peter C., van der Putten, Wim H., Birkhofer, Klaus, Hemerik, Lia, de Vries, Franciska T., Bardgett, Richard D., Brady, Mark Vincent, Bjornlund, Lisa, Jørgensen, Helene Bracht, Christensen, Sören, D'Hertefeldt, Tina, Hotes, Stefan, Gera Hol, W.H., Frouz, Jan, Liiri, Mira, Mortimer, Simon R., Setälä, Heikki, Tzanopoulos, Joseph, Uteseny, Karoline, Pižl, Václav, Stary, Josef, Wolters, Volkmar, and Hedlund, Katarina
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. Intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity across Europe
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Tsiafouli, Maria A., primary, Thébault, Elisa, additional, Sgardelis, Stefanos P., additional, de Ruiter, Peter C., additional, van der Putten, Wim H., additional, Birkhofer, Klaus, additional, Hemerik, Lia, additional, de Vries, Franciska T., additional, Bardgett, Richard D., additional, Brady, Mark Vincent, additional, Bjornlund, Lisa, additional, Jørgensen, Helene Bracht, additional, Christensen, Sören, additional, Hertefeldt, Tina D’, additional, Hotes, Stefan, additional, Gera Hol, W.H., additional, Frouz, Jan, additional, Liiri, Mira, additional, Mortimer, Simon R., additional, Setälä, Heikki, additional, Tzanopoulos, Joseph, additional, Uteseny, Karoline, additional, Pižl, Václav, additional, Stary, Josef, additional, Wolters, Volkmar, additional, and Hedlund, Katarina, additional
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- 2014
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126. Soil fungi and nitrogen cycling:causes and consequences of changing fungal biomass in grasslands
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de Vries, Franciska T.
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- 2009
127. Hierarchical responses of plant-soil interactions to climate change:consequences for the global carbon cycle
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Bardgett, Richard, Manning, Pete, Morrien, Elly, De Vries, Franciska, Bardgett, Richard, Manning, Pete, Morrien, Elly, and De Vries, Franciska
- Abstract
Interactions between plant and soil communities play a major role in determining the impact of climate change on ecosystem functioning and the carbon cycle, and the mechanisms involved operate over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. We present a framework for understanding the consequences of climate-induced changes in plant–soil feedback for the carbon cycle. The framework describes a hierarchy of mechanisms by which changes in climate impact on ecosystem carbon dynamics at three levels of response, namely individual and community reordering and species immigration and loss. For each level, we identify the mechanisms by which climate change impacts on plant–soil interactions with consequences for the carbon cycle. We also demonstrate that the potential for decoupling of plant–soil interactions increases across the three levels of response, being greatest with species immigration and/or loss, for example, if plants were to undergo a biome shift, but their associated soil communities did not. Such decoupling is a largely unrecognized, but potentially important regulator of the future global carbon cycle. Synthesis. The framework presented here highlights a need for a new approach to the study of climate change impacts on plant–soil interactions and carbon cycling that integrates this hierarchy of responses, and incorporates the decoupling of above-ground and below-ground networks, across a range of temporal and spatial scales, and ecosystems.
