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The work on the Golden Gospel of Dabra Libānos za-Ham in Eritrea, one of the main archives of the medieval history of Ethiopia and Eritrea, was initiated within the frame of the Ethiopian Manuscript Archives project, ANR EthioChristProcess, and Beta maṣāḥǝft. The work aims to describe the codicological disposition of the archival notes (i.e. arrangement of texts within the codex and its by-side folia), to provide their transcription, translation, and indexation. This article will discuss the encoding method for this work in progress, supported by TEI.

A wooden altar tablet (ṭablītō) inscribed in Syriac, consecrated by an ‘Athanasius bishop of Ethiopia’ in 1295/1296 CE was recently documented from a church in the nearby of Asmara, in Eritrea. The note provides edition, translation, and commentary of the text, as well as a first assessment of its meaning in connection with the debated issue of the presence of Syrian prelates in Ethiopia and Eritrea at the end of the thirteenth century. The wooden tablet is the only ancient or medieval written object in Syriac script or language that has so far been found in Ethiopia or Eritrea.

Review

Review

Review

Based on first-millennium cuneiform manuscripts from Aššur, Babylon, and Uruk, this article offers an edition of a ritual against an illness conceptualized as the demon ‘Any Evil’. The text sheds light on how the catch-all figure Any Evil corresponds to the idea of a universal cure for any physical ailment, and how the rhetoric of the incantation articulates this relationship and facilitates the active participation of the patient. The ritual instructions of this and a closely related text show that Any Evil is envisaged as a bull-headed, male demon. This points to an adaptation of motifs that are typically associated with ghosts in ancient Mesopotamian thought and raises questions concerning the pictorial representation of Any Evil and its conceptual foundations.

ZusammenfassungIn dieser landeskundlich-historisch ausgerichteten Abhandlung wird die Geschichte des ‚Rauhen Kilikien‘ unter den Römern untersucht. Das Rauhe Kilikien in seiner Gesamtheit stand bislang nur selten im Zentrum einer genaueren Analyse. Die geschichtlichen Daten sind möglichst quellennah unter Berücksichtigung der Sekundärliteratur erarbeitet; insbesondere wurde dabei der epigraphische Befund berücksichtigt.Einer einleitenden geographischen Abgrenzung folgt eine kurze Einführung in die Region. Das Rauhe Kilikien wurde länger als alle anderen kleinasiatischen Regionen von Klientelkönigen verwaltet, bis es unter Vespasian Teil der römischen Provinzordnung wurde. Anschließend erlebte das Rauhe Kilikien eine lange Phase der steten Entwicklung und Urbanisierung. Unter Diokletian wurde das Rauhe Kilikien Kernstück der neuen Provinz ‚Isauria‘.Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt auf der Frage nach den ‚kilikischen Piraten‘ und, später, den ‚isaurischen Banditen‘.

We present the results of geochemical analysis of silver coinage issued by Rome and dated between the fourth and second century BCE, which are complemented by data of coinage issued by Carthage, the Brettii, and the Greek colony of Emporion. Each of these minting authorities represents one of the major parties involved in the struggle for hegemony in the fourth to second centuries BCE Western Mediterranean region. This study retraces how the metal supply shifts in response to the transforming power relations and how this change is related to Rome's rise to the virtually uncontested ruler of the region.

A series of pottery samples from the Iranian site Tol-e Kamin, ranging from pre-historical period to the New Elamite, were analyzed in order to study the geochemical variability of the pottery assemblage. A total amount of 168 measurements were obtained using a portable XRF device and were statistically handled. The results could successfully distinguish the geochemical composition of potteries from the chalcolithic to the New Elamite periods in the Kur River Basin. A major shift in the use of different clay sources could be detected since the Proto Elamite period and afterward, in which the carbonated and marl content clays represented by Ca, Ba and Sr shifted to clay sources with a tendency to non-carbonate silty clay Al, Ti, and Fe from a different geological background. The results stress the importance of further provenance studies to address issues of trade and exchange possibilities in southwestern Iran.

Der Beitrag gibt der/dem Leser:in einen Einblick in die Lebenswelt der Untertan:innen der Sasanidischen Herrscher:innen.

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 133

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 265

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 201

Die Erforschung von Feuchtgebieten im historischen Kontext wirft Fragen auf, die ohne Kombination natur- und geisteswissenschaftlicher Methoden nicht beantwortbar sind. Hierbei bieten, bedingt durch Überlieferungsschwierigkeiten und terminologische Unklarheiten, die Kulturen in Vorderasien und am Mittelmeer eine besondere Herausforderung. Wir versuchen eine Inventur zu erstellen, wie Feuchtgebiete in diesen alten Kulturen empfunden wurden, und analysieren einige Beispiele aus mythologischen bzw. religiösen Quellen., The study of wetlands in a historical context leads to questions that cannot be answered without the combination of natural and human sciences. In this frame, the cultures of the Near East and the Mediterranean are – because of preservation of sources and unclarities of terminology – a special challenge. We try to inventory how ancient cultures perceived wetlands and analyse some examples from mythological and religious sources., SUB Göttingen, DGMT, research