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- 2013
128. Soil food web properties explain ecosystem services across European land use systems
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de Vries, Franciska, D'Hertefeldt, Tina, de Vries, Franciska, and D'Hertefeldt, Tina
- Abstract
EU 7 Soilservice
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- 2013
- Full Text
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129. White Paper on the First Open Meeting of the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative (GSBI) Held in London, England, 30 March 2012
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Ramirez, Kelly S., Bardgett, Richard D., Fricks, Barbara, Montanarella, Luca, Six, Johan, van der Putten, Wim H, Wall, Diana H., Ameloot, Nele, Ayuke, Fredrick, Banwart, Steven A., Bignell, David E., Black, Helaina, Bossio, Deborah, Bruckman, Viktor J., Brussaard, Lijbert, Campbell, Colin, Campbell, Kathryn, Soares de Carvalho, Teotonio, Cooper, Julia M., Coutinho, Heitor, L.C., Goulding, Keith W.T., Griffiths, Robert I., Harris, Jim, Hopkins, David W., Houskova, Beata, Jehne, Walter, Lemanceau, Philippe, Lindo, Zoe, Murray, Phil, Muscolo, Adele, Ogram, Andrew, Ritz, Karl, Rombke, Jorg, Scow, Kate, de Vries, Franciska T., Wolters, Volkmar, Ramirez, Kelly S., Bardgett, Richard D., Fricks, Barbara, Montanarella, Luca, Six, Johan, van der Putten, Wim H, Wall, Diana H., Ameloot, Nele, Ayuke, Fredrick, Banwart, Steven A., Bignell, David E., Black, Helaina, Bossio, Deborah, Bruckman, Viktor J., Brussaard, Lijbert, Campbell, Colin, Campbell, Kathryn, Soares de Carvalho, Teotonio, Cooper, Julia M., Coutinho, Heitor, L.C., Goulding, Keith W.T., Griffiths, Robert I., Harris, Jim, Hopkins, David W., Houskova, Beata, Jehne, Walter, Lemanceau, Philippe, Lindo, Zoe, Murray, Phil, Muscolo, Adele, Ogram, Andrew, Ritz, Karl, Rombke, Jorg, Scow, Kate, de Vries, Franciska T., and Wolters, Volkmar
- Published
- 2012
130. Abiotic drivers and plant traits explain landscape-scale patterns in soil microbial communities
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De Vries, Franciska, Manning, Pete, Tallowin, Jerry, Mortimer, Simon, Pilgrim, Emma, Harrison, Kate, Hobbs, Phil, Quirk, Helen, Shipley, Bill, Cornelissen, Hans, Kattge, Jens, Bardgett, Richard, De Vries, Franciska, Manning, Pete, Tallowin, Jerry, Mortimer, Simon, Pilgrim, Emma, Harrison, Kate, Hobbs, Phil, Quirk, Helen, Shipley, Bill, Cornelissen, Hans, Kattge, Jens, and Bardgett, Richard
- Abstract
The controls on aboveground community composition and diversity have been extensively studied, but our understanding of the drivers of belowground microbial communities is relatively lacking, despite their importance for ecosystem functioning. In this study, we fitted statistical models to explain landscape-scale variation in soil microbial community composition using data from 180 sites covering a broad range of grassland types, soil and climatic conditions in England. We found that variation in soil microbial communities was explained by abiotic factors like climate, pH and soil properties. Biotic factors, namely community-weighted means (CWM) of plant functional traits, also explained variation in soil microbial communities. In particular, more bacterial-dominated microbial communities were associated with exploitative plant traits versus fungal-dominated communities with resource-conservative traits, showing that plant functional traits and soil microbial communities are closely related at the landscape scale.
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- 2012
131. Land use alters the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to drought
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de Vries, Franciska T., Liiri, M.E., Bjørnlund, Lisa, Bowker, M.A., Christensen, Soren, Setälä, Heikki, Bardgett, Richard, de Vries, Franciska T., Liiri, M.E., Bjørnlund, Lisa, Bowker, M.A., Christensen, Soren, Setälä, Heikki, and Bardgett, Richard
- Abstract
Soils deliver several ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, which are of central importance to climate mitigation and sustainable food production. Soil biota play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and, although the effects of land use on soil food webs are well documented, the consequences for their resistance and resilience to climate change are not known. We compared the resistance and resilience to drought — which is predicted to increase under climate change 2,7 — of soil food webs of two common land-use systems: intensively managed wheat with a bacterial-based soil food web and extensively managed grassland with a fungal-based soil food web. We found that the fungal-based food web, and the processes of C and N loss it governs, of grassland soil was more resistant, although not resilient, and better able to adapt to drought than the bacterial-based food web of wheat soil. Structural equation modelling revealed that fungal-based soil food webs and greater microbial evenness mitigated C and N loss. Our findings show that land use strongly affects the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to climate change, and that extensively managed grassland promotes more resistant, and adaptable, fungal-based soil food webs.
- Published
- 2012
132. White Paper on the First Open Meeting of the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative (GSBI) Held in London, England, 30 March 2012
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Ramirez, Kelly, Bardgett, Richard, Fricks, Barbara, Montanarella, Luca, Six, Johan, van der Putten, Wim, Wall, Diana, Ameloot, Nele, Ayuke, Fredrick, Banwart, Steven, Bignell, David, Black, Helaina, Bossio, Deborah, Bruckman, Viktor, Brussaard, Lijbert, Campbell, Colin, Campbell, Kathryn, Soares de Carvalho, Teotonio, Cooper, Julia, Coutinho, Heitor, Goulding, Keith, Griffiths, Robert, Harris, Jim, Hopkins, David, Houskova, Beata, Jehne, Walter, Lemanceau, Philippe, Lindo, Zoe, Murray, Phil, Muscolo, Adele, Ogram, Andrew, Ritz, Karl, Rombke, Jorg, Scow, Kate, De Vries, Franciska, Wolters, Volkmar, Ramirez, Kelly, Bardgett, Richard, Fricks, Barbara, Montanarella, Luca, Six, Johan, van der Putten, Wim, Wall, Diana, Ameloot, Nele, Ayuke, Fredrick, Banwart, Steven, Bignell, David, Black, Helaina, Bossio, Deborah, Bruckman, Viktor, Brussaard, Lijbert, Campbell, Colin, Campbell, Kathryn, Soares de Carvalho, Teotonio, Cooper, Julia, Coutinho, Heitor, Goulding, Keith, Griffiths, Robert, Harris, Jim, Hopkins, David, Houskova, Beata, Jehne, Walter, Lemanceau, Philippe, Lindo, Zoe, Murray, Phil, Muscolo, Adele, Ogram, Andrew, Ritz, Karl, Rombke, Jorg, Scow, Kate, De Vries, Franciska, and Wolters, Volkmar
- Published
- 2012
133. Linking soil biodiversity and agricultural management
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Thiele-Bruhn, Soren, Bloem, Jaap, De Vries, Franciska, Kalbitz, Karsten, Wagg, Cameron, Thiele-Bruhn, Soren, Bloem, Jaap, De Vries, Franciska, Kalbitz, Karsten, and Wagg, Cameron
- Abstract
Soil biodiversity vastly exceeds aboveground biodiversity, and is prerequisite for ecosystem stability and services. This review presents recent findings in soil biodiversity research focused on interrelations with agricultural soil management. Richness and community structure of soil biota depend on plant biodiversity and vice versa. Soil biota govern nutrient cycling and storage, soil organic matter (SOM) formation and turnover. Agriculture manipulates plants, soils and SOM. With intensification, regulation of functions through biodiversity is replaced by regulation through agricultural measures. Fertilizers and agrochemicals exert strong effects on soil biodiversity and functioning. Resulting community shifts feed back on soil functions such as carbon and nutrient cycling and pest control. Therefore, agricultural systems with less inputs may promote self-regulating systems and higher biodiversity.
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- 2012
134. Soil Ecology
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De Vries, Franciska, Bardgett, Richard, De Vries, Franciska, and Bardgett, Richard
- Published
- 2012
135. Plant-microbial linkages and ecosystem N retention: lessons for sustainable agriculture
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De Vries, Franciska, Bardgett, Richard, De Vries, Franciska, and Bardgett, Richard
- Abstract
The use of nitrogen (N) in fertilizer has doubled the amount of reactive N in the biosphere, leading to increased greenhouse-gas emissions and nutrient enrichment in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the global impact of N, many uncertainties exist about the factors that determine the loss and retention of fertilizer-associated N in terrestrial ecosystems. A growing body of evidence shows that linkages between plants and soil microbes play a major role in controlling the loss and retention of N. The promotion of such plant–microbial linkages in agricultural systems has the potential to enhance N retention and reduce N loss. Although trade-offs with agricultural yield are inevitable, promoting plant–microbial linkages will reap benefits in terms of plant crop resistance to climate change as well as to pests and diseases.