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 299

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 283

This thesis, entitled “PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF EGYPT ABOUT 2000 B.P. Geospatial analysis and Cartographic Verification of the Journey of The Holy Family using GIS and Remote Sensing”, aimed to redraw the path of the Holy Family from its escape from Bethlehem to Egypt, until its return to Nazareth again. In addition to the spatial verification of the locations of the itinerary stations. The thesis consists of five chapters, each of which deals with multiple aspects, in addition to 62 figures and 32 tables. The first chapter discusses all the sources and references that referred to the names of the stations of the Holy Family's journey from the first century AD to 2022 which the researcher was able to obtain. The chapter ends with a map of the locations of all known stations, 62 in Egypt and 9 in Palestine, in addition to 12 unknown stations. While the second chapter presented the cartographic spatial verification of the path stations that were referred to in the first chapter, which are located in Palestine and the northern sector of North Sinai. the old road network was checked. That is after verifying the ancient Roman road network and its stations as part of a base map for these two regions. The chapter concluded with a map of the confirmed itinerary, which extends through these two mentioned regions. In the same context, the third chapter presented the ancient Roman road network in Egypt, especially in the Nile Delta and the valley until Asyut in the south, where it is the last stop for which the itinerary extended according to the documents. The chapter also presented a proposed result for a part of the path that was not previously mentioned in any of the references, which extends from al-al-Ma’adi in the south of Cairo to Deir al-Garnous, which is located in the north of Minia. The chapter ended with a presentation of the confirmed path stations in the Nile Valley and Delta region. To complete a geographical base map to verify the path of the Holy Family's journey, it was necessary to verify the extension of the network of the Nile River branches and the ancient canals at the time of the Holy Family, which is what was presented in the fourth chapter. The chapter also presented a proposal for a map of the ancient river branches and their extension, and the spatial changes of some of the geomorphological units that make up the delta, according to what was obtained from databases and atlases specific to that period. A simulation of the ancient Nile flood levels on the current topographic surface in Egypt was presented, to remedy the current climatic changes and fluctuations. The chapter concluded with the locating of the stations of the Holy Family's journey path on the map of the ancient Nile branches. The spatial analysis was carried out using GIS in the fifth chapter, to elicit the extent of congruence and spatial compatibility between the stations of the itinerary and the two networks of old roads and Nile branches. The reasons that led to the deviation of some stations from the logical cartographic geographical extension of the flight path were explained. As a result, 2 roads were proposed for the Holy Family's flight from Palestine to Egypt, and 3 roads for its return to Nazareth again. Accordingly, the main objective of the thesis has been reached, which is to verify the road and its stations, after the proposed final map of the Holy Family's journey (Escape and Return) was produced.

This Working Paper provides a window on Christian Hornung’s current research as part of the Cluster of Excellence “Dependency and Slavery Studies.” His research focuses on the history of early Christian offices and institutions in the third century AD in terms of structures of asymmetrical dependency. Representative texts and authors to be analysed are the so-called Syriac Didascalia and Cyprian of Carthage. This selection of texts offers insights into the origins and theological rationales of the ecclesiastical dependency structures that developed with the emergence of different offices and lifestyles. Central to the analysis are not so much the practical aspects of how ecclesiastical offices developed, but rather processes of legitimation and derivation. The Working Paper concludes by pointing to further fields of research and current research gaps.

Quaternary 5(4), 47 (2022). doi:10.3390/quat5040047 special issue: "Special Issue "Climate Change and Reconstruction of the Palaeoecological Changes" / Special Issue Editor: Dr. Dávid Molnár, Guest Editor", Published by MDPI, Basel

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 117

During the years of 2013-2018, the North Sea Harbour Project investigated early medieval settlement sites of the 7th-11th centuries along the German North Sea coast with a methodological bundle of archaeological and geophysical surveys, geoarchaeological investigations of their local settings and archaeological excavations. One of the core research areas were the North Frisian Islands of Föhr, Amrum and Sylt, which have a unique setting in the German Wadden Sea area. The islands consist of elevated Pleistocene moraine cores with adjacent marshes and easy access to the open sea. Their topography offers favoured settlement locations with high arable land and fertile pasture in the marshes. Natural harbour situations like small rivers and tidal creeks through the marshland provide navigable access to the maritime trade networks along the North Sea coast. It was possible to investigate sites at Witsum, Nieblum and Goting on the island of Föhr and Tinnum and Wenningstedt on the island of Sylt. The surveys revealed a pattern of enclosed village complexes, open complexes with separated functional areas and protective ring fortresses. During the 8th and 9th centuries, the sites show a high level of specialised craft production focused on textiles and amber, but also numerous imports and the refining of imported raw materials, especially glass bead production. It is argued that these sites acted as trading sites for production and re-distribution on a local and regional level, firmly connected to the maritime trade along the North Sea Coast and the nearby emporium of Ribe. The high level of trade and production activities can be traced until the middle of the 9th century, when the maritime trade routes shift focus towards Hedeby and bypass the islands. Subsequently, settlement structures change and the harbour locations lose relevance, although the strong involvement of North Frisian residents in the maritime trade is maintained throughout the Viking Age., Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 161

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 91

Beschreibung und Interpretation der Kunstmedaille "Ukraine" der Künstlerin Katrin Fahron.

Beschreibung und Interpretation der Kunstmedaille "1914-2014" der Künstlerin Agatha Kill.

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 43

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 185