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- 2012
136. Land use alters the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to drought
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De Vries, Franciska, Liiri, Mira, Bjornlund, Lisa, Bowker, Matthew, Christensen, Soren, Setala, Heikki, Bardgett, Richard, De Vries, Franciska, Liiri, Mira, Bjornlund, Lisa, Bowker, Matthew, Christensen, Soren, Setala, Heikki, and Bardgett, Richard
- Abstract
Soils deliver several ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, which are of central importance to climate mitigation and sustainable food production. Soil biota play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and, although the effects of land use on soil food webs are well documented, the consequences for their resistance and resilience to climate change are not known. We compared the resistance and resilience to drought—which is predicted to increase under climate change—of soil food webs of two common land-use systems: intensively managed wheat with a bacterial-based soil food web and extensively managed grassland with a fungal-based soil food web. We found that the fungal-based food web, and the processes of C and N loss it governs, of grassland soil was more resistant, although not resilient, and better able to adapt to drought than the bacterial-based food web of wheat soil. Structural equation modelling revealed that fungal-based soil food webs and greater microbial evenness mitigated C and N loss. Our findings show that land use strongly affects the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to climate change, and that extensively managed grassland promotes more resistant, and adaptable, fungal-based soil food webs.
- Published
- 2012
137. Legacy effects of drought on plant growth and the soil food web
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De Vries, Franciska, Liiri, Mira, Bjornlund, Lisa, Setala, Heikki, Christensen, Soren, Bardgett, Richard, De Vries, Franciska, Liiri, Mira, Bjornlund, Lisa, Setala, Heikki, Christensen, Soren, and Bardgett, Richard
- Abstract
Soils deliver important ecosystem services, such as nutrient provision for plants and the storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which are greatly impacted by drought. Both plants and soil biota affect soil C and N availability, which might in turn affect their response to drought, offering the potential to feed back on each other’s performance. In a greenhouse experiment, we compared legacy effects of repeated drought on plant growth and the soil food web in two contrasting land-use systems: extensively managed grassland, rich in C and with a fungal-based food web, and intensively managed wheat lower in C and with a bacterial-based food web. Moreover, we assessed the effect of plant presence on the recovery of the soil food web after drought. Drought legacy effects increased plant growth in both systems, and a plant strongly reduced N leaching. Fungi, bacteria, and their predators were more resilient after drought in the grassland soil than in the wheat soil. The presence of a plant strongly affected the composition of the soil food web, and alleviated the effects of drought for most trophic groups, regardless of the system. This effect was stronger for the bottom trophic levels, whose resilience was positively correlated to soil available C. Our results show that plant belowground inputs have the potential to affect the recovery of belowground communities after drought, with implications for the functions they perform, such as C and N cycling.
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- 2012
138. Extensive management promotes plant and microbial nitrogen retention in temperate grassland
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De Vries, Franciska, Bloem, Jaap, Quirk, Helen, Stevens, Carly, Bol, Roland, Bardgett, Richard, De Vries, Franciska, Bloem, Jaap, Quirk, Helen, Stevens, Carly, Bol, Roland, and Bardgett, Richard
- Abstract
Leaching losses of nitrogen (N) from soil and atmospheric N deposition have led to widespread changes in plant community and microbial community composition, but our knowledge of the factors that determine ecosystem N retention is limited. A common feature of extensively managed, species-rich grasslands is that they have fungal-dominated microbial communities, which might reduce soil N losses and increase ecosystem N retention, which is pivotal for pollution mitigation and sustainable food production. However, the mechanisms that underpin improved N retention in extensively managed, species-rich grasslands are unclear. We combined a landscape-scale field study and glasshouse experiment to test how grassland management affects plant and soil N retention. Specifically, we hypothesised that extensively managed, species-rich grasslands of high conservation value would have lower N loss and greater N retention than intensively managed, species-poor grasslands, and that this would be due to a greater immobilisation of N by a more fungal-dominated microbial community. In the field study, we found that extensively managed, species-rich grasslands had lower N leaching losses. Soil inorganic N availability decreased with increasing abundance of fungi relative to bacteria, although the best predictor of soil N leaching was the C/N ratio of aboveground plant biomass. In the associated glasshouse experiment we found that retention of added 15N was greater in extensively than in intensively managed grasslands, which was attributed to a combination of greater root uptake and microbial immobilisation of 15N in the former, and that microbial immobilisation increased with increasing biomass and abundance of fungi. These findings show that grassland management affects mechanisms of N retention in soil through changes in root and microbial uptake of N. Moreover, they support the notion that microbial communities might be the key to improved N retention through tightening linkages betwe
- Published
- 2012
139. Managing soils for ecosystem services.
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Bardgett, Richard D., Quinton, John N., de Vries, Franciska T., Bardgett, Richard D., Quinton, John N., and de Vries, Franciska T.
- Published
- 2011
140. High turnover of fungal hyphae in incubation experiments
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De Vries, Franciska, Bååth, Erland, Kuyper, Thom W., Bloem, Jaap, De Vries, Franciska, Bååth, Erland, Kuyper, Thom W., and Bloem, Jaap
- Abstract
Soil biological studies are often conducted on sieved soils without the presence of plants. However, soil fungi build delicate mycelial networks, often symbiotically associated with plant roots (mycorrhizal fungi). We hypothesized that as a result of sieving and incubating without plants, the total fungal biomass decreases. To test this, we conducted three incubation experiments. We expected total and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal biomass to be higher in less fertilized soils than in fertilized soils, and thus to decrease more during incubation. Indeed, we found that fungal biomass decreased rapidly in the less fertilized soils. A shift towards thicker hyphae occurred, and the fraction of septate hyphae increased. However, analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and neutral lipid fatty acids could not clarify which fungal groups were decreasing. We propose that in our soils, there was a fraction of fungal biomass that was sensitive to fertilization and disturbance (sieving, followed by incubation without plants) with a very high turnover (possibly composed of fine hyphae of AM and saprotrophic fungi), and a fraction that was much less vulnerable with a low turnover (composed of saprotrophic fungi and runner hyphae of AMF). Furthermore, PLFAs might not be as sensitive in detecting changes in fungal biomass as previously thought.
- Published
- 2009
141. A mixture of grass and clover combines the positive effects of both plant species on selected soil biota.
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van Eekeren, Nick, van Liere, Diederik, de Vries, Franciska, Rutgers, Michiel, de Goede, Ron, Brussaard, Lijbert, van Eekeren, Nick, van Liere, Diederik, de Vries, Franciska, Rutgers, Michiel, de Goede, Ron, and Brussaard, Lijbert
- Abstract
The introduction of N2-fixing white clover (Trifolium repens) in grassland is a management measure that may contribute to sustainable grassland systems by making them less dependent on inorganic fertilizers. However, little is known about the impact of this measure on soil biota and ecosystem services. We investigated earthworms, nematodes, bacteria and fungi in an experiment in which white clover-only and a mixture of grass and white clover without fertilization were compared with grass-only with and without fertilization. In comparison with grass-only, white clover-only had a lower total root biomass and a lower C/N-ratio in the above- and below-ground plant biomass. These plant characteristics resulted in a lower bacterial biomass, a lower fungal biomass, a higher proportion of bacterivorous nematode dauerlarvae, a lesser proportion of herbivorous nematodes and a greater abundance of earthworms in clover-only. The quantity and quality (C/N-ratio) of the above- and below-ground plant biomass in the mixture of grass and white clover (20–30% clover in the DM) was comparable with grass fertilized with 150 kg N ha−1 of inorganic fertilizer. Differences between these treatments might show specific clover effects in the grass–clover mixture on soil biota other than quantity and C/N-ratio of the litter. However, the only differences were a higher proportion of bacterivorous nematode dauerlarvae and a different nematode community composition in grass–clover. The soil structure in white clover-only showed a higher proportion of angular blocky elements, a lower penetration resistance, a higher number of earthworm burrows, a higher potential N-mineralization and respiration than the soil in grass-only. This suggests that clover stimulates the ecosystem services of water infiltration and supply of nutrients, but is less conducive to soil structure maintenance. The grass–clover mixture differed from grass-only in a higher respiration and from clover-only in a higher percentage
- Published
- 2009
142. Controls on soil microbial community stability under climate change
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de Vries, Franciska T., primary and Shade, Ashley, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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143. Fungal biomass in pastures increases with age and reduced N input.
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de Vries, Franciska T., Bloem, Jaap, van Eekeren, Nick, Brussaard, Lijbert, Hoffland, Ellis, de Vries, Franciska T., Bloem, Jaap, van Eekeren, Nick, Brussaard, Lijbert, and Hoffland, Ellis
- Abstract
Previous studies have shown that soil fungal biomass increases towards more natural, mature systems. Shifts to a fungal-based soil food web have previously been observed with abandonment of agricultural fields and extensification of agriculture. In a previous field experiment we found increased fungal biomass with reduced N fertilisation. Here, we explore relationships between fungi, bacteria, N input and grassland age on real dairy farms in the Netherlands. We hypothesised that also in pastures that are still in production there is a negative relationship between fungal biomass and fertilisation, and that fungal biomass increases with grassland age in pastures that are still in production. We expected the fungal/bacterial biomass ratio to show the same responses, as this ratio has often been used as an indicator for management changes. We sampled 48 pastures from eight organic dairy farms. Sites differed in age and fertilisation rate. We determined fungal and bacterial biomass, as well as ergosterol (a fungal biomarker). Fungal and bacterial biomass and ergosterol, showed a negative relationship with N application rate, and correlated positively with organic matter percentage. In old pastures, fungal biomass and ergosterol were higher than in younger pastures. Because bacterial biomass responded in the same way as fungal biomass, the F/B ratio remained constant, and can therefore—in our data set—not be used as an indicator for changing management. We conclude that the changes in fungal and bacterial biomass were driven by changes in organic matter quality and quantity. The negative relationship we found between N application rate and fungal biomass adds to earlier work and confirms the presence of this relationship in pastures with relatively small differences in management intensities. Earlier studies on shifts in fungal biomass focused on ex-agricultural fields or restoration projects. Here we show that fungal biomass is also higher in older agricultural pastures
- Published
- 2007
144. Heavy-metal concentrations in small mammals from a diffusely polluted floodplain : importance of species- and location-specific characteristics.
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Wijnhoven, S., Leuven, R., Van der Velde, G., Jungheim, G., Koelemij, E. I., De Vries, Franciska T., Eijsackers, H. P. J., Smits, A. J. M., Wijnhoven, S., Leuven, R., Van der Velde, G., Jungheim, G., Koelemij, E. I., De Vries, Franciska T., Eijsackers, H. P. J., and Smits, A. J. M.
- Abstract
The soil of several floodplain areas along large European rivers shows increased levels of heavy metals as a relict from past sedimentation of contaminants. These levels may pose risks of accumulation in food webs and toxicologic effects on flora and fauna. However, for floodplains, data on heavy-metal concentrations in vertebrates are scarce. Moreover, these environments are characterised by periodical flooding cycles influencing ecologic processes and patterns. To investigate whether the suggested differences in accumulation risks for insectivores and carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores are reflected in the actual heavy-metal concentrations in the species, we measured the current levels of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in 199 specimens of 7 small mammal species (voles, mice, and shrews) and in their habitats in a diffusely polluted floodplain. The highest metal concentrations were found in the insectivorous and carnivorous shrew, Sorex araneus. Significant differences between the other shrew species, Crocidura russula, and the vole and mouse species was only found for Cd. The Cu concentration in Clethrionomys glareolus, however, was significantly higher than in several other vole and mouse species. To explain the metal concentrations found in the specimens, we related them to environmental variables at the trapping locations and to certain characteristics of the mammals. Variables taken into account were soil total and CaCl2-extractable metal concentrations at the trapping locations; whether locations were flooded or nonflooded; the trapping season; and the life stage; sex; and fresh weight of the specimens. Correlations between body and soil concentrations and location or specimen characteristics were weak. Therefore; we assumed that exposure of small mammals to heavy-metal contamination in floodplains is significantly influenced by exposure time, which is age related, as well as by dispersal and changes in foraging and feeding patterns under influence of periodic floodin
- Published
- 2007
145. Extensive Management Promotes Plant and Microbial Nitrogen Retention in Temperate Grassland
- Author
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de Vries, Franciska T., primary, Bloem, Jaap, additional, Quirk, Helen, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Bol, Roland, additional, and Bardgett, Richard D., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Fungal/bacterial ratios in grasslands with contrasting nitrogen management
- Author
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de Vries, Franciska T, Hofland, Ellis, van Eekeren, Nick, Brussaard, Lijbert, Bloem, Jaap, de Vries, Franciska T, Hofland, Ellis, van Eekeren, Nick, Brussaard, Lijbert, and Bloem, Jaap
- Abstract
It is frequently hypothesised that high soil fungal/bacterial ratios are indicative for more sustainable agricultural systems.Increased F/B ratios have been reported in extensively managed grasslands.To determine the shifts in fungal/bacterial biomass ratio as in fluenced by grassland management and to find relations with nitrogen leaching potential,we sampled a two-year-old field experiment at an organic experimental farm in the eastern part of The Netherlands.The effect of crop (grass and grass-clover),N application rate (0, 40, 80,120 kg N/ha 1 )and manure type (no manure,farm yard manure and slurry)on the F / B ratio within three growing seasons was tested, as well as relations with soil and crop characteristics,nitrate leaching and partial N balance. Biomass of fungi and bacteria was calculated after direct counts using epi fluorescence microscopy. Fungal and bacterial biomass and the F B ratio were higher in grass than in grass-clover.The F/B ratio decreased with increasing N application rate and multiple regression analysis revealed a negative relationship with pH. Bacterial activity (measured as incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine into bacterial DNA and proteins)showed the exact opposite:an increase with N application rate and pH. Leaching increased with N application rate and was higher in grass-clover than in grass. Partial N balance was more positive at a higher N application rate and showed an inverse relationship with fungal biomass and F/B ratio.We conclude that the fungal/bacterial biomass ratio quickly responded to changes in management. Grasslands with higher N input showed lower F/B ratios.Grass-clover had a smaller fungal biomass and higher N leaching than grass.In general,a higher fungal biomass indicated a lower nitrogen leaching and a more negative partial N balance (or smaller N surplus), but more observations are needed to con firm the relationship between F/B ratio and sustainability.
- Published
- 2006
147. Fungal/bacterial ratios in grasslands with contrasting nitrogen management.
- Author
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de Vries, Franciska T., Hoffland, Ellis, van Eekeren, Nick, Brussaard, Lijbert, Bloem, Jaap, de Vries, Franciska T., Hoffland, Ellis, van Eekeren, Nick, Brussaard, Lijbert, and Bloem, Jaap
- Abstract
It is frequently hypothesised that high soil fungal/bacterial ratios are indicative for more sustainable agricultural systems. Increased F/B ratios have been reported in extensively managed grasslands. To determine the shifts in fungal/bacterial biomass ratio as influenced by grassland management and to find relations with nitrogen leaching potential, we sampled a two-year-old field experiment at an organic experimental farm in the eastern part of The Netherlands. The effect of crop (grass and grass-clover), N application rate (0, 40, 80, ) and manure type (no manure, farm yard manure and slurry) on the F/B ratio within three growing seasons was tested, as well as relations with soil and crop characteristics, nitrate leaching and partial N balance. Biomass of fungi and bacteria was calculated after direct counts using epifluorescence microscopy. Fungal and bacterial biomass and the F/B ratio were higher in grass than in grass-clover. The F/B ratio decreased with increasing N application rate and multiple regression analysis revealed a negative relationship with pH. Bacterial activity (measured as incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine into bacterial DNA and proteins) showed the exact opposite: an increase with N application rate and pH. Leaching increased with N application rate and was higher in grass-clover than in grass. Partial N balance was more positive at a higher N application rate and showed an inverse relationship with fungal biomass and F/B ratio. We conclude that the fungal/bacterial biomass ratio quickly responded to changes in management. Grasslands with higher N input showed lower F/B ratios. Grass-clover had a smaller fungal biomass and higher N leaching than grass. In general, a higher fungal biomass indicated a lower nitrogen leaching and a more negative partial N balance (or smaller N surplus), but more observations are needed to confirm the relationship between F/B ratio and sustainability.
- Published
- 2006
148. Within-trophic group interactions of bacterivorous nematode species and their effects on the bacterial community and nitrogen mineralization.
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Postma-Blaauw, M. B., de Vries, Franciska T., de Goede, R. G. M., Bloem, Jaap, Faber, J. H., Brussaard, Lijbert, Postma-Blaauw, M. B., de Vries, Franciska T., de Goede, R. G. M., Bloem, Jaap, Faber, J. H., and Brussaard, Lijbert
- Abstract
Knowledge of the interactions between organisms within trophic groups is important for an understanding of the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning. We hypothesised that interactions between bacterivorous nematodes of different life history strategies would affect nematode population development, bacterial community composition and activity, resulting in increased N mineralization. A microcosm experiment was conducted using three nematode species (Bursilla monhystera, Acrobeloides nanus and Plectus parvus). All the nematode species interacted with each other, but the nature and effects of these interactions depended on the specific species combination. The interaction between B. monhystera and A. nanus was asymmetrically competitive (0,–), whereas that between B. monhystera and P. parvus, and also A. nanus and P. parvus was contramensal (+, –). The interaction that affected microcosm properties the most was the interaction between B. monhystera and P. parvus. This interaction affected the bacterial community composition, increased the bacterial biomass and increased soil N mineralization. B. monhystera and P. parvus have the most different life history strategies, whereas A. nanus has a life history strategy intermediate to those of B. monhystera and P. parvus. We suggest that the difference in life history strategies between species of the same trophic group is of importance for their communal effect on soil ecosystem processes. Our results support the idiosyncrasy hypothesis on the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning.
- Published
- 2005
149. Abiotic drivers and plant traits explain landscape-scale patterns in soil microbial communities
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de Vries, Franciska T., primary, Manning, Pete, additional, Tallowin, Jerry R. B., additional, Mortimer, Simon R., additional, Pilgrim, Emma S., additional, Harrison, Kathryn A., additional, Hobbs, Phil J., additional, Quirk, Helen, additional, Shipley, Bill, additional, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, and Bardgett, Richard D., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health.
- Author
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Bardgett, Richard, primary and De Vries, Franciska, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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